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Home , Ishinomaki, Iwanuma, Kesennuma, Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture, Mount Unzen

The Great East Earthquake struck on March 11, 2011. Emergency The Great East Japan Earth quake rescue teams from 23 countries or regions raced to the zone, assistance was offered by 163 countries or regions and by 43 international organizations, and emergency supplies and donations were received from Assistance from around the world 126 of these countries, regions and international organizations. Source: Data by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

Australia Period: March 16 to 19 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Location: , Emergency rescue teams China Period: March 14 to 20 / Rescue team / dispatched to the disaster zone Location: Ofunato, countries France Period: March 16 to 23 / Rescue workers / Location: Natori, Miyagi From23 or regions Prefecture and Hachinohe, Germany Period: March 14 to 15 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Location: Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture

As of January 30, 2012 India Period: March 29 to April 6 / Relief team / Location: Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture Declarations of assistance, Indonesia Period: March 19 to 23 / Rescue team / Clerical and medical staff / including personnel, supplies Provision of Location: , , and other locations in relief supplies and donations Miyagi Prefecture and donations Donations sent to diplomatic offices overseas Period: March 29 to April 10 / Medical assistance team / countries or countries, regions and Location: Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture From regions 126 international organizations 163 Approx. billion yen Jordan Period: April 25 to May 12 / Medical team / international Totalling 8.7 Location: Prefecture and 43 organizations more than17.5 billion yen* Period: March 12 to 23 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Korea,Rep. As of February 6, 2012 As of February 6, 2012 As of December 31, 2011 Location: , Miyagi Prefecture Hachinohe Mexico Period: March 15 to 17 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / 163 countries or regions are... 2 Location: Natori, Miyagi Prefecture 3 Asia South and Central America Middle East Mongolia Period: March 17 to 19 / Rescue team / Location: Natori and , Miyagi Prefecture Bangladesh Mongolia Antigua and Barbuda Haiti Afghanistan Israel Palestine UAE Bhutan Myanmar Argentina Honduras Bahrain Jordan Qatar New Zealand Period: March 16 to 18 / Rescue team / Brunei Darussalam Nepal Bolivia Jamaica Iran Kuwait Saudi Arabia Location: Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture Cambodia Pakistan Brazil Mexico Iraq Oman Turkey Philippines Period: June 28 to July 11 / Medical assistance team / China Philippines Chile Nicaragua Location: Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture Hong Kong Singapore Colombia Panama Africa Iwate Prefecture Russia Period: March 16 to 18 / Rescue team / India Sri Lanka Paraguay Algeria Eritrea Mauritania Sudan Location: Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture Indonesia Taiwan Cuba Peru Botswana Ethiopia Morocco Tanzania Kamaishi Korea, Rep. Thailand Dominican Republic St. Lucia Cameroon Gabon Namibia Togo Singapore Period: March 13 to 15 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Ofunato Timor-Leste Location: Soma, Lao PDR Ecuador St. Vincent and the Grenadines Chad Gambia Niger Tunisia Kesennuma Malaysia Viet Nam El Salvador Suriname Congo, Rep. Ghana Nigeria Uganda Minami- South Africa Period: March 19 to 25 / Rescue team / Location: Iwanuma, Natori, Maldives Grenada Trinidad and Tobago Djibouti Kenya Rwanda Zambia Tagajo and Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture Guatemala Uruguay Egypt Madagascar Senegal Zimbabwe Onagawa Sri Lanka Period: May 12 to June 1 / Recovery assistance team / Guyana Venezuela Equatorial Guinea Mali South Africa Ishinomaki Location: Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture Oceania Australia Papua New Guinea Shiogama Switzerland Period: March 14 to 16 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Europe Location: Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture Fiji Samoa Tagajo Kiribati Solomon Islands Albania Croatia Greece Liechtenstein Norway Sweden Thailand Period: May 8 to June 3 / Medical team / Marshall Islands Tonga Andorra Cyprus Hungary Lithuania Poland Switzerland Miyagi Prefecture Location: Fukushima Prefecture Micronesia Tuvalu Armenia Czech Republic Iceland Luxembourg Portugal Tajikistan Austria Denmark Ireland Macedonia Romania Turkmenistan Turkey Period: March 20 to April 8 / Rescue team / New Zealand Vanuatu Sendai Azerbaijan Estonia Italy Malta Russia Ukraine Location: Tagajo, Ishinomaki and Shichigahama, Miyagi Prefecture Palau Taiwan Natori Belarus Finland Kazakhstan Moldova Serbia UK UK Period: March 15 to 17 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Belgium France Kosovo Monaco Slovak Republic Uzbekistan Taiwan Iwanuma Location: Ofunato and Kamaishi, Iwate Prefecture North America Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Kyrgyz Republic Montenegro Slovenia Vatican USA Period: March 15 to 19 / Rescue team / Rescue dogs / Canada USA Bulgaria Germany Latvia Netherlands Spain Location: Ofunato and Kamaishi, Iwate Prefecture Soma * Donations from NGOs or private individuals are not included. Taiwan Period: March 16 to 18 / Rescue team / Location: Natori and Iwanuma, Miyagi Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture Japanese ODA, a way to repay the sympathy and the belief in us In the wake of the March 2011 earthquake Japan received from the Great East Japan Earthquake into “a powerful many emergency supplies, financial aid or donations, and model for survival” for the people of the world. It is needed messages from international organizations, countries to use our ODA to help countries prepare infrastructure and regions around the globe, reminding us anew of the and systems to withstand natural , to support deep bonds that the country has established with the research into disaster prevention, and to turn the lessons international community. The way to repay that sympathy that Japan has learned into a “global asset” that is shared and belief in us is to make the process of reconstruction by every country in the world. Reconstruction and Disaster Management Support: JICA Case Studies Chile Japan has been visited by many large-scale natural disasters, including earthquakes, , typhoons and floods, and has drawn upon the lessons learned from them to improve disaster management in terms of both equipment and services. Based on this expertise, JICA is providing support to boost the ability of developing countries, where such damage is concentrated, to respond to natural disasters. Turkey China Chile Earthquake and Occurred in February 2010 Bangladesh Caused approximately 800 deaths Society or communities Haiti comprehend the risk of disasters, Prevention Philippines and prepare measures to Disaster Dispatched an expert team to assess struc- tural damage, provided 30 million yen’s worth stave off or reduce damage. Maldives of emergency supplies. Thailand TCP Boosted the capability of the relevant gov- Indonesia ernment offices in Japan and Chile to deal with Geographical distribution of assistance earthquakes and tsunamis, covering a wide (2000--2009) range of fields, including tsunami alerts, earth- The provision of daily and social Measures to swiftly and effectively save Europe 5% quake resistant design for bridges and build- infrastructure and mental care from Recovery lives in the event of a disaster, such as Emergency ings, and psychological care. a mid- and long-term perspective, in and sending Japan Disaster Relief teams or Middle East 8% Reconstruction Response S Drawing upon Japanese and Chilean expe- order that disaster victims can return supplies in response to requests from Africa 2% to everyday life as quickly as possible. the local administration. Chile rience of tsunamis, it is aimed to strengthen South and Central America 13% the defences of regions around the world that Oceania 2% are vulnerable to tsunamis. In the wake of the It is difficult to stave off natural disasters, but it is possible to control risks Asia Great East Japan Earthquake JICA is also study- and reduce damage. Based on a “disaster management cycle” consisting of 70% ing such topics as the improvement of offshore 4 the three stages of “prevention”,“emergency response” and “recovery and tsunami measurements, and the speedy recov- 5 reconstruction”, JICA is working to provide comprehensive support with ery of ports and municipalities in the disaster the aim of improving the way in which society deals with disasters. zone.

