The world’s leading publication for one-namers Vol 8 Issue 8 October–December 2004 N B I

S e c o n f i r n o s e a d

r v i m

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e v e n d w a r e i s t l e - i u ? o d e n

– t M d C o S C N P – o E o a t f a o e o r o S b

h e t r n m m G t t y a e

l h t s v A E y i

r i p i e o n e f

n D c d u h r

n u g r a G c e C o t t i e r h r e e n i s u m O w n

a t r s t i a M o g

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d y GUILD OFFICERS

CHAIRMAN Box G, 14 Charterhouse Buildings Ken Toll Goswell Road, London EC1M 7BA 20 North Road E-mail: [email protected] Three Bridges Website: www.one-name.org W Sussex RH10 1JX Registered as a charity in England 01293 404986 and Wales No. 802048 [email protected] Guild information

Sales VICE-CHAIRMAN Peter Walker AS well as Guild publications, the 24 Bacons Drive Sales Manager has a supply of Jour- Cuffley nal folders, ties, lapel badges and President Hertfordshire back issues of the Journal. The Derek A Palgrave MA FRHistS FSG EN6 4DU address is: 01707 873778 Vice-Presidents [email protected] Howard Benbrook Peter Goodall 7 Amber Hill Ernest Hamley SECRETARY Camberley John Hebden Kirsty Maunder Surrey Peter Towey 11 Brendon Close GU15 1EB Tilehurst, Reading England Berkshire RG30 6EA E-mail enquiries to: Guild Committee 0118 9414833 [email protected] The Committee consists of the [email protected] Officers, plus the following: Forum Rob Alexander REGISTRAR THIS online discussion forum is Howard Benbrook Roger Goacher open to any member with access to Jeanne Bunting FSG Springwood e-mail. You can join the list by Rod Clayburn Furzefield Road sending a message with your mem- John Hanson East Grinstead bership number to: Barbara Harvey W Sussex RH19 2EF [email protected] Paul Millington 01342 326663 To e-mail a message to the forum, Roy Rayment [email protected] send it to: [email protected] Librarian TREASURER Sandra Turner Vacant Regional Representatives Regional Reps Co-ordinator 2 St Annes Close Barbara Harvey Winchester A LIST of Regional Representatives Bookstall & Sales Manager Hants SO22 4LQ of the Guild in a number of UK counties and overseas can be found Howard Benbrook 01962 840388 [email protected] on the inside back cover of this Forum Manager Journal. If you are interested in Peter Walker EDITOR becoming a Regional Rep, please Website Manager Roy Stockdill contact the Regional Representa- Paul Millington 6 First Avenue tives Coordinator, Barbara Harvey Publicity Manager Garston, Watford (address and phone number on the Roy Rayment Herts WD25 9PZ inside back cover). Data Processing Manager 01923 893735 John Hanson [email protected] The Journal of One-Name Studies is published quarterly by the Guild of SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRMEN One-Name Studies. Executive Ken Toll ISSN 0262-4842 Publications Ken Toll © Journal of One-Name Studies Seminars Jeanne Bunting FSG MAIN ARTICLES 6 Converting your one-name data from Microsoft Access files to GEDCOM – COVER STORY CLIFF KEMBALL describes his approach to converting database records for transferring into The Master Genealogist program 9 Why do some surname variants become fixed? STEVE TANNER gives a sociolinguist’s view of surname spelling variants 12 One-name studies without a computer – more personal stories from members 14 A few quibbles but NBI 2 is a good buy for one-namers – COVER STORY HOWARD BENBROOK reviews the new edition of the National Burial Index 16 Modern mapping of your ONS surname by postcode – COVER STORY DAVID MELLOR compares surname mapping from the 1881 census with the same exercise using present-day postcodes 19 History and development of the Guild from its early days President Derek Palgrave tells tales of the founding of the Guild GUILD REPORTS • NEWS • EVENTS 22 Nottingham Computer Seminar lived up to expectations 23 Seminars update 26 Guild area meeting addressed by FONS man • Guild 2004 Website Awards 27 Journal wins Elizabeth Simpson Award for 2nd time • Scottish AFHS Conference 28 Top speakers and name theme for Guild’s 2005 Annual Conference REGULARS 4 Chairman’s Notes KEN TOLL 5 Just My Opinion ROY STOCKDILL 24 A View From The Bookstall HOWARD BENBROOK 25 Registrar’s Notes ROGER GOACHER 28 Reviews of new genealogy books and CDs

ARTICLES, letters and other contributions are welcomed from members, especially accompanied by illustrations, and should be sent to the Editor. Publication dates will normally be the first day of January, April, July and October. Copyright of material is to the Editor and Publishers of the Journal of One- Name Studies and the author. No material may be reproduced in part or in whole without the prior permission of the publishers. The views expressed in the Journal are those of individual contributors and are not necessarily those of the Committee of the Guild of One-Name Studies.

3 New Newsflash facility enables us to communicate quickly with e-mail members

‘LL START with some good of their e-mail address. Unfor- years or so we had not imple- news this time. I’ve just tunately, it is not practical to mail mented some of the Charity returned from the Federa- copies to other members. Commission’s recommendations I tion of Family History The first edition was generally as and when they have been Societies Conference where the well received by the 1,400 or so made available, so we have a bit Guild won the Elizabeth Simpson members it was sent to, although of a catching-up exercise to do. award for the second time. Well a few deleted it erroneously, We are also taking the opportun- done, Roy. assuming it was spam. We also ity to propose changes to make We were well represented at learned several valuable lessons running the Guild easier and less the Conference and it was good and identified numerous mem- onerous for Committee members, to be able to meet so many Guild bers who had not advised us of a whilst preserving the safeguards friends. I hope we can meet even change of e-mail address. required by the membership and more of you at the Guild Confer- The first issue of NewsFlash the Charity Commission. I plan to ence next April. Our Conference contained details of completely provide more detail in a future sub-committee has now booked free access to Ancestry.com via a Journal – hopefully, in January. Wyboston Lakes again, as it was third party website. As the offer Since the last Journal there an excellent venue last year, and was time-limited it was an ideal have been a few changes on the we have already lined up some subject for a NewsFlash – by the Committee. Paul Millington has excellent speakers. time this Journal is distributed stood down as Vice-Chairman, the offer will have expired. but continues as webmaster and Gremlins The second issue contained Committee Member. Roy Ray- Now the bad news. Despite additional details of the Notting- ment has stood down as Publicity our best intentions, the gremlins ham Seminar and advised that Manager, but continues as a Com- conspired again to thwart our Paul Millington has redecorated mittee Member. They have both plans to have the correct Guild the member's room in our made a huge contribution to the Accounts sent out by our printers, website and he had added the Guild in their respective roles. On Flexpress. Pages one, two and bookstall pages. Further issues a more positive note, Kirsty four were correct, but page three will be distributed as and when Maunder has taken on the addi- was from an earlier draft set and the need arises. tional role of Marketing Mana- contained several errors. On this ger. Hopefully, I shall be able to occasion it was an own goal, as Constitution announce further new appoint- we sent the wrong page to the I would be delighted to be ments in the next Journal. printers. Humble apologies from able to send NewsFlash to all I have decided to stand down myself & the gremlins! The cor- members with access to e-mail as Chairman at the AGM in 2005 rect pages will be with the facilities, but we will need your in order to have a little more printers in time to go out with current e-mail address. To add an time to pursue my own one-name this Journal. e-mail address to your current study and to allow someone else In the previous Journal I membership details, either visit the opportunity to take the announced the intention to set the Member’s Room on our reigns. I have offered to stay on up a NewsFlash facility. Thanks to website and fill in the Changes the Committee in another role if Alec Tritton recommending suit- Form, or send an e-mail with your required, perhaps to continue able software, Peter Walker name, membership number and with managing the revision to implementing it and John Hanson e-mail address to changes@one- the Constitution. generating a compatible mem- name.org Meanwhile at home, we had a bership database extract, we now During the last few months I, major genealogical event. My have a working system. It allows with the help of a small working daughter married in August and me to communicate rapidly with group, have been reviewing our thereby acquired an even rarer all members who have advised us Constitution. Over the past five surname. ❍

4 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Should we be obsessive about rare surnames disappearing?

ID you read that story in confined to this one family – in was a lovely man and we kept in the papers a while back which case one might say it’s a touch until he died. about a fellow called wonder the name has lasted as Later, I found other Stockdills Mike Pimbury, who long as it has! also related to me in Yorkshire believed he was the last person I looked on the UKinfo disc for and Hertfordshire and a family in of his surname in the entire people called Pembury and found Scotland who were not, as I far as world? At 73, he has never over 50, half of them in Bristol, I know, connected to me because married and, therefore, the name which suggests they are possibly they had come from Ireland. will die with him. distant relatives of Mike Pimbury. However, they joined enthusiasti- Sad, what? But he can hardly However, perhaps he does not cally in my tracing of the family be alone in this situation. There wish to acknowledge this fact, history and surname, since I have must surely have been thousands preferring to stick with his belief little doubt that their family, like of names that have come and that, as the last of the Pimburys, mine, originated in Yorkshire. gone and had nobody to carry he has no living relations. From there I found some them on and, no doubt, there I used to think like this myself Stockdill distant cousins in will be many more surnames with before I became a family Canada and other Stockdills in bearers in single figures that face historian about 30 years ago. America who, though I have not extinction. Growing up, the only other yet tied them in to our family, You have only to look at the Stockdills I ever knew of were my share the name. UKinfo 2003 CD, based on the parents and my father’s electoral registers and telephone brother, my Uncle Albert Stock- Reunion directories, to find scores of dill, who I only met after my It was my great joy in 1997 to names with only a tiny handful of father died because the two organise a big family reunion in entries – and I am talking about brothers were estranged for years Leeds, at which out of the 60 British names, not foreign ones. after some family squabble. My people present over one-third I am sure Mike Pimbury’s story dad had two sisters, my aunts, were called Stockdill. I could not must have fascinated many family but they, being married, had help thinking back to all those historians, but the thought other surnames. years earlier when I had thought occurred to me that perhaps he Then one day when I was my parents and I were the only was being a little obsessive about about 14 a chum and I were folks in the world with the name. it in scouring the world trying to cycling from Halifax to York and, Of course, I recognise that find somebody else who shared while riding through the centre there must be hundreds of peo- his very rare surname. of Leeds, I suddenly saw the ple also distantly related to me name, Stockdill, on a sign over a who possess the far more com- Variant newsagent’s shop window. I was mon root name of STOCKDALE. It seemed to me that, beyond a so startled by this totally unex- Organising a family reunion of doubt, his name is simply a vari- pected sighting of my surname them would probably require me ant of PEMBURY. When the story that I almost fell off my bike! to hire the Royal Albert Hall! appeared, I did a quick check in Unfortunately, my friend was It seems that Mike Pimbury the IGI in FamilySearch and dis- well down the road ahead of me, employed a genealogist to try covered that the PIMBURY so I had no time to stop and go and find someone else of his version appeared to have come into the shop and find out who name, somewhere in the world, entirely from one small area of the owner was. and she failed to do so. I hope Gloucestershire around Minchin- However, I actually had the she explained to him that he was hampton and Stroud, seemingly great pleasure of meeting him really a Pembury and, therefore, originating in about 1666 with many years later when I had not necessarily the last of his line. one William Pimbury at Bisley, begun to trace the family history Perhaps if he had done a one- who had children in the 1690s. and came across other living name study and discovered this Clearly, this was the usual case Stockdills. His name was Jack for himself he would not be of a vicar’s misspelling and the Stockdill and we turned out to be quite so forlorn about his name variant appears to have been third cousins once removed. He disappearing. ❍

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 5 Converting your one-name study data from Microsoft Access files to GEDCOM

his article describes the appro- linking individuals, producing reports ach I took to convert the data I and printing family history charts. How held on a Microsoft Access can this best be achieved without the database to The Master need to key in all the information Genealogist (TMG) via the creation of again, with all the inherent risks GEDCOM files. involved of making mistakes? One thing that will be common with The approach I adopted for transfer- all Guild members who are undertak- ring data to TMG (Figure 1) was to ing a one-name study is that they are create an Access enquiry to select the likely to have accumulated a large records I needed to convert. I combined number of records concerning the this information with the appropriate births, marriages and deaths of people GEDCOM tag information to produce a By Cliff with a common surname. How this file similar to a GEDCOM file. information is held will vary. It may be I then transferred this file to a text Kemball held manually, but more often than not file and edited it in Word, mainly to it will be held on some sort of compu- put in the appropriate carriage returns, ter software, i.e. on a family tree take out any extraneous characters or MANY Guild program, a flatfile program, a rela- unwanted spaces and add in the members will have tional database or on databases using header and trailer information. I then amassed copious ready-made templates. named the text file as a .ged file. amounts of data In practice, most one-namers main- • Run an enquiry to select records over the years they tain two or more sets of their data to My database holds over 19,000 have been involved take advantage of the different records of the births, marriages and in running a one- strengths of the programs, as no single deaths for the Kemball surname, name study. program fulfils the needs of one- including all its variants, and each What to do with namers. At some stage we are likely to record has a unique iD, meaning that all this information want to transfer our data from one an individual will have up to three and how to store it program to another program – usually different iD numbers. I make no is something that a family tree program – to take advan- attempt to link these individuals in my one-namers tend to tage of the increased facilities for database, preferring instead to carry approach in different ways. Some may wish to preserve their records in more than one format. In this special article, member CLIFF KEMBALL describes his method for converting data held in a Microsoft Access database to GEDCOM files, ready for importing into a family tree program such as The Master Genealogist.

