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FSD2499

Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008

Codebook

FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018.

This codebook has been generated from the version 3.0 (19.7.2018) of the data.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere

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$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2020-03-05 10:26:06.698000 $ To the reader

This codebook is part of the data FSD2499 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

Elo, Kimmo (University of Turku) & Rapeli, Lauri (University of Turku): Knowl- edge of Politics and Society 2008 [dataset]. Version 3.0 (2018-07-19). Finnish So- cial Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.ﬁ/urn:nbn:ﬁ:fsd:T-FSD2499

The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents

1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 3 1.4 Use of data ...... 4

2 Variables 7

3 Indexes 155 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 155 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 172

A Questionnaire in Finnish 189

Chapter 1

Study description

1.1 Titles

Titles and data version: Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008 Titles and data version in Finnish: Yhteiskuntatutkimus 2008 This codebook has been generated from the version 3.0 (19.7.2018) of the data.

1.2 Subject description

Authoring entity

Elo, Kimmo (University of Turku. Department of Political Science) Rapeli, Lauri (University of Turku. Department of Political Science)

In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.

Depositor

Elo, Kimmo (University of Turku. Department of Political Science)

Date of deposit

24.11.2009

1 1. Study description

Keywords

Internet use; mass media use; political awareness; political interest; political participation; political systems; voting

Topic Classiﬁcation

Fields of Science Classiﬁcation: Social sciences Other Classiﬁcation: Government, political systems and organisations; Political behaviour and attitudes

Series description

The data belong to the series:

Individual datasets

Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.

Abstract

The survey charted political knowledge of the Finns, focusing on basic political concepts, the political systems of Finland and the EU, and Finnish national economy. Opinions on politics and democracy were also surveyed. The data were collected as part of the research project "Knowledge of Politics in International Comparison 2007-2010" at the University of Turku. The same questions were presented in other surveys conducted by the project: FSD2343 Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008: Turku Region Upper Secondary Schools 2007-2008 and FSD2344 Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008: Turku Region Vocational Institutions 2007-2008. The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Education and Culture provided funding for the project. First, opinions on politics were charted. The respondents were asked how interested they were in politics, how much information they had received from various sources (e.g. from educational institutes at different levels, friends, home) to understand social and political issues, how close they felt to speciﬁc political parties or civic/voluntary organisations and on what grounds they made their party/candidate choice in elections. Further questions covered the perceived importance of voting in different elections, the respondent’s political and civic participation and participation methods. The respondents also rated how important they held a number of sources to be for obtaining political and social information (e.g. television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, events, contacts with decision-makers, personal communication). Tele- vision, radio, newspaper and Internet use was charted as well as reasons for using the Internet. Next, political knowledge and knowledge of the Finnish political system were studied. The respondents were asked to assess the level of their own political and social knowledge. A number of questions explored knowledge on what the concepts of politics, democracy and political left and right entail. The respondents also graded the functionality of Finnish democracy and placed themselves on the left-right axis. Further questions investigated factual knowledge

2 1.3. Structure and collection of the data on Finnish constitution, proportional electoral system, electoral districts, functions of political parties, functions and powers of Parliament and the Prime Minister, parties represented in the coalition government and Parliament, elections, national incomes policy negotiations, etc. Knowledge on EU issues was charted by asking the respondents when Finland had become a member state, which countries were members in the EU or belonged to the euro zone, powers of the EU, to which EU institution representatives were elected by direct vote, how many votes Finland had in the Council of Ministers, how many members Finland had in the European Parliament, what were powers of the Parliament and the length of the electoral period. Knowledge on Finnish national economy was explored through questions on local taxation, state budget, impact of inﬂation on purchasing power, and state income tax. The categorised variables ending in letter l contain the distributions of correct answers to questions examining the respondents’ knowledge. Background variables included the respondent’s gender, year of birth, municipality of residence, education, ﬁeld of study if had university education, marital status, number of children, type of neighbourhood, economic activity and occupational status, type of employer, annual gross income of the household, and mother tongue.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Finnish citizens aged 18 or over living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: February 2008 – March 2008 Data collector(s): Taloustutkimus Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2008 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 345 variables and 1020 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Stratiﬁed Quota sampling based on age, gender and municipality of residence. Interviews were conducted by using the starting point method. Five interviews were conducted from each randomly selected starting address.

3 1. Study description

1.4 Use of data

Related publications

Elo, Kimmo (2009). Asking Factual Knowledge Questions. Reliability in Web-based, Passive Sampling Surveys. Social Science Computer Review OnlineFirst, published on August 20, 2009. doi:10.1177/0894439309339306 Elo, Kimmo (2009). Kiinnostuksesta se kaikki lähtee... Havaintoja äänestysikää lähestyvien nuorten politiikkatietämyksestä. Kasvatus 40(1), 36-48. Elo, Kimmo (2009). Poliittinen tietämys ja puolueiden tulevaisuus. Teoksessa: Puolueiden tulevaisuus (toim. Rauli Mickelsson), 65-95. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. - (Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2009: 6) Elo, Kimmo & Rapeli, Lauri (2008). Suomalaisten politiikkatietämys. Helsinki: Edita Prima. Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2008:6. Elo, Kimmo & Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Determinants of Political Knowledge: The Effects of the Media on Knowledge and Information. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties 20(1), 133-146. DOI: 10.1080/17457280903450799 Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Politiikkatietämyksen ajallinen vaihtelu Suomessa. Politiikka, 52(2), 133- 139. Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Tietääkö kansa? Kansalaisten politiikkatietämys teoreettisessa ja empi- irisessä tarkastelussa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C;296. Rapeli, Lauri (2014). Eduskunta ja kansalaismielipide. Teoksessa: Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituksen ehdoilla (toim. Raunio, Tapio & Wiberg, Matti), 51-65. Helsinki: Gaudeamus. Tolonen, Emilia (2011). Mikä motivoi liittoon?. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu-tutkielma. urn:nbn:ﬁ:uta-1-22422 Updated list of publications in the study description at

https://services.fsd.uta.ﬁ/catalogue/FSD2499?lang=en&study_language=en

Related studies

FSD2343 Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008: Turku Region Upper Secondary Schools 2007-2008 FSD2344 Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008: Turku Region Vocational Institutions 2007- 2008

Related material

Elo, Kimmo & Rapeli, Lauri (2008). Suomalaisten politiikkatietämys. Helsinki: Edita Prima. Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2008:6.

4 1.4. Use of data

Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Tietääkö kansa? Kansalaisten politiikkatietämys teoreettisessa ja empi- irisessä tarkastelussa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C;296.

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Restrictions

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Chapter 2

Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 2499.00 maximum 2499.00 mean 2499.00 standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 3.00 maximum 3.00 mean 3.00 standard deviation 0.00

7 2. Variables

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question

FSD case id

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 1.00 maximum 1020.00 mean 510.50 standard deviation 294.59

[TT1] The respondent’s gender

Question

The respondent’s gender

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Male 1 515 50.5 50.5 Female 2 505 49.5 49.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT2] The respondent’s year of birth

Question

The respondent’s year of birth

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 1917.00 maximum 1990.00 mean 1959.04 standard deviation 17.75

8 TT4

[TT3] The respondent’s municipality of residence

Question

The respondent’s municipality of residence

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 6.00 maximum 980.00 mean 410.05 standard deviation 299.30

[TT4] The respondent’s education or the education level the respondent’s full-time study aims at

Question

The respondent’s education or the education level the respondent’s full-time study aims at

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Primary education 1 188 18.4 18.4 Lower secondary education 2 100 9.8 9.8 Upper secondary education (vocational) 3 261 25.6 25.6 General upper secondary education (no vocational ed- 4 65 6.4 6.4 ucation) Vocational college (post-secondary) 5 158 15.5 15.5 Upper vocational degree, university of applied sci- 6 94 9.2 9.2 ences / polytechnic degree Lower academic degree (Bachelor’s) 7 39 3.8 3.8 Higher academic degree (Master’s) 8 99 9.7 9.7 Licentiate or doctoral degree 9 15 1.5 1.5 Other education 10 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 104 0 0.0 0.0 1020 100.0 100.0

9 2. Variables

[TT5] If you have a higher education degree, which of the following did you study as your major subject?

Question

If you have a higher education degree, which of the following did you study as your major subject?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Humanities/Arts 1 34 3.3 22.2 Law 2 3 0.3 2.0 Economics 3 12 1.2 7.8 Social sciences 4 25 2.5 16.3 Medicine 5 11 1.1 7.2 Natural sciences 6 23 2.3 15.0 Engineering 7 18 1.8 11.8 Educational science (including teacher education) 8 17 1.7 11.1 None of the above 9 10 1.0 6.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 867 85.0 – 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT6] The respondent’s marital status

Question

The respondent’s marital status

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Single, never married 1 230 22.5 22.5 Married or in registered partnership 2 433 42.5 42.5 Cohabiting 3 143 14.0 14.0 Divorced or separated 4 138 13.5 13.5 Widowed 5 75 7.4 7.4 Other 6 1 0.1 0.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT7] Are there children in your household?

Question

Are there children in your household?

10 TT7B2

Frequencies

label value n % v. % No 1 718 70.4 70.4 Yes 2 302 29.6 29.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT7B1] How many children live in your household?

Question

How many children live in your household?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 1 113 11.1 37.4 2 127 12.5 42.1 3 39 3.8 12.9 4 12 1.2 4.0 5 4 0.4 1.3 7 2 0.2 0.7 8 1 0.1 0.3 9 1 0.1 0.3 Didn’t respond 104 3 0.3 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 718 70.4 – 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT7B2] How many of the children are under 18 years old?

Question

How many of the children are under 18 years old?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 1 119 11.7 39.4 2 117 11.5 38.7 3 33 3.2 10.9 4 11 1.1 3.6 5 5 0.5 1.7

(continued on next page)

11 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 7 1 0.1 0.3 8 1 0.1 0.3 9 1 0.1 0.3 Didn’t respond 104 14 1.4 4.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 718 70.4 – 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT8] Type of neighbourhood where the respondent lives

Question

Type of neighbourhood where the respondent lives

Frequencies

label value n % v. % City centre 1 193 18.9 18.9 City/town suburb 2 533 52.3 52.3 Municipal centre or population centre in a rural area 3 209 20.5 20.5 Sparsely populated rural area 4 85 8.3 8.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT9] The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status

Question

The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Higher managerial employee 1 18 1.8 1.8 Lower managerial/professional employee 2 97 9.5 9.5 Intermediate level employee 3 101 9.9 9.9 Worker 4 223 21.9 21.9 Farmer 5 9 0.9 0.9 Entrepreneur, self-employed, own account worker 6 52 5.1 5.1 Student 7 90 8.8 8.8 I take care of children/home/family members 8 36 3.5 3.5

(continued on next page)

12 TT11

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Unemployed/laid off 9 56 5.5 5.5 Pensioner/retired 10 332 32.5 32.5 Other 11 6 0.6 0.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT10] The respondent’s employer type

Question

The respondent’s employer type

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Municipality/municipal federation 1 126 12.4 12.4 Municipal company/utility 2 7 0.7 0.7 Government/state/other public employer 3 63 6.2 6.2 So called third sector (e.g. non-proﬁt organisation) 4 17 1.7 1.7 Own company/self-employed 5 56 5.5 5.5 Company 6 256 25.1 25.1 Not in employment 7 463 45.4 45.4 Other 8 32 3.1 3.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT11] The total gross annual income of the household

Question

The total gross annual income of the household

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Under 10,000 euros 1 117 11.5 11.5 10,001 - 20,000 euros 2 184 18.0 18.0 20,001 - 30,000 euros 3 194 19.0 19.0 30,001 - 40,000 euros 4 153 15.0 15.0 40,001 - 55,000 euros 5 117 11.5 11.5 55,001 - 65,000 euros 6 84 8.2 8.2

(continued on next page)

13 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 65,001 - 75,000 euros 7 39 3.8 3.8 75,001 - 85,000 euros 8 24 2.4 2.4 85,001 - 95,000 euros 9 12 1.2 1.2 95,001 - 110,000 euros 10 21 2.1 2.1 Over 110,000 euros 11 11 1.1 1.1 Didn’t respond 104 64 6.3 6.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT12] Mother tongue

Question

Mother tongue

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Finnish 1 993 97.4 97.4 Swedish 2 19 1.9 1.9 Other 3 8 0.8 0.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT13] How interested are you in politics?

Question

How interested are you in politics?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very interested 1 124 12.2 12.2 Fairly interested 2 481 47.2 47.2 Only slightly interested 3 302 29.6 29.6 Not at all interested 4 113 11.1 11.1 Can’t say 104 0 0.0 0.0 1020 100.0 100.0

14 TT14_2

[TT14_1] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In primary and lower secondary school

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In primary and lower secondary school

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 Very good 1 22 2.2 2.2 Good 2 193 18.9 18.9 Average 3 462 45.3 45.3 Weak 4 260 25.5 25.5 None 5 67 6.6 6.6 No experience 6 8 0.8 0.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT14_2] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In general upper secondary school (high school)

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In general upper secondary school (high school)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 17 1.7 1.7 Very good 1 26 2.5 2.5 Good 2 179 17.5 17.5 Average 3 156 15.3 15.3 Weak 4 38 3.7 3.7 None 5 33 3.2 3.2 No experience 6 571 56.0 56.0 1020 100.0 100.0

15 2. Variables

[TT14_3] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In vocational upper secondary school / university of applied sciences (polytechnic)

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In vocational upper secondary school / university of applied sciences (polytechnic)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 Very good 1 27 2.6 2.6 Good 2 131 12.8 12.8 Average 3 175 17.2 17.2 Weak 4 123 12.1 12.1 None 5 72 7.1 7.1 No experience 6 480 47.1 47.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT14_4] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In university

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In university

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 20 2.0 2.0 Very good 1 29 2.8 2.8 Good 2 56 5.5 5.5 Average 3 50 4.9 4.9 Weak 4 44 4.3 4.3 None 5 43 4.2 4.2 No experience 6 778 76.3 76.3 1020 100.0 100.0

16 TT14_6

[TT14_5] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: At home

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: At home

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Very good 1 63 6.2 6.2 Good 2 278 27.3 27.3 Average 3 368 36.1 36.1 Weak 4 221 21.7 21.7 None 5 72 7.1 7.1 No experience 6 15 1.5 1.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT14_6] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: Among friends and/or acquaintances

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: Among friends and/or acquaintances

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4 Very good 1 42 4.1 4.1 Good 2 238 23.3 23.3 Average 3 408 40.0 40.0 Weak 4 242 23.7 23.7 None 5 81 7.9 7.9 No experience 6 5 0.5 0.5 1020 100.0 100.0

17 2. Variables

[TT14_7] How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: From self-study

