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Avvertenze Relative Alla Redazione Della Tesi Di Sede Amministrativa: Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Letterari SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE LINGUISTICHE, FILOLOGICHE E LETTERARIE INDIRIZZO: LINGISTICA E LINGUE CLASSICHE E MODERNE CICLO XXVI ISSUES IN THE SYNTAX OF NOMINALS Direttrice della Scuola: Ch.ma Prof.ssa Rosanna Benacchio Supervisore: Ch.ma Prof.ssa Cecilia Poletto Dottoranda: Marija Runić Abstract: This dissertation explores several aspects of nominal syntax of Resian, an underdescribed highly endagered Slovenian dialect spoken in the Northeast of Italy. From a descriptive point of view, this thesis aims at providing an empirical base related to the syntax of Resian nominals by implementing most recent advances in the formal study of nominal expressions. From a theoretical point of view, its goal is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the presence of the DP layer in articleless Slavic languages. The claim is that Resian has developed the definite article, though visible only in certain syntactic enviroments. As a consequence, null Ds are possible if certain structural conditions are satisfied. Chapter 1 offers an overview of socio(linguistic) situation of Resian, some of the properties of Resian grammar ascribed to the contact with Romance, and methodology implemented in the thesis. Chapter 2 contains theoretical framework of the dissertation, including the debate on the presence of DP in article-less nominals, a matter of considerable debate within Slavic linguistics, and the view of the nominal structure endorsed in the thesis. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the description of Resian nominal syntax along with systematic comparison with Slavic and Romance. Chapter 4 and 5 are devoted to the elaboration of the main proposal. Estratto per riassunto: Il presente lavoro esamina alcuni aspetti di sintassi nominale in resiano, un dialetto sloveno parlato in Friuli, annovereato tra i trenta dialetti d’Italia a rischio. Come primo obiettivo la tesi si prefigge di fornire una base empirica relativamente agli aspetti sintattici del dominio nominale, fondata su criteri più formali. Come secondo obiettivo, di interesse prettamente teorico, la tesi si propone di contribuire alla disputa sulla presenza della proiezione funzionale del determinante (DP) anche nelle lingue slave che non possiedono l’articolo definito. L’ipotesi principale, difesa in questa tesi, è che il resiano abbia sviluppato l’articolo definito, seppur esso sia visibile solamente in alcuni contesti sintattici. Di conseguenza, nella tesi viene sostenuto che il D nullo sia possibile a patto che determinate condizioni strutturali siano soddisfatte. Il primo capitolo offre una descrizione della situazione sociolinguistica del resiano, nonché una breve descrizione linguistica con particolare riferimento ai tratti grammaticali generalmente attribuiti al influsso esercitato dalle lingue romanze circostanti. Il ii capitolo si conclude con la descrizione della metodologia utilizzata nella tesi. Il secondo capitolo discute il quadro teorico di riferimento, sia per quanto riguarda la mappatura tra sintassi e semantica di espressioni nominali senza articolo, sia per quanto concerne la struttura nominale adoperata nella tesi. Il terzo capitolo contiene la descrizione della sintassi nominale in resiano, insieme a un confronto sistematico con le lingue romanze e lo sloveno. Negli ultimi due capitoli viene elaborata l’ipotesi principal iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express profound gratitude to my supervisor, Cecilia Poletto, for her enthusiastic guidance, constant support, and valuable comments on every aspect of my research. It has been a true privilege to have had her as an advisor as she has constantly encouraged me to pursue my own way. Without effective critiques and complete trust she placed on me, this thesis would have never been completed. I am also indebted to Paola Benincà for more than one reason. Apart from being the one who sparked in me keen interest in dialectology and Resian, she has always been a role model due to her insatiable curiosity about linguistic matters. This research benefited enormously from sharing ideas and discussing at length issues in dialectology and linguistics with professors, researchers, and graduate friends from the Linguistics Department of Padua (listed here alphabetically): Antonio Baroni, Mariachiara Berizzi, Davide Bertocci, Sabrina Bertollo, Gianluigi Borgato, Emanuele Burei, Guido Cavallo, Giorgio Fogliani, Francesca Franzon, Jacopo Garzonio, Maria Mazzoli, Alberto Mioni, Francesca Modena, Diana Passino, Diego Pescarini, Luca Rigabianco, Silvia Rossi, Alessio Muro, Jan Casalicchio, Vania Masutti, Elena Perna, Fabrizio Sorrisi, Martina Da Tos, and Laura Vanelli. Antonio, Jan, Mariachiara, and Vania deserve