DOCSLIB.ORG

Fire Probability in South American Protected Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fire Probability in South American Protected Areas Technical Note Fire probability in South American Protected Areas August to October 2020 South American authors: Liana O. Anderson, João B. C. dos Reis, Ana Carolina M. Pessôa, Galia Selaya, Luiz Aragão UK authors: Chantelle Burton, Philip Bett, Chris Jones, Karina Williams, Inika Taylor, Andrew Wiltshire August 2020 1 HOW TO CITE THIS WORK ANDERSON Liana O.; BURTON Chantelle; DOS REIS João B. C.; PESSÔA Ana C. M.; SELAYA Galia; BETT Philip, JONES Chris, WILLIAMS Karina; TAYLOR Inika; WILTSHIRE, Andrew, ARAGÃO Luiz. Identification of priority areas for reducing the likelihood of burning and forest fires in South America August to October 2020. 16p. São José dos Campos, 2020.SEI/Cemaden process: 01250.029118/2018- 78/5761326. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13727.79523 Contact: [email protected] Institutions Met Office Hadley Centre – United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais - Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil This Technical Note was prepared with the support of the following projects: CSSP-BRAZIL - Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil. Fund: Newton Fund MAP-FIRE – Multi-Actor Adaptation Plan to cope with Forests under Increasing Risk of Extensive fires Fund: Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI-SGP-HW 016) PRODIGY BMBF biotip Project – Process‐based & Resilience‐Oriented management of Diversity Generates sustainabilitY Fund: German BMBF biotip Project FKZ 01LC1824A João B. C. dos Reis and Ana C. M. Pessôa were funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - 444321/2018-7 and 140977/2018-5, respectively). Luiz Aragão was funded by CNPq Productivity fellowship (305054/2016-3). Liana Anderson acknowledges EasyTelling, and the projects: CNPq (ACRE-QUEIMADAS 442650/2018-3, SEM-FLAMA 441949/2018-5), São Paulo Research Foundation – (FAPESP 19/05440-5, 2016/02018-2). 2 Executive summary Fires in South America are at their highest since systematic monitoring began in 1998. During March, April and May 2020 respectively, fire hot spots have reached peaks of 17%, 32% and 9% higher than previously registered peaks. This report identifies priority areas with a high probability of fire threat, in order to support decision making and planning strategies to mitigate the risk and impact of fires. The focus is on South American protected areas, given the importance of protecting these areas of high biological, environmental and sociocultural value. In addition, these areas have an institutional structure, legal framework and in most cases, a management plan that allows the use of the information presented in this report to guide actions on the ground. In South America, we identified 117 Protected Areas (P.A.) under High Alert and Alert. In total, there are more than 287,000 km2 and 146,000 km2 under High Alert and Alert fire threat conditions across the continent over the next three months. Among the recommendations, we highlight the importance of early identification of Protected Areas under High Alert and Alert conditions. In these areas strategic planning and communication networks can be implemented, to enable the population living inside and in the surroundings to plan for minimising the risk and impacts of uncontrolled wildfires. 3 Overview Fire occurrence negatively impacts people, ecosystems and climate. The impacts on people include threat to lives, loss of goods such as homes, agricultural production, forest products, infrastructure (communication networks, light, roads), transport, and diseases associated with increased air pollution1,2. The impacts on ecosystems are related to the decrease in biodiversity, wildlife mortality, decrease in carbon stocks as well as effects on other environmental services such as maintenance of local temperature and the cycling of water to the atmosphere. Climate impacts are associated with the carbon emissions to the atmosphere, which could lead to more extreme weather conditions, such as increased droughts and prolonged dry seasons2. It has been estimated that fires associated with deforestation in the Amazon cause approximately 3,000 premature deaths annually across South America3, which can put increased pressure on health resources, and the carbon emissions from fires during drought years can be higher than those from deforestation emissions4. So far this year, fires in South America are at their highest since 1998 in the months of March (31,529 hot spots, 17% higher than the previous peak), April (23,139 hot spots, 32% higher than the previous peak) and May (13,638 hot spots, 9% higher than the previous peak), with the other months presenting detections higher than the long-term average5. This Report aims to identify priority areas with a high probability of fire threat, in order to support decision making and planning strategies to mitigate the risk and