79 Chapter- V
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79 Chapter- V RESEARCH SETTING 80 It is hardly possible to conceptualize, perceive, and interpret the data very accurately unless a clear understanding of the characteristics of the area is at command of the interpreter. The interpreter, who intends to unveil an understanding of the implications and behavioural complexes of the individuals living in the area under reference and form a representative part of the larger community, also needs to have a clear concept of the attitude or behaviour of its people. A research setting is a surrounding in which inputs and elements of research are contextually imbibed, interactive and mutually contributive to the system performance. Research setting is immensely important in the sense because it characterizes and influences the interplays of different factors and components. It comprises two types of research settings viz., Macro levels and Micro levels. Macro research setting encompasses the state as a whole, whereas micro level starts from the boundaries of the chosen districts to school periphery. The notion behind this form of presentation is to internalize the study environment in terms of broader perspectives with state as reference frame and district, school profile as units for in-depth study. This chapter is intended to present a brief description of the area, where the present study has been carried out. It has been carried out in all the nineteen districts of West Bengal viz. Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Maida, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Nadia, Hoogli, Howrah, Kolkata, South 24 Parganas, North 24 Parganas, Barddhaman (Burdwan), Purulia, Bankura, East Midnapore (Purba Medinipur) and Paschim Medinipur (See Map-5.1). The setting of this study is sought to describe in terms of geographical, cultural, economic, 81 demographic, and educational aspects ofthe study areas. 5.1. West Bengal: West Bengal, or "Sonar Bangia" in the words ofRabindra Nath Tagore, MAP OF WEST BENGAL SHOWING ALL THE DISTRICTS SURVEYED WEST BENGAL N District Map ... NEPAL BIHAR I I INOLA. \ I' I • I ( - Map- 5.1 82 is o ne ofthe 29 sta tes in India. W est Bengal is bounded by N e pal in the north, A ssam in the north east, Bang ladesh in the east, the Bay of Bengal in the south, Orissa in the southeast and Jharkha nd in the north east. The total area of this state is 88, 752 sq.km. According to 20 I I census, its popul ation is 9, 13,47,736. Population density of the state is 1,029.2 per sq. k.m. and literacy rate is 77.08 %. The following table (see Table No. 5.1 .) will help to acquire a clear concept of the present sta tus of the state relating to the area, population, I iteracy rate of West B e ngal as per Census 20 11 and Census 2001 . TABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE VIEW OF CENSUS 2011 AND CENSUS 2001 CONCERNI NG POPULATION, TOTAL AREA, AND LITERACY " ~(··· , .