Figure 1 – steps taken to convert data from Access to GEDCOM

6 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Having run the enquiry, you now have an Access file of all your birth records for a par- ticular surname. Detail of the data fields and their content are shown on the left hand side of Figure 2 (left). • Design a GEDCOM information table The next stage is to produce a table to pro- vide all the GEDCOM tag information. GEDCOM is an acronym for GEnealogy Data COM- munication. It was developed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints and has evolved as the de facto standard for data exchange between most genealogy software pro- grams and systems. A GEDCOM file con- tains a set of genealogy data in a structured for- mat, utilising numbers to indicate the hierarchy and Tags to indicate individual pieces of infor- mation within the file. You need to create a GEDCOM information table for births that con- tains only one record, details of which are shown on the right-hand side of Figure 2. • Run an enquiry to combine GEDCOM Figure 2 – combining data and GEDCOM information information and Genealogy data out this linking function in TMG. The third stage is to combine the GEDCOM Many people undertaking one-name studies will information with your genealogy data. This is structure their data differently, but they should still achieved by running another Access enquiry, using be able to apply the principles involved in transfer- the GEDCOM information table with the initial ring data. I have a “record type“ indicator that I enquiry file containing the birth genealogy data. I used to produce an enquiry of Kemble records to have listed the results of this birth enquiry showing distinguish between births, marriages and deaths the genealogical data for one record in bold. How and many other record types. the data is combined in the enquiry is demonstrated This article deals only with the process of transfer- more clearly in Figure 2. The left-hand side has the ring birth records to a GEDCOM file, but the process genealogy birth data (shown in bold), while the can be used to transfer all other record types. right hand side has the GEDCOM information. Example of output from birth enquiry... 0 @I 9721 @ INDI %1 NAME Joseph Colin / Kemble / %1 SEX M %1 BIRT %2 DATE 1 OCT 1998 %2 PLAC Colchester ,,, %2 SOUR @S1@ %3 DATA%4 TEXT Birth source: 4691DD63C073 %2 QUAY2 %1 NOTE Mothers maiden name: Jane Smith

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 7 You now have a combined file that can be used 0 HEAD to produce a GEDCOM file. 1 SOUR ACCESS • Copy data to text file 2 VERS V 9.0.2720 The next stage is to copy the data from the birth 2 NAME Cliff Kemball enquiry to a text file by clicking the top left-hand 3 ADDR 168 Green Lane, Chislehurst, Kent square of the Access query sheet, then right-clicking 2 DATA Access Kemble Database and selecting copy. In Word paste special (Edit, Paste 3 DATE September 2004 Special, Unformatted Text, ok) and save it as a text 1 DEST TMG file. You now have a text file showing each record 1 DATE 12 September 2004 on one line. 1 FILE MASTER DATABASE • Edit Text file 1 GEDC The fifth stage is to edit the text file to put in the 2 VERS 5.5 appropriate carriage returns and take out the 1 CHAR ANSI extraneous spaces, etc. The text file has to be edited 0 @S1@ SOUR in Word, as the edit facility is not available within 1 AUTH Cliff Kemball’s Indexes Notepad. As the first record will be the header 1 TITL Index of National Archives births details from Access, this needs to be deleted. To edit the text file, press [Ctrl]+F to enter “Find and Figure 5 – header details Replace“ and press “More“ tab to reveal the “special” tab needed to apply the special characters. • Save the text file as a GEDCOM (.ged) file Figure 3 lists all the “Find and replace“ actions Once you have completed all the text editing and undertaken for births records. Figure 4 shows the added the header and trailer information, you need results of the editing – a listing for one birth record to save the text file as [Name].ged. In my case I in GEDCOM format. named my birth text file “Kemble gedcom.ged“. You will see that I have replaced all the % charac- When saving the file, Word provides a warning If ters with carriage returns to put each GEDCOM tag y[filename] may contain features that are not on a separate line. The rest of the editing takes out compatible with text only format. Do you want to the extraneous spaces and other unwanted informa- save the document in this format? You just need to tion. You may need to change the degree and type click Yes. of editing, depending on your data structure and • Import resultant GEDCOM file to TMG content. The final stage is to import the resultant GED- Now that the main editing is complete, all that is COM file to the appropriate Family Genealogy needed is to add the header details (Figure 5 in program – in my case to TMG. Within TMG select respect of the birth GEDCOM) and the trailer [0 File, Import, Simple wizard, Next. Select GEDCOM TRLR] as the last line. v4, v5.5 (*.GED from the Import file type and press Find Replace locate. Select the appropriate folder in which the ^t[Tab] [Space] .ged file was saved and select the file. Next select @I[Space] @I[No space] Open, Next, Next and Finish and follow the instruc- [Space]@[Space]INDI @[Space]INDI tions for loading the data set. /[Space]Kemble /Kemble This method of transferring data works with TMG [Space]% ^p and Family Tree Maker. The procedure described [Space] [Space] [Space] above for transferring birth data works also for Keep repeating to take out all marriage and death data and many other types of extraneous spaces data, such as census, burial and address data. If any ^p = Paragraph Mark ^t = Tab character (click Guild member would like further details, please “special” to find special characters) contract me at my home/e-mail address given below. Alternatively, a longer article, which included details Figure 3 – editing of the text file of converting marriage and death records, can be found on the Guild’s website at http://www.one- 0 @19721@ INDI name.org/members/articles.html 1 NAME Joseph Colin /Kemble/ My thanks go to John Liddle and Teresa Pask, 1 SEX M both TMG users. and to John Stark, Member 4068, 1 BIRT who provided help and assistance in commenting 2 DATE OCT 1998 on this article and testing out the methodology. ❍ 2 PLAC Colchester 2 SOUR @S1@ CLIFF KEMBALL 3 DATA Member 3389 4 TEXT Birth source: 4691dd63C073 2 168 Green Lane 2 QUAY 2 Chislehurst 1 NOTE Mother’s maiden name: Kemble Kent BR7 6AY Figure 4 – the text file after editing [email protected]

8 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Why do some surname variants become fixed? By Steve Tanner IN the January–March 2004 Journal [Vol 8 Issue 5] in question until the vowel in all words ending in -ss our President, Derek Palgrave, described some of and other fricative consonants became lengthened the difficulties associated with the multiplicity of and retracted further back in the mouth, a process surname spellings. In this article, Guild Member which began in southern England about 1700. As RP Steve Tanner, who works in the Centre of Applied is based on southern English, it became standard in Language Studies at Swansea University, gives a words like “grass” and “path”. Coincidentally, those sociolinguist’s view of surname variants. same areas of England had also previously lost the rowsing through the Guild’s list of regis- pronunciation of “r” before consonants. The result tered surnames, one is struck by the was that “ass” and “arse” tended to cease to be bewildering number of spelling variants. distinguished in normal speech if they followed the They seem so unpredictable that the rule. Hence, “ass” appears as an anomalous excep- temptation is to put them all down to random tion to this phonetic change, as it still rhymes with chance. During a one-name study, however, we “mass” rather than “grass”. often come across a point in time or space when a A possible example of homonymie facheuse is particular variant becomes fixed. What can we provided by the varying fortunes of names contain- deduce about the processes bringing this about? ing the element -BOTTOM over the past century (see Why does one particular spelling triumph in certain table below). Most of these names have declined, places at certain times? presumably because some of their bearers have The following is an attempt to make an “orderly” abandoned them. Only Higginbottom has held its classification of spelling variations, while own, perhaps because the first element (HIGGIN-) is acknowledging that we are dealing here with an “semantically opaque” i.e. it does not have any area where several processes may be at work at one connotation and, therefore, does not exacerbate the and the same time and place. Such changes may be effect of “-bottom”. It seems that verb (SHUF- grouped into two main categories – “internally FLE)+bottom is the worst case scenario for survival, induced” and “externally induced” – according to followed by adjective (LONG)+ bottom, and then whether they are caused by the preferences of the noun (RAMS)+bottom faring slightly better. Some, name-bearers themselves or the preferences of the of course, may have gone over to the spelling people with whom they come in contact. BOTHAM, as in the cricketer Ian Botham. A variant of homonymie facheuse occurs where (1) Internally induced change total replacement of the original term takes place In this category, we may include changes brought to avoid unwanted vulgar connotations. An example about by the wishes of the name-bearers them- is the replacement of “cock”, the male farmyard selves. Often this involves homonymie facheuse, a fowl, by “rooster” in American English and by the French term meaning “annoying similarity of lengthened form, “cockerel”, in British English. name”. It refers to the common phenomenon I came across one example by chance in the whereby a word, through changes of pronunciation course of tracing a family named LOCKETT or or meaning, comes to resemble something else LOCKITT in the parish registers of Ashill, Norfolk. which has unfavourable connotations. This family’s name had been spelt in either of these One thinks of the word “ass” (i.e. donkey) in ways for several generations prior to the 1870s. modern standard British received pronunciation Then, in the course of only five years, they all went (RP). It used to be the standard word for the animal over to the spelling, LOCKWOOD. What is interest- ing about this SURNAME Grammatical 1901 UKinfo UKinfo Change example is that the formation census 2003 (+33%)* (%) change can be Bottom Noun 796 462 616 -10 observed actually Shufflebottom Verb 542 258 344 -36.5 taking place in the register, as in the Ramsbottom 2036 1406 1874 -8 Noun following marriage Higginbottom Opaque 1961 1624 2165 +9.5 entry on October Longbottom Adjective 2661 1576 2101 -2.1 15 1875: * Assuming 33% not on electoral roll, under-18s, etc. John Lockit, shoe- maker (father John A possible example of homonymie facheuse involving -bottom names Lockit, shoemaker)

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 9 and Elizabeth Ashby (father, Robert Ashby, to be known outside its immediate area soon after labourer). the main period during which surnames became But the witnesses, the brother and sister of the hereditary in the East Midlands area (1300–1400). bridegroom, both signed as Charles LOCKWOOD We may distinguish two sub-categories of exter- and Elizabeth LOCKWOOD. nally induced change affecting HEMPSALL: The following year, Charles, a baker, was married (a) Reetymology. in the same church by the same vicar, the Rev Bar- This refers to the re-analysis of the parts of the tholomew Edwards, He was one of the longest- surname into units other than those of its original serving incumbents on record, dying a few weeks etymology. This often happened when a family short of his 100th birthday. He had known the moved into an area where the locals were unfam- parishioners concerned for half a century and used iliar with the surname. Thus, the name HEMPSALL the old spelling for the main entry, evidently having when its bearers moved into the Lindsey area of no truck with what he perceived to be an incorrect – Lincolnshire in the late 1600s and early 1700s tended even pretentious – innovation. He wrote LOCKITT, to be re-interpreted as HEM(P)SWELL by clerks and though the groom defiantly signed as LOCKWOOD. vicars who were familiar with two local place- By the time of the 1881 census five years later, names, the twin villages of Hemswell and Harpswell, despite the vicar’s rearguard action, all the num- 15 miles north of Lincoln. erous LOCKI(E)TTS in and around Ashill had gone Interestingly, this particular reetymology had not over to LOCKWOOD. Why? One can only assume this occurred earlier in that area, despite the fact that was a coordinated step by the whole family. With there are a number of records of HEMPSALL families mass education making headway in the 1870s, such in the North Lincolnshire area as early as the mid- rural artisans could generally read and write. At the 1500s. This may be because Hemswell, the place in same time, cheap printed editions of children’s question, was then HELMESWELL, and hence less nursery rhyme books became popular. Perhaps likely to be confused with HEMPSALL. younger members of the family had been tor- By contrast, across the Trent in North Notting- mented at school with the rhyme... hamshire, where HEMPSALLs also moved north into Lucy Lockett lost her pocket new territory, vicars and scribes frequently opted for Kitty Fisher found it the variant HEMPSEED. Viewed from our modern Not a penny was there in it standpoint, this at first sounds like an attempt at But a ribbon round it humour – as if it were a kind of deliberate hom- ...and determined to be rid of a name which had onymie facheuse. One recalls the use of “hayseed” become a source of ridicule . as a term of scorn for a country bumpkin. A variant on this theme occurs where, while the Yet it may not have been so. Hemp was an impor- surname in question may have no unpleasant tant part of the regional economy and may not have connotations, it is felt to be too common, and had pejorative connotations. After the drainage in attempts are made to make it “posher”. Thus, we Charles I‘s reign of the Isle of Axholme, on the find SMYTHE for Smith and the various extra final northern boundary of the HEMPSALL homeland, a “e” surnames like BROOKE, BROWNE, COOKE, etc. large acreage was given over to the cultivation of One might expect spelling variants which avoid, hemp – not for marijuana, but for its fibre used in or at least lessen, an unwanted connotation to have making sacks. Thus, an association of an individual gained preference during the last century, with mass with such a vital commodity might have been almost literacy. However, the following example shows that a compliment or, at least, a neutral designation. this is not necessarily the case : Only one other -SALL name was similarly affected (2) Externally-induced change in the area: LOVERSALL occasionally became LOVER- In this category we may place changes occurring SEED. One hesitates to imagine what was the through the speech habits of people other than the understood meaning in this case. name-bearers themselves, i.e., by those they come in An alternative explanation might be the presence contact with. These fall under several sub-categories of some incumbents from Scotland, where the name and may be exemplified in my one-name study of HEMPSEED had an independent origin. However, significantly, this variant died out among its 1901 UKinfo 2003 Change SURNAME bearers by the late 19th century. After all, census 2003 (+33%) % who would want to be called after food for Giggle 103 49 65 -36.5 cage-birds? Giggal 119 58 77 -35.5 (b) Influence of similarly-composed names The above variant, HEMPSEED, may also fall HEMPSALL and variants. This name probably orig- into this category, as it may well have arisen as a inated in a place-name, Hempshill, near Notting- reaction to the names HEM(P)STALK and ham, representing an Anglo-Saxon personal name HEM(P)STOCK, both of which were common in “Hemma” or “Hemmed”, plus “Hill”, with an epent- Nottinghamshire in the same general area as hetic medial P added for ease of pronunciation. The HEMPSALL. While it does not appear to be the case place from which the name originated had ceased that any HEMPSALLs went over to HEMPSTALK/

