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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION NOTES.Pdf
10/21/2014 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION RIO HONDO TRUCK ACADEMY Why do firefighters need to know about Building Construction???? We must understand Building Construction to help us understand the behavior of buildings under fire conditions. Having a fundamental knowledge of buildings is an essential component of the decisiondecision--makingmaking process in successful fireground operations. We have to realize that newer construction methods are not in harmony with fire suppression operations. According to NFPA 1001: Standard for FireFighter Professional Qualifications Firefighter 1 Level ––BasicBasic Construction of doors, windows, and walls and the operation of doors, windows, and locks ––IndicatorsIndicators of potential collapse or roof failure ––EffectsEffects of construction type and elapsed time under fire conditions on structural integrity 1 10/21/2014 NFPA 1001 Firefighter 2 Level ––DangerousDangerous building conditions created by fire and suppression activities ––IndicatorsIndicators of building collapse ––EffectsEffects of fire and suppression activities on wood, masonry, cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete, gypsum wallboard, glass and plaster on lath Money, Money, Money….. Everything comes down to MONEY, including building construction. As John Mittendorf says “ Although certain types of building construction are currently popular with architects, modern practices will be inevitably be replaced by newer, more efficient, more costcost--effectiveeffective methods ”” Considerations include: ––CostCost of Labor ––EquipmentEquipment -
Gable Shed Building Guide by John Shank, Owner of Shedking, LLC 2016
Shedking's Gable Shed Building Guide by John Shank, owner of shedking, LLC 2016 This shed building guide should be used in conjunction with the gable shed plans available at my website shedking.net . These sheds can be used to build storage sheds, chicken coops, playhouses, tiny houses, garden sheds and much more! I have tried to make this guide as simple as possible, and I have tried to make my building plans as comprehensive and easy as possible to follow and understand. If at any time anything presented in the plans or building guide is not clear to you please contact me at [email protected]. As I always advise, please get a building permit and have your plans inspected and gone over by your local building inspector. Many counties in the United States do not require a permit for structures under a certain square footage, but it is still very wise to get the advise of your local building department no matter what the size of the structure. Email: [email protected] 1 Copyright 2016shedking.net If after purchasing a set of my plans and you want to know if they are good for your county, I won't be able to answer that question! All my plans are written utilizing standard building practices, but I cannot write my plans so that they satisfy every local building code. Safety is and should be your number one concern when building any outdoor structure. Table of Contents Disclaimer....................................................................................................................3 Wooden Shed Floor Construction.....................................................................................4 -
The Solar Updraft Tower : Das Aufwindkraftwerk Motivation and Concept - Text
The Solar Updraft Tower : Das Aufwindkraftwerk Motivation and Concept - Text Joerg Schlaich and Rudolf Bergermann The most significant problems of our time, poverty in the Third World and the climate change are interlinked through energy supply and can be solved, if we only want to! The industrialized countries pollute the worldwide climate with their fossil-fuelled power generation. The poor are poor because they cannot afford sufficient energy supply and the population keeps growing. (Fig. 1) If the billions of people who must do without sufficient energy supply would have to cover their energy needs with coal, oil and gas, the climate could not be saved and the environment would be destroyed. Hence, poverty and climate problems can only be solved with global concepts, mutually and equally beneficial to the poor and to the industrialized countries. The poor countries on the „southern hemisphere“, especially the African, have one advantage over the rich countries in the „northern hemisphere“: Sun + Desert, i.e. intensive solar radiation on agriculturally futile land. (Fig. 2) If these poor countries had large scale affordable solar power plants, - affordable because they were built mainly with their own resources and skills -, and which they did not need to import at exorbitant cost, they would profit twice: by their inexhaustible, affordable power supply and by innumerable new jobs. “The Taliban aren’t fighting for religion but for money. If they had jobs, they would stop fighting!” Sham Sher Khan from TIME, April 20, 2009 As electric energy can be transported over very large distances with surprisingly little loss they could export their solar electricity to the industrialized countries. -