• , . .,... ··. ; · • ~ ... _- Description .. lc Census 2011 II Census 2001 j Approximate Population 9.13 Crore 8.02 Crore Actual Population 91,347,736 80,176,197 Male 46,927,389 41,465,985 Female 44,420,347 38,710,2 12 Population Growth 13.93% 17.84% Percantage of total Population 7.55% 7.79% Sex Ratio 947 934 Density/km2 1,029 903 Area km2 88,752 88,752 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 10, 11 2,599 11 ,414,222 Male Population (0-6 Age) 5, 187,264 5,824,180 Female Population (0-6 Age) 4,925,335 5,590,042 Literacy 77.08% 68.64 % Male Literacy 82.67 % 77.02 % Female Literacy 71.16% 59.61 % Total Literate 62,614,556 47, 196,401 Male Literate 34,508,159 27,452,426 Female Literate 28,106,397 19,743,975 Table- 5. 1 The state of West Bengal comprises nineteen ( 19) districts like Da rjeeling, Cooch Be har, Ja lpaiguri, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Maida, Mursidabad, Hooghly, Howrah, Nadia, Barddhaman ( Burdwan), 83 Birbhum, Bankura, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, North 24 Parganas, Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur and Kolkata. The following table (Wikipedia) exhibits all the districts with their historical, geographical, administrative, demographic aspects. TABLE SHOWING ALL THE DISTRICTS OF WEST BENGAL WITH HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, EDUCATIONAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS Area .... .... M =N (Sq. Subdivisions =... ... Km) 0 0 < < I I Bishnupur, ~ 6,882 Bankura 523 35,96,292 70.95 I "" Sadar, Khatra I ~ L-..:: __ .. ~~!----------··· ~~-\--~-·-···--1------1-------l Durgapur, I Asansol, Katwa, Kalna, Barddhaman 7,024 I ,100 77,23,663 77.15 1947 :a (Burdwan) ~ Sadar South, Barddhaman I (Burdwan), i Sadar North I m ·;:: Bolpur, Suri 1947 ::> 4,545 Sadar, 771 3502387 170.90 "' Rampurhat _g il Dinhata, ..c Cooc!> Behar m m Sadar, " 1950 " 3,387 833 28,22,780 75.49 ..c ..c Mekhliganj, 0" "0 0 Mathabhanga u 8 , Tufanganj I 84 5 Area .c E c .-4 ~ "f""4 t ~ t .s,o ::.d ~ ~ ~ ~ ·•-~ ~ "(S= q. Subdivisions -=·<;;·c tr -""'c. "'"'~ 'o .__l_i:l_-___ - Q I ~ 1--_K_m_._)--l--- -----+-l-~--~-lf----=--~__ <_~--j-~-----1.( . I I .5 Kalimpong, -.; Darjeeling 1947 3,149 J . Sadar, 585 1842034 79.92 ·~" Siliguri,. I Cl Kurseong ! I l ; 0 Haldia, 2002 4,785 Tamluk, 1,076 50,94,238 87.66 ~~~e Contai, Egra ~~ ... ---~----~ ........ ····-------------+--:hi~~::·h-.--j-------------- 1----------~ . -!:'. I' 5l 3, 149 Srirampore, 1,753 55,20,389 82.55 'I 0o 1947 I :a" Chandannago I :I: f U re, Arambagh ----·- ----1---- 1 ~ I Uluberia, . ~ 1,467 Howrah 2,913 4273009 83.85 ~ 1947 I Sadar 1 Malbazar, I ·~ I ~ Jalpaiguri 6,227 547 3403204 73.79 I ]. 1947 I ]. Sadar, Alipurduar I< t: ---1------------ ----1----- ~.: I -1-8--5--~~-- -_ lt r 24,252 4486679 87.14 I' I Chanchal, !- 1947 3,733 1,071 39,97,970 62.71 Maida Sadar i I ] i' ~ Domkol, ' " 1 E Barhampur, i '0 !" ·• 1947 • 5,324 Kandi, 1,334 71,02,430 67.53 I. ~ 1 I ~-----L------'1 __!___ __j ~~~~-~-·-r---'----------L--------L---- 85 ~ ~ Area 8 .... .... t" .!!= ~ ~ .!!= ~ ~ ·;; .. N N (Sq. Subdivisions ,;. = ~ = " [/) :; ... ... "0' Km) -= =" " Q E Q g.Q .. Q 01· "" Jl. Jl."" <"' ;1::: <"' I " e:," r------·-t··~ l .. -·· ····· ............ ____________= ···----- ··········· ·····-----------... ······· ·····-------- ---------- ........ -· ········---···-..·-·-- "'___ .. ____ ......... 