ACHIEVEMENTS OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT October 2005 to March 2011 Edited by RAJENDRA DOBHAL KIRTI JOSHI DP UNIYAL Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST) 6, Vasant Vihar, Phase-I, Supported by Dehradun – 248 006 (Uttarakhand) Ph. 0135-2762759, 2762766 (O) Printed & Produced by M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology 2761063(Fax); email:
[email protected] 23 A New Connaught Place, Dehradun THE AUTHORS Dr. Rajendra Dobhal is the Director General, UCOST Dr. Kirti Joshi is Project Scientist, UCOST Dr. D.P. Uniyal is Sr. Scientific Officer, UCOST This book has been published by UCOST, 06 Vasant Vihar, Phase-I, Dehra Dun Copyright © 2011 UCOST All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. PREFACE Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology initiates, supports, promotes and coordinates R&D projects and programmes (including demonstration projects) which are relevant for the achievement of specific objectives and problems of the state. The state being rich in biodiversity, these projects particularly help in the optimum utilization of the natural resources of the state. Since its inception several projects were funded by the council. These projects are from various disciplines like botany, zoology, chemistry, biotechnology, nanotechnology, engineering, mathematics and physics etc. Consequently this book represents a collection of selected Research and Development projects being supported by UCOST since last six years. Our motivation for compiling this text was to provide a snapshot of the type of projects being undertaken by the scientific community of the state.