impact of fires. The focus is on South American protected areas, given the importance of preserving these areas of high biological, environmental and sociocultural value. In addition, these areas have an institutional structure, legal framework and in most cases, a management plan that allows the use of the information presented in this report to guide actions on the ground. The document is structured in four sections. First, we present the Priority Areas, the Fire Probability Categories and the Recommendations. Next, the Technical Information is presented, divided into three topics: Seasonal forecasts for temperature and rainfall, Fire trend methods, and the Protected Area classes used. Finally, a Glossary with the definition of technical words used in the report, and the list of References are presented. *** 4 Priority Areas for mitigating fire probability August – October 2020 The fire probability for August to October presented here has been generated based on the integration of three datasets: the fire trend and peak of fires in the August-October period, the rainfall, and the temperature forecast. The definition of the fire probabilities per category (High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability) is presented in the next section. The technical and methodological information are described at the end of this document. In South America, we identified 68 Protected Areas (P.A.) with High fire probability: 43 P.A. in Brazil, 20 in Bolivia, 2 in Peru, 2 in Paraguay and 1 in Ecuador; and 49 P.A within the Alert level: 34 in Brazil, 5 in Argentina, 3 in Bolivia, 3 in Colombia, 2 in Peru, 1 in Venezuela and Chile (Figure 1, Table 1). The complete list of the identified protected areas in each category is presented in Annex 1 and 2. All these areas presented an increase in August-October total fire occurrence from 2017 to 2019, and have high forecast probabilities of experiencing above- median temperatures and below-median rainfall, depicting the socio-environmental- climatological conditions favourable to wildfires. In total, there are more than 287,000 km2 and 146,000km2 under High Alert and Alert of fire threat in the next three months. Table 1. Summary of Protected areas per August-October fire probability category in South America. 5 Figure 1. Spatial distribution of the Protected Areas and the summary in each probability category, for each country. *** 6 Fire probability categories In Table 2 we present the summary of the data integration, structured by fire probability category. The fire trend and the accumulated active fires in each fire season (Aug-Oct) of the period from 2017 to 2019 were calculated for all the Protected Areas (PA). The climatological conditions (the probability of temperature being above the climatological median, and rainfall being below the median, for Aug-Oct 2020) were obtained by area-weighted averaging of the grid cells in each PA. The Alerts were classified into five categories: High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability. These categories refer to the level of probability of the occurrence of fire events. The description of each category is presented below: High Alert This is defined as: (1) there is an observed positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrences every year from 2017-2019), (2) accumulated active fires higher than 75% of the distribution of fires in the Protected Areas, (3) 60% or higher probability of lower than average rainfall, and (4) 60% or higher probability of higher than average temperature, which represents the climatological condition for increased risk of fire occurrences. Alert This is defined as: (1) a positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrence every year from 2017-2019), (2) accumulated active fires more than 50% and less than 75% of the distribution, (3) 60% or higher probability of lower than average rainfall, and (4) 60 % or higher probability of higher than average temperature, which represents the climatological condition for increased risk of fire occurrences. Attention This is defined as: (1) a positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrences every year from 2017-2019), (2) the number of accumulated active fires is less than 50% of the distribution, but it has one or none of the climatological conditions including (3) probability of below-average rainfall and (4) probability of above-average temperature. 7 Observation This is defined as: (1) areas with a negative trend of hot pixels, (2) high accumulated fire values (> 75%) in areas where both or one of the meteorological variables, (3) rainfall or (4) temperature, is forecast with a probability of 60% or higher for enhanced fire-prone conditions. Low Probability This is defined as: (1) areas without fires detected for the Aug-Oct period since 2017 or with negative fire trend, (2) accumulated hot pixels lower than 75%, although one of the meteorological conditions (3) rain or (4) temperature may have a high probability for establishing a condition for fire spread. This category also includes areas where the trend is negative and both climatological conditions for fire risk have lower probabilities to occur. Table 2. Summary of the variables for the different fire probability categories.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Project Appraisal Document (For CEO Endorsement)