1 ' I ll\,~ I Krishnanagar ·,.,' ;,;z:: II I 947 I Sadar, '" I ~ 3,927 I Ranaghat, I,3 I6 5I,68,488 75.58 Kaiyan i, 1 I :§ • ~----l·-··----~-r---___t-::at-ta·---t---- t-------t---1 I I ' '! Barasat \ ~ ~ ~ Sadar, I0,08,285 i "'t: ~ I 986 ~ 4,094 Barrackpore, 2,463 84.95 1 - C':J Basirhat, 2 ', Zo -~ m Bangaon, l I Bidhannagar I I .c 3 tI -~r---- Islam pur, 778 24,4I,794 60.I3 : 15 -~ I992 1 -~ 3,I40 Raiganj ! zo I I ~ ;----t----r'l--~---~~-----~----,_-----r~ Purulia Sadar l .!:! West, Purulia ' :;... I956 6,259 Sadar East, 468 29,27,965 65.38 I Jl." Raghunathpu ! ' -----t--1----~--------t-------J----+----t \ i ' I Canning, ' ..,. Baruipur, N .."' I .c i K~kdwip, I ~ .. "OJ) I986 9,960 8 9 8I,53, I 76 78.57 D.amond 0 t;J [/)Jl." I Harbour, •• \ I I +---!-------l-~lipore ~ada~-!----~+--- -----~-"-------- '\ i ... ~ I .c .c.. ~c. OJ) Gangarampur ! " ..," I992 ... 2,2I9 i 0 ~ , Baiurghat [/) ·- -.;" i a m ---+-7_5_3_-j_I_'· I ~·'" I"'~ ______ .,, ·- ·-- i ' I ... ... Medinipur "0 ! ~ c. "c. Sadar, I "' .. 2002 ·a 9,296 Kharagpur, 636 59,43,300 79.04 :::.a" :0 I " Jhargram, I ~ ~ Ghatai 86 ~ Area $ .., = E' = .... .... ... t" .Sl ~ ;:.: .Sl... ~ " .. =M =M ·~... (Sq. Subdivisions .= ·; .;. .. ..... ~ ..... ., '= 0'= - = rll -; "... .., Km) = " ... c. 0 E .,0 iS u .. go~ 0 !?;," < ;1:::" < I " =- =- ..:I .......... ,,, ,_ "'"'"''"'""'-- ----=······-··· ····-----·-- ·-·"'"•- ____ ·-···-·-""'"'" ······-··- ····--- -----·----- ...... -·-··-------- -; 91,34,773 ' ... 88,752 66 1,029.2 77.08 ' 0 - - 6 I "" L___ ------- Table-5.2 5.2. DISTRICTS 5.2.1. DARJEELING Situated to the North of West Bengal Darjeeling, the renowned hill station, is famous for its scenic beauty. It covers a large area of 3,149 square k. m. with 18, 42,034 populations, and 79.92 percent (Census 20!1) literacy rate. Kalimpong, Darjeeling Sadar, Siliguri, and Kurseong are four sub- divisions of the district. The three major towns of Darjeeling are Kalimpong, Siliguri, and Kurseong. Mirik is a lake resort and it has developed a town. It is a popular tourist destination for its natural beauty, soothing climate and easy accessibility. 5.2.1.1. Economy The economy of Darjeeling district is chiefly based on tourism and tea industry. Owing to favorable and unique agro-climatic conditions of Darjee!ing, tea of Darjee!ing has a distinctive natural flavor. Darjeeling tea has gained an international reputation and it is recognized as a geographical indicator. In fact, Darjeeling still manufactures the tea by the original method known as the 'orthodox' method. Of course, the tea industry ofDarjeeling has 87 faced competition in recent years from tea produced in other parts of India as well as o the r countries li ke Nepal. MAP OF DARJEELING DISTRICT SHOWING SUB-DI VISI ONS AND APPROXIMATE LOCATI ON OF T H E SCHOOL SURVEYED DARJEELING ~~ 0 • . ~ ·- ...... _. I Siliguri Girls' High School, Siliguri, Dist. Darjeeling M ap-5.2 Darjeeling had o bta ined recognition as an attractive and important tourist spot as early as 1860. It is reported to be the o nly tourist d estina tion in eastern India that w itnesses large numbers of foreign tourists. For its s ple ndid and mesmeriz ing natura l beauty it is considered to be a uniq ue spot for cinematography. 88 Siliguri is known as the gateway to the North East of India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh. It has gradually developed as a profitable centre for a variety of businesses. As a central hub, many national companies have set up their offices here.