Shorter Notes Short cis Maint a t Daltulichf so , Nairnshire by Richard Milne, Margaret F Bruce and N W Kerr CIST On 9th February 1970 a short cist was discovered whilst ploughing a field on the farm The Mains of Daltulich, Nairnside (NGR 734421). The cist was at the edge of the field on a ridge abov Rivee eth NE-SWry Nairla d nan . thickn i capstonee beed 4 Th ha s , n tiltewa d , dwhican intn e i oth h7 3 measure y b n i 2 d5 grave considerablA . e amoun t int cise go f eartoth d to t d whican h ha n i h0 2 measure y b n i 9 d3 consiste flooe earts sandth d dee n wa ri fouf hd an do 9 p .an 1 r Onl s slabswa y t humaI . n remains ) M werR ( . e foundNE e heae th th ,o dt

SKELETAL REMAINS e skeletoTh robusa thas ni f o t t malthirtiesd mi e s somhi . Thern i e 16d tals m ei 0an c l evidenco n f moreo e thaindividuale non skulle Th . , although friable wels i , l preserved except for the right maxillary region, the bones thick apart from marked thinning in the occipital region profiln I . skule eth relativelys li witw lo hflattene a d occiput, while from abov broads i t ei , greatese th t width parieta e levebeine th th f t lo g a l eminences face shors ei .Th broad d an e t Th . vertebra ribd representee ean sar d onl fragmenty yb s pelvie atlas e excepaxisd th th f an r s O . fo t there remains onl e righyth t acetabulum wit he superio th par f o t r pubisramue th f o s, small fragment iliae th cf o bladess lefe , parth t f acetabululefe o t th t f greateo d man r sciatic notch. e lonTh g limbe bone th robuse f ar so t s damaged bu t hane food th , dan t representee th y db right and left calcaneum and talus, the right cuboid and several phalanges. The femur shows a well-defined linea aspera and no marked torsion. The anterior crest of the left tibia is markedly diverted laterally. Measurements of the skull in mm Maximum cranial length 192 Transverse cranial arc 323 Maximum cranial breadth 151 Frontal arc 138 Minimum frontal breadth 105 Parietal arc 132 Basibregmatic height 134 Occipital arc 126 Auricular height 125 Foramen magnum: A.P. diameter 33 Maximum cranial circumference 541 transverse 23 Face Total cranial facial height 114 Biorbital breadth 109 Upper cranial facial height 70 Nasal height 48, breadth 26? Basinasal length 104 Simotir chord 9 Basialveolar length 103 Palatal lengt , breadth51 h 42 Maximum bizygomatic breadth 135? Foramen mentalia breadth 46 Bimaxillary breadth 98 Minimum ramus breadth (right) 36 Orbital breadth, Right 42 Left 3 4 Maximum projective mand. Length 118 Orbital height, Right — Left 32 Coronoid height 62 284 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1971-2 Measurements of limb bonesmm in Humerus, right: maximu 5 31 mFemur lengt, hleft : anteroposterior7 diamete2 r Femur, right: maximu 5 40 m length transvers4 3 e diameter bicondyla 7 40 Tibiar lengt, hleft : anteroposterior5 diamete3 r anteroposterior diamete 8 2 r transvers5 2 e diameter transvers3 e3 diameter Indices Cranial index 78-6 Upper facial index 51-9 Gnathic index 99-8 Length-height index 69-8 Nasal index 55-3 Breadth-height index 88-7 Orbital index, right 73-8 Femur shaf4 8 t index Total facial index 84-4 left 74-4 Tibia shaft index 71 Estimated cranial capacity 1650 ±30 cc (Lee 1901)

Sex. Male hook-shapee Th . d sciatic notch strone th , g muscle marking longe th f so bones , and the heavy markings of the skull, particularly the supraorbital ridges and the strong mastoid processes, are all characteristically male-type. Skeletal age. Probably abou middle th t e thirties occipitosphenoidae th s A . l sutur fuses ei d addition i epiphysee th lone o nt th gf so bones estimatn mada ,e b n e eca onl craniay yb l suture closure. The sagittal suture shows externally some fusion beginning in the obelical and bregmatic zones but internally is largely fused in the region of the bregma and vertex, though not, as might expectee b obelione th t coronade a Th . l sutur almoss ei t completely fused nea pterioe rth n both endo- and ecto-cranially. The lambdoid suture shows little fusion externally but is well advanced internally applicatioe Th . f Wingatno e Todd's detailed analysi f malso e white American skulls suggests that a balance should be struck between the early and late thirties (Todd and Lyon 1924; 1925). Height. Both Manouvrier's Tables (1892) and those of Trotter and Gleser (1952) for expected maximum statur when ei giv2 nt f efigur calculatea 5 r f 157-o eo m 5c d fro femure mth . humerue Th s give greatesa fron i respective rm6 th estimatet f 5 d e an tablesd n i height 4 t .f 5 , Teeth. usualle Th y fine conditio teete th sucn hf i n o h interment s attractesha d attention tha o extensive s th t e oral sepsi seemen thin si sma d worth more detailed examination) B F M ( .