    THE WORLD BANK/IFC/M.I.G.A. OFFICE MEMORANDUM DATE: December 19, 2000 TO: Mr. Mohamed El-Ashry, CEO/Chairman, GEF FROM: Lars Vidaeus, GEF Executive Coordinator EXTENSION: 34188 SUBJECT: Peru – Indigenous Management of Natural Protected Areas in the Peruvian Amazon Final GEF CEO Endorsement 1. Please find attached the electronic file of the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) for the above-mentioned project for review prior to circulation Council and your final endorsement. This project was approved for Work Program entry at the May 1999 Council meeting under streamlined Council review procedures. 2. The PAD is fully consistent with the objectives and content of the proposal endorsed by Council as part of the May 1999 Work Program. Minor changes regarding implementation emphasis, clustering of components, and financing plan have been introduced during final project preparation and appraisal. Information on these minor modifications, and how GEFSEC, STAP and Council comments received at Work Program entry have been addressed, are outlined below. Implementation Emphasis 3. As conceived at the time of Work Program entry, the project was going to support the creation and management of four new protected areas (Santiago-Comaina, Gueppi and Alto Purus, El Sira) with the participation of indigenous organizations. A fifth area, Pacaya- Samiria, had already been created as a National Reserve, and was to receive project support for improved management, as part of the Government’s effort to place 10% of the Peruvian Amazon under protection. Following Council approval of the Project Brief in May 1999, GOP demonstrated its commitment to project objectives by establishing three new Reserved Zones (Santiago-Comaina, Gueppi and Alto Purus), surpassing the 10% target.
    [Show full text]
  • For Bird Watching Areas Additional Information South America
    2 9 7 3 4 NPA - Natural Protected Area Peru Habitat 5 6 Best time for birdwatching 1 8 Naturalfor bird watching areas Additional information South America 2 3 4 5 6 7 Los Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary Pacaya Samiria National Reserve Pomac Forest Historic Sanctuary Manu National Park Tambopata National Reserve Alto Mayo Protected Forest Bare-throated tiger heron Tigrisoma mexicanum Jabiru Jabiru mycteria Peruvian plantcuer Phytotoma raimondii Andean cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruvianus Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja Ash-throated antwren Herpsilochmus parkeri Very close to the city of Tumbes, on the northern border of Peru, you will find As the water level starts to decrease in the Amazon lowlands, you will The adventure begins with a visit to the carob trees in the Pomac On the Manu road, between Acjanaco and Tono, and near the famous After a boat trip from Puerto Maldonado and a walk through the Located north of the Alto Mayo rainforest, in an area known as an environment surrounded by mangroves; tall and leafy trees that have given be able to see a great variety of mollusks, amphibians, and birds. The forest. In this 5887-hectare equatorial dry forest you will find a huge Tres Cruces Viewpoint, you will find one of the most famous members of jungle, you will reach a captivating territory with a wealth of flora and Chuquillantas or La Llantería, a mountain ridge can be found. This area the place its name: Los Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary. You will visit Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, with a surface area of 2,080,000 carob tree of more than 500 years old, to which the locals aribute the cotingo family: the Andean cock-of-the-rock, which is one of the fauna species.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD First National Report
    BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN PERU __________________________________________________________ LIMA-PERU NATIONAL REPORT December 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ 6 1 PROPOSED PROGRESS REPORT MATRIX............................................... 20 I INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 29 II BACKGROUND.......................................................................................... 31 a Status and trends of knowledge, conservation and use of biodiversity. ..................................................................................................... 31 b. Direct (proximal) and indirect (ultimate) threats to biodiversity and its management ......................................................................................... 36 c. The value of diversity in terms of conservation and sustainable use.................................................................................................................... 47 d. Legal & political framework for the conservation and use of biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 51 e. Institutional responsibilities and capacities................................................. 58 III NATIONAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ON THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY.............................................................................................. 77