Turkey Indonesia Maldives Bangladesh China Haiti

Northwest Turkey Earthquakes Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and Great Sichuan Earthquake Occurred in August and November, 1999 Indian Ocean Tsunami Occurred in May 2008 Caused approximately 20,000 deaths Occurred in December 2004 Caused approximately 70,000 deaths Caused approximately 100 deaths

Dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams (res- Dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams (res- cue teams, medical teams, expert teams and Dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams cue and medical teams), provided 60 million JSDF units), provided 170 million yen’s worth of (medical teams and expert teams), provided 12 yen’s worth of emergency supplies. emergency supplies. million yen’s worth of emergency supplies. TCP TCP GA Cyclone damage in 1987 paralyzed the • Trained people involved in healthcare and • In addition to disaster prevention measures Malé Island capital, so breakwaters were con- education to provide psychological, medi- applied to constructions, an integral measure structed in the south, east and west of Malé cal and educational care for people suffer- was to improve the capabilities of elementa- Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami Island between that year and 2002. Two-thirds ing from stress disorders in the wake of the ry and junior high school teachers involved in of the islands suffered flooding in the Sumatra- earthquake. Occurred in December 2004 education on disaster prevention. Andaman Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsu- • Trained the instructors at the National Earth- • Provided support for coordination between Caused approximately 130,000 deaths nami. However, thanks to these breakwaters, Cyclone Sidr quake Response Support Service in rescue Haiti Earthquake the government offices and research in- Malé Island escaped serious damage and suf- techniques such as how to secure ropes, and Occurred in November 2007 Occurred in January 2010 stitutes who perform seismic observations fered no fatalities. Dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams on how to liaise with the administration af- Caused approximately 222,000 deaths and improved the monitoring system by es- Caused approximately 4,300 deaths (medical teams and JSDF units), provided 25 ter a disaster has struck. tablishing a nationwide seismic observation million yen’s worth of emergency supplies. • Coached architectural design engineers in network. DS Drew up the plan to restore and reconstruct Provided 35 million yen’s worth of emer- technology to make structures earthquake Dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams LA Reinforcement work to make structures like the city of Banda Aceh. gency supplies. resistant. (medical teams and JSDF units), provided 30 the First and Second Bosphorus Bridges resis- TCP Rebuilt damaged schools with an anti- TCP Assisted the improvement of precise mete- million yen’s worth of emergency supplies. tant to earthquakes. earthquake design based on Japanese earth- orological observations and forecasts that make DS Drew up reconstruction plans for Léogâne, * Emergency supplies such as tents were provided after the quake resistance standards, and suggested that effective use of weather radar data. did work to restore the water supply in urban October 2011 Van Earthquake. the design be made the standard for school GA Constructed cyclone shelters to serve as areas, etc. construction. evacuation sites in 119 locations. Also installed T Provided officials and NGO staff with lessons T Technical training, such as in metalwork, early evacuation alarms based on weather ra- learned from the Great Hanshin Earthquake to to revive local industry. Training of human re- dar. More than 300,000 people perished in the strengthen the community links so important sources to rebuild local government. cyclone of 1970 when there were no shelters, in times of disaster. however fatalities caused by Cyclone Sidr in DE Under the trilateral cooperation between * JICA also dispatched Japan Disaster Relief teams and 2007, which followed the same route as the Haiti, Japan and Mexico, dispatched a team of provided technical cooperation for the construction of earthquake resistant housing after the 2006 Java 1970 one, were reduced since people were able Mexican experts to provide instruction in earth- Earthquake and 2009 West Sumatra Padang Earthquake. to evacuate to the shelters. quake-proofing technology.

Emergency disaster relief DS Development study TCP Technical cooperation project T Training DE Dispatch of experts Grant aid LA ODA loan S Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) Reconstruction and Disaster Management Support: JICA Case Studies

Recovery and Reconstruction Prevention

Haiti Helping to rebuild the country after the disaster Indonesia The most important disaster control measure is by drawing up a national development plan to curb and reduce damage