10 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 HEMPSTOCK, or vice versa, the two names do seem sent less ambiguously the neutral schwa vowel by to have influenced each other. Indeed, there are avoiding the -SALL spelling, which could stand for two cases of intermarriage between Hempsalls and either Hemp-SAUL or Hemps’ll. “-SELL” was more Hempstalks or Hempstocks, in 1722 and 1890. The likely to be unambiguously pronounced “Hemps’ll”, fact that HEMPSTALK/HEMPSTOCK provided a clear which is, in fact, now the preferred pronunciation of example of a “semantically transparent” second most HEMPSALLs and HEMPSELLs. In the case of the syllable put pressure on the name HEMPSALL to Rotherham HEMPSELLs, there may have been an adopt a more definite meaning, even a spurious influence from the large number of -SELL names in one. the area, e.g. RUSSELL and MANSELL. As so many names like HEMPSALL end in (c) Dialectical influence unstressed syllables, there is a tendency for variation Surnames may share in the various sound changes in the vowel. Thus, one finds HEMPSELL, HEMPSILL, which affect words in general. For instance, there is HEMPSOLL and even HEMPSULL, all with or without and has been for some time a tendency to insert a the “P”. The area where the present majority “glottal stop” (that constriction at the back of the spelling, HEMPSALL, became fixed was the central throat common in many parts of Britain in combina- Nottinghamshire area. Here, there may well have tions like “I’ve got to”, where the first “t” is been an influence from several place-names ending replaced by a glottal stop). In HEMPSALL, the “P” in -SALL, such as Kneesall, Kelsall and Bothamsall. generally is realised in speech as a glottal stop. It could well be that the absence of this feature in Long vowel certain areas, such as the Lincolnshire fens, may The first two of these were usually pronounced account for the variant HEMSELL, which became with a full, long vowel, rhyming with “Paul”, fixed in the early 19th century in the Bourne area. whereas Bothamsall had the reduced vowel known Finally, one family in the Boston area opted for as “schwa” to phoneticians, rhyming with the last HEMSILL, of which there are still a few around syllable of “castle”. HEMPSALL probably oscillated in today. These may have been similarly influenced by pronunciation between these two possibilities, but, dialect or by analogy with BUSSILL, BISSILL, TRUS- either way, the spelling tended to be fixed as -SALL. SILL, TATTERSILL and MANSILL. Other -SALL names in Notts which may have It is interesting to compare the rise and fall of mutually reinforced each other were: INKERSALL spelling variants over time. Pie charts in my ONS SOMSALL, UPSALL, SARSALL, KEMPSALL, BERDSALL compare the proportions of the various spellings of BEARDSALL, BONSALL, BURSALL, HASSALL, HEMPSALL between the IGI, the 1901 census online CAMPSALL, LOVERSALL, ADENSALL and STANSALL. and the 2001 electoral roll. Of course, one is not By contrast, in the Lincolnshire villages of Saxilby comparing like with like, since the IGI largely reflects and Long Bennington, only 10 miles away on the the spelling of scribes other than the subjects them- other side of the Trent, two prolific families finally selves, whereas the electoral roll is based on self- fixed on HEMPSHALL in the late 1800s. Here, it reporting in a fully literate society. Also, the IGI seems that the prominent landed estate of Tatter- covers a long period, so the chart reflects a rough shall, and the surname associated with it, may have average of the period 1600–1870, while the 1901 provided a model. In both cases, there may have online census notoriously contains a lot of errors. been a partial reetymology, interpreting “sall” as However, the charts do hint at some trends which “s+hall”. Thus Tatter’s Hall, so Hemp’s Hall. may hold true for other surnames. There seems to Alternatively, the name MARSHALL – particularly be a trend for the more common variants to common in this area, with several Hempsalls marring increase their share of the total at the expense of Marshalls – may have been a strong influence. the rarer ones. Thus, HEMPSALL and its nearest rival, Descendants of these families became so numerous HEMPSHALL, have both expanded, while the others that in areas where both were quite common, East have lost out. This may be because individual fam- Nottinghamshire and the Lincoln area, individuals ilies have “corrected” their spelling through the were pulled this way and that in a linguistic tug-of- influence of people in their area named with one of war persisting into the 20th century. the two majority spellings. Or it may be because I can remember my mother, a HEMPSALL born in these minority spellings were never correct in the 1909, considering HEMPSHALLs an inferior breed! sense of being used by their owners, but simply She objected to being occasionally called Hempshall, scribal errors . whether in speech or writing, saying it was a I would be interested to hear from other one- “drunkard’s pronunciation”. Yet the HEMPSHALLs namers who have subjected their names to similar in the 21st century, though in a minority, are hold- analysis to see if there are common trends. ❍ ing their own, with 176 HEMPSHALLs on the electoral roll in 2003 as opposed to 408 HEMPSALLs. STEVE TANNER Meanwhile, in the Gainsborough and Rotherham Member 4001 areas, the spelling HEMPSELL or HEMPSHELL became Beili-glas, Rhydargaeau fixed among a small group of families in the 19th Carmarthen SA32 7HY century. This may have reflected a desire to repre- [email protected]

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 11 WE are pleased to bring you some more contributions from Guild members who answered the challenge to tell us how they are happily running a one-name study without the aid of a computer Using a portable typewriter, ring binders and shoe boxes to record 32 generations of Carews By Joan Richardson

AY I report that Member 1217 is still cal file containing details of that person. These files using a portable typewriter, ring binders cover the UK, Ireland and many other countries, and shoe boxes? I remain in the same including Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Canada, groove I was in when I gave an address West indies and, not least, Newfoundland, where to members of the Guild of One-Name Studies at Carew is the dominant surname. Newquay, Cornwall, as part of the fifth British I do not extract names from telephone directories Genealogical Conference, on April 1 1990, entitled and I no longer cull birth and marriage records from “At the Sign of the Three Black Lions: An the Family Records Centre. I make an occasional visit Introduction to the Carews.” there to extract recent Carew deaths which enables I joined the Guild in 1988, perceiving that there me to process what I know about those persons, might be an application from someone else inter- inserting them on their appropriate pedigrees. I ested in the name CAREW, but with less material seldom find time to do this, however. than I held. Prior to that, I was on the List of One- Name Studies. New DNB I have two charts, one which mentions all armi- Work of mine has been made available to the gerous lines of Carew from the Domesday book to Mary Rose Trust, to the compilers of the new Dic- the present, and another which traces the Bedding- tionary of National Biography and to Burke’s ton, Surrey, branch from the 14th Peerage, the latter in order to correct and amplify century to its extinction. Informa- their coverage of the earlier generations of the tion concerning these families was Carew Baronets of Haccombe, this with the consent gleaned over many years from of the present head of the family. volumes of State Papers, ecclesias- I neither seek nor accept remuneration. I reply to tical records, county record offices all enquiries, irrespective of return postage being and numerous libraries, including supplied. Overseas enquirers are seemingly ignorant Lambeth Palace. The material fills of International Reply Coupons and several to whom 13 bulging ring binders covering 32 generations of I have sent copious material failed to render thanks. the Carew descendants of Walter FitzOther. I have In September 1999 my “The Origins of the not attempted to count the individuals. Carews: An update” appeared in the Genealogists’ Magazine. It brought enough post to keep me busy Cards for weeks! More than 8,000 non-armigers, including my own My own ancestors of the name appeared in ancestors, are recorded on cards filling six shoe Bristol in time to be head-counted as Papists in the boxes. Until the end of the 18th century variant late 18th century. The head of the family was a spellings such as CAREWE, CARO, CAROO, CARRO, cooper by trade. He had no doubt gone to Bristol, CARROWE and CARUE are treated as if they were then a thriving port, in order to find work. The CAREW, cards being filed by alphabetical order of likelihood is that he and his wife had crossed by the Christian name and then by date order in a series of ferry from Waterford. ❍ five boxes. The sixth box contains post-1799 variant spellings, JOAN RICHARDSON aliases, double-barrelled names and persons bearing Member 1217 Carew as a forename, these latter being filed by 3 Sycamore Close alphabetical order of surname. I am listed here Court Road under my maiden name of Buckett. Mottingham Each card in all six boxes indicates the geographi- London SE9 4RD

12 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Original records and hand-written family trees were basis of my study By Eddie Pollikett S ONE of the Guild’s earlier members details of the deceased person but can show benefi- (Number 1013) I have, over 28 years, ciaries and sums or chattels left to them, collated 47 separate family trees based relationship to the deceased and, if lucky, addresses. upon an original entry for our adopted Wills are on record from the mid-13th century and surname from one of the earliest Court Rolls, where are, as we know, a gold mine for genealogists. I found, in 1234, a Ralph POLECOT. Another “must” visit is to the Public Record Office I regard him as the family “Godfather” who was (now The National Archives) at Kew. Any geneal- to spawn over 1,000 descendants to date. My own ogist with military interests can gather information surname is one of four main variants to the original on those serving their country, while transportation which, like many others, was formed around the lists to the colonies and passenger lists of emigrants end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th centuries are also kept there and much, more more. – a time when Edward I introduced his Act through Next came the parish registers, which can take parliament giving his male subjects the right to one back to 1538, though there are many gaps choose a surname for their families. because some records were destroyed by rats, water In my earliest begin- and civil disturbances. From there I was able to nings, I did not have a reach further back to 1234 through the Court Rolls. clue where to start, so I joined an evening class Trees in genealogy. I learnt a My family trees were all hand-written at first. lot, but one particular Having so many eventually, I then proceeded to the remark the tutor made laborious task of typing them all out on my trusty has always stuck in my IBM electric typewriter to give tidiness to them. mind: “There are no Three years ago I upgraded them through one of my short cuts in family daughters who used her computer to make them all research.” He also told uniform. These are now in a compact binder and, us to make every effort for all-time safe keeping, I have willed everything I to view originally hold on our family histories to the Guild. recorded facts first, My extractions are mostly in one book as I took before referring to those which have been extracted them down. I call it my “Bible of extractions”. I also by someone else. hold around 100 certificates, which were purchased He meant, of course, at the time, the collection of to establish a given line, and six lever arch files Mormon records available on microfiche (the IGI), containing all correspondence sent and received material in books and other extracted sources. over 28 years. They, too, are numbered. I use 5” by Today we have the Internet to assist us, carrying 3” cards to record all information located on those worldwide information – but all of it is reproduced 1,000-plus people, all kept in the proverbial box. Call from those originally penned records made during me old-fashioned, but it works for me. the course of hundreds of years and, with respect, My original surname, POLLICOTT, derives from not always with 100 per cent accuracy. two hamlets in Buckinghamshire called Upper and Internet research has been with us only a few Lower Pollicott. My earliest ancestor recorded in years and it will take a long time before everything 1234 was living not more than four miles from these is available in this medium. I am so pleased I took hamlets and, I believe, chose the place name as his the advice of my tutor way back in 1975 and can newly bestowed surname. These hamlets were honestly say that my extractions have always been mentioned in the Domesday Book. They have taken from first-hand information at record offices. changed little over the years and there are no A greater portion of these came from St. Catherine’s landmarks by which they can be recognised. House in central London, where all GRO births, We Polliketts are fairly rare, too – fewer than 300 marriages and deaths were formerly indexed. These of us worldwide. ❍ are now at the Family Records Centre at Islington. Two minutes’ walk away was the census search EDWARD C POLLIKETT room off Chancery Lane and a five-minute walk saw Member 1013 me in Somerset House at Aldwych, where all pro- 42 Beresford Road bated wills and finalised divorce papers used to be Chandlers Ford held. Wills were – and still are – a valuable tool for Eastleigh extending family lines, for they not only contain full Hampshire SO53 2LY