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Probability in South American Protected Areas
    Technical Note Fire probability in South American Protected Areas August to October 2020 South American authors: Liana O. Anderson, João B. C. dos Reis, Ana Carolina M. Pessôa, Galia Selaya, Luiz Aragão UK authors: Chantelle Burton, Philip Bett, Chris Jones, Karina Williams, Inika Taylor, Andrew Wiltshire August 2020 1 HOW TO CITE THIS WORK ANDERSON Liana O.; BURTON Chantelle; DOS REIS João B. C.; PESSÔA Ana C. M.; SELAYA Galia; BETT Philip, JONES Chris, WILLIAMS Karina; TAYLOR Inika; WILTSHIRE, Andrew, ARAGÃO Luiz. Fire probability in South American Protected Areas: August to October 2020. 16p. São José dos Campos, 2020.SEI/Cemaden process: 01250.029118/2018-78/5761326. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13727.79523 Contact: [email protected] Institutions Met Office Hadley Centre – United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais - Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil This Technical Note was prepared with the support of the following projects: CSSP-BRAZIL - Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil. Fund: Newton Fund MAP-FIRE – Multi-Actor Adaptation Plan to cope with Forests under Increasing Risk of Extensive fires Fund: Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI-SGP-HW 016) PRODIGY BMBF biotip Project – Process‐based & Resilience‐Oriented management of Diversity Generates sustainabilitY Fund: German BMBF biotip Project FKZ 01LC1824A João B. C. dos Reis and Ana C. M. Pessôa were funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - 444321/2018-7 and 140977/2018-5, respectively). Luiz Aragão was funded by CNPq Productivity fellowship (305054/2016-3). Liana Anderson acknowledges EasyTelling, and the projects: CNPq (ACRE-QUEIMADAS 442650/2018-3, SEM-FLAMA 441949/2018-5), São Paulo Research Foundation – (FAPESP 19/05440-5, 2016/02018-2).
    [Show full text]
  • International Tropical Timber Organization
    INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE: STRENGTHENING MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF NORTHWESTERN PERU SERIAL NUMBER: PD 601/11 Rev.3 (F) COMMITTEE: REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY: GOVERNMENT OF PERU ORIGINAL LANGUAGE: SPANISH SUMMARY The key problem to be addressed is the “insufficient number of participatory mechanisms for the conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems in the Piura and Tumbes regions (northern Peru)”. Its main causes are: (i) Limited use of legal powers by regional and local governments for the conservation of mangrove ecosystems; ii) low level of forest management and administration for the conservation of mangrove ecosystems; and (iii) limited development of financial sustainability strategies for mangrove forests. These problems in turn lead to low living standards for the communities living in mangrove ecosystem areas and to the loss of biodiversity. In order to address this situation, the specific objective of this project is to “increase the number of participatory mechanisms for mangrove forest protection and conservation in the regions of Tumbes and Piura” with the development objective of “contributing to improving the standard of living of the population in mangrove ecosystem areas in the regions of Tumbes and Piura, Northwest Peru”. In order to achieve these objectives, the following outputs are proposed: 1) Adequate use of legal powers by regional and local governments for the conservation of mangrove forests; 2) Improved level
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Areas
    2 9 7 3 4 NPA - Natural Protected Area Peru Habitat 5 6 Best time for birdwatching 1 8 Naturalfor birdwatching areas Additional information South America 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mangroves of Tumbes National Sanctuary Pacaya Samiria National Reserve Pómac Forest Historic Sanctuary Manu National Park Tambopata National Reserve Alto Mayo Protected Forest Bare-throated tiger heron Tigrisoma mexicanum Jabiru Jabiru mycteria Peruvian plantcuer Phytotoma raimondii Andean cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruvianus Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja Ash-throated antwren Herpsilochmus parkeri Very close to the city of Tumbes, on the northern border of Peru, you will find As the water level starts to decrease in the Amazon lowlands, you will The adventure