Question

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: From self-study

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very good 1 76 7.5 7.5 Good 2 276 27.1 27.1 Average 3 316 31.0 31.0 Weak 4 161 15.8 15.8 None 5 115 11.3 11.3 No experience 6 69 6.8 6.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_1] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: National Coalition Party (KOK)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: National Coalition Party (KOK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 10 1.0 1.0 Very close 1 47 4.6 4.6 Close 2 164 16.1 16.1 Neither distant nor close 3 295 28.9 28.9 Distant 4 329 32.3 32.3 Very distant 5 175 17.2 17.2 1020 100.0 100.0

18 TT15_4

[TT15_2] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 Very close 1 43 4.2 4.2 Close 2 210 20.6 20.6 Neither distant nor close 3 328 32.2 32.2 Distant 4 308 30.2 30.2 Very distant 5 119 11.7 11.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_3] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 Very close 1 38 3.7 3.7 Close 2 187 18.3 18.3 Neither distant nor close 3 370 36.3 36.3 Distant 4 294 28.8 28.8 Very distant 5 119 11.7 11.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_4] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: True Finns (PS)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: True Finns (PS)

19 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 18 1.8 1.8 Very close 1 15 1.5 1.5 Close 2 85 8.3 8.3 Neither distant nor close 3 259 25.4 25.4 Distant 4 367 36.0 36.0 Very distant 5 276 27.1 27.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_5] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 14 1.4 1.4 Very close 1 5 0.5 0.5 Close 2 42 4.1 4.1 Neither distant nor close 3 176 17.3 17.3 Distant 4 354 34.7 34.7 Very distant 5 429 42.1 42.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_6] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Christian Democrats (KD)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Christian Democrats (KD)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 14 1.4 1.4

(continued on next page) 20 TT15_8

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very close 1 11 1.1 1.1 Close 2 77 7.5 7.5 Neither distant nor close 3 231 22.6 22.6 Distant 4 373 36.6 36.6 Very distant 5 314 30.8 30.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_7] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Green League (VIHR)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Green League (VIHR)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 13 1.3 1.3 Very close 1 30 2.9 2.9 Close 2 210 20.6 20.6 Neither distant nor close 3 290 28.4 28.4 Distant 4 296 29.0 29.0 Very distant 5 181 17.7 17.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT15_8] How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Left Alliance (VAS)

Question

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Left Alliance (VAS)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 14 1.4 1.4 Very close 1 24 2.4 2.4 Close 2 95 9.3 9.3

(continued on next page)

21 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Neither distant nor close 3 239 23.4 23.4 Distant 4 351 34.4 34.4 Very distant 5 297 29.1 29.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_1] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Amnesty International

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Amnesty International

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Very close 1 33 3.2 3.2 Close 2 206 20.2 20.2 Neither distant nor close 3 284 27.8 27.8 Distant 4 193 18.9 18.9 Very distant 5 110 10.8 10.8 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 191 18.7 18.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_2] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Greenpeace

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Greenpeace

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4 Very close 1 17 1.7 1.7 Close 2 154 15.1 15.1

(continued on next page)

22 TT16_4

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Neither distant nor close 3 333 32.6 32.6 Distant 4 257 25.2 25.2 Very distant 5 168 16.5 16.5 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 87 8.5 8.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_3] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: ATTAC

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: ATTAC

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very close 1 5 0.5 0.5 Close 2 16 1.6 1.6 Neither distant nor close 3 70 6.9 6.9 Distant 4 136 13.3 13.3 Very distant 5 136 13.3 13.3 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 650 63.7 63.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_4] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Friends of the Earth

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Friends of the Earth

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very close 1 2 0.2 0.2

(continued on next page)

23 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Close 2 43 4.2 4.2 Neither distant nor close 3 128 12.5 12.5 Distant 4 142 13.9 13.9 Very distant 5 115 11.3 11.3 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 583 57.2 57.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_5] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Transparency International

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Transparency International

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4 Very close 1 3 0.3 0.3 Close 2 17 1.7 1.7 Neither distant nor close 3 51 5.0 5.0 Distant 4 63 6.2 6.2 Very distant 5 72 7.1 7.1 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 810 79.4 79.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_6] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Committee of 100 in Finland

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Committee of 100 in Finland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4

(continued on next page)

24 TT16_8

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very close 1 2 0.2 0.2 Close 2 14 1.4 1.4 Neither distant nor close 3 61 6.0 6.0 Distant 4 143 14.0 14.0 Very distant 5 166 16.3 16.3 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 630 61.8 61.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_7] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Oikeutta eläimille (’Justice for An- imals’)

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Oikeutta eläimille (’Justice for Animals’)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 5 0.5 0.5 Very close 1 34 3.3 3.3 Close 2 195 19.1 19.1 Neither distant nor close 3 260 25.5 25.5 Distant 4 200 19.6 19.6 Very distant 5 182 17.8 17.8 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 144 14.1 14.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT16_8] How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Finnish Association for Nature Conservation

Question

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Finnish Association for Nature Conservation

Frequencies

25 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4 Very close 1 61 6.0 6.0 Close 2 383 37.5 37.5 Neither distant nor close 3 329 32.3 32.3 Distant 4 141 13.8 13.8 Very distant 5 58 5.7 5.7 I don’t know about the organisation’s activities 6 44 4.3 4.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT17A] In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Municipal elections

Question

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Municipal elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 355 34.8 34.8 Mentioned 1 665 65.2 65.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT17B] In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Parliamentary elections

Question

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Parlia- mentary elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 266 26.1 26.1 Mentioned 1 754 73.9 73.9 1020 100.0 100.0

26 TT17E

[TT17C] In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Presidential elections

Question

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Presidential elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 367 36.0 36.0 Mentioned 1 653 64.0 64.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT17D] In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: European Parliament elections

Question

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: European Parliament elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 753 73.8 73.8 Mentioned 1 267 26.2 26.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT17E] In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: I don’t consider voting important

Question

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: I don’t consider voting important

Frequencies

27 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 951 93.2 93.2 Mentioned 1 69 6.8 6.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT18] Which of the following best describes the way you decide on the party and/or candidate you vote for?

Question

Which of the following best describes the way you decide on the party and/or candidate you vote for?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % I always vote for a candidate of one particular party 1 263 25.8 27.7 I vote for the party/candidate that seems the best in 2 309 30.3 32.5 my opinion I ﬁnd out about the opinions of parties/candidates on 3 322 31.6 33.9 things important to me and I vote for the most suitable candidate I use an online candidate selector to ﬁnd me a suitable 4 51 5.0 5.4 candidate Can’t say 104 6 0.6 0.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 69 6.8 – 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_1] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Writing a letter to the editor

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Writing a letter to the editor

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4 Very meaningful 1 93 9.1 9.1 Meaningful 2 273 26.8 26.8

(continued on next page)

28 TT19_3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Somewhat meaningful 3 331 32.5 32.5 Not at all meaningful 4 319 31.3 31.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_2] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in a demonstration

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in a demonstration

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2 Very meaningful 1 27 2.6 2.6 Meaningful 2 73 7.2 7.2 Somewhat meaningful 3 238 23.3 23.3 Not at all meaningful 4 680 66.7 66.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_3] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Voting in elections

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Voting in elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Very meaningful 1 537 52.6 52.6 Meaningful 2 315 30.9 30.9 Somewhat meaningful 3 123 12.1 12.1 Not at all meaningful 4 42 4.1 4.1 1020 100.0 100.0

29 2. Variables

[TT19_4] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in the activities of a political party or a political organisation

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in the activities of a political party or a political organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 9 0.9 0.9 Very meaningful 1 40 3.9 3.9 Meaningful 2 157 15.4 15.4 Somewhat meaningful 3 310 30.4 30.4 Not at all meaningful 4 504 49.4 49.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_5] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation in the activities of a non- political organisation or association

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation in the activities of a non-political organisation or association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very meaningful 1 122 12.0 12.0 Meaningful 2 320 31.4 31.4 Somewhat meaningful 3 313 30.7 30.7 Not at all meaningful 4 258 25.3 25.3 1020 100.0 100.0

30 TT19_8

[TT19_6] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Protest voting

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Protest voting

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 14 1.4 1.4 Very meaningful 1 25 2.5 2.5 Meaningful 2 81 7.9 7.9 Somewhat meaningful 3 189 18.5 18.5 Not at all meaningful 4 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_7] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Contacting a decision-maker (e.g. a politician, public servant)

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Contacting a decision-maker (e.g. a politician, public servant)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 Very meaningful 1 111 10.9 10.9 Meaningful 2 284 27.8 27.8 Somewhat meaningful 3 337 33.0 33.0 Not at all meaningful 4 280 27.5 27.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_8] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Citizen activism (e.g. boycotts, squatting)

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Citizen activism (e.g. boycotts, squatting)

31 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very meaningful 1 30 2.9 2.9 Meaningful 2 121 11.9 11.9 Somewhat meaningful 3 254 24.9 24.9 Not at all meaningful 4 608 59.6 59.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_9] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in an election campaign

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in an election campaign

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 Very meaningful 1 37 3.6 3.6 Meaningful 2 131 12.8 12.8 Somewhat meaningful 3 296 29.0 29.0 Not at all meaningful 4 544 53.3 53.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT19_10] Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation on the Internet (e.g. online petitions, polls, discussions)

Question

Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation on the Internet (e.g. online petitions, polls, discussions)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 22 2.2 2.2

(continued on next page)

32 TT20_2

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very meaningful 1 74 7.3 7.3 Meaningful 2 221 21.7 21.7 Somewhat meaningful 3 291 28.5 28.5 Not at all meaningful 4 412 40.4 40.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_1] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A producer or business organisation

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A producer or business organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Very actively 1 8 0.8 0.8 Actively 2 27 2.6 2.6 Occasionally 3 91 8.9 8.9 I don’t participate in the activities 4 891 87.4 87.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_2] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A trade union or professional organisation

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A trade union or professional organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2

(continued on next page)

33 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 32 3.1 3.1 Actively 2 89 8.7 8.7 Occasionally 3 302 29.6 29.6 I don’t participate in the activities 4 595 58.3 58.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_3] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A village or neighbourhood association

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A village or neighbourhood association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2 Very actively 1 8 0.8 0.8 Actively 2 29 2.8 2.8 Occasionally 3 175 17.2 17.2 I don’t participate in the activities 4 806 79.0 79.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_4] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A tenants’/residents’ association

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A tenants’/residents’ association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3

(continued on next page)

34 TT20_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 26 2.5 2.5 Actively 2 74 7.3 7.3 Occasionally 3 169 16.6 16.6 I don’t participate in the activities 4 748 73.3 73.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_5] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A sports or ﬁtness club/organisation

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A sports or ﬁtness club/organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Very actively 1 62 6.1 6.1 Actively 2 140 13.7 13.7 Occasionally 3 209 20.5 20.5 I don’t participate in the activities 4 608 59.6 59.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_6] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A culture association

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A culture association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2

(continued on next page)

35 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 22 2.2 2.2 Actively 2 71 7.0 7.0 Occasionally 3 173 17.0 17.0 I don’t participate in the activities 4 752 73.7 73.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_7] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A youth or student organisation

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A youth or student organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Very actively 1 17 1.7 1.7 Actively 2 26 2.5 2.5 Occasionally 3 118 11.6 11.6 I don’t participate in the activities 4 859 84.2 84.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_8] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An association/organisation related to national defence

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An association/organisation related to national defence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2

(continued on next page)

36 TT20_10

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 15 1.5 1.5 Actively 2 30 2.9 2.9 Occasionally 3 84 8.2 8.2 I don’t participate in the activities 4 889 87.2 87.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_9] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A pensioners’ association

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A pensioners’ association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2 Very actively 1 11 1.1 1.1 Actively 2 57 5.6 5.6 Occasionally 3 90 8.8 8.8 I don’t participate in the activities 4 860 84.3 84.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_10] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An environmental organisation

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An environmental organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 4 0.4 0.4

(continued on next page)

37 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 5 0.5 0.5 Actively 2 23 2.3 2.3 Occasionally 3 112 11.0 11.0 I don’t participate in the activities 4 876 85.9 85.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_11] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A volunteer organisation (e.g. Red Cross, Mannerheim League for Child Welfare)

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A volunteer organisation (e.g. Red Cross, Mannerheim League for Child Welfare)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2 Very actively 1 27 2.6 2.6 Actively 2 79 7.7 7.7 Occasionally 3 253 24.8 24.8 I don’t participate in the activities 4 659 64.6 64.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_12] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A political organisation or party

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A political organisation or party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 5 0.5 0.5

(continued on next page) 38 TT20_14

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 21 2.1 2.1 Actively 2 33 3.2 3.2 Occasionally 3 102 10.0 10.0 I don’t participate in the activities 4 859 84.2 84.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_13] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.)

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 6 0.6 0.6 Very actively 1 10 1.0 1.0 Actively 2 25 2.5 2.5 Occasionally 3 101 9.9 9.9 I don’t participate in the activities 4 878 86.1 86.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT20_14] How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: Other organisation/association

Question

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: Other organisation/association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 5 0.5 0.5

(continued on next page)

39 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Very actively 1 34 3.3 3.3 Actively 2 112 11.0 11.0 Occasionally 3 168 16.5 16.5 I don’t participate in the activities 4 701 68.7 68.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_1] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A producer or business organisation

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A producer or business organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 A way to spend leisure time 1 10 1.0 1.0 Civic participation / own conviction 2 30 2.9 2.9 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 45 4.4 4.4 etc.) Other reason 4 16 1.6 1.6 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 907 88.9 88.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_2] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A trade union or professional organisation

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A trade union or professional organisation

Frequencies

40 TT21_4

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 9 0.9 0.9 A way to spend leisure time 1 29 2.8 2.8 Civic participation / own conviction 2 97 9.5 9.5 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 212 20.8 20.8 etc.) Other reason 4 36 3.5 3.5 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 637 62.5 62.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_3] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A village or neighbourhood association

Question

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 9 0.9 0.9 A way to spend leisure time 1 30 2.9 2.9 Civic participation / own conviction 2 71 7.0 7.0 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 46 4.5 4.5 etc.) Other reason 4 30 2.9 2.9 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 834 81.8 81.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_4] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A tenants’/residents’ association

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A tenants’/residents’ association

Frequencies

41 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 13 1.3 1.3 A way to spend leisure time 1 32 3.1 3.1 Civic participation / own conviction 2 76 7.5 7.5 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 85 8.3 8.3 etc.) Other reason 4 44 4.3 4.3 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 770 75.5 75.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_5] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A youth or student organisation

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A youth or student organisation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 A way to spend leisure time 1 41 4.0 4.0 Civic participation / own conviction 2 29 2.8 2.8 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 44 4.3 4.3 etc.) Other reason 4 19 1.9 1.9 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 879 86.2 86.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_6] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An association/organisation related to national defence

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An association/organisation related to national defence

Frequencies

42 TT21_8

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 A way to spend leisure time 1 11 1.1 1.1 Civic participation / own conviction 2 55 5.4 5.4 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 13 1.3 1.3 etc.) Other reason 4 20 2.0 2.0 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 909 89.1 89.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_7] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A pensioners’ association

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A pensioners’ association

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 A way to spend leisure time 1 56 5.5 5.5 Civic participation / own conviction 2 25 2.5 2.5 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 33 3.2 3.2 etc.) Other reason 4 18 1.8 1.8 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 876 85.9 85.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_8] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An environmental organisation

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An environmental organisation

Frequencies

43 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2 A way to spend leisure time 1 8 0.8 0.8 Civic participation / own conviction 2 96 9.4 9.4 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 7 0.7 0.7 etc.) Other reason 4 22 2.2 2.2 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 875 85.8 85.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_9] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A political organisation or party

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A political organisation or party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 A way to spend leisure time 1 6 0.6 0.6 Civic participation / own conviction 2 122 12.0 12.0 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 19 1.9 1.9 etc.) Other reason 4 14 1.4 1.4 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 851 83.4 83.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT21_10] If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.)