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December2004 13 FINALLY, after months of anticipation, the Second things to run automatically from the CD, though; Edition of the National Burial Index has been you’ll have to find and run the program called released and early indications on the Guild Book- setup.exe, on disk 1. stall suggest that the publisher, the Federation of Once I’d installed the software, I had a small Family History Societies, has a major success on its problem. Each time I started up the NBI Viewer hands. program, I was presented with the message: “Please So, what’s it like? Is there something in it for you? insert NBI Disk 1, select OK and restart application”, Is it worth its cover price of £45? Is there a market even when disk 1 was already inserted. I ejected the stall where you can buy it much more cheaply? Or CD and re-inserted it. Same thing! Then I realised can you get it on the internet? Can you get your that I should wait for the little green light on the CD friend with a CD burner to run you off a copy? I’ve drive to go out before I clicked on OK, and re- been fortunate to be one of those who have been started the NBI Viewer. The software clearly had to able to get an early copy and so I’d like to give you read something from the CD to be able to continue an honest appraisal (well, hopefully), based on my – this must be the famous copy protection we’ve admittedly early reactions. heard about. I had to go through this procedure every time I started to use NBI 2. I found this very First impressions clumsy and it’s a pity. Being a bit bloody-minded, I I’m impressed! This is a beautiful piece of packag- put the copy protection to the test and tried to copy ing – if the FFHS wants to encourage sales, this is the annoying disk 1. I failed! definitely the way to do it. Once you get into it, there’s Member societies who have a familiar feel to the NBI contributed to this product Viewer. Ah, yes – It’s a Steve should be pleased. When you Archer program! And users of work a bookstall you learn NBI 1 will be immediately at that, while you may not be home, as the buttons seem to able to tell a book by its be identical. cover, it certainly helps to sell The records are arranged it. The four CDs that make up chronologically: disk 1 covers NBI 2 are neatly contained the 16th century to 1760, disk within what I can only call a 2 has records from 1761 to "wrap", unfolding like a 1825; disk 3 has 1826 to 1860; swiss roll. The wrap is then encased in a sturdy box, and disk 4 contains entries from 1861 to 2003 (yes, about the same size as a decent novel. really!). Unfortunately, this makes for lots of eject- What’s in it? That’s the thing – lots of stuff. ing and inserting, especially if you’re looking for Thirteen million burials, if you read the blurb. That’s ancestors in the years covered by several CDs. a heck of a resource, and a lot more than the But there’s a facility to copy the CDs to your hard previous version. But it’s worth emphasising that, drive, and that seemed like a good idea. From the while that’s a lot, it’s still just an index, not the menu I selected Tools > User Setup and then clicked burial records themselves, despite what it says on on Help to find the instructions. I needed about two the box. gigabytes to copy all the data, but the disk copy I have to confess to a little impatience with the utility was easy to use and it was much quicker to title. A National Burial Index it is not – sorry. A move through the years after that. I really recom- number of Welsh counties are not represented at mend that you do this, assuming you have the space all. Oh, and in case it slipped your notice, this is an on your hard drive, of course. But I still had to insert index to burials in England and Wales – not a Scot- disk 1 into the CD drive every time I wanted to start tish or Irish record in sight. Perhaps, understandably, up NBI 2. Blimey! Even Bill Gates isn’t this paranoid! the counties are also not uniformly represented. There’s a splendid set of Yorkshire West Riding Searching entries, which I’m sure will please Roy Stockdill [He's When you start it up, NBI 2 looks very plain just jealous! – Editor] but Middlesex, where so many indeed and, although there’s a menu bar with a few of my immediate ancestors were buried, is pitifully options, there’s really only one significant function: represented with just 15,000 burials, and there are Search. I did the obvious thing. I clicked on the even fewer Hampshire and Devon entries. Before Search button (you can also use F2) and typed you buy, please make sure you check the county list BENBROOK into the Surname field of the Search on the back of the box. window. Wow – 256 entries! What? Just BEN- BROOKs? Well, actually, no. I’d left the option set Installation that included variants, so I got BENBRICK and To be able to use NBI 2, you’ll need to install the BAMBROOKE, etc. Still – doing it again gave me 23 NBI Viewer program. I found this to be quite entries, even with the exact spelling. straightforward, following the instructions inside Now, I know BENBROOK is pretty unusual, but I the opening layer of the “swiss roll”. Don’t expect could have expected more than 23 entries over a

14 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 465-year span. The answer is, of course, that not all and I mean well over a thousand – surnames that the BENBROOKs are there. I can’t, of course, expect begin “...”. In other words, entries that have been full coverage (see my later remarks) and heck, where difficult to transcribe. Make sure you examine these else could I get all this data collected together? I entries carefully, using whatever criteria you need. went back to the list of my variants. And by the way, you can use the usual wildcards, * As an ex-actor, I was instantly attracted to Mary for zero or more characters, ? for a single character, Hathaway BANBROOK. Was there – perhaps, a when you search for a surname. tenuous link with Shakespeare’s wife? Both were from Warwickshire, after all. A double-click on that Exporting data entry brought up a window with the details of the It’s all very well looking at all this data, but you’ll record and showing the distribution of all the want to do something with it. You have two choices: BENBROOK variants, with a spot for Mary Hathaway you can print a report or save the information in highlighted in red. Clicking on some of the yellow another format ("exporting"). You can choose to spots nearby revealed other local burials spanning print all your entries if you have a short list, but you several hundred years – further confirmation that might like to use the tagging feature to mark all the likely source of my surname is the Warwickshire/ those entries that you’d like to report. Staffordshire border. One thing’s for sure, I’m going One of the strengths of NBI 2, though, is that you to have to explore Mary Hathaway BANBROOK can export your chosen entries to a GEDCOM for- some more! That alone makes NBI 2 valuable to me. mat, a .dbf (dBASE III) file or a table in an html (web) page. Now, that is what I call useful. Backwards step So – is it worth £45? For some, of course, this is One thing that seems to have gone backwards simply a must-have item (bless them), but it really from NBI 1 is that you can now only display 500 depends on your expectations and how you intend entries at a time, rather than the previous limit of to use it, not to mention the depth of your pockets! 2,000. When you have a body of records, it’s pro- The problem I find with a data-on-CD product is that bably a good idea to sort your list into some sort of it’s very much like buying a haystack in the desper- sequence, and clicking on the heading at the top of ate hope that your needle is somewhere in it. each column will use that data to sort on. If you Let me offer some tentative analysis. Between need to sort on, say, date within county, use the 1538 and, say, 1900 there were perhaps 15 genera- Multi-Column Sort button: tions who lived and were buried. Across all those Perhaps the most perplexing part of this resource generations, the average population of England and is in the Unique Surnames Search tab of the Search Wales would have been – shall we say 10 million? window. What this reveals is that there are lots of – If you accept my figure, this means that over that period there would have been something like 150 million burials. If that is so, then NBI 2 is an index to less than 10% of the total, which means you have no better than a 1 in 10 chance that you’ll find your ancestor. This doesn’t seem to be good value to the casual family historian. But to a one-namer I think this is an attractive proposi- tion. Ten per cent of all the people with my study name in just one purchase? None of that endless trawling through county-based indexes, just in case I come across that special surname? It sounds like good value to me, especially as I shall discount it to members. I, therefore, have no hesitation in recommending NBI 2 to you. ❍

A view of the NBI 2 screen showing the results of a search for Benbrook and • HOWARD BENBROOK is the variants, with an individual record for Mary Hathaway Banbrook in detail Guild's Bookstall Manager.

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 15 was 1,291 in a total national population of 29,875,026. Due to space reasons, it was not possible to publish the Modern mapping of your ONS surname full table, so only those counties where Heps actually By Dr David occurred are shown. For all other counties, the figures by postcode compared with mapping are zero. Heppenstall The Branwell index is the prevalence of a surname in from 1881 census data a given area, divided by the prevalence in the whole Mellor country, and allows the prevalence of different sur- names to be compared. A Branwell index of <1 means Genealogical Index has been used for mapping but little relationship to the old North, West and East the surname is less prevalent than the country average suffers from the fact that parishes are only variably Ridings. and an index of >1 means it is more prevalent. urname mapping is a valuable tool for the one- represented both in place and in time. • Another advantage is that the populations in For example, a Branwell index of 3 for a county namer. Not only does it show clearly those The GRO Indexes, especially those of births, should postcode areas tend to be much more uniform than the means the surname is three times more prevalent in parts of the country which call for his or her lend themselves well to surname mapping by registra- widely differing populations of the various counties. that county than in the country as a whole. Figure 1 detailed attention, but it often gives clues as tion district. However, by their very nature they are not To explore these considerations further, I have looked shows a map of Great Britain with the counties coded in to the origin of the surname in question.1 able to give true point prevalences, although they will proportion to the prevalence of Heps. The greatest If the surname is mapped more than once over a give very informative incidences over set periods of prevalence of Heps is clearly in the West Riding of period of time, the pattern of any migration can be time. Yorkshire – 405 per million population – with a sur- easily made out. Finally, the mapping of the different Modern telephone directories are unreliable as an rounding penumbra (Durham 71, Yorkshire East Riding variants of the surname in question can show striking index of surname prevalence, as in the past telephone 63 and Nottinghamshire 61 per million population) and regional differences, which may sometimes be related ownership was not universal and also as nowadays more low prevalence elsewhere in the country. to local variations in pronunciation. and more people elect to be ex-directory. One major problem is being sure that one has as Rogue results complete a sample of the surname as possible, prefer- 1881 best source The relatively high prevalences in the Isle of Man and ably at one point in time. The International The 1881 census is the best source of surnames for Anglesey probably represent “rogue” results as in the County Heps Population Heps/million Branwell mapping, as the data is readily available, virtually former, three visitors, and in the latter, a single Hep complete and reflects a single point in time. This family of six persons, occurred within very low popula- population index is now particularly true with the publication of tion counties. The overall prevalence in Great Britain Yorkshire West Riding 883 2175134 405 9.4 Steve Archer’s British Surname Atlas program, was 43 per million population. Anglesey 6 50964 117 2.7 which uses the 1881 census figures and allows These results support Dr George Redmonds’ conten- Durham 62 867586 71 1.6 any surname to be mapped by county or Poor tion that Heppenstall and variants are locative surnames Yorkshire East Riding 23 365028 63 1.5 Law Union. Other censuses may become useful derived from Heptonstall, in the Calder Valley near Nottinghamshire 24 391984 61 1.4 sources in the future as electronic transcripts Halifax, with subsequent ramification particularly in the Isle of Man 3 53492 56 1.3 become available. West Riding of Yorkshire.4,5 Derbyshire 20 461141 44 1 Electoral rolls for the whole of the United I have recently extracted the figures for the surname Lancashire 136 3454225 39 0.9 Kingdom are published annually by i-CD Publish- and variants from the 2001 electoral rolls, together with Lincolnshire 15 469994 32 0.7 ing as UK-Info Disks. Surnames and their variants the associated postcode districts. Total and under-18 Leicestershire 10 321018 31 0.7 can be easily extracted and counted. In theory, years of age population figures for postcode districts in Warwickshire 17 737188 23 0.5 these numbers should represent the total people England and Wales are given in the Geoplan Postcode 6 Worcestershire 7 380291 18 0.4 over 17 years of age in the UK in a given year Marketing Directory , from which it is easy to calculate with a particular surname. This statement was populations of over-17-year olds in each postcode Cheshire 11 643237 17 0.4 probably reliable until recently, when it has been district. From the data I calculated the prevalence per Huntingdonshire 1 59614 17 0.4 possible for a person to be on the electoral roll million population of Heps and variants and Branwell Sussex 8 490316 16 0.4 but to request his or her name not to appear in indices for each postcode district (Table 2, page 18). Northumberland 6 434124 14 0.3 the published lists. However, limiting usage to Figure 2 (page 18) shows a map of England and Middlesex 33 2918814 11 0.3 the electoral rolls before 2002 should avoid this Figure 1 – 1881 census map illustrating the prevalence Wales with the postcode districts coded in proportion to Kent 10 977585 10 0.2 problem. of the surname Heppenstall and variants per million the prevalence of Heps. The greatest prevalence of Heps Somerset 3 469010 6 0.1 population by county. Key shows prevalence groups, were in the postcode districts of Wakefield (1,152 per Yorkshire North Riding 2 346147 6 0.1 Advantages with corresponding Branwell indices in brackets million), Huddersfield (995), Halifax (675) and Sheffield Hampshire 3 593487 5 0.1 Mapping for surnames extracted from the (407) with a surrounding penumbra (Bradford 281, Angus/Forfarshire 1 268653 4 0.1 electoral rolls can be by county or by postcode. at my Heppenstall and Variants One-Name Study. I had Harrogate 229, York 171, Leeds 169, Doncaster 167 and Glamorganshire 2 511672 4 0.1 Postcode mapping has definite advantages... previously extracted the figures for the surname and Lincoln 151 per million). Northamptonshire 1 272524 4 0.1 • The postcode is always given for every entry, variants in the 1881 census. I obtained the 1881 census The overall prevalence in England and Wales was 71 Midlothian/Edinburghshire 1 388649 3 0.1 whereas the county is often not recorded. It population figures for each county in the whole of per million population. This is higher than the figure could be ascertained from the town or city, but Great Britain from the 1881 House of Commons Parlia- obtained from the 1881 census and is partly explained Essex 1 575930 2 0 this would be time-consuming and, since reor- mentary Papers2,3. This then allowed me to calculate the by the exclusion of Scotland where Heps are very Surrey 2 1435842 1 0 ganisation of county boundaries in 1974, prevalence per million population of Heppenstalls and infrequent, but must also represent a genuine increase Table 1 – the 1881 census of Britain, with the actual numbers of metropolitan areas have been designated and Variants (“Heps”) and the Branwell indices1 for each in both the absolute numbers and relative proportion of Heppenstall and variants, total county populations, Heppenstall many counties are now very different from county. Heps in the country as a whole. and variants per million head of population, and Branwell before that date. Yorkshire for example is divided The results are shown in Table 1, far left. The grand As well as showing the West Yorkshire hotspots, the indices by county, ordered by prevalence into North, West and South sectors which bear total of all Hepenstalls and variants in the 1881 census 2001 prevalence map demonstrates a more generalised