begins with a visit to the carob trees in the Pomac On the Manu road, between Acjanaco and Tono, and near the famous After a boat trip from Puerto Maldonado and a walk through the Located north of the Alto Mayo rainforest, in an area known as an environment surrounded by mangroves; tall and leafy trees that have given be able to see a great variety of mollusks, amphibians, and birds. The forest. In this 5887-hectare equatorial dry forest you will find a huge Tres Cruces Viewpoint, you will find one of the most famous members of jungle, you will reach a captivating territory with a wealth of flora and Chuquillantas or La Llantería, a mountain ridge can be found. This area the place its name: Mangroves of Tumbes National Sanctuary. You will visit the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, with a surface area of 2,080,000 carob tree of more than 500 years old, to which the locals aribute the cotingo family: the Andean cock-of-the-rock, which is one of the fauna species.
    [Show full text]
  • Insert the Title Here
    MULTI-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GLACIER RETREAT USING LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGES IN THE NEVADO OF THE AMPAY NATIONAL SANCTUARY- PERU Carolina Soto Carrión1, Juan José Zuñiga Negron2, Jhon Paucar Ancco3, Wilber Jiménez Mendoza4, Manuel J. Ibarra Cabrera5, Alejandro Narváez Liceras6, Sheila Paucar Ancco7 1Director of Research and International Cooperation Ordinary Principal Professor Technological University of the Andes, Apurimac email: [email protected] 2Research Center on Climate Change and Environmental Management National University of San Antonio Abad of Cusco American Climber Science Program, Eldora, Colorado email: [email protected] 3 Environmental Engineer, Andes University of Technology, Apurímac email: [email protected] 4Academic coordinator of the master's program in educational Management Ordinary Principal Professor National University Micaela Bastides of Apurímac email: [email protected] 5Vice Chancellor and Senior Ordinary Professor Faculty of Computer and Systems Engineering National University Micaela Bastides of Apurímac email: [email protected] 6Ordinary Principal Professor National Major University of San Marcos, Lima email: [email protected] 7Bachelor School of Mining Engineering Technological University of the Andes, Apurimac email: [email protected] Cite as: Soto Carrión, C., Zuñiga Negron, J. J., Paucar Ancco, J., Jiménez Mendoza, W., Ibarra Cabrera, M. J., Narváez Liceras, A., Paucar Ancco, S., MULTI-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GLACIER RETREAT USING LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGES IN THE NEVADO OF THE AMPAY NATIONAL SANCTUARY- PERU, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 1080380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0380 Glaciers are humanity's most extraordinary reservoirs of water, covering approximately 10% of the total surface of the earth. The investigation of the retreat of the glacier surface in the Ampay National Sanctuary is carried out using the historical series of Landsat images and applies the normalized snow difference index between the years 1991 to 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Funding Landscape for Biodiversity Conservation in Peru
    MAPPING THE FUNDING LANDSCAPE FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN PERU BY KATIA SOFIA NAKAMURA LAM THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Assistant Professor Daniel C. Miller, Adviser Associate Professor Richard Brazee Dr. Anthony Waldron, National University of Singapore ABSTRACT Financial resources are crucial to effective biodiversity conservation. Globally, research shoWs that conservation-related eXpenditures are directed toWards countries of high biodiversity importance, even as funding floWs are Well beloW estimates of financial need. The absence of sufficient funding makes the effective and efficient use of the available resources even more imperative. Empirical evidence on previous funding floWs is necessary to develop a baseline for comparison, identification of funding gaps, and assessment of ultimate impacts. To date, hoWever, knoWledge of the distribution of funding Within countries remains very limited. This study, therefore, analyzes the conservation funding landscape in Peru, a mega-diverse country, to shed light on the nature and trends of support for biodiversity and the factors shaping funding allocation at the sub-national level. I carried out desk-based and field research to collect as much data as possible on conservation finance in Peru from 2009, the year the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment Was founded, to 2015, the last year for which full data were available. Information collected covered a range of public and private, domestic and international sources. Overall, I found that 19% of the funding for conservation in Peru derived from domestic sources and 81% from international ones during the study period.