Question

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.)

Frequencies

44 TT23_1

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 A way to spend leisure time 1 8 0.8 0.8 Civic participation / own conviction 2 34 3.3 3.3 Personal advantage (networks, career advancement 3 37 3.6 3.6 etc.) Other reason 4 39 3.8 3.8 Doesn’t participate in the activities 5 894 87.6 87.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT22] What is the number of associations you are a member of?

Question

What is the number of associations you are a member of?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 291 28.5 28.5 1 287 28.1 28.1 2 178 17.5 17.5 3 116 11.4 11.4 4 69 6.8 6.8 5 37 3.6 3.6 6 15 1.5 1.5 7 7 0.7 0.7 8 4 0.4 0.4 10 3 0.3 0.3 12 3 0.3 0.3 20 1 0.1 0.1 25 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 8 0.8 0.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_1] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Television

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Television

Frequencies

45 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Very important 1 292 28.6 28.6 Important 2 438 42.9 42.9 Fairly important 3 210 20.6 20.6 Not at all important 4 80 7.8 7.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_2] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: National or local newspapers

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: National or local newspapers

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Very important 1 339 33.2 33.2 Important 2 434 42.5 42.5 Fairly important 3 202 19.8 19.8 Not at all important 4 44 4.3 4.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_3] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Tabloid newspapers

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Tabloid newspapers

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Very important 1 59 5.8 5.8

(continued on next page)

46 TT23_5

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Important 2 150 14.7 14.7 Fairly important 3 301 29.5 29.5 Not at all important 4 510 50.0 50.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_4] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Radio

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Radio

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Very important 1 152 14.9 14.9 Important 2 364 35.7 35.7 Fairly important 3 309 30.3 30.3 Not at all important 4 195 19.1 19.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_5] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Magazines

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Magazines

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Very important 1 62 6.1 6.1 Important 2 235 23.0 23.0 Fairly important 3 415 40.7 40.7 Not at all important 4 307 30.1 30.1

(continued on next page)

47 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_6] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Professional magazines and literature

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Professional magazines and literature

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Very important 1 115 11.3 11.3 Important 2 302 29.6 29.6 Fairly important 3 304 29.8 29.8 Not at all important 4 292 28.6 28.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_7] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Internet

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Internet

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 6 0.6 0.6 Very important 1 193 18.9 18.9 Important 2 277 27.2 27.2 Fairly important 3 202 19.8 19.8 Not at all important 4 342 33.5 33.5 1020 100.0 100.0

48 TT23_9

[TT23_8] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Participation in the activities of an organisation or a political party

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Participation in the activities of an organisation or a political party

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 6 0.6 0.6 Very important 1 37 3.6 3.6 Important 2 138 13.5 13.5 Fairly important 3 260 25.5 25.5 Not at all important 4 579 56.8 56.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_9] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Events organised by authorities, organisations, educational institutions etc.

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Events organised by authorities, organisations, educational institutions etc.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 Very important 1 42 4.1 4.1 Important 2 189 18.5 18.5 Fairly important 3 351 34.4 34.4 Not at all important 4 430 42.2 42.2 1020 100.0 100.0

49 2. Variables

[TT23_10] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Information portals/forums (e.g. Europe Information, municipal information services)

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Information portals/forums (e.g. Europe Information, municipal information services)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 16 1.6 1.6 Very important 1 13 1.3 1.3 Important 2 162 15.9 15.9 Fairly important 3 333 32.6 32.6 Not at all important 4 496 48.6 48.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT23_11] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Contacting a decision-maker (a politician, public servant etc.)

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Contacting a decision-maker (a politician, public servant etc.)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 8 0.8 0.8 Very important 1 48 4.7 4.7 Important 2 178 17.5 17.5 Fairly important 3 320 31.4 31.4 Not at all important 4 466 45.7 45.7 1020 100.0 100.0

50 TT24_2

[TT23_12] How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Conversations with friends, family, acquaintances and/or colleagues etc.

Question

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Conversations with friends, family, acquaintances and/or colleagues etc.

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Very important 1 219 21.5 21.5 Important 2 368 36.1 36.1 Fairly important 3 341 33.4 33.4 Not at all important 4 89 8.7 8.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT24_1] How often do you usually follow politics on television?

Question

How often do you usually follow politics on television?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 2 0.2 0.2 Daily 1 531 52.1 52.1 2-6 times a week 2 229 22.5 22.5 Once a week or a few times a month 3 134 13.1 13.1 Once a month 4 72 7.1 7.1 Never 5 52 5.1 5.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT24_2] How often do you usually follow politics on the radio?

Question

How often do you usually follow politics on the radio?

51 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Daily 1 347 34.0 34.0 2-6 times a week 2 198 19.4 19.4 Once a week or a few times a month 3 174 17.1 17.1 Once a month 4 123 12.1 12.1 Never 5 171 16.8 16.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_1] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Local news

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Local news

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Daily 1 638 62.5 62.5 2-6 times a week 2 226 22.2 22.2 Once a week or a few times a month 3 91 8.9 8.9 Once a month 4 40 3.9 3.9 Never 5 24 2.4 2.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_2] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: National news

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: National news

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Daily 1 704 69.0 69.0

(continued on next page)

52 TT25_4

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 2-6 times a week 2 186 18.2 18.2 Once a week or a few times a month 3 72 7.1 7.1 Once a month 4 39 3.8 3.8 Never 5 18 1.8 1.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_3] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: World news

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: World news

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 1 0.1 0.1 Daily 1 598 58.6 58.6 2-6 times a week 2 227 22.3 22.3 Once a week or a few times a month 3 107 10.5 10.5 Once a month 4 47 4.6 4.6 Never 5 40 3.9 3.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_4] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Business news

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Business news

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Daily 1 310 30.4 30.4 2-6 times a week 2 231 22.6 22.6 Once a week or a few times a month 3 176 17.3 17.3 Once a month 4 145 14.2 14.2

(continued on next page)

53 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Never 5 155 15.2 15.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_5] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Editorials and columns

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Editorials and columns

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Daily 1 327 32.1 32.1 2-6 times a week 2 275 27.0 27.0 Once a week or a few times a month 3 197 19.3 19.3 Once a month 4 127 12.5 12.5 Never 5 91 8.9 8.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT25_6] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Expert columns (guest columns etc.)

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Expert columns (guest columns etc.)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 7 0.7 0.7 Daily 1 181 17.7 17.7 2-6 times a week 2 270 26.5 26.5 Once a week or a few times a month 3 274 26.9 26.9 Once a month 4 155 15.2 15.2 Never 5 133 13.0 13.0 1020 100.0 100.0

54 TT26_1_1

[TT25_7] How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Letters to the editor

Question

How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Letters to the editor

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 3 0.3 0.3 Daily 1 337 33.0 33.0 2-6 times a week 2 290 28.4 28.4 Once a week or a few times a month 3 205 20.1 20.1 Once a month 4 115 11.3 11.3 Never 5 70 6.9 6.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_1_1] On average, how much time per day do you spend: Watching television (hours)

Question

On average, how much time per day do you spend: Watching television (hours)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 118 11.6 11.6 1 256 25.1 25.1 2 261 25.6 25.6 3 192 18.8 18.8 4 96 9.4 9.4 5 49 4.8 4.8 6 23 2.3 2.3 7 9 0.9 0.9 8 5 0.5 0.5 9 2 0.2 0.2 10 6 0.6 0.6 12 2 0.2 0.2 13 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 0 0.0 0.0 1020 100.0 100.0

55 2. Variables

[TT26_1_2] How much time per day do you usually spend: Watching television (minutes)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Watching television (minutes)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 627 61.5 61.5 3 1 0.1 0.1 5 21 2.1 2.1 10 8 0.8 0.8 15 7 0.7 0.7 20 5 0.5 0.5 30 314 30.8 30.8 40 3 0.3 0.3 45 9 0.9 0.9 50 3 0.3 0.3 55 1 0.1 0.1 60 1 0.1 0.1 65 1 0.1 0.1 120 3 0.3 0.3 180 5 0.5 0.5 200 1 0.1 0.1 240 5 0.5 0.5 300 2 0.2 0.2 360 2 0.2 0.2 Can’t say 1004 1 0.1 0.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_2_1] How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (hours)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (hours)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 451 44.2 44.2

(continued on next page)

56 TT26_2_2

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 1 206 20.2 20.2 2 129 12.6 12.6 3 64 6.3 6.3 4 43 4.2 4.2 5 37 3.6 3.6 6 30 2.9 2.9 7 5 0.5 0.5 8 19 1.9 1.9 9 1 0.1 0.1 10 15 1.5 1.5 11 2 0.2 0.2 12 3 0.3 0.3 15 1 0.1 0.1 24 1 0.1 0.1 30 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 12 1.2 1.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_2_2] How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (minutes)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (minutes)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 638 62.5 62.5 3 2 0.2 0.2 5 19 1.9 1.9 10 14 1.4 1.4 15 22 2.2 2.2 20 11 1.1 1.1 22 1 0.1 0.1 25 2 0.2 0.2 30 275 27.0 27.0 35 2 0.2 0.2 40 3 0.3 0.3 45 2 0.2 0.2 50 1 0.1 0.1

(continued on next page)

57 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 55 1 0.1 0.1 60 2 0.2 0.2 99 1 0.1 0.1 120 1 0.1 0.1 180 7 0.7 0.7 300 2 0.2 0.2 360 1 0.1 0.1 600 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 12 1.2 1.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_3_1] How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (hours)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (hours)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 476 46.7 46.7 1 420 41.2 41.2 2 92 9.0 9.0 3 17 1.7 1.7 4 5 0.5 0.5 6 1 0.1 0.1 10 1 0.1 0.1 30 4 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 1004 4 0.4 0.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_3_2] How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (minutes)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (minutes)

Frequencies

58 TT26_4_1

label value n % v. % 0 430 42.2 42.2 3 2 0.2 0.2 5 34 3.3 3.3 10 28 2.7 2.7 12 1 0.1 0.1 15 29 2.8 2.8 20 15 1.5 1.5 30 443 43.4 43.4 35 2 0.2 0.2 40 5 0.5 0.5 45 15 1.5 1.5 60 10 1.0 1.0 90 1 0.1 0.1 120 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 4 0.4 0.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT26_4_1] How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the In- ternet (hours)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (hours)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 574 56.3 56.3 1 223 21.9 21.9 2 103 10.1 10.1 3 47 4.6 4.6 4 26 2.5 2.5 5 15 1.5 1.5 6 9 0.9 0.9 7 3 0.3 0.3 8 5 0.5 0.5 10 3 0.3 0.3 16 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 11 1.1 1.1 1020 100.0 100.0

59 2. Variables

[TT26_4_2] How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the In- ternet (minutes)

Question

How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (minutes)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 0 651 63.8 63.8 1 1 0.1 0.1 2 1 0.1 0.1 5 15 1.5 1.5 9 3 0.3 0.3 10 15 1.5 1.5 15 26 2.5 2.5 20 4 0.4 0.4 25 1 0.1 0.1 30 276 27.1 27.1 35 2 0.2 0.2 39 1 0.1 0.1 40 1 0.1 0.1 45 4 0.4 0.4 50 1 0.1 0.1 60 1 0.1 0.1 120 1 0.1 0.1 180 2 0.2 0.2 309 1 0.1 0.1 480 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 1004 12 1.2 1.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27A] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Information seeking related to work, studies etc.

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation seeking related to work, studies etc.

Frequencies

60 TT27D

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 619 60.7 60.7 Mentioned 1 401 39.3 39.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27B] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Information retrieval related to hobbies or leisure time

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation retrieval related to hobbies or leisure time

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 663 65.0 65.0 Mentioned 1 357 35.0 35.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27C] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Work-related contacts (e.g. clients, colleagues)

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Work- related contacts (e.g. clients, colleagues)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 838 82.2 82.2 Mentioned 1 182 17.8 17.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27D] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Contact with friends or acquaintances through email

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Contact with friends or acquaintances through email

61 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 656 64.3 64.3 Mentioned 1 364 35.7 35.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27E] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Taking care of everyday tasks (paying bills, reserving trips, making purchases etc.)

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Taking care of everyday tasks (paying bills, reserving trips, making purchases etc.)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 537 52.6 52.6 Mentioned 1 483 47.4 47.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27F] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Discussions on discussion boards, forums etc. (chat, IRC etc.)

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Dis- cussions on discussion boards, forums etc. (chat, IRC etc.)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 956 93.7 93.7 Mentioned 1 64 6.3 6.3 1020 100.0 100.0

62 TT27I

[TT27G] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Following current affairs

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Fol- lowing current affairs

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 812 79.6 79.6 Mentioned 1 208 20.4 20.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27H] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Downloading music, videos etc. on your computer

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Down- loading music, videos etc. on your computer

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 972 95.3 95.3 Mentioned 1 48 4.7 4.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27I] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Playing online games

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Playing online games

Frequencies

63 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 986 96.7 96.7 Mentioned 1 34 3.3 3.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27J] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: I don’t use the Internet

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: I don’t use the Internet

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 745 73.0 73.0 Mentioned 1 275 27.0 27.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TT27K] Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Can’t say

Question

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1016 99.6 99.6 Mentioned 1 4 0.4 0.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y1] How much would you say you know about politics and public affairs?

Question

How much would you say you know about politics and public affairs?