16 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 17 diffusion of people with the Hep and variants surname than in 1881. In the 1881 census 30 of the 53 counties in England and Wales were without a single Hep, but in 2001 only nine of the total of 104 postcode districts in England and Wales were without one. In conclusion the mapping of surnames obtained from pre-2002 electoral rolls plotted by postcode district seems to be a satisfactory way of looking at current surname distributions in England and Wales and complements the information shown on maps obtained by using the 1881 census data plotted by county or Poor Law Union. ❍

References 1. Rodgers, Colin (1995), The Surname Detec- tive: investigating surname distribution in England, 1066–present day. Manchester University. 2. House of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1881, vol 96: Census of England and Wales, and the Islands in the British Seas on 4th April 1881. 3. House of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1881, vol 96: Census of Scotland and its Islands on 4th April 1881. 4. Redmonds, George (1973), English Surname Series: Yorkshire West Riding. Phillimore 5. Redmonds, George (1992) Yorkshire Surname Figure 2 – England and Wales 2001 electoral rolls: Series Part Two: Huddersfield and District. Print- prevalence of the surname Heppenstall and variants per shop. million population by postcode district. Key shows 6. Geoplan Postcode Marketing Directory prevalence groups with corresponding Branwell indices (1996) Volume 1, First edition. Geoplan. in brackets. For clarity, London and its environs are Acknowledgements shown enlarged and displaced at the bottom of the map Harry Wykes kindly provided a bitmap image of Britain showing the historic Postcode District Heps Population Heps/million Branwell counties. The staff of Notting- >17 years >17 years X1000 population index ham Central Library gave WF Wakefield 417 362 1152 16.3 valuable advice on sources for HD Huddersfield 181 182 995 14.1 the population figures used in HX Halifax 77 114 675 9.6 this study. S Sheffield 406 998 407 5.8 BD Bradford 106 377 281 4 HG Harrogate 22 96 229 3.2 DAVID H MELLOR YO York 66 381 171 2.4 Member 3823 LS Leeds 91 540 169 2.4 2 Bromley Road DN Doncaster 91 544 167 2.4 West Bridgford LN Lincoln 29 192 151 2.1 Nottingham NG2 7AP FY Blackpool 32 222 144 2 [email protected] OL Oldham 38 332 115 1.6 WN Wigan 27 234 115 1.6 Left: Table 2 – England and DL Darlington 26 267 97 1.4 SG Stevenage 26 267 97 1.4 Wales 2001 electoral rolls: WR Worcester 18 195 92 1.3 Heppenstall and variants SK Stockport 40 461 87 1.2 aged over 17 years, total CH Chester 15 190 79 1.1 population of postcode TS Cleveland 35 442 79 1.1 district over 17 years, CW Crewe 16 212 76 1.1 Heppenstall and variants per HR Hereford 9 118 76 1.1 million population and BB Blackburn 25 349 72 1 Branwell indices by postcode PE Peterborough 40 574 70 1 district ordered by BL Bolton 18 274 66 0.9 prevalence. Only those PO Portsmouth 38 574 66 0.9 districts with an index figure SR Sunderland 13 203 64 0.9 of 0.9 and over are shown

18 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 History and development of the Guild from its early days By Derek A Palgrave, President

ments in the UK, with newsletters and magazines DEREK PALGRAVE, President of the Guild of from the Butlers, Filbys, Olivers and Higginbottoms3. One-Name Studies, was among the founder At the same time, a more general awareness of members who met at a historic meeting in family history was beginning to emerge. Leicester in 1978 to discuss establishing a body Genealogical Societies were set up at Cambridge for one-namers. Since those days, the Guild has University and in Birmingham, Manchester and grown and developed probably beyond the Norwich. Those responsible included people like wildest imagination of its pioneers. This article is Don Steel and Fred Markwell, whilst in Canterbury based on Derek’s address to the Silver Jubilee Cecil Humphery-Smith had founded the Institute to Conference at Wyboston Lakes, Bedfordshire, in foster the study of Genealogy and Heraldry. By the April this year. We felt that, as we celebrate our early 1970s the seeds of future co-operation had 25 years of existence, members who were not been sown. There was a proposal to hold the Inter- privileged to hear Derek’s talk, including many national Congress of Heraldic and Genealogical who have joined only recently, would like to Sciences in England in 1976, so clearly the time was know something of the Guild’s early history. ripe for interested parties to support this initiative. HE CONCEPT of concentrating on the study A major conference was arranged on June 8 1974 to of a single surname is not entirely new but establish a Federation of Family History Societies. the techniques now adopted by practi- There were 11 founding societies, including at the tioners in this field are radically different outset representatives of one-name studies. from those employed, say, 170 years ago. I am sure Robert Palgrave (1812–1841), who was Supporter probably the first to look into the origins of the A strong supporter was the Swinnerton Society, Palgraves, would have found progress a great deal so ably represented by Iain Swinnerton, who was more tedious. Nevertheless, he accumulated suffi- also President of the Birmingham and Midland SFGH cient genealogical data about various bearers of his and was elected the first Chairman of the Federa- surname to inspire his brother, Thomas, to petition tion. He subsequently approached several other for a grant of Armorial bearings. The College of one-name societies to seek their involvement. Arms asked for more evidence, which resulted in a By 1977 one-third of the members of the FFHS comprehensive investigation by a local antiquarian were one-name societies, so a sub-committee was in Norfolk and Rouge Croix Pursuivant. Their set up of Iain Swinnerton, Michael Walcot and research became a one- Michael Dalton, with myself as chairman, to address name study1 which a the needs of this significant group. Its duties were younger brother, firstly to generate a Register4 of surnames which Charles Palgrave, con- were being comprehensively studied and, secondly, sidered worthy of pub- to draft some guidelines5 on forming and managing lication in 1878. a one-name group. These tasks were accomplished The Palgraves were by the end of 1977. by no means alone. In Whilst we recognised that many family historians Staffordshire, the Rev were sympathetic to our approach, we were con- Charles Swynnerton scious not all of them were keen to establish a one- produced a number of name group. Many felt they might not be able to articles and papers dur- devote the necessary time to the organisational Charles Palgrave, an early ing the 1870s, featuring aspects. The sub-committee were of the opinion pioneer of one-namers the Swinnertons, which that the way forward might be to set up a new later were published in part of Volume VII of Collec- structure to accommodate individual one-namers. tions for a History of Staffordshire. We proposed a conference, with a programme of In the United States in 1892, Francis P Rathbone lectures and discussions, to ventilate all the issues launched a 16-page monthly magazine called the likely to appeal to those involved in one-name Rathbone Family Historian. This ran for only 30 studies. We involved several other individuals with issues but was revived by descendants in 1991. Since relevant skills and knowledge, including Fred Filby, then there have been many other U.S. initiatives2, John Marfleet, Frank Higenbottam and Eunice especially from the late 1930s onwards. Two or three Wilson, and we chose the Grand Hotel at Leicester decades later there were corresponding develop- over the weekend of May 13–14 1978, when we

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 19 attracted 66 participants to the first One-Name indexes such as the Prerogative Courts of Canterbury Conference. We covered a wide range of topics from and York. How To Start to Producing a Newsletter and Provided they had such information to hand, Organising a Gathering. There were formal and members would be better placed to deal with informal discussions, culminating in a final session to enquiries from the public who had consulted the discuss Future Developments. This was very produc- Register. In addition, there was a view that tive and the outcome was a formal resolution, enquirers needed to know if the individual regis- carried unanimously, to establish a Guild of trant represented a one-name group, published a individuals engaged in one-name research. regular periodical, lived overseas or had some other The meeting went on to set up a steering com- attribute limiting his or her study, so categories A, B, mittee, charged with drafting a constitution and C, D and E were introduced – although many ques- arranging an inaugural meeting. Those proposed tioned their usefulness. were Fred Filby, Frank Higenbottam, David Rose, A further priority was to provide opportunities Pauline Saul, Hugh Cave and Sydney Brewin – who for members to meet on a regular basis. The support had not gone to Leicester to attend the conference for the 1978 conference at Leicester suggested the but was staying at the hotel and decided the meet- venue had been well chosen, so it became a natural ing might be interesting! choice for the Annual Confer- ence and AGM. However, Guild launch with so many members living The Guild of One-Name Studies was launched the in the Home Counties, Leices- following year on September 1 1979 at the College ter was alternated with of St Mark and St John in Plymouth, where the suitable venues in London. Federation held its Autumn Council Meeting during Each year additional meetings a conference hosted by the Family History Societies were arranged to coincide of Devon and Cornwall. Within a few months, with the Spring and Autumn approximately 200 members had enrolled and in conferences in conjunction 1980 the first Newsletter was circulated, edited by with FFHS Council Meetings. This was not entirely satisfac- Frank Higenbottam, author of Running a Family FRED FILBY, first tory owing to the inevitably History Bulletin on a Shoestring, assisted by David Guild Chairman Rose. Fred Filby became the first Chairman, also overloaded timetables at such taking on the role of Registrar. Pauline Saul (now events, so the Guild instigated a series of stand- Pedersen) was Secretary and Sydney Brewin, whom alone regional meetings, the first of which was held we discovered was a chartered accountant, filled the at Canterbury in Autumn 1982. office of Treasurer. One of the first priorities was to publish a fully Logo revised version of the Register of One-Name Studies Others followed at venues around the country, and to define the criteria for inclusion. The commit- with the intention of providing every member of tee believed that to qualify for registration one the Guild with an opportunity to attend a meeting needed to have a significant body of data relating within reasonable distance of his or her home. to the given surname and its variants. It was sug- As the proliferation of meetings far and wide was gested that entries be extracted from current raising the profile of the Guild, the committee telephone directories, civil registration indexes of invited members to design a distinctive logo. David births, marriages and deaths and national probate Pulvertaft came up with an outstanding design incorporating a monkey- puzzle tree and the ace of spades to emphasise the “one” in one-name. One of its early applications was on the cover of the Journal of One-Name Studies, which replaced the Newsletter which hitherto had been duplicated by Fred Filby in a bedroom. The Guild went on to commission lapel badges, ties, magazine binders and even beer mats An early gathering of one-namers at Stourbridge, Worcestershire,in 1977. Left bearing this unique device. to right: Michael Dalton, Royston Gambier, Derek Palgrave, Kenneth Grubb, David Pulvertaft also offered Iain Swinnerton, Eunice Wilson, Fred Filby, Michael Grazebrook, Duncan members the chance to add Harrington and Michael Walcot a scroll beneath the emblem

20 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 featuring their registered surname, so it could be made considerable progress, especially as the web used on their own headed notepaper. has gained in importance following the appoint- The death of Frank Higenbottam in 1982 not only ment of a data-processing manager and webmaster. deprived us of an outstanding editor but high- In fact, the ease of communication via the Internet lighted the perennial problem faced by all has been spectacularly successful within the Guild, genealogists in general and one-namers in particu- which differs from most other family history socie- lar: the fate of their accumulated research data. ties because its members never see one another at Frank had already arranged for his collection to be regular monthly meetings. deposited at a library in Lancashire in the area It has given me a great deal of personal satisfac- where the Higginbottoms and variants had evolved. tion to have facilitated the Guild’s collaboration An appeal was launched within the Guild to provide with the lexicographers Patrick Hanks and Flavia a suitable memorial for Frank, which eventually Hodges. As a result of their attending one of our raised sufficient funds for the purchase of cabinets Annual Conferences, to explain the methodology to house such one-name material in the Society of behind their new dictionary, followed by circulating Genealogists Library. a questionnaire with our Journal, 300 hundred Guild Although Basil Labouchardiere volunteered to members were able to make valuable contributions take on the task of editor for a few issues, it was which were included in the final publication6. Iain Swinnerton who faced the challenge during the We also collaborated with Professor Gabriel period 1983–1986. The magazine more than Lasker and Dr C G N Mascie-Taylor, whose interest doubled in size over this period, increasing from 16 was in the distribution of surnames as indicators of to 36 pages. Clearly, this represented an expansion the genetic structure of populations. The outcome of the Guild’s publishing activity, reflecting the of this was an Atlas of British Surnames7. More overall growth of interest by its membership. This recently there has been much interest in DNA was further enhanced by regular editions of the comparisons and their implications within one-name Register and specialist publications such as Surname studies. In a BBC series on Radio 4, presented by Periodicals by Joan Marker and Kelvin Warth, which George Redmonds in 2001, members of the Guild appeared in 1987, and Organising a One-Name were able to take part. Gathering by Colin Ulph in 1988. We have much to celebrate. Our members have pioneered the one-name approach to family history, Outstanding tackling the problems of interpreting variant spell- During its first 10 years the Guild had made ings and estimating the sizes of specific populations, outstanding progress. By 1989 it was well estab- including those of the high frequency surnames. We lished with a membership around 1,500. At the have devised convenient methods of recording Tenth Anniversary Conference, held in Swindon, I information, making contact with other bearers of was invited to make some predictions about its the selected name and bringing them together. future. It seemed clear membership would continue The research methodology is now widely appre- to expand and, hopefully, would include more from ciated and the Guild is seen as an important strand overseas. I expected our regional activities to in the network of institutions which foster family become more ambitious and more of our members history and its related subjects. It has been an would participate in Guild functions. honour and a privilege to have been involved. ❍ We needed to share our expertise more widely by offering specialist lectures to other organisations, References publishing booklets derived from our practical 1 Palgrave Family Memorials – Palmer and Tucker, experience in one-name research, and developing 1878 indexing projects with a more universal appeal. I felt 2 Howard Quarterly, USA, 1936; Shambaugh there were many other facets of one-name study we Families Newsletter, USA, 1940; Presgraves had not addressed and that we ought to be collab- Reunion, USA, 1945; Babcock Bulletin, USA, 1953; orating more effectively with linguists, lexicogra- Clay Family Quarterly, USA, 1966 phers and those in other academic disciplines. Most 3 J Butler Soc, UK, 1968; Filby Newsletter and of all, it was important we grasped the opportuni- Oliver Soc Mag, UK, 1969; Higginbottom Fam ties open to us through improved and widely Bulletin, UK, 1970 available information technology. 4 Register of One Name Studies, FFHS, 1977 I am very pleased to note that most of my predic- 5 Forming a One Name Group, Derek A Palgrave, tions have come to pass. Our membership has FFHS, 1977 continued to expand, regional events have prolifer- 6 A Dictionary of Surnames, Hanks & Hodges, ated and one-name studies have been more widely Oxford Univ Press, 1988 promoted through lectures and publications. The 7 Atlas of British Surnames, Lasker & Mascie- role of regional and international representatives, Taylor, Wayne State Univ Press, 1990 which was encouraged by the efforts of Keith Meredith and others, has proved particularly benefi- DEREK A PALGRAVE MA FRHistS FSG cial. Our marriage and other indexing projects have President, the Guild of One-Name Studies