A huge magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Based on the data produced by the sur- based in with its experience of Indonesia is made up of roughly 18,000 to swiftly improve disaster prevention of hazard maps in conjunction with the the Caribbean island nation of Haiti in vey, the “Urgent Rehabilitation and Re- the Great Hanshin Earthquake, learned islands and is located on the Pacific Rim measures in recent years, including the local people. January 2010, devastating its capital of construction Support Project for Haiti” about local cooperation in the wake of a of Fire. It has been visited by countless enactment of the Disaster Management Since the late 1970s JICA’s assistance Port-au-Prince and the surrounding areas. was launched, assisting in the drawing up disaster. With further grant aid, we now natural disasters, including earthquakes Law in 2007. has been provided for the drawing up However, the frailty of its governmental of a reconstruction plan that would form plan to start work on roads and a water and volcanic eruptions. The past decade Geographical conditions mean that natu- of a basic disaster prevention plan with organizations means that no progress is the foundation of post-reconstruction supply network in Léogâne. alone has seen a series of large-scale nat- ral disasters are unavoidable, so for Indo- regard to , one of the being made in recovery and reconstruc- nation building. JICA also set up 12 com- ural disasters, such as the 2004 Sumatra- nesia it is essential to adopt appropriate world’s most active volcanoes, as well tion. munal taps located at schools in Léogâne Andaman Earthquake and Indian Ocean precautionary measures before disasters as the construction of sediment control as a measure to restore emergency infra- Tsunami, the 2006 Java Earthquake, the occur, and to plan to curb and reduce dams and training dikes*. These employ Assistance in drawing up reconstruc- structure aimed at putting people’s daily 2009 West Sumatra Padang Earthquake, damage. Japan has experienced many a technique also used at Mount Unzen in tion plans with a mid- and long-term perspective lives back in order, and worked with JEN, and the 2010 Merapi Eruption. These natural disasters and JICA is sharing Japa- Nagasaki, Japan, for example, to not only a Japanese NGO active in the same area, have caused tremendous damage to peo- nese know-how with the Central Indo- capture and control sediment gen- Three days after the earthquake, JICA in health education activities to prevent ple’s lives. The Indonesian government nesian government and at the regional erated by the eruption but also to guide dispatched the Japan Disaster Relief the spread of infectious diseases such as has responded by launching measures and local community level to promote it to safe open spaces outside of the riv- team to provide medical assistance in cholera. improvements in their disaster preven- ers by constructing training dikes in their Photo by Kenshiro Imamura Kenshiro by Photo Léogâne, the town closest to the epicen- JICA Hyogo and the Disaster Reduction tion capabilities. lower reaches. ter. In February we participated in a sur- and Human Renovation Institution col- JICA has also been providing assistance Strengthening the community vey of needs held jointly by international laborated in running training courses. for measures to build a country that can to withstand disasters organizations and focusing on mid- and Administrators, local government offi- JICA experts discuss the installation of withstand natural disasters at the na- long-term recovery and reconstruction. cials and NGO staff came to Japan and, communal taps at schools in Léogâne Most of the houses in Jogjakarta, the epi- tional level, such as the drawing up of 6 center of the 2006 Java Earthquake, were a national disaster prevention plan and 7 simple brick constructions so more than disaster prevention plans for areas that 100,000 homes collapsed and as many are vulnerable to disaster, boosting the The local government plays the main role in drawing up a hazard map as 400 schools and public health centers capabilities of administrative officials, were completely or partially destroyed. building early warning systems for specif- Emergency Response As part of the reconstruction work, JICA ic disasters such as and tsuna- has been supporting the spread of small mis, and improving monitoring capabili- one-storey dwellings that take earth- ties. Via Science and Technology Research quake resistance into account. In several Partnership for Sustainable Development Thailand “Saving lives” with a swift and effective response locations within the area damaged by the (SATREPS), JICA is currently working on West Sumatra Padang Earthquake JICA creating comprehensive disaster preven- to disasters also rebuilt schools based on an earth- tion measures to cover earthquakes, tsu- A sediment dam constructed on quake-resistant design as well as work- namis and volcanic eruptions. Mount Merapi ing on projects such as the drawing up * Dikes to control the flow of volcanic debris Starting in July 2011, Thailand experi- tal of Bangkok and Ayutthaya with its Earthquake, and the Ministry of Land, In- enced the kind of heavy rainfall that only many industrial estates, suffered damage. frastructure, Transport and and comes once in every 50 years or so. From JICA responded by sending emergency Japanese companies worked with local October there was large-scale flooding in supplies such as tents and water purifiers engineers to drain away floodwater. This Northern and Central Thailand, and 62 of on October 14. JICA also later provided has contributed to the lowering of the ■ ASEAN ■ Philippines the country’s provinces, including its capi- emergency supplies such as life-jackets, water level in disaster areas such as the temporary toilets and outboard motors Ayutthaya industrial estates where more Birth of a regional disaster prevention base Disaster control measures drawing upon the lessons in accordance with local needs. than 400 Japanese companies are based. of the Great East Japan Earthquake As the experience of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and Indian Since October 19 a JICA survey team Japanese drainage pump cars Ocean Tsunami taught, “natural disasters are not limited by national Philippines has been struck by many natural disasters, such as the 1991 has been holding a series of discussions deployed to lower water levels boundaries when they occur”. Thus the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for eruption of , and JICA is providing aid to boost the with Thai government officials to con- in industrial estates Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (known as the AHA capabilities of the Philippine Institute of and Seismology, sider revisions to the master plan of the Centre) was set up in November 2011 as a way to plan countermeasures which monitors earthquakes and volcanoes. In order to make good use On October 26 JICA sent a team of Jap- “Comprehensive Chao Phraya River Basin for the ASEAN region. This centre acts to facilitate coordination on disas- in this project of the lessons learned in the Great East Japan Earthquake, anese experts specializing in disaster Flood Control Plan Survey” drawn up by ter prevention measures in the ASEAN region and, as the host country, JICA interviewed earthquake victims who are Philippine nationals living prevention measures at waterworks, JICA between 1996 and 1999. A survey Indonesia is cooperating in such initiatives as disaster control measures, in East Japan, and videoed 51 Filipinos talking about their experiences subways and airports to advise on how was launched in December to draw up responses to disasters and reconstruc- of the earthquake and tsunami, and to protect the infrastructure of such fa- new countermeasures against floods that tion. Japan has dispatched experts to will make the recordings into a dis- cilities from floodwater. They took with takes into account such factors as rapid the AHA Center secretariat to provide aster prevention training DVD. It is know-how about disaster prevention Pumping operations guided by Japanese them 10 drainage pump cars that had urbanization and industrialization, and planned to use it in our projects as an engineers and using drainage pump cars also been used after the Great East Japan changing weather patterns. measures in Japan and assistance for educational tool to teach about disas- disaster prevention in developing ter prevention. countries, and to share information about disaster prevention. Message