Frequencies

64 Y2_2

label value n % v. % A very great deal 1 59 5.8 5.8 A great deal 2 172 16.9 16.9 A fair amount 3 405 39.7 39.7 Not very much 4 308 30.2 30.2 Very little 5 72 7.1 7.1 Can’t say 6 4 0.4 0.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_1] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is only about seeking personal gain

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is only about seeking personal gain

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 16 1.6 1.6 Corresponds very well 1 105 10.3 10.3 Corresponds fairly well 2 274 26.9 26.9 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 430 42.2 42.2 Corresponds very poorly 4 195 19.1 19.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_2] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is a public activity

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is a public activity

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 10 1.0 1.0

(continued on next page)

65 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Corresponds very well 1 454 44.5 44.5 Corresponds fairly well 2 432 42.4 42.4 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 103 10.1 10.1 Corresponds very poorly 4 21 2.1 2.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_3] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is about working for the common good and making collective decisions

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is about working for the common good and making collective decisions

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 9 0.9 0.9 Corresponds very well 1 436 42.7 42.7 Corresponds fairly well 2 438 42.9 42.9 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 116 11.4 11.4 Corresponds very poorly 4 21 2.1 2.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_4] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is competition for power

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is competition for power

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 12 1.2 1.2

(continued on next page) 66 Y2_6

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Corresponds very well 1 361 35.4 35.4 Corresponds fairly well 2 466 45.7 45.7 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 142 13.9 13.9 Corresponds very poorly 4 39 3.8 3.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_5] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Inﬂuencing the content of politics requires participation

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Inﬂuencing the content of politics requires participation

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 17 1.7 1.7 Corresponds very well 1 386 37.8 37.8 Corresponds fairly well 2 448 43.9 43.9 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 140 13.7 13.7 Corresponds very poorly 4 29 2.8 2.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_6] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is conﬂict resolution

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is conﬂict resolution

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 25 2.5 2.5

(continued on next page)

67 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Corresponds very well 1 163 16.0 16.0 Corresponds fairly well 2 549 53.8 53.8 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 237 23.2 23.2 Corresponds very poorly 4 46 4.5 4.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_7] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics does not affect the lives of ordinary people

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics does not affect the lives of ordinary people

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 10 1.0 1.0 Corresponds very well 1 54 5.3 5.3 Corresponds fairly well 2 174 17.1 17.1 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 416 40.8 40.8 Corresponds very poorly 4 366 35.9 35.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y2_8] Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics sets the rules of the community/society

Question

Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics sets the rules of the community/society

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 33 3.2 3.2

(continued on next page)

68 Y4A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Corresponds very well 1 243 23.8 23.8 Corresponds fairly well 2 579 56.8 56.8 Corresponds fairly poorly 3 147 14.4 14.4 Corresponds very poorly 4 18 1.8 1.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y3] What is your attitude towards the concept of democracy?

Question

What is your attitude towards the concept of democracy?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very positive 1 358 35.1 35.1 Positive 2 469 46.0 46.0 Neither positive nor negative 3 160 15.7 15.7 Negative 4 14 1.4 1.4 Very negative 5 5 0.5 0.5 Can’t say 104 14 1.4 1.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4A] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Citizens’ right to participate and inﬂuence the development of the society and their environment

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Citi- zens’ right to participate and inﬂuence the development of the society and their environment

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 225 22.1 22.1 Mentioned 1 795 77.9 77.9 1020 100.0 100.0

69 2. Variables

[Y4B] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The duty of those in power to assess different views equally

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The duty of those in power to assess different views equally

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 629 61.7 61.7 Mentioned 1 391 38.3 38.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4C] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: High tax rate

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: High tax rate

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 956 93.7 93.7 Mentioned 1 64 6.3 6.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4D] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Respecting the rule of law

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Re- specting the rule of law

Frequencies

70 Y4G

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 505 49.5 49.5 Mentioned 1 515 50.5 50.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4E] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free education and health care

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free education and health care

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 568 55.7 55.7 Mentioned 1 452 44.3 44.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4F] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Equality between men and women

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Equality between men and women

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 403 39.5 39.5 Mentioned 1 617 60.5 60.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4G] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free competition for power between political parties

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free competition for power between political parties

71 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 692 67.8 67.8 Mentioned 1 328 32.2 32.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4H] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The ability of citizens to replace their political leaders

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The ability of citizens to replace their political leaders

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 487 47.7 47.7 Mentioned 1 533 52.3 52.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4I] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Majority rule

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Majority rule

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 560 54.9 54.9 Mentioned 1 460 45.1 45.1 1020 100.0 100.0

72 Y4L

[Y4J] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Political opposition’s freedom to act

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Political opposition’s freedom to act

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 640 62.7 62.7 Mentioned 1 380 37.3 37.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4K] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The goal of full employment

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The goal of full employment

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 791 77.5 77.5 Mentioned 1 229 22.5 22.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4L] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free, equal and secret elections

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free, equal and secret elections

Frequencies

73 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 648 63.5 63.5 Mentioned 1 372 36.5 36.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4M] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Even income distribution

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Even income distribution

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 809 79.3 79.3 Mentioned 1 211 20.7 20.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4N] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Freedom of opinion

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Freedom of opinion

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 308 30.2 30.2 Mentioned 1 712 69.8 69.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y4O] Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: None of the above

Question

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: None of the above

74 Y6_1_1

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 993 97.4 97.4 Mentioned 1 27 2.6 2.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y5] If you assess democracy in Finland based on the criteria you associate with democracy, what grade would you give the state of democracy in Finland at the moment? (4 being the lowest, 10 the highest)

Question

If you assess democracy in Finland based on the criteria you associate with democracy, what grade would you give the state of democracy in Finland at the moment? (4 being the lowest, 10 the highest)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 4 21 2.1 2.1 5 49 4.8 4.8 6 109 10.7 10.7 7 332 32.5 32.5 8 360 35.3 35.3 9 119 11.7 11.7 10 13 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 104 17 1.7 1.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_1_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the left

Frequencies

(continued on next page)

75 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. %

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 904 88.6 88.6 Mentioned 1 116 11.4 11.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_1_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 158 15.5 15.5 Mentioned 1 862 84.5 84.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_1_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 926 90.8 90.8 Mentioned 1 94 9.2 9.2 1020 100.0 100.0

76 Y6_2_3

[Y6_2_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 270 26.5 26.5 Mentioned 1 750 73.5 73.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_2_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 625 61.3 61.3 Mentioned 1 395 38.7 38.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_2_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: Can’t say

Frequencies

77 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 895 87.7 87.7 Mentioned 1 125 12.3 12.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_3_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 148 14.5 14.5 Mentioned 1 872 85.5 85.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_3_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 898 88.0 88.0 Mentioned 1 122 12.0 12.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_3_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: Can’t say

78 Y6_4_2

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 940 92.2 92.2 Mentioned 1 80 7.8 7.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_4_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 851 83.4 83.4 Mentioned 1 169 16.6 16.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_4_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 181 17.7 17.7 Mentioned 1 839 82.3 82.3 1020 100.0 100.0

79 2. Variables

[Y6_4_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 883 86.6 86.6 Mentioned 1 137 13.4 13.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_5_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 453 44.4 44.4 Mentioned 1 567 55.6 55.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_5_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the right

Frequencies

80 Y6_6_1

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 519 50.9 50.9 Mentioned 1 501 49.1 49.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_5_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 852 83.5 83.5 Mentioned 1 168 16.5 16.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_6_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 751 73.6 73.6 Mentioned 1 269 26.4 26.4 1020 100.0 100.0

81 2. Variables

[Y6_6_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 297 29.1 29.1 Mentioned 1 723 70.9 70.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_6_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 824 80.8 80.8 Mentioned 1 196 19.2 19.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_7_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the left

Frequencies

82 Y6_7_3

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 878 86.1 86.1 Mentioned 1 142 13.9 13.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_7_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 173 17.0 17.0 Mentioned 1 847 83.0 83.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_7_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 918 90.0 90.0 Mentioned 1 102 10.0 10.0 1020 100.0 100.0

83 2. Variables

[Y6_8_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 746 73.1 73.1 Mentioned 1 274 26.9 26.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_8_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 320 31.4 31.4 Mentioned 1 700 68.6 68.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_8_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: Can’t say

Frequencies

84 Y6_9_2

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 826 81.0 81.0 Mentioned 1 194 19.0 19.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_9_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 792 77.6 77.6 Mentioned 1 228 22.4 22.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_9_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 168 16.5 16.5 Mentioned 1 852 83.5 83.5 1020 100.0 100.0

85 2. Variables

[Y6_9_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 922 90.4 90.4 Mentioned 1 98 9.6 9.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_10_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 898 88.0 88.0 Mentioned 1 122 12.0 12.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_10_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the right

Frequencies

86 Y6_11_1

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 144 14.1 14.1 Mentioned 1 876 85.9 85.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_10_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 923 90.5 90.5 Mentioned 1 97 9.5 9.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_11_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the left

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 223 21.9 21.9 Mentioned 1 797 78.1 78.1 1020 100.0 100.0

87 2. Variables

[Y6_11_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 788 77.3 77.3 Mentioned 1 232 22.7 22.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_11_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 898 88.0 88.0 Mentioned 1 122 12.0 12.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_12_1] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the left

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the left

Frequencies

88 Y6_12_3

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 425 41.7 41.7 Mentioned 1 595 58.3 58.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_12_2] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the right

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the right

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 394 38.6 38.6 Mentioned 1 626 61.4 61.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[Y6_12_3] In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: Can’t say

Question

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 847 83.0 83.0 Mentioned 1 173 17.0 17.0 1020 100.0 100.0

89 2. Variables

[Y7] Where would you place yourself on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is far political left and 10 far political right?

Question

Where would you place yourself on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is far political left and 10 far political right?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Political left 0 9 0.9 0.9 1 12 1.2 1.2 2 33 3.2 3.2 3 82 8.0 8.0 4 113 11.1 11.1 5 283 27.7 27.7 6 122 12.0 12.0 7 155 15.2 15.2 8 122 12.0 12.0 9 37 3.6 3.6 Political right 10 11 1.1 1.1 Can’t say 104 41 4.0 4.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[S1] The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution?

Question

The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % In the judiciary 1 71 7.0 7.0 In the people 2 562 55.1 55.1 In the President 3 53 5.2 5.2 In the Government 4 302 29.6 29.6 Can’t say 104 32 3.1 3.1 1020 100.0 100.0

90 S2B

[S1L] The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? (categorised)

Question

The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 458 44.9 44.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 562 55.1 55.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S2A] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: One candidate is chosen from each constituency

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: One candidate is chosen from each constituency

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 946 92.7 92.7 Mentioned 1 74 7.3 7.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S2B] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system

91 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 564 55.3 55.3 Mentioned 1 456 44.7 44.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S2BL] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 564 55.3 55.3 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 456 44.7 44.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S2C] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Two-party system

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Two-party system

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1014 99.4 99.4 Mentioned 1 6 0.6 0.6 1020 100.0 100.0

92 S2DL

[S2D] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 375 36.8 36.8 Mentioned 1 645 63.2 63.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[S2DL] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency (cat. correct answer 2/2)

Question

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 375 36.8 36.8 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 645 63.2 63.2 1020 100.0 100.0

93 2. Variables

[S2E] In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Can’t say

Question

In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 924 90.6 90.6 Mentioned 1 96 9.4 9.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S3] What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)?

Question

What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The distribution of votes cast in the elections by re- 1 150 14.7 14.7 gion The distribution of election candidates by region 2 299 29.3 29.3 The distribution of people who voted for a certain can- 3 67 6.6 6.6 didate by region The distribution of seats by region 4 397 38.9 38.9 Can’t say 104 107 10.5 10.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S3L] What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? (categorised)

Question

What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? (categorised)

Frequencies

94 S4_2

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 623 61.1 61.1 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 397 38.9 38.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S4_1] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Maintenance of public discourse

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Maintenance of public discourse

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 17 1.7 1.7 Very important 1 249 24.4 24.4 Important 2 480 47.1 47.1 Fairly important 3 238 23.3 23.3 Not at all important 4 36 3.5 3.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S4_2] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Recruitment of political leaders

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Recruitment of political leaders

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 67 6.6 6.6 Very important 1 90 8.8 8.8 Important 2 314 30.8 30.8 Fairly important 3 355 34.8 34.8 Not at all important 4 194 19.0 19.0 1020 100.0 100.0

95 2. Variables

[S4_3] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Supporting multiculturalism

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Supporting multiculturalism

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 38 3.7 3.7 Very important 1 130 12.7 12.7 Important 2 336 32.9 32.9 Fairly important 3 378 37.1 37.1 Not at all important 4 138 13.5 13.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S4_4] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Reviewing and reconciling differing interests in society

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Reviewing and reconciling differing interests in society

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 39 3.8 3.8 Very important 1 235 23.0 23.0 Important 2 476 46.7 46.7 Fairly important 3 238 23.3 23.3 Not at all important 4 32 3.1 3.1 1020 100.0 100.0

96 S4_6

[S4_5] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Nomination of candidates for elections

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Nomination of candidates for elections

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 29 2.8 2.8 Very important 1 215 21.1 21.1 Important 2 469 46.0 46.0 Fairly important 3 264 25.9 25.9 Not at all important 4 43 4.2 4.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[S4_6] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the well-being of citizens

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the well-being of citizens

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 16 1.6 1.6 Very important 1 491 48.1 48.1 Important 2 387 37.9 37.9 Fairly important 3 101 9.9 9.9 Not at all important 4 25 2.5 2.5 1020 100.0 100.0

97 2. Variables

[S4_7] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Improving the citizens’ level of education and culture

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Improving the citizens’ level of education and culture

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 22 2.2 2.2 Very important 1 273 26.8 26.8 Important 2 420 41.2 41.2 Fairly important 3 229 22.5 22.5 Not at all important 4 76 7.5 7.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S4_8] Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the balanced development of the whole society

Question

Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the balanced development of the whole society

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 20 2.0 2.0 Very important 1 456 44.7 44.7 Important 2 412 40.4 40.4 Fairly important 3 111 10.9 10.9 Not at all important 4 21 2.1 2.1 1020 100.0 100.0

98 S6

[S5] Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections?

Question

Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Municipal executive board 1 118 11.6 11.6 Municipal manager 2 38 3.7 3.7 Municipal council 3 811 79.5 79.5 State Provincial Ofﬁce 4 7 0.7 0.7 Can’t say 104 46 4.5 4.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S5L] Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? (categorised)

Question

Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 209 20.5 20.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 811 79.5 79.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S6] Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended)

Question

Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended)

99 2. Variables

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 1004.00 maximum 3000.00 mean 2377.72 standard deviation 925.03

[S6L] Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended)

Question

Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 463 45.4 45.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 557 54.6 54.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S7] At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended)

Question

At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 211 20.7 20.7 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 274 26.9 26.9 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 288 28.2 28.2 True Finns (PS) 4 0 0.0 0.0 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 19 1.9 1.9 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 1 0.1 0.1

(continued on next page)

100 S8

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Green League (VIHR) 7 3 0.3 0.3 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 3 0.3 0.3 Other 9 4 0.4 0.4 Can’t say 104 217 21.3 21.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S7L] At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended)

Question

At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 438 42.9 42.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 582 57.1 57.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S8] How often are municipal elections held in Finland?