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 21 Nottingham Computer Seminar lived up to expectations By Robert Golder

HE GUILD’S regional has not yet upgraded to a win- cannot easily be found in the seminars are a way for dows based program, I found this 1901 census. I personally gave up members to meet and presentation extremely helpful. trying to trace my great-grand- exchange ideas. The An excellent buffet lunch was father and his family in the 1901 seminar held at the Nuthall Tem- provided and there was plenty census online. I was confident ple Community Centre, near left for those who wanted that he had moved from Kent to Nottingham, on Saturday, August seconds. Warwickshire by 1901, but 23, lived up to expectations and The session after lunch is resorted to a blanket search of provided a welcome break from always my downfall! After an the 1901 census microfiche for the Olympic Games. On this occa- excellent lunch, I have been Warwickshire before I eventually sion, it also gave members from known to rest with my eyes found him. I will try again online other parts of the country the closed at such events. Howard to see if I can trace him, trying opportunity to see the Midlands. Benbrook drew the short straw some of the different types of The emphasis of the day was for the after-lunch presentation, errors that Howard showed in his upon different aspects of the use when it is not always easy to presentation. of computers in genealogy and The final presentation of the one-name studies. The 50-plus day was “Service Records Online” members present included a cross by Helen Williams, another excel- section of beginners and experi- lent presentation with examples enced users of computers. of the different websites. Helen Jeanne Bunting started the day provided the audience with a with a presentation of the differ- helpful handout of the sources ent ways in which computers can mentioned in her presentation. It be used by one-namers. It was was not a definitive list but a amusing and even experienced personal selection, which even computer users picked up some experienced users would appre- tips from this presentation. ciate and gain ideas for further research. Package Over the years I have attended John Hanson gave the next a number of regional seminars presentation on “Genealogy Pro- Helen Williams spoke on and have found that it is often grams for One-Name Studies”. It’s Service Records Online the question-and-answer sessions clearly impossible to cover all during the various presentations programs in depth in one hour, keep the attention of an audi- and at the end of the day that yet he gave a good overview of ence. However, there was no are so helpful. I certainly picked the different features of pack- problem on this occasion. For the up some new ideas from these ages that should be taken into benefit of members who have sessions on the day. account when deciding which not met Howard, they will not be On a personal note, all the software package to choose. aware that in an earlier period of people who gave their time to He used examples from two his life he was a thespian (or organise and take part in the widely used packages, Family Tree actor). This came over in his pre- seminar, provide the buffet lunch Maker and Family Historian, sentation of “Census Sources and and welcome mugs of tea and although he did mention and Pitfalls Online”, using material coffee. should be congratulated. provide examples from other and examples provided by Jeanne The location close to junction 26 packages. Bunting. of the M1 and parking next to As a user of Pedigree myself (a I remained awake and learned the Centre also contributed to an blue-screen DOS program) who of a lot more reasons why people excellent day. ❍

22 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 will be completely free of charge to both societies and held in the Lecture Theatre at the Chelms- ford Record Office. This is a purpose-built lecture theatre Unusual Studies Seminar with all the latest projection equipment and there is an over- at Swindon in November flow room with a video link. Because of the limitation on By Jeanne Bunting numbers, booking a place will be essential and to make it fair to N A lecture at the Federa- what you could find out about both societies, booking will open tion of Family History the slaves and their owners. He on December 13 2004 and no Societies’ Loughborough will share some of this applications will be processed Conference, A Flight of Yes- knowledge. He will also give an before that date. Places will be terdays, in August, Roy Stockdill update on the National Archives. allocated on a first-come-first- asked whether one-namers were Beryl Hurley, in the course of served basis. the anoraks or aristocrats of fam- her research into the Peapell There will be a form on the ily history. I have found that name, came across a group of Guild website nearer the time. Go many of us start by collecting records containing letters written to: http://www.one-name.org/ names dates and places but quite by those living away from their timetable.html and select "Essex often go off at a tangent to place of settlement to apply for Seminar". investigate something interesting relief. She is using them as the Further details will be obtain- that we have uncovered in the basis for this lecture and we will able by e-mailing me at process. be privileged to be the first to [email protected] or Often, putting the meat on the hear it. writing to me (stamped bones can be very rewarding and It promises to be a very inter- addressed envelope please) at transform you from an anorak to esting day, so make a note of the Firgrove, Horseshoe Lane, Ash an aristocrat. This is the premise venue and date: Gorse Hill Baptist Vale, Surrey GU12 5LL. No more of a rather special seminar we are Church, Cricklade Road, Swindon, details will be available until the holding at Swindon, Wiltshire, on Wiltshire, Saturday, November 27. beginning of December. There Saturday, November 27. This will also be a reminder in the event is called the “Unusual January Journal. Studies Seminar” and came about Maps and If this new venture proves suc- because of four such aristocrats. cessful, we will look to join with Marjorie Moore will be talking Directories in other societies for occasional about her Belaney One-Name similar seminars in the future. Study, reputedly one of the rarest Chelmsford names in the country. This led her IN a completely new initiative, we to the discovery of Grey Owl, a are joining with the Essex Society Right to move Red Indian who she describes as for Family History for our seminars around “an alcoholic, womaniser and February Seminar on February 19 charismatic speaker”. 2005, when the subject will be the country maps and directories for family The Computer Seminar in historians. Jacobite glass Nottingham proved that we are Speakers will include Evelyn Guild Member Dorothy Spottis- doing the right thing in trying to Cornell, Director of the Historical woode discovered that there was move around the country. We do Directories Project at Leicester an “Amen Glass” in the Spottis- have a few “groupies” who travel University, and Clive Paine, well woode family. These glasses were about the country with us, but in known author, broadcaster and manufactured in Jacobite times the main those attending were lecturer in his native Suffolk, who and often bore a toast to the from within a 50-mile radius of will talk about tithe, estate and “King o’er the Water.” Dominic Nottingham. town maps. Johnson will tell Dorothy’s story. Seminars planned for the Guild member David Hawgood Guy Grannum, usually to be future in various parts of the will outline his project for prepar- found behind the help desk at country include Designing and ing tactile maps for the blind, the National Archives at Kew, Creating Web Sites, Occupations John Hanson will describe Com- found he had slave-owning and Unusual Sources, to mention puter Maps and Mapping and I ancestors in his family. Working but a few. will tell you how you can use in just the right place to research JEANNE BUNTING maps and directories to help you them, he became an expert on Chairman, Seminar Sub-Committee what records were available and find census entries more easily. It

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 23 tion, then just fill in a Bookstall adjustments. You should destroy order form. For my full review of the old price list when you get a the NBI, see page 14. new one. The web pages will also My ancestors were Cockneys, be updated to reflect the at least nine generations of East changes. Enders, so I am interested in anything about London sociology, Where we’ve been history and geography. A couple It’s a bit quiet at this time of of issues ago I was enthusiastic year, and there are only a few about a delightful little 1908 events to report. The York Family tourist map of London on CD. History Fair was, as usual, very Now, I am just as enthusiastic busy, and it was even busier for T OCCURRED to me as I sat about a pair of maps, also on CD, us this year because I’d secured a down to write this article that take us further back in time. site on the ground floor where that I had just passed my Each CD is a reproduction of a there is more activity. On a per- third anniversary. Three map by an esteemed cartogra- sonal note, for the very first time years running the Guild Book- pher of their time and displays I met my second cousins, Peter stall! Three years of loading and with your web browser. The first and Joan, who I’d found after unloading, driving across the is by John Rocque, who in 1746 some Internet sleuthing. We country, setting up and taking published a 26-inches-to-the-mile spent a pleasant evening in a down, counting, balancing and map that extended from Hyde restaurant, tying up all those banking the money, checking and Park in the west to Limehouse in missing family links. We’re still in ordering more stock in time for the east. This incredibly detailed touch, I’m pleased to say. the next event. And all this more map has been lovingly repro- A clash with an important date than 20 times a year. in my domestic calen- But there are joys, too, like the dar meant I handed delighted smile as you explain to the Bookstall over for some stranger that their name the Kent FHS Open probably has an origin in the Day, but we were very heart of the English countryside, busy for the Guild’s or that half-whispered remark as Computer Seminar at they finally tear themselves away: Nuthall, in Notting- “That’s fascinating!” When I hamshire. And we examine all the scars I’ve got were at the FFHS Con- from bashing those blue boxes ference, A Flight of about, I have to wonder why I’m Yesterdays, in Lough- doing this. But then I remember borough, where I can all that help we must have given report that my first efforts at selling that to novice genealogists, and I John Rocque’s map of London, 1746 know there’s a point to it. new edition of the NBI duced and is available to mem- were very successful. What’s new, what’s big bers for £20.25. Do you really have to be told The other is for mid-Victorian Where we’re going... what’s new and big? As trailed in enthusiasts. created in 1862 by The season begins again in ear- the last issue, the Big One this Edward Stanford. His map is a nest and, as we go into the season has to be the Second Edi- little more extensive, from She- autumn, those blue boxes will see tion of the National Burial Index. pherd’s Bush in the west to a lot of miles. Coming up: If you haven’t heard about it Canning Town in the east. This is • Guild Introductory Seminar, already, you must have been con- another lovely map, this time in Longdon, Staffs, October 2 sulting the archives on Mars! The colour, and reproduced at a high • Warwickshire FH Fair, new NBI has over 13 million resolution, so you can see every Leamington Spa, October 3 records and I’m undercutting the detail. Members’ price is £24.75. • Hastings & Rother FHS Fair competition by offering this £45 Hastings, Kent, October 10 article at a bargain basement Price List • Eastleigh FH Fair, Eastleigh, price of £36 to Guild members. If You should find a new, pink Hants October 17 you have the First Edition, price list with this Journal. There • WSFHS Open Day, Woking, though, you’ll need to contact are very few changes apart from Surrey, November 6 FFHS Publications who will the colour, but it’s my intention, • Norwich FH Fair, Norwich, upgrade it for £25. If you missed unless there are no changes at all, Norfolk, November 21 it the first time round and you’d to reissue the list with each new • Wimborne FH Fair, Wim- like to purchase the Second Edi- Journal to allow me to make borne, Dorset, November 28

24 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 If any of these places are in on the Bookstall. We promote the affair at Kent FHS Open Day, but your neck of the woods, pop in fascination of surname studies also Barbara Harvey (twice!) and and say hello. I’d be especially and, at the same time, make a at Maidstone Peter Copsey, Phil pleased if you could add your contribution to Guild funds. It Warn and Victor Medlock. own special brand of “one- seems to me a win-win situation, If you’d like to contact me nameness” behind the tables for because people just seem to have about any of the items on the an hour or two. Let me know if a jolly good time! This time Bookstall, e-mail me at you’re interested (address below). round I want to thank Roger [email protected], or Once again, I’m grateful to Goacher, Ken Toll and Bob Cum- write to 7 Amber Hill, Camberley, members who turn out to help berbatch, who ran the whole Surrey, GU15 1EB, UK.