A Huff and a Puff, and It Blew the Chimney Down
A HUFF, AND A PUFF, AND… IT BLEW THE CHIMNEY DOWN Kerry S. Lee, P.E., MBA, M.ASCE 1 Gary S. Dunlap, AIA 2 Daniel M. Killian, P.E., B.S. 3 1 Director of Engineering, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 2 Assistant Director of Architecture, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 3 Project Director, Nelson Architectural Engineers, Inc., 2740 Dallas Parkway, Suite 220, Plano, Texas 75093; email: [email protected]; phone: 469-429-9000 Abstract This paper will present case studies and assessment of collapses of tall, free standing residential masonry chimneys resulting from windstorms in North Texas. The case studies will outline the assessment of the causes of the collapses and a discussion of design and/or construction defects. A review of limited and highly lacking documentation on design, construction and code requirements governing the architectural and structural “design” and construction of residential chimneys will be conducted. The paper will provide a discussion of the lack of design standards and poor construction practices used for residential load-bearing masonry chimneys. This paper will illustrate how the lack of design, construction, and code requirements results in chimneys lacking sufficient capacity to resist below design wind loads leading to unsafe conditions. It is only a matter of time before the collapse of one of these elevated masonry chimney “missiles” results in severe injury or death of an inhabitant. Introduction The majority of residential structures being built throughout the country today rely on construction requirements outlined within the International Residential Code (IRC). -
OPEN STORY Opening up the Main Floor and Adding Custom Stor- Age Solutions Lets the Small Home Function Like a Much Larger Space
DECORATING o stay or not to stay? That was the question facing this family. Their challenge: A total revamp turns a cramped, they were growing, but their 1920s Montreal row house wasn’t. Was a move to disorganized main floor into a the suburbs necessary or could a reno turn their house into a dream home? “Young families often come to this fork in the road,” says designer Eugenia flowing family space with tons of Triandos of Hibou Design & Co. “In this case, they truly wanted to stay.” But with storage and style. two young boys, the tight layout was rife with storage issues, and the outdated closed-off kitchen (and its constantly used backyard door) was frustrating. TEXT BETHANY LYTTLE “Our goal became to change their lives for the better but not change the square footage,” PHOTOGRAPHY DREW HADLEY Tsays Eugenia, who set about opening up the main floor and adding plenty of custom stor- age. She elevated the chronically chaotic front entrance into a gloriously organized space, and turned the kitchen into both a haven for family togetherness and a gateway to outdoor play. Then she turned her attention to aesthetics. Bistro-style tufting glammed up the ban- quette and graphic wallpaper jazzed up the seating nooks. “These are eye-catchers, the DON’T crowning glory on a space designed, first and foremost, to make life for my clients easier, MOVE, prettier, and a lot more carefree.” OPEN STORY Opening up the main floor and adding custom stor- age solutions lets the small home function like a much larger space. -
FRAMING GUIDELINES Cutting, Notching, and Boring Lumber Joists Joist Size Maximum Maximum Maximum Hole Notch Depth End Notch 2X4 None None None
FRAMING GUIDELINES Cutting, Notching, and Boring Lumber Joists Joist Size Maximum Maximum Maximum Hole Notch Depth End Notch 2x4 None None None 2x6 11/2 7/8 13/8 2x8 23/8 11/4 17/8 2x10 3 11/2 23/8 2x12 33/4 17/8 27/8 In joists, never cut holes closer than 2 inches to joist edges, nor make them larger than 1/3 the depth of the joist. Also, don’t make notches in the middle third of a span, where the bending forces are greatest. They should also not be deeper than 1/6 the depth of the joist, or 1/4 the depth if the notch is at the end of the joist. Limit the length of notches to 1/3 of the joist’s depth. Use actual, not nominal, dimensions. (“Field Guide to Common Framing Errors,” 10/91) Hole-Cutting Rules for Wood I-Joists Min. Distance from Inside Face of Support to Near Edge of Hole Do not cut holes larger Distance between hole Depth TJI/Pro 2” 3” 4” 5” 6” edges must be 2x (min.) than 11/2" in cantilever length of largest hole; 91/2” 150 1’-0” 1’-6” 3’-0” 5’-0” 6’-6” applies also to 11/2" holes 250 1’-0” 2’-6” 4’-0” 5’-6” 7’-6” L 2 x L 117/8” 150 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 2’-0” 3’-0” 250 1’-0” 1’-0” 2’-0” 3’-0” 4’-6” 350 1’-0” 2’-0” 3’-0” 4’-6” 5’-6” 550 1’-0” 1’-6” 3’-0” 4’-6” 6’-0” 14” 250 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-6” 350 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-6” 3’-0” 550 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 2’-6” 4’-0” 11/2" holes can be cut 16” 250 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” anywhere in the web (11/2" knockouts Leave 1/8" (min.) of 350 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” provided 12" o.c.) web at top and Min. -
Wind- Chimney
WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Architecture by Fereshteh Tavakolinia December 2011 WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation © 2011 Fereshteh Tavakolinia ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the Principles of a Wind-Catcher and a Solar-Chimney to Provide Natural Ventilation AUTHOR: Fereshteh Tavakolinia DATE SUBMITTED: December 2011 COMMITTEE CHAIR: James A. Doerfler, Associate Department Head COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jacob Feldman, Professor iii WIND-CHIMNEY Integrating the principles of a wind-catcher and a solar chimney to provide natural ventilation Fereshteh Tavakolinia Abstract This paper suggests using a wind-catcher integrated with a solar-chimney in a single story building so that the resident might benefit from natural ventilation, a passive cooling system, and heating strategies; it would also help to decrease energy use, CO2 emissions, and pollution. This system is able to remove undesirable interior heat pollution from a building and provide thermal comfort for the occupant. The present study introduces the use of a solar-chimney with an underground air channel combined with a wind-catcher, all as part of one device. Both the wind-catcher and solar chimney concepts used for improving a room’s natural ventilation are individually and analytically studied. This paper shows that the solar-chimney can be completely used to control and improve the underground cooling system during the day without any electricity. -
Code Compliance Checklist: Deck, Porch, Stairs, Guardrails
Form #160 Code Compliance Checklist DECKS, PORCHES AND STAIRS Building and Safety Project Information Permit Service Center Project Address: All plans must Permit Number: be submitted in electronic format as an Permit Submittal Requirements unsecured, flattened Schematic Site Plan showing existing building footprint and the location of new/ PDF with embedded reconstructed deck/porch/stair with distances to property lines. The site plan shall also fonts. Minimum 11”x17” contain project information (i.e., project address, owner’s information, scope of work sheet size. statement). This checklist is Framing Plan showing size, spacing and span of floor joists and supporting beams/ intended to provide girders. information and Foundation Plan showing location, size and depth of supporting individual footings/ improve consistency piers. Foundation and framing plans can be combined if clarity is maintained. in local application and enforcement of Construction Sections/Details of footings/piers, framing, connections, floor the California Building transitions, stairs, guardrails and handrails. See Code Requirements below for any Code requirements as additional guidance. they may apply to this Code Requirements project. Pier Size: Piers/footings shall extend a minimum of 12 inches below undisturbed Numbers in parenthesis grade, shall be a minimum of 12 inches in any plan dimension, and shall have #4 bar refer to code sections reinforcing. Piers/footings shall be sized to accommodate tributary point loads and limit of the 2019 edition the soil bearing pressure to 1,500 pounds per square foot. [CRC R507.3.1 and Table of the California R507.3.1] Residential Code Deck Materials: Deck framing (decking, joists, beams and posts) shall be of approved (CRC), California naturally durable or pressure-preservative-treated wood. -
Geodesic Dome Roof
GEODESIC DOME ROOF The HMT Geodesic Dome features a clear-span, all-aluminum, lightweight, corrosion-resistant structure which sets a new standard for performance in aluminum geodesic domes. HMT’s unique overlapping-panel design and attention to details at critical locations all result in a cost-effective solution that provides superior protection of your stored product. The HMT Geodesic Dome can be installed in-service and its superior design was developed under the guidance of API 650, appendix G and AWWA D-108. Key benefits: Key design features: The HMT Geodesic Dome’s advanced tBatten bar and gasket assembly completely technology provides excellent benefits. Here’s encapsulate panel edges for unparallelled how: sealing Most effective leak-protection solution— tOverlapping panels ensure additional Engineered for maximum weather-tightness for protection against weather both new tanks and retrofits tHub designed with three levels of sealing to Low maintenance — Aluminum alloys are ensure maximum leak protection corrosion resistant and don’t require painting like steel fixed roofs tHub can be easily removed for inspection or Emissions reduction — reduces wind-induced adjustment of IFR support chains vapor loss, aids in odor control and provides tOptions for fixed or sliding rim connections significant emission credits; for light products such as gasoline, a dome installed over an EFR tCan easily handle the weight of suspended can cut emissions by over 90% aluminum internal floating roofs In-service installation — Can be erected on tIndustry-leading 3D design software for the ground beside the tank or on an EFR and maximum accuracy and shorter design time lifted into place Custom engineered— To accommodate a wide range of spans and loading conditions Protecting your world, one tank at a time™ www.hmttank.com THE HMT GEODESIC DOME DESIGN HMT’s design incorporates features which dramatically Triple seal hub design improve upon existing technology. -
