Draft Mansard Roof Guidance 201115
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION NOTES.Pdf
10/21/2014 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION RIO HONDO TRUCK ACADEMY Why do firefighters need to know about Building Construction???? We must understand Building Construction to help us understand the behavior of buildings under fire conditions. Having a fundamental knowledge of buildings is an essential component of the decisiondecision--makingmaking process in successful fireground operations. We have to realize that newer construction methods are not in harmony with fire suppression operations. According to NFPA 1001: Standard for FireFighter Professional Qualifications Firefighter 1 Level ––BasicBasic Construction of doors, windows, and walls and the operation of doors, windows, and locks ––IndicatorsIndicators of potential collapse or roof failure ––EffectsEffects of construction type and elapsed time under fire conditions on structural integrity 1 10/21/2014 NFPA 1001 Firefighter 2 Level ––DangerousDangerous building conditions created by fire and suppression activities ––IndicatorsIndicators of building collapse ––EffectsEffects of fire and suppression activities on wood, masonry, cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete, gypsum wallboard, glass and plaster on lath Money, Money, Money….. Everything comes down to MONEY, including building construction. As John Mittendorf says “ Although certain types of building construction are currently popular with architects, modern practices will be inevitably be replaced by newer, more efficient, more costcost--effectiveeffective methods ”” Considerations include: ––CostCost of Labor ––EquipmentEquipment -
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard They All Taxed For You: Shotguns, Camelbacks and More The Louvre in Paris, the Cabildo and Presbytère in the French Quarter, 1960s motor hotels, Lake Avenue apartments and early “Popeye’s Fried Chicken” outlets have what in common? The answer, of course, is the Mansard roof. After all, what exemplifies this architectural style more faithfully than Hawaiian black lava rock topped with red synthetic roof tiles? Architects and the late Al Copeland may have disagreed on this subject, but the history of the Mansard is still most interesting. The Mansard roof refers to a type of hip roof with two slopes on each of its four sides with the lower slope being much steeper, virtually vertical. The upper slope is usually not visible from the ground and is pitched just enough to shed water. For all intents and purposes, this is an additional story disguised as a roof. Sometimes, for decorative effect, the pitch is curved with impressive dormers. In modern commercial construction, the upper pitch has often been substituted with a flat roof. The Cabildo in New Orleans Mansard elevation, 1868 The architect, Francois Mansart (1598 - 1666), popularized the roof style known as Mansard, a misspelling of his name. The central portico of the Richelieu Wing of the Louvre is a fine example. In the years that French houses were taxed by the number of floors beneath the roof, the Mansard style afforded a clever way to avoid paying the tax collector. A revival of Mansard occurred in the 1850s rebuilding of Paris, and that era is called Second Empire. -
Glossary of Architectural Terms Apex
Glossary of Architectural Terms Apex: The highest point or peak in the gable Column: A vertical, cylindrical or square front. supporting member, usually with a classical Arcade: A range of spaces supported on piers capital. or columns, generally standing away from a wall Coping: The capping member of a wall or and often supporting a roof or upper story. parapet. Arch: A curved construction that spans an Construction: The act of adding to a structure opening and supports the weight above it. or the erection of a new principal or accessory Awning: Any roof like structure made of cloth, structure to a property or site. metal, or other material attached to a building Cornice: The horizontal projecting part crowning and erected over a window, doorway, etc., in the wall of a building. such a manner as to permit its being raised or Course: A horizontal layer or row of stones retracted to a position against the building, when or bricks in a wall. This can be projected or not in use. recessed. The orientation of bricks can vary. Bay: A compartment projecting from an exterior Cupola: A small structure on top of a roof or wall containing a window or set of windows. building. Bay Window: A window projecting from the Decorative Windows: Historic windows that body of a building. A “squared bay” has sides at possess special architectural value, or contribute right angles to the building; a “slanted bay” has to the building’s historic, cultural, or aesthetic slanted sides, also called an “octagonal” bay. If character. Decorative windows are those with segmental or semicircular in plan, it is a “bow” leaded glass, art glass, stained glass, beveled window. -
Truss-Facts-Book.Pdf