    [Show full text]
  • Trekking in Peru: 50 Best Walks and Hikes Free Ebook
    FREETREKKING IN PERU: 50 BEST WALKS AND HIKES EBOOK Hilary Bradt,Kathy Jarvis | 384 pages | 15 Apr 2014 | BRADT TRAVEL GUIDES | 9781841624921 | English | Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom The 20 Best Trekking Routes in Peru - Stingy Nomads Follow us on Facebook and Instagram for regular doses of beauty and delight. Our partners Responsible Travel. Great walking, and much else See their site for inspiring ideas. Its greatest glory is its intoxicating mixture of scenery and history, as experienced from its famous Inca Trails. Water and ice have added their say, carving the mountains and creating great gorges. Peru can be divided in three regions: a narrow coastal strip in the west, a vast area of Amazon tropical rainforest in the east and northeast, and in between the highlands of the Andes with endless snowy peaks up to m highaltiplano, glaciers, gorges and remote valleys. The Inca civilization emerged from mysterious origins as a small city-state in the s, in the mids dramatically conquering and absorbing lands stretching some 5,km north to south. All the more extraordinary that they are thought to have been illiterate knotted string was used to record numbers. And yes, they did perform human sacrifices, although not on Trekking in Peru: 50 Best Walks and Hikes Mayan scale. Spanish rule left a legacy of lovely towns and buildings, but exploited indigenes. Independence from Spain came inafter a decade of conflict. Border areas with Ecuador and Colombia are drug country and should be avoided. See the list below for a currently incomplete — please give us your recommendations! Long distance hiking in Peru usually means camping, and is often high, requiring acclimatization.
    [Show full text]
  • Respondent's Rejoinder on the Merits and Reply on Jurisdiction
    BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES Bear Creek Mining Corporation Claimant, v. Republic of Perú Respondent. Case No. ARB/14/21 Respondent’s Rejoinder on the Merits and Reply on Jurisdiction April 13, 2016 Counsel for Respondent: Stanimir A. Alexandrov Juan Pazos Marinn Carlson Ricardo Puccio Sala Jennifer Haworth McCandless Navarro & Pazos Abogados Sidley Austin LLP Av. Del Parque 195 San Isidro 1501 K Street, N.W. Lima, Perú Washington, D.C. 20005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 II. Factual Background .............................................................................................................9 A. Bear Creek’s (Lack of) Experience..........................................................................9 B. Bear Creek Unlawfully Acquired the Santa Ana Concessions ..............................17 1. Perú’s Constitution Prohibits Any Direct or Indirect Acquisition of Mines Within 50 km of Perú’s Borders ................................................................19 2. Bear Creek Violated Article 71 of the Peruvian Constitution ...................28 3. Foreign Investors in Perú’s Border Zones Successfully Follow Proper Procedures under Article 71, and Bear Creek’s Purported Counter- Examples Are Not Comparable .................................................................39 4. Bear Creek Does Not Succeed in Its Search for Validation of Its Circumvention
    [Show full text]
  • Usaid/Peru 118/119 Tropical Forest and Biodiversity Analysis