special mention for sharing generously their ideas and becoming true friends. My deepest thanks go to Giuliana Giusti from the Linguistics Department of Venice for her interest in my work and immeasurable intellectual and human support. Ever since I first joined her course on Balkan Syntax, she made Venice become my second home and a place I always relate to. I extend my thanks to all the professors and classmates from the Linguistics Department of Venice for providing such a stimulating environment for linguistic research, in particular, Guglielmo Cinque, Anna Cardinaletti, Alessandra Giorgi, Iliana Krapova, Nicola Munaro, Rossella Iovino, Oana Savescu, and Caterina Bonan. I have to thank various scholars with whom I have been able to discuss my work. They are all responsible in one way or another for the ideas developed in this thesis: Boban Arsenijević, Rosanna Bennacchio, Željko Bošković, Guglielmo Cinque, Ora Matushansky, Veran Stanojević, and Han Steenwijk. Numerous people have contributed to various parts of this thesis with their feedback and helpful criticism. In particular, I thank the audiences of Formal Description of Slavic Languages 10 (FDSL 10), Workshop on Balkan Romance Contacts (WoBRoc), Cambridge Italian Dialect Syntax-Morphology Meeting (CIDSM7), 46th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea (SLE), and 18th meeting of Giornata di Dialettologia. Many thanks go to all my linguistic consultants. I am deeply grateful to Luigia Negro, Matej Juh, and Petra Mišmaš for immense patience and assistance. Their intuition and metalinguistic competence are behind many proposals put forward in this thesis. To many people who helped me collect and understand the data in the thesis, I offer my deepest appreciation: Luigia Negro, Sandro Quaglia, Alberto Siega (Resian); Matej Juh, Petra Mišmaš, Marta Razboršek, Marko Simonović, Andreja Štepec (aka Edit Paf) (Slovenian); Antonio Baroni, Paola Benincà, Mariachiara Berizzi, Jan Casalicchio, Rossella Iovino, Luca Luigetti, Vania Masutti, Fabrizio Sorrisi (Italian); Biljana Rančić, Ljiljana Rančić (Macedonian), Paola Benincà, Andrea Padovan (Veneto dialect), Ilves Gobbato, Vania Masutti, Tranquillo Masutti (Friulan); Radek Iwankiewicz (Polish), Dmitry Biriukov (Russian). Most of them are linguists themselves and have in common a sophisticated understanding of how language works. It has been a great pleasure to be able to learn from all of them. Distinct recognition goes to Marjana Stevanović, with whom I have been exploring fruitfully intuitions and perplexities about our native language, Serbo-Croatian. Finally, I wish to thank my guardian angel, Simina Imbroane, as I have constantly felt her support and love in everything I have done. Still, I have never had the opportunity to tell her how grateful I am. I use the opportunity and dedicate the thesis to her memory. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AP Adjectival Phrase AUX Auxiliary CL Clitic DAT Dative case DIM Diminutive DP Determiner Phrase/DP layer EXPL Expletive (pronoun) FEM Feminine GEN Genitive INSTR Instrumental LBE Left Branch Extraction LOC Locative LONG Long-Form Adjective MASC Masculine NE Nominal Expression NEU Neuter NOM Nominative NP Noun Phrase OCS Old Church Slavonic PART Partitive article PL Plural POSS Possessive ending PP Prepositional Phrase Q Quantifier REFL Reflexive RRC Restrictive Relative Clause SC Serbo-Croatian SG Singular SHORT Short-Form Adjective iii STRONG Strong-form (demonstrative) WEAK Weak-form (demonstrative) Abbreviations for the written sources BTT Biside ta-na traku HS The Slovene Dialect of Resia: San Giorgio NG Naš Glas RE Resianica RD Rozajanski dum RF Raccontami una favola VC La Vita Cattolica ZR Zverinice iz Rezije VC La Vita Cattolica iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgments List of abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. The aim and the structure of the dissertation……………………………………………...1 1.2. Empirical domain: Resian ………………………………………………………………..4 1.2.1. Basic facts………………………………………………………………………..4 1.2.2. Previous studies …………………………………………………………………7 1.2.3. Resian syntax through the lens of a contact with Romance……………………..8 1.2.4 The issue of variation…………………………………………………………...13 1.2.5. Methodological remarks………………………………………………………..15 Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework 2.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………18 2.2. The DP-Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………19 2.2.1. Problems intrinsic to the DP-Hypothesis………………………………………22 2.2.2. Towards legitimacy of The Universal DP-Hypothesis…………………………24 2.2.3. Against the universality of the DP-Hypothesis……………………………….26 2.3. Slavic linguistics and the DP-Hypothesis………………………………………………28 2.4. Background assumptions...................................................................................................33
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