ing about Guild members enquiries and would love to have not replying to enquiries. more. They provide the oppor- Almost all the letters or e- tunity to learn more about our mails start: “I found Mr X “family”, swap information and was studying the X name on extend our researches. All mem- your website/in a copy of bers, and the Guild as a whole, your Register at my local are judged by the response to Record Office/from enquiry enquiries. So there are a few at your Bookstall at a recent rules we should observe: FH Fair..” They often con- 1. Respond to enquiries tinue: “I wrote to Mrs Y promptly. If you are unable, for N conversation with mem- enclosing a reply-paid whatever reason, to provide a bers I know there are envelope. I understand from your detailed response immediately, various reasons why you membership terms that Mrs Y is send a “holding” reply, value your Guild member- obligated to reply to my query⁄” acknowledging receipt. ship – some welcome the arrival Many complaints are easily 2. Don’t promise what you of the Journal with its varied mix resolved. Often the letter has can’t deliver. Don’t say you will of articles, some the convenience never reached the member – mail provide a full response within a of the one-name.org e-mail seems to be increasingly going month unless you can do so. address, some the lively inter- astray – or the member has Complainants often raise this changes, helpful advice and changed their e-mail address point, “He/she promised to send sources given on the Forum. without informing us. Sometimes me a reply within four weeks; However I have rarely heard the member has short-term prob- three months later I have heard praise for the esteem in which lems responding to enquiries: an nothing and he/she doesn’t reply the Guild is held amongst the extended holiday, working away to e-mails”. general public, the wide publicity from home, an illness or family 3. If you don’t have any infor- given to members’ one-name crisis. When I know about these, I mation, don’t ignore the enquiry studies and the number of con- can correspond with the complai- or fob it off with an “I can’t help tacts received as a result. I have nant accordingly. you” reply. Suggest alternative even heard it said: “I have never But occasionally the member sources and any guidance you received any contacts as a result not only fails to respond to the think may be useful. Many of my membership of the Guild”. original enquiry but also fails to enquirers are just starting out on This surprises me. The Guild respond to my increasingly severe tracing their family history and advertises members’ studies letters asking for an update. The the last thing they need is a widely, both through our website Committee takes very seriously “stone wall” at that stage. You and the Register, which is circu- the reputation of the Guild and may even gain an ally in research. lated to all record offices and its members. We won’t hesitate 4. Keep in touch. By doing so principal libraries in the UK and to remove a registration if a you may gain valuable informa- some repositories in other coun- member fails to respond to tion if the enquirer continues tries. If you are studying an queries from the public and Guild their researches. uncommon name, it may be the Officers. If much of the above seems level of enquiries you receive is So don’t be aggrieved if you doom and gloom, I am heartened small. But can you be sure that get a letter from me about a by correspondence that says: enquiries you do get have not complaint I’ve received. Usually it “Despite my problems with Mr X, been generated in some way as a will just be a misunderstanding I have had enormous help from result of Guild publicity? that it is easily resolved. But Miss Y. We have been able to In the last year as the Guild please don’t ignore such letters exchange much information and “policeman”, I have received hoping they will go away – they she has pointed me in the direc- more than 40 messages from won’t! tion of a number of sources that I ❍ members of the public complain- Almost all members welcome wouldn’t have considered.”

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 25 charges £2 or five dollars (USA, Guild area Australia, New Zealand, Canada) for each reference he finds, and generally likes to work with an meeting is advance credit of five 10, or 20 about 1200, the bishops found it references in any of four time addressed by necessary to try to keep records periods. He uses the address 67, of who was a genuine priest, as Chancery Lane, London WC2A FONS man opposed to impostors. These are 1AF to avoid the impression that mostly English records, as the he only covers Staffordshire, but By Gordon Adshead Scots and Irish churches were in in practice most of his customers decay and the Welsh records have contact him at: The Strines, Leek, N INTERESTING Guild been lost. ST13 8UL. area meeting, organised To cover the variant problem, by the Derbyshire Registered he prefers customers to fill in a Regional Representative, Four times a year, virtually form that indicates a range of Ron Duckett, was held in Stret- everyone who learned Latin or surname spellings that are to be ton, Burton-on-Trent, on wanted to be a clerk would be searched and also a range of Saturday, September 18. registered by suffragan bishops, alternatives that are to be Most of the afternoon was whether they were acolytes, sub- excluded. taken up by a fascinating presen- deacons, deacons or priests. Most David earned an extra bonus tation by David Bethell of the would be around 21 years of age. point from me, as he had a fair FONS organisation. This was fol- If they came from outside the degree of interest and lowed by a useful discussion with diocese, they would come with a knowledge of the origin of the Ken Toll our hard-working Chair- guarantee from some worthy ADSHEAD surname. ❍ man, covering what the Guild is gentleman or householder able up to and the issues concerning to give them a job. GORDON ADSHEAD the Committee. There were strict rules for elig- Member 3331 David is a professional geneal- ibility but in practice these were ogist, learned Latin at Maccles- self monitoring. They would be excluded on grounds of homicide or Guild 2004 bigamy, but bastards of various degree Website could get a special dispensation from Awards Rome. Nearly all records HERE is a reminder that the for all the English Guild Website Awards, a com- dioceses have sur- petition for the best one-name vived in remarkably website, is being run again for good condition. members. David has completed As before, the contest will several indexes be divided into two categories: GUILD Chairman Ken Toll (left) chats with David including the whole entries from Category A mem- Bethell of FONS at the Derbyshire area meeting of the Lichfield bers and those in Categories B field Grammar School and diocese, which covered a wide and C, as with the Guild One- studied Medieval History at Cam- area from the Midlands to Lanca- Name Periodicals Awards. bridge. He professes to be very shire. Starting in 1300, Lichfield interested in the local history of records cover 233 years and total Closing North Staffordshire and East Che- about 30,000 references. Closing date for entries is shire, but not very interested in David told us a little about his November 30 and the results his own family history. FONS operation. The acronym for will be announced at the Guild David spends a lot of his time Family Origin Name Survey was AGM during the Annual Con- transcribing medieval records only invented as a joke when ference at Wyboston Lakes in written in Latin (or Abbreviated pressed about the choice of name Bedfordshire next April. Latin) and building up a cross- for his surname search operation. Full details of the competi- reference index by the surnames He is very much a one-man band, tion can be found on the Guild he encounters. Most of David’s apart from enlisting a bit of help website at: talk was about his interest in the from his family. members/web_award.html Ordination Registers. Starting in To keep things simple, he

26 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 that has put us right at the top of Guild’s Journal wins FFHS’s the family history tree and I am sure will keep us there.” Our printers, Flexpress Ltd of Elizabeth Simpson Award Leicester, sent an e-mail message saying: “Congratulations on win- for second time ning the Elizabeth Simpson Award again. You deserve it for HE Journal of One-Name catching presentation.” all the hard work that goes into Studies has won the Runners-up were the Leicester- compiling the Journal. Flexpress Federation of Family shire & Rutland Family History are proud to be associated with History Societies’ Eliz- Society and in third place were such a deserved winner.” abeth Simpson Award for the the Alberta Genealogical Society Many Guild members attended best genealogical journal of of Canada. The judging panel the Anniversary Confer- 2003. comprised: Colin Dean (Chair- ence, marking the FFHS’s 30 It is the second time the Jour- man), Editor of the Somerset & years, which assembled the nal has carried off this award, Dorset FHS’s journal, a previous largest and most distinguished having won in 2000. However, winner; Fred Feather, Chairman line-up of speakers ever seen at a because under the competition of Essex FHS, last year’s winners; genealogical event in the UK. rules we were barred from enter- and Simon Fowler, Editor of Fam- From the world of television ing for two years after our first ily History Monthly magazine. there came Carenza Lewis, one of win, we have, in effect, achieved In a message to the Guild Com- the presenters of Channel 4’s back-to-back victories. mittee, copied to the Forum, Roy Time Team, and Dr Nick Barratt Stockdill said: and Mac Dowdy of House Detec- Founder “Producing the Journal is a tives, while Sarah Tyacke, Keeper The Award was presented to team job and I want to thank of Public Records and Chief Editor Roy Stockdill by its personally every member of the Executive of The National founder, Mrs Elizabeth Simpson, Committee for their support Archives, gave a Keynote at the FFHS’s 30th Anniversary throughout my term as Editor, Address. Conference, “A Flight of and especially those who contrib- Other well-known genealogi- Yesterdays” at Loughborough ute regular columns, reports and cal lecturers included Dr George University in August. In their articles for the Journal, plus, of Redmonds, the outstanding report, the Judges said the issue course, all those Guild members expert on Yorkshire surnames, of the Journal, Vol 8 No. 2 who have also contributed arti- and David Hey, Emeritus Professor April–June 2003, was “simply a cles and interesting items for it. of Local and Family History at the thoroughly professional, eye- “It is your help and support University of Sheffield. ❍

bookstalls, too. was the one! The Great Hall was SAFHS Conference Further information available recently restored and a massive 2005 will be from: www.renfrewshire.org.uk, hammerbeam roof re-created, or by e-mail to [email protected] or and I had been waiting for a in Paisley [email protected], or by send- chance to see it. The massive oak ing an A5 SAE to: The Conference timbers were appreciated by a THE 16th Annual Conference of Coordinator, Lesley Couperwhite, forester. the Scottish Association of Family 34 Corlic Way, Kilmalcolm PA13 Stirling has some graveyards History Societies will be held at 4JD. on steeply sloping sites and sta- Paisley Grammar High School, Do come along and help me bility of the upright stones is a Glasgow Road, Paisley, hosted by man the Guild display. problem, not helped by a large the Renfrewshire FHS, on This year’s SAFHS Conference rabbit population, but they are Saturday, April 23 2005. was hosted by the Central Scot- making them safe without laying The theme will be “Surfing The land FHS in Stirling on April 24, the stones flat or, worse, remov- Past” and speakers will be: Mar- the theme being “In Loving ing them completely. We were tin Tyson, the General Register Memory”, a celebration of grave- shown photos of where unstable Office, Scotland; Alan Steele, yards. stones had been re-erected with local historian; Pete Wadley, There were guided walks a concrete base, where all text National Archives for Scotland; round two graveyards outside was visible. Gordon Urquhart, historian; Janet Stirling on the Sunday, but I GRAHAM TULEY McBain, Scottish Screen Archive; opted instead to go to Stirling Member 437 and Elizabeth Carmichael, the Castle, as Historic Scotland allows 26 Crown drive Mitchell Library. free entries to its properties on Inverness There will be workshops and one weekend a year – and this Scotland IV2 3NL

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 27 Top speakers and a names No danger theme for our Guild of this Conference in 2005 By Sandra Turner House of

he Guild’s 2005 Annual and family history. Ushers Conference and AGM • Professor David Hey, Emer- will be held at itus Professor of Local and falling! Wyboston Lakes Con- Family History at Sheffield Uni- ference Centre in Bedfordshire versity, who writes for The A MUSTER OF USHERS, by Jemma from April 1–3. National Archives’ Ancestors Ussher, published by the author, The purpose-built venue was magazine and whose latest PO Box 1126, Southport, Qld so successful and popular with book is “Journeys in Family 4215, Australia; e-mail: those attending this year’s Con- History”. [email protected]. A4-sized ference that we decided to • Rod Neep, of Archive CD hardback, 637 pages, ISBN 0-646- hold next year’s event at the Books, has agreed to talk to us 43289-3, Price $A110-00, but same place. on “Data Sources for One- overseas purchasers should e- The theme next year will be Name Studies”, touching also mail the author to obtain the “Names” because that, after on preservation of genealogi- price + p&p in sterling or US all, is what we as one-namers cal data. This is a subject of dollars. are all about – finding out particular interest to many of about them, tracing their ori- our members, who often ask THE first thing that has to be said gins and why some surnames the best way to preserve their is that this is a big, BIG book. No, moved and some stayed where data. make that prodigious...or, better they were. • Roger Kershaw will be tell- still, GINORMOUS! Merely carry- The AGM will be held on the ing us about the migration ing it around for a couple of Saturday, as usual, that is April records held at The National minutes made my arm ache. 2. There will be the opportun- Archives. The statistics alone are impres- ity for attendees who only wish • Sharon Hintze, Director of sive – 637 pages of A4 size, 62 to come for the day, should the Church of Jesus Christ of chapters, 49 illustrations, 78 you not be able to come for Latter-Day Saints’ Hyde Park pages of genealogical tables, 12 the whole weekend. The book- Family History Centre at Ken- appendices, and a 27-page, triple- ing form will be issued with sington, London, will be column index. Lord alone knows the January Journal, so please speaking about the records the how many words have gone into look out for it and send in your LDS have which will be of this massive publication. I would- booking early, as we will be interest to us. n’t dare hazard even a guess. limited as to numbers. What has to be admitted is Dates that it is not only an obvious Expert Full details will be available labour of love but a considerable We have some well-known with the next Journal. If you work of research and scholarship, and expert speakers booked. are interested, please mark the though whether it is a book that They include: dates in your diary for 2005 will interest a wider readership • Dr George Redmonds, who now. outside those who bear the sur- some of you will remember I urge you to book early this name USHER/USSHER or one of its spoke at our Wakefield Semi- year, as space will be limited. other variants is perhaps some- nar in October 2001. There will also be a booking what more debatable. Perhaps the world’s fore- form on the Guild website and I do hope the author manages most authority on the sur- more information about the to recoup some of her investment names of Yorkshire, he has speakers will be there nearer in sales, since the outlay must written a number of books, the time of the Conference. have been substantial, even including “Surnames and I am looking forward to see- though the book is self pub- Genealogy: A New Approach” ing many of you at Wyboston lished. It has been produced with and “Christian Names in Local Lakes again next year. digital printing in a limited edi- and Family History”, as well as tion of 500 buckram-bound numerous articles and booklets SANDRA TURNER copies and is quite superbly pre- on different aspects of local Conference Organiser sented. It would certainly make a