A Concise Dictionary of Middle English
A Concise Dictionary of Middle English A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle English Table of Contents A Concise Dictionary of Middle English...........................................................................................................1 A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat........................................................................................................1 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................3 NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH...................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),..................................................................................................11 A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH....................................................................................12 A.............................................................................................................................................................12 B.............................................................................................................................................................48 C.............................................................................................................................................................82 D...........................................................................................................................................................122 -
Glossary of Architectural Terms Apex
Glossary of Architectural Terms Apex: The highest point or peak in the gable Column: A vertical, cylindrical or square front. supporting member, usually with a classical Arcade: A range of spaces supported on piers capital. or columns, generally standing away from a wall Coping: The capping member of a wall or and often supporting a roof or upper story. parapet. Arch: A curved construction that spans an Construction: The act of adding to a structure opening and supports the weight above it. or the erection of a new principal or accessory Awning: Any roof like structure made of cloth, structure to a property or site. metal, or other material attached to a building Cornice: The horizontal projecting part crowning and erected over a window, doorway, etc., in the wall of a building. such a manner as to permit its being raised or Course: A horizontal layer or row of stones retracted to a position against the building, when or bricks in a wall. This can be projected or not in use. recessed. The orientation of bricks can vary. Bay: A compartment projecting from an exterior Cupola: A small structure on top of a roof or wall containing a window or set of windows. building. Bay Window: A window projecting from the Decorative Windows: Historic windows that body of a building. A “squared bay” has sides at possess special architectural value, or contribute right angles to the building; a “slanted bay” has to the building’s historic, cultural, or aesthetic slanted sides, also called an “octagonal” bay. If character. Decorative windows are those with segmental or semicircular in plan, it is a “bow” leaded glass, art glass, stained glass, beveled window. -
Fashion, Quality, Value and Safety™
PRODUCT CATALOG 2020 Fashion, Quality, Value and Safety™ v.5.08.20 Choosing from a wide variety of office and home office furnture is exciting. Our travels around the world have opened our eyes to color, design and many wonderful cultures throughout the globe. These experiences have helped us develop our Style Guides™ giving you the opportunity to choose furniture that expresses your personal style. We offer Quick-to-Assemble™ technology, specially designed for you throughout many of our collections for easier, faster assembly and a wonderful experience overall. Enjoy these products that are made to last with three-year or six-year warranties from kathy ireland® Home by Bush Furniture and Bush Business Furniture Office bykathy ireland®. Bush Industries is a leading and prestigious manufacturer with a 60-year successful history. kathy ireland® Worldwide missions are: “...solutions for families, especially busy moms.”™ “...solutions for people in business.”™ Fashion, Quality, Value and Safety™ are our four promises to you. Each design is tested to meet the highest industry standards. In many of our products, we provide child safety features including rounded edges and soft close hinges. We have confidence that you’ll findkathy ireland® Home by Bush Furniture a wonderful fit for your home and office. You may also experience coordinating lighting, flooring, accessories and other beautiful designs throughout our other brands that will complete your personal environment. We know that you have many choices for home and office furniture, and we’re delighted that you’ve chosen us for this special moment. OUR PROMISE ATRIA combines modern and industrial styles with the durability you depend on in your home or professional office.