The global economic recovery today remains fragile and uncertain, and as pressures from high energy and food prices show us, it is the poorest that are hurting most. The World Bank estimates that since June 2010, food price hikes have pushed an extra 44 million people into extreme poverty, with global food prices remaining 33 percent higher than a year ago.

This is why there is no room for complacency and why, now more than ever, international leadership is so important. Japan historically has been and continues to be such a leader.

The World Bank has renewed its focus on helping the most vulnerable people, creating opportunities for growth, promoting global collective action on public goods issues, strengthening governance as well as managing and preparing for crises. At the same time, Japan has renewed its commitment to the multi-lateral approach and the positive results it brings to so many people of the world. Sri Mulyani Indrawati Managing Director The response to the devastating earthquake and tsunami of March 11 provided inspiration to us all. The resilience and strength of the Japanese people under such World Bank Group trying circumstances led to an outpouring of goodwill not just from developed countries, but from developing countries as well, in appreciation of Japan’s contribution in their time of need. Sri Mulyani Indrawati, Managing Director, joined the World Bank in June 2010. Prior to the position, she has served as Indonesia’s These events serve as a stark reminder of unpredictable dangers posed by natural Minister of Finance. Her earlier positions disasters, and the need to mitigate and plan for these risks clearly indicating include Coordinating Minister of Economic Japan’s role in leading the way on disaster prevention. The disaster risk reduction Affairs, Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund, and faculty member at the agenda has been a priority for the World Bank and its partners, and we are University of Indonesia. She obtained her currently working with Japanese counterparts to learn from and share Japan’s Ph.D. in Economics from the University of experience. Illinois.

Japan has been an influential and reliable partner for the World Bank in these efforts with a common commitment to poverty reduction. Japan stresses the importance of working collaboratively with others to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by strongly supporting critical issues such as health and climate change.

As the second largest shareholder and one of the largest contributors to trust funds at the World Bank, Japan’s own development experience in the post- war period has been an inspiration to member countries wishing to emulate its success.

In 2012, Japan will host the Annual Meetings for the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund. We are grateful and encouraged that Japan has not lost its enthusiasm to help the world, and look forward to further enhancing our partnership on important global issues.

March 2012