Confidential manuscript submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 1 2 Lunar Irregular Mare Patches (IMPs): Classification, Characteristics, Geologic 3 Settings, Updated Catalog, Origin and Outstanding Questions 4 Le Qiao1,2, James W. Head3, Zongcheng Ling1, and Lionel Wilson4 5 1Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of 6 Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, 7 Shandong, 264209, China. 8 2Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 9 100101, China 10 3Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 11 02912, USA. 12 4Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. 13 Corresponding authors: Le Qiao (
[email protected]), Zongcheng Ling (
[email protected]) 14 Key Points: 15 We present an updated catalog of 91 lunar Irregular Mare Patches (IMPs) and survey the 16 geologic settings and characteristics of each IMP 17 Two classification schemes for the entire IMP population are proposed on the basis of 18 their geologic settings and characteristics 19 The characteristics of lunar IMPs are consistent with the waning-stage magmatic foam 20 extrusion origin model in different environments Confidential manuscript submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 21 Abstract 22 One of the most mysterious lunar features discovered during the Apollo era was Ina, a ~2×3 km 23 depression composed of bleb–like mounds surrounded by hummocky and blocky terrains. 24 Subsequent studies identified dozens of similar features in lunar maria, describing them as 25 Irregular Mare Patches (IMPs). Due to the unusual and complex characteristics of IMPs, their 26 specific formation mechanism is debated.