DENTAL REPORT The mandible thamals a i f o te with well-formed muscle attachments, matchin maxille gth a in sizarticulationd ean . 654 \l The teeth presene ar t 8 654321 /12345678' remainine Th g teet beed hha n lost post mortem possibilitexcepe th r fo t ——f yo . Abscesses

0*7 if: are apparent on ——. The teeth show evidence of extensive attrition with a very much flattened occlusal plane. There is occlusal evidence of secondary dentine formation in all incisor and first molar teeth. Cervical carie s presen i se lowe th n ri t mola re typica regionth f o d thil s an si cervicas l variety belo contace wth t point whic sees hi olden ni r skulls with extensive attrition supe Th .- porting bone conditio excellens ni showd an t s evidenc f gooeo d respons functioe th o et n that was demande . Therit f do radiographis e i c evidenc f gooeo d bone reactio inflammatore th o nt y SHORTE5 R NOTE28 | S apican a d llowee an areaabsces th w n rja s o apparens si lowee th n ro trigh t incisor whict no s hi apparen clinican o t l examination assessmenn .A age,e th f determineo t degree th y attritiof deb o n assuming tha datee th t f eruptioo s teete similae th hmoderar f n i no s a r n man, would givn ea approximat mid-thirtiese th n i e eag . Summary agen skule dma Th thaa s approximateli l f o t y thirt thirty-eigho yt t years apparens i t I . t he suffered a good deal of dental pain during his latter years and it is not outside the bounds of possibility that he died of an extension of oral sepsis from the upper right molar region. Chronic abscesses are apparent on three teeth in the lower jaw and X-rays indicate that the infection was well controlled locall thesn yi e areas and, although pain must have been considerableo n , systemic involvemen likels i t havo yt e occurred similaA . r appearanc observes ei uppee th n di r left molar regiot appeari d molae nan son r toot bees hha n exfoliate thin di s area, shortly before death uppee Th . r right mola rappearanc e regioth s nha f activeo e infectios time hi th f eo t a n death. One would assume his diet consisted of coarse grain material - possibly grain or shell fish die - tbot whicf ho h would contain some abrasive material, though thi itseln si f woult dno be necessary to cause the amount of attrition - tough fibrous food entailing an excess of mastica- tion could account for this amount of wear. The extent of the attrition on some of his teeth has obviously been too rapid for the dental tissues to regenerate, and exposure of the pulp has taken place, resulting in infection and abscess formation. This has occurred mostly on the teeth that have been present in the mouth for the longest period, namely the first molar teeth and also e loweon r incisors suffereha e H d. fro me typica th caries t f extensivo t lthino s i s bu ,i s d ean cervical pattern that occurred from teeth that suffered extensive attritio d abrasionnan s Hi . periodontal or gum condition is of a high order as would be expected considering the function that would be demanded of his particular diet. (N W K)

REFERENCES Lee A ,190 1 problee 'Datth r af evolutiofo m- VI o firsn A : t Ma correlatio e studn ni th f e yo th f no human skull', Philosophical Trans Roy Soc Land, 196 A (1901), 225-64. Manouvrier, M 1892 'Memoire sur la determination de la taille d'apres les grandes os des memberes', Mem Soc d'Anthropol, Paris, 1892. Todd, T Wingate and Lyon, D W 1924 'Cranial suture closure, part I', AmerJPhys Anthropol, 1 (1924), 325-83. Todd, T Wingate and Lyon, D W 1925 'Cranial suture closure, part II', AmerJPhys Anthropol, 8 (1925), 23-5 Trotter, M and Gleser, G C 1952 'Estimation of stature from long bones', Amer J Phys Anthropol, 10 (1952), 463-514.