    DIEGO PÉREZ USAID/PERU 118/119 TROPICAL FOREST AND BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Report authors: Juan Carlos Riveros, Maina Martir-Torres, César Ipenza, Patricia Tello September, 2019 DISCLAIMER: The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. USAID/PERU 118/119 TROPICAL FOREST AND BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS September, 2019 Prepared with technical support from US Forest Service International Programs LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF MAPS Figure 1 Map 1 Summary of Main Threats and Drivers of Official Ecosystems Map of Peru 32 Biodiversity and Tropical Forest Loss in Tropical Forests and Marine Ecosystems 13 Map 2 Forest Loss in the Peruvian Amazon Figure 2 Between 2001-2017 39 Forest Loss in Peru 38 Map 3 Figure 3 National Natural Protected Areas Species Richness of Select Taxonomic Managed by SERNANP 43 Groups in Peru 40 Map 4 Figure 4 Forest Use Designations 45 Number of Threatened Plant Species 41 Figure 5 Number of Threatened Animal Species 41 Figure A5 1 Forest Loss in Selected Regions 135 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table A2 1 Actions Necessary to Conserve Biodiversity Weekly Activities and Milestones 118 (Tropical Forests and Marine Ecosystems) 15 Table A5 1 Table 2 Ecosystem Categories 128 Policies and Other Legal Instruments Relevant for Biodiversity and Tropical Table A5 2 Forest Conservation 59 National Natural Protected Areas 130 Table 3 Table A5 3 Actions Necessary to Conserve Biodiversity CITES Listed Animal Species 133 (Tropical
    [Show full text]
  • Birdwatching Guide for Protected Natural Areas Published by Peru Export and Tourism Promotion Board - PROMPERU
    Birdwatching guide for Protected Natural Areas Published by Peru Export and Tourism Promotion Board - PROMPERU. Calle Uno Oeste N° 50, Piso 14, Urb. Córpac, San Isidro, Lima-Peru. Tel: (51-1) 616-7300 www.promperu.gob.pe © PROMPERÚ. All Rights Reserved. Legal Deposit made at the National Library of Peru No. 2015-06418 Printing office: Servicios Gráficos JMD S.R.L. Av. José Gálvez 1549, Lince / Tel: 470-6420 472-8273 June 2015 - Lima Research and content: Fernando Angulo Pratolongo, Principal Researcher at CORBIDI [email protected] Map design: Grupo Geographos Graphic design and edition: PROMPERU Subdirección de Turismo Interno y Subdirección de Producción (Sub-Directorate for Domestic Tourism and Sub-Directorate for Production) The content of this guide has been updated in December 2014 by PROMPERU through official information sources and the assistance of SERNANP (National Service of State-Protected Natural Areas). Free distribution- Not for sale Birdwatching guide for Protected Natural Areas Birdwatching guide for Protected Natural Areas Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary TUMBES LORETO Cerros de Amotape National Park Pacaya – Samiria PIURA AMAZONAS National Reserve Laquipampa Wildlife LAMBAYEQUE Refuge Bosque de Pómac SAN MARTÍN Historical Sanctuary CAJAMARCA LA LIBERTAD Tingo María National Park ÁNCASH HUÁNUCO Huayllay UCAYALI National PASCO Sanctuary Lachay JUNÍN National Reserve CALLAO Manu LIMA National Park MADRE DE DIOS HUANCAVELICA Ampay National Sanctuary CUSCO Paracas APURÍMAC National ICA Reserve PUNO AYACUCHO Titicaca National Salinas and Reserve Aguada Blanca National Reserve AREQUIPA Lagunas de Mejía MOQUEGUA National Sanctuary Ite TACNA Wetlands Aprobado por R.D. N° 0134 / RE del 20 de abril de 2015 Birdwatching guide for Protected Natural Areas Content Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary Introduction .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]