28 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 descended from some other Usher who was an early entrant into Ireland. Book One is itself sub-divided into four parts, covering the descendants of Arland Uscher’s two sons, John and Christopher, very handsome addition to of the surname into Ireland. in the Old World and the New. anyone’s bookshelves. Personally, I find this supposed Two of these were Primates of Jemma Ussher is a Guild mem- descent from the Nevilles to be Ireland, another was Sir William ber (No. 1690) and a New very speculative, though it is Ussher, who caused the first Irish Zealand-born genealogist who mentioned in the Oxford Diction- version of the New Testament to has lived in Australia for over 40 ary of Surnames by Patrick Hanks be published in Ireland, and yet years. She has also lived in and Flavia Hodges, who say it is a another was Arthur Wellesley, 1st America and travelled widely in tradition among Irish bearers of Duke of Wellington and the hero Europe, Africa and Asia. A profes- the name USSHER. The first of Waterloo, whose great-grand- sional genealogist for many recorded instance of the name in mother was an Ussher. years, she retired in 1999 to conc- Ireland occurs with John le As well as a whole string of entrate on researching and Ussher, who was Constable of famous and distinguished Ushers writing this book, so her efforts Dublin Castle in 1302. and Usshers, the author also during the last five years have The author reports it as introduces us to some less salu- clearly been well employed. “popular tradition” that Arland brious members of the clan, like It is, in fact, two books in one, 16-year-old John Usher, who in being divided into an examina- 1785 was found guilty at Kent tion of the known descendants Assizes of stealing cloth and sen- over 600 years of one Arland tenced to be transported. He USCHER, who became Mayor of sailed on the Alexandra as part of Dublin in 1469, and other Ushers the First Fleet in 1787, thus and Usshers either not known or becoming the first Usher to arrive not proven to be linked to him. in Australia. In an introduction and histori- There are literally hundreds of cal preamble to the main work, people mentioned in this book, the author claims the Ushers which spans several continents were of Norman descent and and a huge time-frame. Some are were traditionally descended given whole chapters to them- from the Neville family, great selves, while others earn only a northern nobles who played a few paragraphs. leading role in much of English Military genius Arthur Wellesley, The author presents much history. She suggests a Neville – or 1st Duke of Wellington, whose historical background to her cast de Nevil, as the family‘s original great-grandmother was an Ussher of characters, being especially name was – was granted the Uscher, the man whose descen- strong – one might say gruesome, office of Usher of the Court. dants constitute Book One of her even – on man’s inhumanity to The Usher was chief gentleman prodigious work, was the grand- man, with graphic descriptions of of the court, charged with daily son of this John Le Ussher, who the “ethnic cleansing” of the Irish attendance on the king, carrying was supposedly of either the and horrific massacres of the out his orders and with allowing Yorkshire or Westmorland branch Armenians in Turkey, the excuse only the most important people of the Nevilles. being to follow the fortunes of into the royal presence. This surely cannot be, since specific Ushers. The Nevilles were deeply Arland Uscher was apparently Quibbles? Personally, I found involved in the Wars of the Roses born about 1420, and the gap the 78 pages of genealogical and the author theorises that from someone who was presum- charts in their continuous format some found it more convenient ably of advancing years in 1302 very difficult to follow until I during those troubled times to to 1420 is much too great to eventually got the hang of it. become known by the surname make them grandfather and And some of the typesetting is of Usher. She also postulates that grandson. However, this is a eccentric, with over-large gaps much earlier, in 1184, Henry II minor quibble and, to be fair to between words. sent his younger son Prince John the author, she concedes that the However, on the whole this is (later King John) to Ireland, that descent is unproven and that a remarkable book and I wish the ❍ he took with him a John Nevil as Arland Uscher, a Dublin merchant author well with it. Usher of the Court and this in the reign of Henry VI, could brought about the introduction just as easily have been ROY STOCKDILL

Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 29 was restricted to those who had A tree of Crabtrees – a lived before 1850. One interesting feature of the book I had not seen used any- Yorkshire labour of love where else before is a device by CRABTREE: DWELLER BY THE his surname for many years and which, when the author is indulg- WILD APPLE TREE, by Peter Crab- this book is the culmination of his ing in speculation, rather than tree, published by the author, work – and a very impressive factual evidence, he presents his 1305 Cambridge Drive, Oakville, piece of research it is, too. He comments in a different typeface. Ontario L6J 1S2, Canada; e-mail: begins by reviewing the origins Certainly, an unusual and intrigu- [email protected]. of Crabtree as a place-name, ing arrangement! Paperback, 352 pages, ISBN 0- undoubtedly meaning a spot He also gives a very useful 9734347-0-8. Price £18 + £7 p&p. where the crab apple tree grew. glossary of old English words, and Though Yorkshire is the centre there are chapters on heraldry, THE moment I retrieved this book of the surname, there are other employment and economics and from its packaging and saw the places with a “Crab-” element in family life, which help to set the title, I knew without even open- Essex, Hertfordshire, Northamp- story of the Crabtrees in their ing it that I would enjoy it! Why? tonshire and Surrey. However, social context. Well, as a native of the West Rid- Peter comes to the conclusion, This is one of those books that, ing of Yorkshire and former due to the paucity of families of even if you have no personal resident of the Calder Valley, near the name in records, that none of interest in the surname, Crabtree, Halifax, I knew that Crabtree is a them were a source of the you can dip into at almost any surname that is overwhelmingly surname. point and find something of prominent in that area. Along interest. As a model for how to with Greenwood, Crossley and Origins write a book about a one-name Sutcliffe, it is one of the most From early origins, the author study, this is it! prolific surnames around Halifax. examines the appearance of the ROY STOCKDILL My anticipation was further Crabtree surname in early (pre- heightened when I dipped into 1538) records like Lay Subsidies, BAXTER’S GUIDE: BIOGRAPHICAL the opening pages and dis- Manor Court Rolls, Assize Court SOURCES IN THE INDIA OFFICE covered the foreword is by Dr Rolls and wills, before moving on RECORDS (3rd Edition), by Ian A George Redmonds, the foremost to parish registers. Baxter, published by the Families expert on West Yorkshire sur- He offers many detailed charts in British India Society, in associa- names. Dr Redmonds says the and tables of Crabtree baptisms tion with the British Library. Crabtrees had their origins in and marriages, property transac- paperback, 80 pages, ISBN 0- Bradford and Sowerby some time tions and wills in Yorkshire and 9547-116-0-2. Price £5.95. in the 1300s and the name then Lancashire, but does not forget crossed the Pennines into Lanca- the rest of the country, with a THIS work has become an essen- shire. However, West Yorkshire is nod towards other English-speak- tial reference tool for those probably still its principal home. ing countries. family historians who are Peter Crabtree, Guild member A section is devoted to some researching ancestors who served number 2000, has been studying Crabtrees of note but I looked in in India, among whom will be vain for any men- many one-namers. tion of perhaps First published in 1979, Baxter’s the most cele- Guide has been updated by FIBIS, brated Crabtree of in conjunction with the author, to them all – Shirley include his glossary of terms used Crabtree, the in the administration of British heavyweight wres- india, which covers 12 pages. tler who was bet- For those who have not used it ter known as Big before, the Guide indicates bio- Daddy. Shirley, graphical sources, scattered who died a few throughout the India Office years ago, was a records, that are of primary gentle giant and I importance to family history knew him when I researchers. It is arranged accord- worked on a ing to categories of persons to Halifax newspaper enable researchers, armed only in the 1950s. with a basic occupational descrip- However, I then tion and date, to pursue further A Crabtree baptisms and marriages chart realised the list information on an individual.

30 Journal of One-Name Studies, October–December 2004 Regional Representatives as at September 1 2004 E-mail contact SCOTLAND NORTH To contact a Regional Representative by e-mail, use the alias in the following format:- Graham Tuley [email protected], with the name of the region replacing 26 Crown Drive “scotland-north” as appropriate (put “-” instead of a space). Inverness IV2 3NL. Where there is no e-mail contact, the message will go to [email protected] Tel: 01463 230 446 Fax: 01463 230 446 ENGLAND HEREFORDSHIRE SUSSEX WEST BERKSHIRE Polly Rubery Richard Chilvers SCOTLAND SOUTH Peter Tanner Medwam 56 George Fifth Avenue Dr. James Floyd 7 Reading Road Edwyn Ralph Worthing 84 Pentland Terrace Burghfield Common Bromyard HR7 4LY BN11 5RL Edinburgh EH10 6HF Near Reading RG7 3PY Tel: 01885 483318 Tel: 0131 445 3906 Mobile: 07774 245436 WARWICKSHIRE BUCKINGHAMSHIRE SOUTH AFRICA Trish Bliss See Oxfordshire HERTFORDSHIRE Brian Spurr Barbara Harvey 22 Cheshire Avenue 32 Newport Avenue CHESHIRE 15 Park Avenue Shirley, Solihull Glenashley H Gordon Adshead St. Albans AL1 4PB West Midlands B90 2LJ KwaZulu 2 Goodrington Road Tel: 01727 865631 Natal 4051 Handforth WESTMORLAND See Cumberland Wilmslow KENT UNITED STATES Cheshire SK9 3AT Clifford Kemball USA SOUTH EAST 168 Green Lane WILTSHIRE Dr. John Cookson Chislehurst Richard Moore 13203 W. Heritage Woods Pl. CUMBERLAND 1 Cambridge Close Kent BR7 6AY Midlothian VA 23112 Anne Nichols Swindon SN3 1JG 4 Drovers Way USA SOUTH WEST LINCOLNSHIRE Burton WORCESTERSHIRE Bill Bunning Carnforth John Laws Derek Gallimore PO Box 5632, Irvine LA 6 1HU 4 The Hardings The Grange CA 92616-5632 Welton LN2 3FE 30 Pinewoods Avenue CORNWALL Hagley, Stourbridge WALES Sharon Symons NORFOLK West Midlands DY9 0JF WALES NORTH & MID Joanlea Mrs. Mary Griffiths Tel: 01562 883908 See WALES SOUTH & WEST 20 Knyvett Green The Mount Fax: 01562 885101 Ashwellthorpe Par WALES SOUTH & WEST Norwich NR16 1HA YORKSHIRE EAST Cornwall PL24 2BY Geoff Riggs Frank Hakney Peacehaven NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 19 Church Street Badgers Meadow DERBYSHIRE Dominic Johnson Elloughton Pwllmeyric Ron Duckett 33 Redhill Lodge Drive East Yorkshire HU15 1HT. Chepstow Outwood Hills Farm Red Hill Tel: 01482 668340 Gwent NP6 6UE. Lower Outwoods Road Nottingham NG5 8JH Tel: 01291 626417 Burton on Trent DE13 0QX YORKSHIRE NORTH Tel: 01283 561557 OXFORDSHIRE Pete Redwood COORDINATOR Dr. Wendy Archer The Garden Flat See Hertfordshire DEVON The Old Nursery 36 Albemarle Crescent Elizabeth Holliday Pump Lane North Scarborough WE have vacancies for Caradon Marlow North Yorkshire YO11 1XX Regional Representatives in Jubilee Road Buckinghamshire SL7 3RD the following areas: Totnes Tel: 01628 485013 YORKSHIRE WEST BEDFORDSHIRE Devon TQ9 5BW See Yorkshire East CAMBRIDGESHIRE SOMERSET DURHAM DORSET Ken Dilkes IRELAND HAMPSHIRE Phil Sherwood Clematis Cottage Mick Merrigan LANCASHIRE Rock House Whitstone Hill 11 Desmond Avenue LEICESTERSHIRE 20 Belfield Park Avenue Pilton BA4 4DX Dún Laoghaire LONDON Weymouth DT4 9RE Co. Dublin NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Tel: 01305 770820 STAFFORDSHIRE Tel: (353.1) 284-2711 SHROPSHIRE See Derbyshire SUFFOLK ESSEX NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA Jess Jephcott SURREY Mrs. Lily Baker CANADA WEST 73 All Saints Avenue Martin Gegg 905 Wall Road USA CENTRAL Colchester CO3 4PA 4 Little Orchard Hastings USA NORTH EAST Woodham USA NORTH WEST GLOUCESTERSHIRE Addlestone KT15 3ED SCOTLAND Ken Grubb ABERDEEN WHY not devote just a little 5 Victoria Mansions SUSSEX EAST Peter Bellarby of your spare time to the Malvern Road Richard Akhurst 13 Westfield Road Guild by becoming a Cheltenham 95 Sea Road Stonehaven Gloucestershire GL50 2JH Regional Rep? Contact the East Preston BN16 1LN Kincardineshire AB39 2EE Coordinator. £ I G Q O J S o 2 u u c S E u . t N i a 0 l o r p t L S f w J d r 0 n l h o o o o b r 0 t i

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Vol 8 Issue 8 October–December 2004