Question

How often are municipal elections held in Finland?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Every other year 1 60 5.9 5.9 Every third year 2 56 5.5 5.5 Every fourth year 3 814 79.8 79.8 Every ﬁfth year 4 13 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 104 77 7.5 7.5 1020 100.0 100.0

101 2. Variables

[S8L] How often are municipal elections held in Finland? (categorised)

Question

How often are municipal elections held in Finland? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 206 20.2 20.2 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 814 79.8 79.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[S9] Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland?

Question

Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The Government 1 42 4.1 4.1 The Prime Minister 2 35 3.4 3.4 The President 3 250 24.5 24.5 The Parliament 4 636 62.4 62.4 Can’t say 104 57 5.6 5.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S9L] Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? (categorised)

Question

Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? (categorised)

Frequencies

102 S10_2

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 384 37.6 37.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 636 62.4 62.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S10_1] Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (open-ended)

Question

Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Matti Vanhanen 1 958 93.9 93.9 Other 2 10 1.0 1.0 Can’t say 104 52 5.1 5.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S10_1L] Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (categorised open-ended)

Question

Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 62 6.1 6.1 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 958 93.9 93.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S10_2] Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (open-ended)

Question

Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (open-ended)

Frequencies

103 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 1 862 84.5 84.5 Independent 2 0 0.0 0.0 Other 3 70 6.9 6.9 Can’t say 104 88 8.6 8.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S10_2L] Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (categorised open-ended)

Question

Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 158 15.5 15.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 862 84.5 84.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11A] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Directing foreign policy

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Di- recting foreign policy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 766 75.1 75.1 Mentioned 1 254 24.9 24.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11B] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Enactment of laws

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En- actment of laws

104 S11C

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 106 10.4 10.4 Mentioned 1 914 89.6 89.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11BL] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Enactment of laws (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En- actment of laws (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 106 10.4 10.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 914 89.6 89.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11C] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: National preparation of the decisions to be made in the European Union (EU)

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Na- tional preparation of the decisions to be made in the European Union (EU)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 633 62.1 62.1 Mentioned 1 387 37.9 37.9 1020 100.0 100.0

105 2. Variables

[S11D] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision-making on state ﬁnances

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 334 32.7 32.7 Mentioned 1 686 67.3 67.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11DL] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision-making on state ﬁnances (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 334 32.7 32.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 686 67.3 67.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S11E] Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Can’t say

Question

Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Can’t say

Frequencies

106 S12B

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 991 97.2 97.2 Mentioned 1 29 2.8 2.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12A] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 86 8.4 8.4 Mentioned 1 934 91.6 91.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12AL] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) (categorised, correct answer 1/4)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) (categorised, correct answer 1/4)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 86 8.4 8.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 934 91.6 91.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12B] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Social Demo- cratic Party of Finland (SDP)

107 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 745 73.0 73.0 Mentioned 1 275 27.0 27.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12C] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 68 6.7 6.7 Mentioned 1 952 93.3 93.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12CL] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) (categorised, correct answer 2/4)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) (categorised, correct answer 2/4)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 68 6.7 6.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 952 93.3 93.3 1020 100.0 100.0

108 S12EL

[S12D] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: True Finns (PS)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: True Finns (PS)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 923 90.5 90.5 Mentioned 1 97 9.5 9.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12E] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 407 39.9 39.9 Mentioned 1 613 60.1 60.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12EL] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) (categorised, correct answer 3/4)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) (categorised, correct answer 3/4)

Frequencies

109 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 407 39.9 39.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 613 60.1 60.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12F] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Christian Democrats (KD)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Christian Democrats (KD)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 817 80.1 80.1 Mentioned 1 203 19.9 19.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12G] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 309 30.3 30.3 Mentioned 1 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12GL] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) (categorised, correct answer 4/4)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) (categorised, correct answer 4/4)

110 S13

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 309 30.3 30.3 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12H] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Left Alliance (VAS)

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Left Alliance (VAS)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 881 86.4 86.4 Mentioned 1 139 13.6 13.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S12I] Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Can’t say

Question

Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 984 96.5 96.5 Mentioned 1 36 3.5 3.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S13] How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Fin- land?

Question

How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland?

111 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Every three years 1 43 4.2 4.2 Every four years 2 878 86.1 86.1 Every ﬁve years 3 17 1.7 1.7 Every six years 4 46 4.5 4.5 Can’t say 104 36 3.5 3.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S13L] How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? (categorised)

Question

How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 142 13.9 13.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 878 86.1 86.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S14_1] When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year)

Question

When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 2008.00 maximum 10004.00 mean 3491.63 standard deviation 3107.30

112 S14_2L

[S14_1L] When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) (categorised)

Question

When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 611 59.9 59.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 409 40.1 40.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S14_2] When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month)

Question

When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % January 1 21 2.1 2.1 February 2 95 9.3 9.3 March 3 485 47.5 47.5 April 4 50 4.9 4.9 May 5 10 1.0 1.0 June 6 2 0.2 0.2 July 7 1 0.1 0.1 August 8 5 0.5 0.5 September 9 23 2.3 2.3 October 10 30 2.9 2.9 November 11 17 1.7 1.7 December 12 2 0.2 0.2 Can’t say 104 279 27.4 27.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S14_2L] When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) (categorised)

Question

When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) (categorised)

113 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 970 95.1 95.1 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 50 4.9 4.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S15] The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of inﬂuence does this vote given to a candidate have?

Question

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The number of votes received by each candidate is 1 188 18.4 18.4 counted and candidate with the most personal votes is elected The number of votes received by each candidate is 2 142 13.9 13.9 counted and seats are allocated in order based on the personal votes Comparative index is calculated for each candidate 3 491 48.1 48.1 based on votes received by party. Seats allocated based on the index Each party receives seats based on the proportion of 4 98 9.6 9.6 votes. Seats are ﬁlled in order of candidates on a list Can’t say 104 101 9.9 9.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S15L] The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of inﬂuence does this vote given to a candidate have? (categorised)

Question

114 S17_1

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 529 51.9 51.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 491 48.1 48.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S16] How many members are there in the Parliament?

Question

How many members are there in the Parliament?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 2.00 maximum 1004.00 mean 292.56 standard deviation 263.53

[S16L] How many members are there in the Parliament? (categorised)

Question

How many members are there in the Parliament? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 308 30.2 30.2 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 712 69.8 69.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[S17_1] Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (open-ended)

Question

Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (open-ended)

Frequencies

115 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Sauli Niinistö 1 669 65.6 65.6 Other 2 96 9.4 9.4 Can’t say 104 255 25.0 25.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[S17_1L] Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (categorised open-ended)

Question

Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 351 34.4 34.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 669 65.6 65.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S17_2] Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (open- ended)

Question

Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 708 69.4 69.4 Independent 2 2 0.2 0.2 Other 3 91 8.9 8.9 Can’t say 104 219 21.5 21.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S17_2L] Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (categorised open-ended)

Question

Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (categorised open-ended)

116 S18_1L

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 312 30.6 30.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 708 69.4 69.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_1] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 394 38.6 38.6 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 82 8.0 8.0 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 511 50.1 50.1 True Finns (PS) 4 0 0.0 0.0 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 0 0.0 0.0 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 0 0.0 0.0 Green League (VIHR) 7 3 0.3 0.3 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 2 0.2 0.2 Can’t say 104 28 2.7 2.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_1L] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parlia- ment. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest (categorised)

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest (categorised)

Frequencies

117 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 509 49.9 49.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 511 50.1 50.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_2] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 432 42.4 42.4 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 229 22.5 22.5 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 315 30.9 30.9 True Finns (PS) 4 2 0.2 0.2 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 0 0.0 0.0 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 3 0.3 0.3 Green League (VIHR) 7 3 0.3 0.3 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 10 1.0 1.0 Can’t say 104 26 2.5 2.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_2L] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parlia- ment. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest (categorised)

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 588 57.6 57.6

(continued on next page)

118 S18_3L

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Correct answer given by the respondent 1 432 42.4 42.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_3] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 145 14.2 14.2 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 619 60.7 60.7 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 147 14.4 14.4 True Finns (PS) 4 3 0.3 0.3 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 14 1.4 1.4 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 3 0.3 0.3 Green League (VIHR) 7 24 2.4 2.4 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 33 3.2 3.2 Can’t say 104 32 3.1 3.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_3L] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parlia- ment. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest (categorised)

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 401 39.3 39.3

(continued on next page) 119 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Correct answer given by the respondent 1 619 60.7 60.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_4] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 7 0.7 0.7 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 22 2.2 2.2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 9 0.9 0.9 True Finns (PS) 4 23 2.3 2.3 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 99 9.7 9.7 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 63 6.2 6.2 Green League (VIHR) 7 394 38.6 38.6 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 341 33.4 33.4 Can’t say 104 62 6.1 6.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[S18_4L] The following list contains all the parties in the current Parlia- ment. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest (categorised)

Question

The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 679 66.6 66.6

(continued on next page) 120 S20A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Correct answer given by the respondent 1 341 33.4 33.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S19] The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’?

Question

The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The Social Democratic Party and the National Coali- 1 134 13.1 13.1 tion Party The Social Democratic Party and the Centre Party 2 702 68.8 68.8 The Left Alliance and the Centre Party 3 72 7.1 7.1 The Left Alliance and the National Coalition Party 4 33 3.2 3.2 Can’t say 104 79 7.7 7.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S19L] The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? (categorised)

Question

The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 318 31.2 31.2 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 702 68.8 68.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20A] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government

121 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 270 26.5 26.5 Mentioned 1 750 73.5 73.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20AL] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 270 26.5 26.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 750 73.5 73.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20B] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment of the highest ofﬁcials

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment of the highest ofﬁcials

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 915 89.7 89.7 Mentioned 1 105 10.3 10.3 1020 100.0 100.0

122 S20D

[S20C] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 309 30.3 30.3 Mentioned 1 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20CL] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 309 30.3 30.3 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20D] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment and dismissal of the Ministers

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment and dismissal of the Ministers

123 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 731 71.7 71.7 Mentioned 1 289 28.3 28.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[S20E] According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Can’t say

Question

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 982 96.3 96.3 Mentioned 1 38 3.7 3.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S21] Which political party did you vote for in the last parliamentary elections?

Question

Which political party did you vote for in the last parliamentary elections?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 175 17.2 17.2 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 210 20.6 20.6 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 3 200 19.6 19.6 True Finns (PS) 4 38 3.7 3.7 Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 9 0.9 0.9 Christian Democrats (KD) 6 40 3.9 3.9 Green League (VIHR) 7 90 8.8 8.8 Left Alliance (VAS) 8 50 4.9 4.9 Other 9 19 1.9 1.9

(continued on next page)

124 S22L

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Wasn’t of voting age 10 14 1.4 1.4 Didn’t vote 11 121 11.9 11.9 Don’t want to say 12 37 3.6 3.6 Can’t say 104 17 1.7 1.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S22] What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities?

Question

What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Municipalities decide on all their matters on their own 1 138 13.5 13.5 Minister for Regional and Municipal Affairs directs 2 51 5.0 5.0 the activities of municipalities The State decides the basic tasks of municipalities, 3 665 65.2 65.2 which municipalities carry out The State Provincial Ofﬁce decides the tasks of the 4 99 9.7 9.7 municipalities in its region Can’t say 104 67 6.6 6.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[S22L] What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? (categorised)

Question

What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 355 34.8 34.8 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 665 65.2 65.2

(continued on next page)

125 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 1020 100.0 100.0

[S23] Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (open- ended)

Question

Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (open-ended)

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 1004.00 maximum 3000.00 mean 2682.99 standard deviation 729.92

[S23L] Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (categorised open-ended)

Question

Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (categorised open-ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 309 30.3 30.3 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 711 69.7 69.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S24] Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle?

Question

Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle?

126 S25

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The people elects the Parliament 1 459 45.0 45.0 A member of parliament must follow the will of the 2 81 7.9 7.9 voters in the decisions he/she makes The Government must have the conﬁdence of Parlia- 3 393 38.5 38.5 ment The Government must have the conﬁdence of Presi- 4 39 3.8 3.8 dent Can’t say 104 48 4.7 4.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[S24L] Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? (categorised)

Question

Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 627 61.5 61.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 393 38.5 38.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S25] Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations?

Question

Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The President, the Prime Minister and the Minister of 1 208 20.4 20.4 Finance

(continued on next page)

127 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % The State, employers’ organisations and trade unions 2 672 65.9 65.9 / professional organisations Municipal managers, town managers and executive 3 25 2.5 2.5 directors of regional councils Finland, Sweden and Norway 4 13 1.3 1.3 Can’t say 104 102 10.0 10.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[S25L] Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? (categorised)

Question

Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 348 34.1 34.1 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 672 65.9 65.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[S26] What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO?

Question

What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Plans that aim for the abolition of income tax 1 20 2.0 2.0 An energy policy programme with an emphasis on 2 2 0.2 0.2 wind power Comprehensive incomes policy settlement / national 3 954 93.5 93.5 income policy agreement Income tax rate redress procedure 4 11 1.1 1.1 Can’t say 104 33 3.2 3.2

(continued on next page)

128 S27

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 1020 100.0 100.0

[S26L] What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? (categorised)

Question

What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 66 6.5 6.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 954 93.5 93.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[S27] The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the deﬁnition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’

Question

The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the deﬁnition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The President of the Republic, in co-operation with 1 422 41.4 41.4 the Minister for Foreign Affairs The President of the Republic, in co-operation with 2 361 35.4 35.4 the Government The Parliament, in co-operation with the Minister for 3 73 7.2 7.2 Foreign Affairs The Minister for Foreign Affairs 4 136 13.3 13.3 Can’t say 104 28 2.7 2.7 1020 100.0 100.0

129 2. Variables

[S27L] The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the deﬁnition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’ (categorised)

Question

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 659 64.6 64.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 361 35.4 35.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[S28] How long is the term of the President of the Republic?

Question

How long is the term of the President of the Republic?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Four years 1 125 12.3 12.3 Five years 2 14 1.4 1.4 Six years 3 858 84.1 84.1 Eight years 4 15 1.5 1.5 Can’t say 104 8 0.8 0.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[S28L] How long is the term of the President of the Republic? (categorised)

Question

How long is the term of the President of the Republic? (categorised)

Frequencies

130 EU2_1_1

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 162 15.9 15.9 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 858 84.1 84.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU1] Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union?