TRUSS FACTS BOOK CONTENTS WHAT IS A TRUSS? 2 THE EVOLUTION OF TRUSSES 3 THE UNIVERSAL TRUSS PLATE 5 TRUSS TERMS 6 TRUSS NUMBERING SYSTEM 8 TRUSS SHAPES 9 TRUSS SYSTEMS 12 GABLE END 12 HIP 12 DUTCH HIP 14 GIRDER AND SADDLE 15 SPECIAL TRUSS SYSTEMS 16 CANTILEVER 17 TRUSS DESIGN 18 TRUSS ANALYSIS 18 TRUSS LOADING COMBINATION & LOAD DURATION 18 LOAD DURATION 18 DESIGN OF TRUSS MEMBERS 18 WEBS 18 CHORDS 19 MODIFICATION FACTORS USED IN DESIGN 19 STANDARD & COMPLEX DESIGN 19 BASIC TRUSS MECHANICS 20 TENSION 20 COMPRESSION 20 BENDING 20 DEFLECTION 21 TRUSS ACTION 21 DESIGN LOADS 22 LIVE LOADS 22 WIND LOAD 23 TERRAIN CATEGORIES 24 SEISMIC LOADS 24 TRUSS HANDLING AND ERECTION 25 MULTINAIL CONNECTOR PLATES 26 MULTI GRIPS 26 TRIPLE GRIPS 26 EASY FIX GIRDER BRACKETS 26 INTERNAL WALL BRACKETS 26 TRUSS BOOTS 26 ANTI TWIST TRUSS BOOTS 26 PURLIN STRAPS 27 CYCLONE TIES 27 JOIST HANGERS 27 STUD TIES 27 STRAP NAILS 27 FLAT TENSION BRACING 27 STEELWOOD JOISTS 28 MULTISTRUT JOISTS 29 © MULTINAIL 1 TRUSS FACTS BOOK WHAT IS A TRUSS? A ‘truss’ is formed when structural members are joined together in triangular configurations. The truss is one of the basic types of structural frames formed from structural members. A truss consists of a group of ties and struts designed and connected to form a structure which acts as a large span beam. The members usually form one or more triangles in a single plane and are arranged so that the external loads are applied at the joints and theoretically cause only axial tension or axial compression in the members. -
Roof and Gutter De-Icing Cable
ROOF AND GUTTER DE-ICING CABLE Design and Installation Guide Industrial Residential CommeWhat are Ice Dams? How Ice Dams are formed 1 Rising heat from the house melts the blanket of snow and ice on the roof from the bottom up, sending water trickling down the roof. 2 When water arrives at the cold eaves, it refreezes and forms a dam, preventing drainage. 3 Water is trapped behind the dam and backs up under the shingles. 4 The melted water can leak into the house through the windows or ceiling Snowmelt Principles and Application: Electrical Heat Trace Cable is intended to provide drain paths for the melted or flowing water to be carried away from the roof, gutters, and down spouts. This system is not intended to provide a snow free surface. Roofs in General Sun and building heat combine to melt accumulated snow at the roof/snow interface. Snow is porous and allows water to flow. Ice is not porous and will trap water. Water will flow as long as the roof surface stays above freezing. When the water runs to the roof edge it freezes, starting an “ice dam” that continues to grow and trap more water, leading to leakage problems. The objective of a snowmelt system is to ensure the water is drained off and not allowed to freeze at the roof edge forming a dam. Gutter Damage from Ice The water that enters into your rain gutters can freeze and build up an enormous amount of weight many times causing water to leak into soffits and entering into the building. -
Gutter System Installation Standards Product Specification
Gutter System Installation Standards Product Specification Property of: Spectra Metal Sales Gutters and Leaf Protection Introduction A Rain Gutter System starts with a trough, called a gutter, which collects rainwater from the roofline of a house and diverts it away from the structure, using elbows and downspouts. • The purpose of this diversion is to prevent water flow off the roof edge which can cause structural damage over time to the walls and/or foundation of a house. • The gutter system is more important to the exterior of your home than the actual paint, siding, or even windows, because it protects your home from rot, mold, mildew, and flooding. • This water damage, without a gutter system, occurs slowly, spreads quickly, and is unnoticeable until the damage repair is substantial. • For your gutter system to work properly, it must be able to empty out the water faster than it fills up. In order to ensure the proper flow of water, a few are vital to the success of the overall gutter system: 1) Seamless gutters 2) Gutter and downspout sizing 3) Slope or pitch of gutter 4) Downspout placement 5) Keeping the gutters debris free 6) Using quality parts and accessories 2 Gutter Specifications Scope of Guide A) The Rain-carrying system consists of all necessary components to complete installation with products manufactured or endorsed for use by Spectra Metal Sales. System Components A) Gutters shall be made of 3105-H24 aluminum and shall be continuous and seamless with a minimum thickness gauge of .032” or .027” (+/- .002” nominal). B) All pre-painted components will have an approved SMS Finish and Color. -
Technical Bulletin No.7 Roofline Installation Details