Question

Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 2000 1 156 15.3 15.3 1995 2 751 73.6 73.6 1986 3 50 4.9 4.9 Finland is not a member of the EU 4 1 0.1 0.1 Can’t say 104 62 6.1 6.1 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU1L] Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? (categorised)

Question

Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 269 26.4 26.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 751 73.6 73.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_1] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland

131 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 333 32.6 32.6 Mentioned 1 687 67.4 67.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_1L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland (categorised, correct answer 1/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland (categorised, correct answer 1/8)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 333 32.6 32.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 687 67.4 67.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_2] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 281 27.5 27.5 Mentioned 1 739 72.5 72.5 1020 100.0 100.0

132 EU2_1_3L

[EU2_1_2L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden (categorised, correct answer 2/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden (categorised, correct answer 2/8)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 281 27.5 27.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 739 72.5 72.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_3] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 65 6.4 6.4 Mentioned 1 955 93.6 93.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_3L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany (categorised, correct answer 3/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany (categorised, correct answer 3/8)

Frequencies

133 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 65 6.4 6.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 955 93.6 93.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_4] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Norway

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Norway

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 816 80.0 80.0 Mentioned 1 204 20.0 20.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_5] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 214 21.0 21.0 Mentioned 1 806 79.0 79.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_5L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark (categorised, correct answer 4/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark (categorised, correct answer 4/8)

134 EU2_1_7

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 214 21.0 21.0 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 806 79.0 79.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_6] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Switzerland

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Switzerland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 741 72.6 72.6 Mentioned 1 279 27.4 27.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_7] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 148 14.5 14.5 Mentioned 1 872 85.5 85.5 1020 100.0 100.0

135 2. Variables

[EU2_1_7L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy (categorised, correct answer 5/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy (categorised, correct answer 5/8)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 148 14.5 14.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 872 85.5 85.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_8] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 382 37.5 37.5 Mentioned 1 638 62.5 62.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_8L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia (categorised, correct answer 6/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia (categorised, correct answer 6/8)

Frequencies

136 EU2_1_10

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 382 37.5 37.5 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 638 62.5 62.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_9] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 232 22.7 22.7 Mentioned 1 788 77.3 77.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_9L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom (categorised, correct answer 7/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom (categorised, correct answer 7/8)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 232 22.7 22.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 788 77.3 77.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_10] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia

137 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 149 14.6 14.6 Mentioned 1 871 85.4 85.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1__1] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia (categorised, correct answer 8/8)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia (categorised, correct answer 8/8)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 149 14.6 14.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 871 85.4 85.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_1_11] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: None

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: None

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1016 99.6 99.6 Mentioned 1 4 0.4 0.4 1020 100.0 100.0

138 EU2_2_2

[EU2_1_12] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Can’t say

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 998 97.8 97.8 Mentioned 1 22 2.2 2.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_1] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Poland

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Poland

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 790 77.5 77.5 Mentioned 1 230 22.5 22.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_2] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Sweden

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Sweden

Frequencies

139 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 981 96.2 96.2 Mentioned 1 39 3.8 3.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_3] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Ger- many

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 149 14.6 14.6 Mentioned 1 871 85.4 85.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_3L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Ger- many (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 149 14.6 14.6 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 871 85.4 85.4 1020 100.0 100.0

140 EU2_2_6

[EU2_2_4] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Norway

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Norway

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 939 92.1 92.1 Mentioned 1 81 7.9 7.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_5] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Den- mark

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Denmark

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 622 61.0 61.0 Mentioned 1 398 39.0 39.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_6] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Switzer- land

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Switzerland

Frequencies

141 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 849 83.2 83.2 Mentioned 1 171 16.8 16.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_7] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 248 24.3 24.3 Mentioned 1 772 75.7 75.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_7L] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 248 24.3 24.3 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 772 75.7 75.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_8] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Latvia

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Latvia

142 EU2_2_10

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 861 84.4 84.4 Mentioned 1 159 15.6 15.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_9] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: The United Kingdom

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: The United Kingdom

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 874 85.7 85.7 Mentioned 1 146 14.3 14.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_10] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Estonia

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Estonia

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 769 75.4 75.4 Mentioned 1 251 24.6 24.6 1020 100.0 100.0

143 2. Variables

[EU2_2_11] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: None

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: None

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1013 99.3 99.3 Mentioned 1 7 0.7 0.7 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU2_2_12] The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Can’t say

Question

The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 940 92.2 92.2 Mentioned 1 80 7.8 7.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3A] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agricultural and ﬁshing policy

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agricultural and ﬁshing policy

Frequencies

144 EU3C

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 303 29.7 29.7 Mentioned 1 717 70.3 70.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3AL] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agriculture and ﬁshing policy (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agriculture and ﬁshing policy (categorised, correct answer 1/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 303 29.7 29.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 717 70.3 70.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3B] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Educational and social policy

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Educational and social policy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 926 90.8 90.8 Mentioned 1 94 9.2 9.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3C] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Foreign and security policy

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Foreign and security policy

Frequencies

145 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 832 81.6 81.6 Mentioned 1 188 18.4 18.4 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3D] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 600 58.8 58.8 Mentioned 1 420 41.2 41.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3DL] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy (categorised, correct answer 2/2)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 600 58.8 58.8 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 420 41.2 41.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU3E] In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Can’t say

Question

In which ﬁeld(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Can’t say

Frequencies

146 EU4L

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 842 82.5 82.5 Mentioned 1 178 17.5 17.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU4] The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly inﬂuence in the elections?

Question

The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly inﬂuence in the elections?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % The Commission 1 59 5.8 5.8 The Parliament 2 653 64.0 64.0 The European Council 3 55 5.4 5.4 The Council of the European Union (the Council of 4 70 6.9 6.9 Ministers) Can’t say 104 183 17.9 17.9 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU4L] The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly inﬂuence in the elections? (categorised)

Question

The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly inﬂuence in the elections? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 367 36.0 36.0 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 653 64.0 64.0 1020 100.0 100.0

147 2. Variables

[EU5] The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the deﬁnition of an EU regulation?

Question

The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the deﬁnition of an EU regulation?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A regulation is a non-binding recommendation to the 1 50 4.9 4.9 member states A regulation is directly applicable legislation in the 2 204 20.0 20.0 member states A regulation is binding on the member states, but the 3 584 57.3 57.3 national authorities are left the choice of form and methods A regulation deﬁnes the power relations of the EU in- 4 87 8.5 8.5 stitutions Can’t say 104 95 9.3 9.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU5L] The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the deﬁnition of an EU regulation? (categorised)

Question

The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the deﬁnition of an EU regulation? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 816 80.0 80.0 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 204 20.0 20.0 1020 100.0 100.0

148 EU7

[EU6] The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have?

Question

The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 7 1 345 33.8 33.8 3 2 142 13.9 13.9 10 3 167 16.4 16.4 5 4 220 21.6 21.6 Can’t say 104 146 14.3 14.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU6L] The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? (categorised)

Question

The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 675 66.2 66.2 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 345 33.8 33.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU7] How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament?

Question

How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament?

Frequencies

149 2. Variables

label value n % v. % 10 1 377 37.0 37.0 14 2 479 47.0 47.0 25 3 38 3.7 3.7 27 4 9 0.9 0.9 Can’t say 104 117 11.5 11.5 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU7L] How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? (categorised)

Question

How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 541 53.0 53.0 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 479 47.0 47.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU8] How long is the term of the European Parliament?

Question

How long is the term of the European Parliament?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Three years 1 131 12.8 12.8 Four years 2 501 49.1 49.1 Five years 3 136 13.3 13.3 Six years 4 87 8.5 8.5 Can’t say 104 165 16.2 16.2 1020 100.0 100.0

[EU8L] How long is the term of the European Parliament? (categorised)

Question

How long is the term of the European Parliament? (categorised)

150 TA2

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 884 86.7 86.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 136 13.3 13.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TA1] What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence?

Question

What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence?

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1020 minimum 1004.00 maximum 3000.00 mean 2420.77 standard deviation 906.33

[TA1L] What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended)

Question

What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? (categorised open- ended)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 851 83.4 83.4 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 169 16.6 16.6 1020 100.0 100.0

[TA2] How much is Finland’s annual government spending?

Question

How much is Finland’s annual government spending?

151 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % 10-20 billion euros 1 20 2.0 2.0 40-50 billion euros 2 217 21.3 21.3 100-110 billion euros 3 435 42.6 42.6 250-260 billion euros 4 197 19.3 19.3 Can’t say 104 151 14.8 14.8 1020 100.0 100.0

[TA2L] How much is Finland’s annual government spending? (categorised)

Question

How much is Finland’s annual government spending? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 803 78.7 78.7 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 217 21.3 21.3 1020 100.0 100.0

[TA3] Annual inﬂation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power?

Question

Annual inﬂation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Virtanen’s purchasing power increases by 2% 1 81 7.9 7.9 Virtanen’s purchasing power decreases by 3% 2 107 10.5 10.5 Virtanen’s purchasing power increases by 5% 3 54 5.3 5.3 Virtanen’s purchasing power decreases by 1% 4 724 71.0 71.0 Can’t say 104 54 5.3 5.3 1020 100.0 100.0

152 TA4

[TA3L] Annual inﬂation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? (categorised)

Question

Annual inﬂation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 296 29.0 29.0 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 724 71.0 71.0 1020 100.0 100.0

[TA4] In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that Virtanen earns 2,000 euros and Herranen 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth?

Question

In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that Virtanen earns 2,000 euros and Herranen 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Virtanen and Herranen have equal tax rates 1 57 5.6 5.6 Virtanen’s tax rate is higher than Herranen’s 2 82 8.0 8.0 Herranen’s tax rate is higher than Virtanen’s 3 783 76.8 76.8 Virtanen doesn’t pay any income tax, only Herranen 4 51 5.0 5.0 pays it Can’t say 104 47 4.6 4.6 1020 100.0 100.0

153 2. Variables

[TA4L] In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that V. earns 2,000 euros and H. 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? (categorised)

Question

In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that V. earns 2,000 euros and H. 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? (categorised)

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Incorrect answer given by the respondent 0 237 23.2 23.2 Correct answer given by the respondent 1 783 76.8 76.8 1020 100.0 100.0

154 Chapter 3

Indexes

3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence

FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 7 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 7 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 8 The respondent’s gender [TT1] ...... 8 The respondent’s year of birth [TT2] ...... 8 The respondent’s municipality of residence [TT3] ...... 9 The respondent’s education or the education level the respondent’s full-time study aims at [TT4] 9 If you have a higher education degree, which of the following did you study as your major subject? [TT5] ...... 10 The respondent’s marital status [TT6] ...... 10 Are there children in your household? [TT7] ...... 10 How many children live in your household? [TT7B1] ...... 11 How many of the children are under 18 years old? [TT7B2] ...... 11 Type of neighbourhood where the respondent lives [TT8] ...... 12 The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status [TT9] ...... 12 The respondent’s employer type [TT10] ...... 13 The total gross annual income of the household [TT11] ...... 13 Mother tongue [TT12] ...... 14 How interested are you in politics? [TT13] ...... 14 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In primary and lower secondary school [TT14_1] ...... 15 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In general upper secondary school (high school) [TT14_2] ...... 15

155 3. Indexes

How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In vocational upper secondary school / university of applied sciences (polytechnic) [TT14_3] . 16 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In university [TT14_4] ...... 16 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: At home [TT14_5] ...... 17 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: Among friends and/or acquaintances [TT14_6] ...... 17 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: From self-study [TT14_7] ...... 18 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: National Coalition Party (KOK) [TT15_1] ...... 18 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) [TT15_2] ...... 19 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) [TT15_3] ...... 19 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: True Finns (PS) [TT15_4] ...... 19 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) [TT15_5] ...... 20 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Christian Democrats (KD) [TT15_6] ...... 20 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Green League (VIHR) [TT15_7] ...... 21 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Left Alliance (VAS) [TT15_8] ...... 21 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Amnesty International [TT16_1] ...... 22 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Greenpeace [TT16_2] ...... 22 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: ATTAC [TT16_3] ...... 23 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Friends of the Earth [TT16_4] ...... 23 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Transparency International [TT16_5] ...... 24 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Committee of 100 in Finland [TT16_6] ...... 24 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Oikeutta eläimille (’Justice for Animals’) [TT16_7] ...... 25

156 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Finnish Association for Nature Conservation [TT16_8] ...... 25 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Municipal elections [TT17A] ...... 26 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Parlia- mentary elections [TT17B] ...... 26 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Presiden- tial elections [TT17C] ...... 27 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: European Parliament elections [TT17D] ...... 27 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: I don’t consider voting important [TT17E] ...... 27 Which of the following best describes the way you decide on the party and/or candidate you vote for? [TT18] ...... 28 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Writing a letter to the editor [TT19_1] ...... 28 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in a demonstration [TT19_2] ...... 29 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Voting in elections [TT19_3] ...... 29 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in the activities of a political party or a political organisation [TT19_4] ...... 30 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation in the activities of a non-political organisation or association [TT19_5] ...... 30 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Protest voting [TT19_6] ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Contacting a decision-maker (e.g. a politician, public servant) [TT19_7] ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Citizen activism (e.g. boycotts, squatting) [TT19_8] ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in an election campaign [TT19_9] ...... 32 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation on the Internet (e.g. online petitions, polls, discussions) [TT19_10] ...... 32 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A producer or business organisation [TT20_1] ...... 33 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A trade union or professional organisation [TT20_2] ...... 33 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A village or neighbourhood association [TT20_3] ...... 34

157 3. Indexes

How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A tenants’/residents’ association [TT20_4] ...... 34 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A sports or ﬁtness club/organisation [TT20_5] ...... 35 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A culture association [TT20_6] ...... 35 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A youth or student organisation [TT20_7] ...... 36 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An association/organisation related to national defence [TT20_8] 36 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A pensioners’ association [TT20_9] ...... 37 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An environmental organisation [TT20_10] ...... 37 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A volunteer organisation (e.g. Red Cross, Mannerheim League for Child Welfare) [TT20_11] ...... 38 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A political organisation or party [TT20_12] ...... 38 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.) [TT20_13] . . . . . 39 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: Other organisation/association [TT20_14] ...... 39 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A producer or business organisation [TT21_1] ...... 40 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A trade union or professional organisation [TT21_2] ...... 40 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A village or neighbourhood association [TT21_3] ...... 41 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A tenants’/residents’ association [TT21_4] ...... 41 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A youth or student organisation [TT21_5] ...... 42 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An association/organisation related to national defence [TT21_6] ...... 42

158 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A pensioners’ association [TT21_7] ...... 43 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An environmental organisation [TT21_8] ...... 43 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A political organisation or party [TT21_9] ...... 44 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.) [TT21_10] ...... 44 What is the number of associations you are a member of? [TT22] ...... 45 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Television [TT23_1] ...... 45 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: National or local newspapers [TT23_2] ...... 46 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Tabloid newspapers [TT23_3] ...... 46 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Radio [TT23_4] ...... 47 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Magazines [TT23_5] ...... 47 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Professional magazines and literature [TT23_6] ...... 48 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Internet [TT23_7] ...... 48 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Participation in the activities of an organisation or a political party [TT23_8] ...... 49 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Events organised by authorities, organisations, educational institutions etc. [TT23_9] ...... 49 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Information portals/forums (e.g. Europe Information, municipal information services) [TT23_10] ...... 50 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Contacting a decision-maker (a politician, public servant etc.) [TT23_11] ...... 50 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Conversations with friends, family, acquaintances and/or colleagues etc. [TT23_12] ...... 51

159 3. Indexes

How often do you usually follow politics on television? [TT24_1] ...... 51 How often do you usually follow politics on the radio? [TT24_2] ...... 51 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Local news [TT25_1] . . . . . 52 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: National news [TT25_2] . . 52 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: World news [TT25_3] . . . . 53 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Business news [TT25_4] . . 53 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Editorials and columns [TT25_5] 54 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Expert columns (guest columns etc.) [TT25_6] ...... 54 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Letters to the editor [TT25_7] 55 On average, how much time per day do you spend: Watching television (hours) [TT26_1_1] 55 How much time per day do you usually spend: Watching television (minutes) [TT26_1_2] . 56 How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (hours) [TT26_2_1] . .56 How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (minutes) [TT26_2_2] 57 How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (hours) [TT26_3_1] . . 58 How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (minutes) [TT26_3_2] 58 How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (hours) [TT26_4_1] . . . . . 59 How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (minutes) [TT26_4_2] . . .60 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation seeking related to work, studies etc. [TT27A] ...... 60 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation retrieval related to hobbies or leisure time [TT27B] ...... 61 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Work- related contacts (e.g. clients, colleagues) [TT27C] ...... 61 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Contact with friends or acquaintances through email [TT27D] ...... 61 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Taking care of everyday tasks (paying bills, reserving trips, making purchases etc.) [TT27E] ...... 62 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Discus- sions on discussion boards, forums etc. (chat, IRC etc.) [TT27F] ...... 62 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Follow- ing current affairs [TT27G] ...... 63 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Down- loading music, videos etc. on your computer [TT27H] ...... 63 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Playing online games [TT27I] ...... 63

160 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: I don’t use the Internet [TT27J] ...... 64 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Can’t say [TT27K] ...... 64 How much would you say you know about politics and public affairs? [Y1] ...... 64 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is only about seeking personal gain [Y2_1] ...... 65 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is a public activity [Y2_2] ...... 65 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is about working for the common good and making collective decisions [Y2_3] ...... 66 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is competition for power [Y2_4] ...... 66 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Influencing the content of politics requires participation [Y2_5] . . . 67 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is conflict resolution [Y2_6] ...... 67 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics does not affect the lives of ordinary people [Y2_7] ...... 68 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics sets the rules of the community/society [Y2_8] ...... 68 What is your attitude towards the concept of democracy? [Y3] ...... 69 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Citi- zens’ right to participate and influence the development of the society and their environment [Y4A] ...... 69 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The duty of those in power to assess different views equally [Y4B] ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: High tax rate [Y4C] ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Re- specting the rule of law [Y4D] ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free education and health care [Y4E] ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Equality between men and women [Y4F] ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free competition for power between political parties [Y4G] ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The ability of citizens to replace their political leaders [Y4H] ...... 72

161 3. Indexes

Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Major- ity rule [Y4I] ...... 72 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Political opposition’s freedom to act [Y4J] ...... 73 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The goal of full employment [Y4K] ...... 73 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free, equal and secret elections [Y4L] ...... 73 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Even income distribution [Y4M] ...... 74 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free- dom of opinion [Y4N] ...... 74 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: None of the above [Y4O] ...... 74 If you assess democracy in Finland based on the criteria you associate with democracy, what grade would you give the state of democracy in Finland at the moment? (4 being the lowest, 10 the highest) [Y5] ...... 75 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the left [Y6_1_1] ...... 75 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the right [Y6_1_2] ...... 76 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: Can’t say [Y6_1_3] ...... 76 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the left [Y6_2_1] ...... 77 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the right [Y6_2_2] ...... 77 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: Can’t say [Y6_2_3] ...... 77 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the left [Y6_3_1] ...... 78 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the right [Y6_3_2] ...... 78 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: Can’t say [Y6_3_3] ...... 78 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the left [Y6_4_1] ...... 79 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the right [Y6_4_2] ...... 79 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these

162 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence concepts? Market economy: Can’t say [Y6_4_3] ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the left [Y6_5_1] ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the right [Y6_5_2] ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: Can’t say [Y6_5_3] ...... 81 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the left [Y6_6_1] ...... 81 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the right [Y6_6_2] ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: Can’t say [Y6_6_3] ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the left [Y6_7_1] ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the right [Y6_7_2] ...... 83 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: Can’t say [Y6_7_3] ...... 83 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the left [Y6_8_1] ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the right [Y6_8_2] ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: Can’t say [Y6_8_3] ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the left [Y6_9_1] ...... 85 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the right [Y6_9_2] ...... 85 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: Can’t say [Y6_9_3] ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the left [Y6_10_1] ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the right [Y6_10_2] ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: Can’t say [Y6_10_3] ...... 87 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the left [Y6_11_1] ...... 87 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these

163 3. Indexes concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the right [Y6_11_2] ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: Can’t say [Y6_11_3] ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the left [Y6_12_1] ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the right [Y6_12_2] ...... 89 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: Can’t say [Y6_12_3] ...... 89 Where would you place yourself on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is far political left and 10 far political right? [Y7] ...... 90 The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? [S1] ...... 90 The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? (categorised) [S1L] ...... 91 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: One candidate is chosen from each constituency [S2A] ...... 91 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system [S2B] ...... 91 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system (categorised, correct answer 1/2) [S2BL] ...... 92 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Two-party system [S2C] ...... 92 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency [S2D] ...... 93 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency (cat. correct answer 2/2) [S2DL] ...... 93 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Can’t say [S2E] 94 What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? [S3] ...... 94 What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? (categorised) [S3L] ...... 94 Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Maintenance of public discourse [S4_1] ...... 95 Parties are signiﬁcant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Recruitment of political leaders [S4_2] ...... 95

164 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Supporting multiculturalism [S4_3] ...... 96 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Reviewing and reconciling differing interests in society [S4_4] . . . .96 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Nomination of candidates for elections [S4_5] ...... 97 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the well-being of citizens [S4_6] ...... 97 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Improving the citizens’ level of education and culture [S4_7] . . . . . 98 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the balanced development of the whole society [S4_8] ...... 98 Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? [S5] ...... 99 Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? (categorised) [S5L] . . . .99 Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended) [S6] ...... 99 Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended) [S6L] ...... 100 At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended) [S7] ...... 100 At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended) [S7L] ...... 101 How often are municipal elections held in Finland? [S8] ...... 101 How often are municipal elections held in Finland? (categorised) [S8L] ...... 102 Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? [S9] ...... 102 Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? (categorised) [S9L] ...... 102 Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (open-ended) [S10_1] ...... 103 Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (categorised open-ended) [S10_1L] . . . . . 103 Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (open-ended) [S10_2] .103 Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (categorised open-ended) [S10_2L] ...... 104 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Di- recting foreign policy [S11A] ...... 104 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En-

165 3. Indexes actment of laws [S11B] ...... 104 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En- actment of laws (categorised, correct answer 1/2) [S11BL] ...... 105 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Na- tional preparation of the decisions to be made in the European Union (EU) [S11C] ...... 105 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances [S11D] ...... 106 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances (categorised, correct answer 2/2) [S11DL] ...... 106 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Can’t say [S11E] ...... 106 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) [S12A] ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) (categorised, correct answer 1/4) [S12AL] ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Social Demo- cratic Party of Finland (SDP) [S12B] ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) [S12C] ...... 108 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) (categorised, correct answer 2/4) [S12CL] ...... 108 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: True Finns (PS) [S12D] ...... 109 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) [S12E] ...... 109 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) (categorised, correct answer 3/4) [S12EL] ...... 109 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Christian Democrats (KD) [S12F] ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) [S12G] ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) (categorised, correct answer 4/4) [S12GL] ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Left Alliance (VAS) [S12H] ...... 111 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Can’t say [S12I] ...... 111 How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? [S13] ...... 111 How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? (categorised) [S13L] 112

166 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) [S14_1] ...... 112 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) (categorised) [S14_1L] ...... 113 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) [S14_2] ...... 113 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) (categorised) [S14_2L] . . . . . 113 The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of inﬂuence does this vote given to a candidate have? [S15] ...... 114 The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of inﬂuence does this vote given to a candidate have? (categorised) [S15L] ...... 114 How many members are there in the Parliament? [S16] ...... 115 How many members are there in the Parliament? (categorised) [S16L] ...... 115 Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (open-ended) [S17_1] ...... 115 Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (categorised open-ended) [S17_1L] . 116 Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (open-ended) [S17_2] ...... 116 Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (categorised open-ended) [S17_2L] 116 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest [S18_1] ...... 117 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest (categorised) [S18_1L] ...... 117 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest [S18_2] ...... 118 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest (categorised) [S18_2L] ...... 118 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest [S18_3] ...... 119 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest (categorised) [S18_3L] ...... 119 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest [S18_4] ...... 120 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest (categorised) [S18_4L] ...... 120 The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? [S19] ...... 121 The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? (categorised) [S19L] 121 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government [S20A] ...... 121 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister:

167 3. Indexes

Directing the activities of the Government (categorised, correct answer 1/2) [S20AL] . . . . 122 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment of the highest officials [S20B] ...... 122 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so [S20C] 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minis- ter: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so (categorised, correct answer 2/2) [S20CL] ...... 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment and dismissal of the Ministers [S20D] ...... 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Can’t say [S20E] ...... 124 Which political party did you vote for in the last parliamentary elections? [S21] ...... 124 What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? [S22] 125 What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? (categorised) [S22L] ...... 125 Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (open-ended) [S23] ...... 126 Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (categorised open-ended) [S23L] 126 Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? [S24] ...... 126 Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? (categorised) [S24L] ...... 127 Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? [S25] ...... 127 Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? (categorised) [S25L] ...... 128 What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? [S26] ...... 128 What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? (categorised) [S26L] ...... 129 The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the definition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’ [S27] ...... 129 The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the definition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’ (categorised) [S27L] ...... 130 How long is the term of the President of the Republic? [S28] ...... 130 How long is the term of the President of the Republic? (categorised) [S28L] ...... 130 Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? [EU1] ...... 131

168 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? (categorised) [EU1L] 131 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland [EU2_1_1] ...... 131 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland (categorised, correct answer 1/8) [EU2_1_1L] ...... 132 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden [EU2_1_2] ...... 132 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden (categorised, correct answer 2/8) [EU2_1_2L] ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany [EU2_1_3] ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany (categorised, correct answer 3/8) [EU2_1_3L] ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Norway [EU2_1_4] ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark [EU2_1_5] ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark (categorised, correct answer 4/8) [EU2_1_5L] ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Switzerland [EU2_1_6] ...... 135 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy [EU2_1_7] ...... 135 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy (categorised, correct answer 5/8) [EU2_1_7L] ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia [EU2_1_8] ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia (categorised, correct answer 6/8) [EU2_1_8L] ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom [EU2_1_9] ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom (categorised, correct answer 7/8) [EU2_1_9L] ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia [EU2_1_10] ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia (categorised, correct answer 8/8) [EU2_1__1] ...... 138 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: None [EU2_1_11] ...... 138 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU:

169 3. Indexes

Can’t say [EU2_1_12] ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Poland [EU2_2_1] ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Sweden [EU2_2_2] ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany [EU2_2_3] ...... 140 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany (categorised, correct answer 1/2) [EU2_2_3L] . 140 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Norway [EU2_2_4] ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Denmark [EU2_2_5] ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Switzerland [EU2_2_6] ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy [EU2_2_7] ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy (categorised, correct answer 2/2) [EU2_2_7L] ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Latvia [EU2_2_8] ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: The United Kingdom [EU2_2_9] ...... 143 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Estonia [EU2_2_10] ...... 143 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: None [EU2_2_11] ...... 144 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Can’t say [EU2_2_12] ...... 144 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agricultural and fishing policy [EU3A] ...... 144 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agriculture and fishing policy (categorised, correct answer 1/2) [EU3AL] ...... 145 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Educational and social policy [EU3B] ...... 145 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Foreign and security policy [EU3C] ...... 145 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy [EU3D] 146 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy (categorised,

170 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence correct answer 2/2) [EU3DL] ...... 146 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Can’t say [EU3E] . . . . . 146 The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly influence in the elections? [EU4] ...... 147 The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly influence in the elections? (categorised) [EU4L] ...... 147 The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the definition of an EU regulation? [EU5] ...... 148 The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the definition of an EU regulation? (categorised) [EU5L] ...... 148 The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? [EU6] ...... 149 The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? (categorised) [EU6L] ...... 149 How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? [EU7] ...... 149 How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? (categorised) [EU7L] ...... 150 How long is the term of the European Parliament? [EU8] ...... 150 How long is the term of the European Parliament? (categorised) [EU8L] ...... 150 What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? [TA1] ...... 151 What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? (categorised open- ended) [TA1L] ...... 151 How much is Finland’s annual government spending? [TA2] ...... 151 How much is Finland’s annual government spending? (categorised) [TA2L] ...... 152 Annual inflation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? [TA3] ...... 152 Annual inflation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? (categorised) [TA3L] ...... 153 In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that Virtanen earns 2,000 euros and Herranen 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? [TA4] ...... 153 In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that V. earns 2,000 euros and H. 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? (categorised) [TA4L] ...... 154

171 3. Indexes

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order

According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment and dismissal of the Ministers ...... 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Appointment of the highest officials ...... 122 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Can’tsay ...... 124 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so . . . 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minis- ter: Carrying out the duties of the President, when the President is prevented from doing so (categorised, correct answer 2/2) ...... 123 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government ...... 121 According to the Constitution, which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Prime Minister: Directing the activities of the Government (categorised, correct answer 1/2) ...... 122 Annual inflation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? ...... 152 Annual inflation is 3% and Virtanen’s income increases by 2%. How does this affect Virtanen’s purchasing power? (categorised) ...... 153 Are there children in your household? ...... 10 At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended) ...... 101 At the moment, which party is the largest party by seats in the municipal/city council of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended) ...... 100 Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? ...... 126 Finland follows the so-called principle of parliamentarism. Which of the following best describes this principle? (categorised) ...... 127 FSDcaseid ...... 8 FSD edition number ...... 7 FSD study number ...... 7 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A culture association ...... 35 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.) ...... 39 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A pensioners’ association ...... 37 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic or-