technical bulletin No.7 Roofline Installation Details This technical bulletin is intended to provide you with a brief overview of the popular products in Kestrel’s Roofline range, where they can be used and the main criteria for installation. Typical Eaves Details K16 Fascia & 9mm Vented Soffit Eaves Protector Fascia Installation Details Pre-Installation Considerations Preparation: • All access and works to comply with current and relevant Health & Safety and Construction Design Management Regulation recommendations. Stainless Steel Polytop Fixings 2 x 65mm @ 600mm Centres • Clear work area in-line with best practice before starting work, ensuring safe scaffolding access is available. 803 Vented Soffit Stainless Steel Polytop Fixings 10mm Air gap 1 x 40mm @ 600mm Centres • Remove first row of roof tiles where necessary. • Remove all existing fascia / soffit materials. K22 Fascia & 9mm Vented Soffit • Replace any un-sound / rotten timber or felt and treat rafter ends with preservative. • Maintain air path for roof ventilation. Eaves Protector Installation considerations Installation considerations are intended to provide you with need- to-know information for the core processes of product installation. They are not intended as an exhaustive installation guide. The information presented will provide you with a valuable resource when assessing how best to use our products in your selected application. Stainless Steel Polytop Fixings 2 x 65mm @ 600mm Centres Fascia 803 Vented Soffit 692 Soffit Channel Fit directly to rafter ends using polytop nails, 2 per fixing centre max 10mm Air gap 600mm centres - 65mm nails. Austenitic stainless steel (Grade A4 KB16 Fascia & 9mn Vented Soffit BS6105). Fascia is capable of load bearing in relation to light weight gutters and the first row of roof tiles (Eaves Tiles). -
Roof Truss – Fact Book
Truss facts book An introduction to the history design and mechanics of prefabricated timber roof trusses. Table of contents Table of contents What is a truss?. .4 The evolution of trusses. 5 History.... .5 Today…. 6 The universal truss plate. 7 Engineered design. .7 Proven. 7 How it works. 7 Features. .7 Truss terms . 8 Truss numbering system. 10 Truss shapes. 11 Truss systems . .14 Gable end . 14 Hip. 15 Dutch hip. .16 Girder and saddle . 17 Special truss systems. 18 Cantilever. .19 Truss design. .20 Introduction. 20 Truss analysis . 20 Truss loading combination and load duration. .20 Load duration . 20 Design of truss members. .20 Webs. 20 Chords. .21 Modification factors used in design. 21 Standard and complex design. .21 Basic truss mechanics. 22 Introduction. 22 Tension. .22 Bending. 22 Truss action. .23 Deflection. .23 Design loads . 24 Live loads (from AS1170 Part 1) . 24 Top chord live loads. .24 Wind load. .25 Terrain categories . 26 Seismic loads . 26 Truss handling and erection. 27 Truss fact book | 3 What is a truss? What is a truss? A “truss” is formed when structural members are joined together in triangular configurations. The truss is one of the basic types of structural frames formed from structural members. A truss consists of a group of ties and struts designed and connected to form a structure that acts as a large span beam. The members usually form one or more triangles in a single plane and are arranged so the external loads are applied at the joints and therefore theoretically cause only axial tension or axial compression in the members. -
Conservation Area Loft Conversion
Conservation area loft conversion The vast majority of loft conversions Econoloft build fall within permitted development, which means they don’t need planning permission. However, there are exceptions and one of these is if your property sits within a conservation area. The statutory definition of a conservation area is, 'an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.’ While living in such an area offers may benefits, a downside is the restrictions that can be placed on householders who want to develop their home. Econoloft apply for planning permission on your behalf Planning permission essentially means you must have the consent from your local authority before you start building. Every local authority is different when it comes to granting (or not granting permission) which is why, any home within a conservation area or an area of outstanding natural beauty should work with an experienced company like Econoloft. We will do all the paperwork on your behalf and liaise with the relevant personnel to ensure a swift and positive resolution. The Parkington’s live in a conservation area and relied on Econoloft to secure planning for their master bedroom ensuite. They said: “We were fortunate to select Econoloft to carry out the conversion and they demonstrated their expertise from the outset. They really knew their stuff when it came to the planning process. They helped us though the process and thankfully it was relatively simple.” Your Econoloft loft conversion in a conservation area should complement the neighbourhood Planners will be concerned that any alteration to your property does not have a negative impact, not just on your own home, but the street scene and the area overall. -
Living Tradition Adding to Our Heritage with More Homes and Sustainable Intensification Living Tradition
Create Streets Briefing Paper August 2021 Samuel Hughes Living tradition Adding to our heritage with more homes and sustainable intensification Living Tradition Foreword by Christopher Boyle QC Former Chairman of the Georgian Group (2015-2020) The mansard is one of the defining features of the Georgian and Victorian skyline. In eighteenth and nineteenth century Britain, the right of property owners to add mansards went without question: the idea that local governments would one day forbid them would have been viewed with puzzlement. The form of mansards was, however, tightly controlled by a series of Building Acts which governed their height, inclines and materials, as well as regulating their parapets, party walls, chimney stacks and dormers. These regulations led to a distinctive British tradition of mansard design, readily distinguished from those of France or Germany. This fascinating report proposes that we allow this great tradition to be revived. On terraces on which some of the buildings have mansards already, owners of the remaining buildings would enjoy a presumption in favour of permission to add new ones, provided that they followed a design guide ensuring that the new mansards conformed to the best traditions of historic mansard design. On terraces on which none of the buildings have mansards yet, residents would be able to vote for the right to add them, with the same proviso. It is profoundly important that we cherish our architectural heritage, a cause on which I worked during my five years as Chairman of the Georgian Group. Cherishing this heritage involves fighting the demolition of historic buildings, just as it involves fighting alterations that would damage their character. -
ROOFS a Guide to Alterations and Extensions on Domestic Buildings
PLEASE NOTE The Unitary Development Plan (UDP) policies and planning, building control and other legislation and regulations referred to in the text of this guide were current at the time of publication. Because this guidance is an electronic version of the printed guidance as approved and adopted, these references have NOT been changed. For ease of contact; names, telephone numbers and locations have been regarded as non-material editorial changes and have been updated. As UDP policies and government legislation may have changed over time, before carrying out any work, it is recommended that you consult the current UDP http://www.westminster.gov.uk/planningandlicensing/udp/index.cfm for policy revisions and you may wish to check with planning and/or building control officers about your proposals. ROOFS A Guide to Alterations and Extensions on Domestic Buildings c:\documents and settings\chris\my documents\webspgs\roofsweb.doc\0 26/11/2004 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Legislation 3. History 4. Unitary Development Plan Policies 5. The Design Of Roof Alterations and Extensions Setting Out General Rules Party Wall Upstands Cornices, Parapets and Balustrades Roof Coverings Parapet Gutters Chimney Stacks and Pots Dormer Windows: Number and Positioning Dormer Design Rooflights Fire Escapes Roof Level Plant Pipework Roof Terraces End of Terrace Projections from the Building Line 6. Special Cases Semi-Detached Houses With Parapets Overhanging and Gabled Roofs Gaps Between Buildings Butterfly Roofs 7. Contracts 8. Other Guidance c:\documents and settings\chris\my documents\webspgs\roofsweb.doc\0 26/11/2004 1. INTRODUCTION Alterations and extensions are often necessary to modernise, adapt, enlarge or extend the life of a building. -
Air in (Intake Vents). Air out (Exhaust Vents). That's Attic Ventilation in A
Air in (intake vents). Air out (exhaust vents). That’s attic ventilation in a nutshell. But it’s not always that simple depending on the complexity of the roof’s configuration. We asked roofing contractors who attend our best practices in residential attic ventilation seminars: "What roofs are the most challenging to properly ventilate and why?" These roofers did not design the houses, nor did they build them. But they were hired to replace the roofs and address the attic ventilation. To help fight potentially damaging heat and moisture buildup inside an attic as well as ice dams in cold climates, attic ventilation should be a balanced system of intake vents (in the soffit/overhang or low on the roof) and exhaust vents (at or near the roof’s peak). The following types of roofs were identified as particularly challenging to achieve balanced attic ventilation. As you’re about to read, roofing contractors do the best with the cards they’ve been dealt. FROM LEFT: Hip roof with hip ridge vents diagonally; hip roof with power fan; hip roof with ridge vents both horizontally and diagonally. Hip Roofs A “hip roof” has limited or no horizontal roof peak (ridge) but does have multiple diagonal “hips.” Hip roofs often have elevation changes from the peak of one portion of the roof to the next portion below. Roofing contractors refer to it as a “cut up roof.” One of the reasons this roof type is challenging is its design does not automatically allow the use of horizontal ridge vents for exhaust. Many contractors prefer and are accustomed to using horizontal ridge vents.