172 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order ganisations and associations: A political organisation or party ...... 38 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A producer or business organisation ...... 33 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A sports or ﬁtness club/organisation ...... 35 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A tenants’/residents’ association ...... 34 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A trade union or professional organisation ...... 33 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A village or neighbourhood association ...... 34 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A volunteer organisation (e.g. Red Cross, Mannerheim League for Child Welfare) ...... 38 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: A youth or student organisation ...... 36 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An association/organisation related to national defence ...... 36 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: An environmental organisation ...... 37 How actively do you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations and associations: Other organisation/association ...... 39 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Amnesty International ...... 22 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: ATTAC ...... 23 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Committee of 100 in Finland ...... 24 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Finnish Association for Nature Conservation ...... 25 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Friends of the Earth ...... 23 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Greenpeace ...... 22 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Oikeutta eläimille (’Justice for Animals’) ...... 25 How close to or distant from the following non-governmental/civic organisations do you feel yourself to be: Transparency International ...... 24 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) ...... 19

173 3. Indexes

How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Christian Democrats (KD) ...... 20 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Green League (VIHR) ...... 21 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Left Alliance (VAS) ...... 21 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: National Coalition Party(KOK) ...... 18 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) ...... 19 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) ...... 20 How close to or distant from the following parties do you feel yourself to be: True Finns (PS) 19 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Contacting a decision-maker (a politician, public servant etc.) 50 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Conversations with friends, family, acquaintances and/or colleagues etc...... 51 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Events organised by authorities, organisations, educational institutions etc...... 49 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Information portals/forums (e.g. Europe Information, municipal information services) ...... 50 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Internet ...... 48 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Magazines ...... 47 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: National or local newspapers ...... 46 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Participation in the activities of an organisation or a political party ...... 49 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Professional magazines and literature ...... 48 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Radio ...... 47 How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Tabloid newspapers ...... 46

174 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

How important are the following channels for you personally for receiving information on current social and political issues: Television ...... 45 How interested are you in politics? ...... 14 How long is the term of the European Parliament? ...... 150 How long is the term of the European Parliament? (categorised) ...... 150 How long is the term of the President of the Republic? ...... 130 How long is the term of the President of the Republic? (categorised) ...... 130 How many children live in your household? ...... 11 How many members are there in the Parliament? ...... 115 How many members are there in the Parliament? (categorised) ...... 115 How many of the children are under 18 years old? ...... 11 How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? 149 How many representatives - ’MEPs’ - does Finland currently have in the European Parliament? (categorised) ...... 150 How much is Finland’s annual government spending? ...... 151 How much is Finland’s annual government spending? (categorised) ...... 152 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: Among friends and/or acquaintances ...... 17 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: At home ...... 17 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: From self-study ...... 18 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In general upper secondary school (high school) ...... 15 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In primary and lower secondary school ...... 15 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In university ...... 16 How much knowledge would you say you have gained about social and political matters: In vocational upper secondary school / university of applied sciences (polytechnic) ...... 16 How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (hours) ...... 56 How much time per day do you usually spend: Listening to the radio (minutes) ...... 57 How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (hours) ...... 58 How much time per day do you usually spend: Reading newspapers (minutes) ...... 58 How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (hours) ...... 59 How much time per day do you usually spend: Using the Internet (minutes) ...... 60

175 3. Indexes

How much time per day do you usually spend: Watching television (minutes) ...... 56 How much would you say you know about politics and public affairs? ...... 64 How often are municipal elections held in Finland? ...... 101 How often are municipal elections held in Finland? (categorised) ...... 102 How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? ...... 111 How often, at minimum, must parliamentary elections be held in Finland? (categorised) . . 112 How often do you usually follow politics on television? ...... 51 How often do you usually follow politics on the radio? ...... 51 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Business news ...... 53 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Editorials and columns . . . .54 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Expert columns (guest columns etc.) ...... 54 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Letters to the editor ...... 55 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: Local news ...... 52 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: National news ...... 52 How often do you usually read the following on the newspaper: World news ...... 53 If you assess democracy in Finland based on the criteria you associate with democracy, what grade would you give the state of democracy in Finland at the moment? (4 being the lowest, 10 the highest) ...... 75 If you have a higher education degree, which of the following did you study as your major subject? ...... 10 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A parents’ association (school, day care etc.) ...... 44 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A pensioners’ association 43 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A political organisation or party ...... 44 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A producer or business organisation ...... 40 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A tenants’/residents’ association ...... 41 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A trade union or professional organisation ...... 40

176 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A village or neighbourhood association ...... 41 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: A youth or student organisation 42 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An association/organisation related to national defence ...... 42 If you participate in the activities of the following non-governmental/civic organisations, what is the most important reason for you to participate in the activities: An environmental organisation 43 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Can’t say . . . . . 94 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system 91 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Multi-party system (categorised, correct answer 1/2) ...... 92 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: One candidate is chosen from each constituency ...... 91 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency ...... 93 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Several candidates are chosen from each constituency (cat. correct answer 2/2) ...... 93 In Finland, an electoral system based on proportional representation is in use. Which of the following do you associate with the concept of proportional representation: Two-party system 92 In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that V. earns 2,000 euros and H. 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? (categorised) ...... 154 In Finland, employees’ earned income is subject to income tax. Let’s assume that Virtanen earns 2,000 euros and Herranen 5,000 euros per month. Which of the following statements about Finnish income taxation do you think is closest to the truth? ...... 153 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: Can’t say ...... 77 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the left ...... 77

177 3. Indexes

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Aim for social justice: With the right ...... 77 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: Can’t say ...... 76 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the left ...... 75 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Bourgeois: With the right ...... 76 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: Can’t say ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the left ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Conservatism: With the right ...... 84 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: Can’t say ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the left ...... 85 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Entrepreneurs and proprietors: With the right ...... 85 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: Can’t say ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the left ...... 79 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Market economy: With the right ...... 79 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: Can’t say ...... 87 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the left ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Owning class: With the right ...... 86 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: Can’t say ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the left ...... 81 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Pro-globalisation: With the right ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: Can’t say ...... 89

178 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the left ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Progress and social reform: With the right ...... 89 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: Can’t say ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the left ...... 87 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Reduction of income inequality: With the right ...... 88 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: Can’t say ...... 83 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the left ...... 82 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strengthening the role of private ownership: With the right ...... 83 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: Can’t say ...... 81 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the left ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Strong public sector: With the right ...... 80 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: Can’t say ...... 78 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the left ...... 78 In politics people often talk of left and right. Which of the following do you associate with these concepts? Working class: With the right ...... 78 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agricultural and fishing policy ...... 144 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Agriculture and fishing policy (categorised, correct answer 1/2) ...... 145 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Can’t say ...... 146 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy ...... 146 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Economic policy (categorised, correct answer 2/2) ...... 146 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Educational and social policy 145 In which field(s) have member states delegated powers to the EU: Foreign and security policy 145

179 3. Indexes

In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: European Parliament elections ...... 27 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: I don’t consider voting important ...... 27 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Municipal elections ...... 26 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Parlia- mentary elections ...... 26 In which of the following elections do you consider it very important for you to vote: Presiden- tial elections ...... 27 Mother tongue ...... 14 On average, how much time per day do you spend: Watching television (hours) ...... 55 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Can’t say 111 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) ...... 108 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Centre Party of Finland (KESK) (categorised, correct answer 2/4) ...... 108 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Christian Democrats (KD) ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Green League (VIHR) (categorised, correct answer 4/4) ...... 110 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Left Alliance (VAS) ...... 111 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: National Coalition Party (KOK) (categorised, correct answer 1/4) ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Social Demo- cratic Party of Finland (SDP) ...... 107 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) ...... 109 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) (categorised, correct answer 3/4) ...... 109 Out of the following, please select the parties that currently form the Government: True Finns (PS) ...... 109 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Can’t say ...... 64

180 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Contact with friends or acquaintances through email ...... 61 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Discus- sions on discussion boards, forums etc. (chat, IRC etc.) ...... 62 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Down- loading music, videos etc. on your computer ...... 63 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Follow- ing current affairs ...... 63 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: I don’t use the Internet ...... 64 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation retrieval related to hobbies or leisure time ...... 61 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Infor- mation seeking related to work, studies etc...... 60 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Playing online games ...... 63 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Taking care of everyday tasks (paying bills, reserving trips, making purchases etc.) ...... 62 Out of the following, please select three principal reasons at most for your Internet use: Work- related contacts (e.g. clients, colleagues) ...... 61 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Improving the citizens’ level of education and culture ...... 98 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Maintenance of public discourse ...... 95 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Nomination of candidates for elections ...... 97 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Recruitment of political leaders ...... 95 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the balanced development of the whole society . 98 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Responsibility for the well-being of citizens ...... 97 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Reviewing and reconciling differing interests in society ...... 96 Parties are significant political actors in Finland. How important do you regard the activities of parties in the following: Supporting multiculturalism ...... 96 Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (categorised open-ended) ...... 126 Please name a party leader of one party in the Parliament (open-ended) ...... 126 Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? ...... 99

181 3. Indexes

Political decisions are also made in municipalities in Finland. Which political decision-maker is elected by the residents of a municipality in municipal elections? (categorised) ...... 99 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Influencing the content of politics requires participation ...... 67 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics does not affect the lives of ordinary people ...... 68 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is a public activity ...... 65 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is about working for the common good and making collective decisions ...... 66 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is competition for power ...... 66 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is conflict resolution ...... 67 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics is only about seeking personal gain ...... 65 Politics can be understood in different ways. How well do the following statements correspond to your view of politics: Politics sets the rules of the community/society ...... 68 Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? ...... 127 Since the 1960s, so-called tripartite negotiations have taken place in Finland. Who are the main parties in these negotiations? (categorised) ...... 128 Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? ...... 131 Since what year has Finland been a member of the European Union? (categorised) ...... 131 The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? ...... 90 The basis of our country’s political system is the constitution. Where are the Powers of the State vested in Finland according to the Constitution? (categorised) ...... 91 The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the definition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’ ...... 129 The Constitution of Finland regulates the conduct of Finnish foreign policy. Which of the following alternatives completes the definition given in the Constitution: ’The foreign policy of Finland is directed by...’ (categorised) ...... 130 The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? ...... 121 The cooperation of which two parties has been termed ’red earth/clay’? (categorised) . . . . .121 The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of influence does this vote given to a candidate have? ...... 114

182 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

The electoral system converts votes given in the elections into seats. In Finland, voters give their vote to the candidate of their choosing. What sort of inﬂuence does this vote given to a candidate have? (categorised) ...... 114 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Can’tsay ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Denmark (categorised, correct answer 4/8) ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Estonia (categorised, correct answer 8/8) ...... 138 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Germany (categorised, correct answer 3/8) ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy ...... 135 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Italy (categorised, correct answer 5/8) ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Latvia (categorised, correct answer 6/8) ...... 136 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: None ...... 138 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Norway ...... 134 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland ...... 131 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Poland (categorised, correct answer 1/8) ...... 132 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden ...... 132 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Sweden (categorised, correct answer 2/8) ...... 133 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: Switzerland ...... 135 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU:

183 3. Indexes

The United Kingdom ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them belong to the EU: The United Kingdom (categorised, correct answer 7/8) ...... 137 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Can’t say ...... 144 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Denmark ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Estonia ...... 143 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany ...... 140 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Germany (categorised, correct answer 1/2) ...... 140 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Italy (categorised, correct answer 2/2) ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Latvia ...... 142 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: None ...... 144 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Norway ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Poland ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Sweden ...... 139 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: Switzerland ...... 141 The following list contains a number of European countries. Which of them have the common currency euro as their currency: The United Kingdom ...... 143 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest ...... 120 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Fourth largest (categorised) ...... 120 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest ...... 117 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Largest (categorised) ...... 117 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties

184 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest ...... 118 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Second largest (categorised) ...... 118 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest ...... 119 The following list contains all the parties in the current Parliament. Please mark the four parties that are the largest by the number of seats: Third largest (categorised) ...... 119 The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the definition of an EU regulation? ...... 148 The most important decisions of the EU are regulations and directives. Which of the following corresponds to the definition of an EU regulation? (categorised) ...... 148 The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status ...... 12 The respondent’s education or the education level the respondent’s full-time study aims at . . 9 The respondent’s employer type ...... 13 The respondent’s gender ...... 8 The respondent’s marital status ...... 10 The respondent’s municipality of residence ...... 9 The respondent’s year of birth ...... 8 The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly influence in the elections? ...... 147 The selection of the representatives of which EU institution can you directly influence in the elections? (categorised) ...... 147 The total gross annual income of the household ...... 13 The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? ...... 149 The total number of the votes of all member states in the Council of the European Union is 345. How many votes does Finland have? (categorised) ...... 149 Type of neighbourhood where the respondent lives ...... 12 What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? ...... 151 What is currently the municipal tax rate of your municipality of residence? (categorised open- ended) ...... 151 What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? ...... 128 What is meant by the abbreviation TUPO? (categorised) ...... 129 What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? ...... 94 What is meant by the term electoral division (constituencies)? (categorised) ...... 94 What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? . 125 What is the main principle in the division of duties between the state and municipalities? (cate-

185 3. Indexes gorised) ...... 125 What is the number of associations you are a member of? ...... 45 What is your attitude towards the concept of democracy? ...... 69 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) ...... 113 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (month) (categorised) ...... 113 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) ...... 112 When will the parliamentary elections be held next? (year) (categorised) ...... 113 Where would you place yourself on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is far political left and 10 far political right? ...... 90 Which of the following best describes the way you decide on the party and/or candidate you votefor? ...... 28 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Citi- zens’ right to participate and inﬂuence the development of the society and their environment 69 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Equality between men and women ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Even income distribution ...... 74 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free competition for power between political parties ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free education and health care ...... 71 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free, equal and secret elections ...... 73 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Free- dom of opinion ...... 74 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: High taxrate ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Major- ityrule ...... 72 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: None oftheabove ...... 74 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Political opposition’s freedom to act ...... 73 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: Re- specting the rule of law ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The ability of citizens to replace their political leaders ...... 72 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The

186 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order duty of those in power to assess different views equally ...... 70 Which of the following characteristics do you associate with the concept of democracy: The goal of full employment ...... 73 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Citizen activism (e.g. boycotts, squatting) ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Contacting a decision-maker (e.g. a politician, public servant) ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in a demonstration ...... 29 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in an election campaign ...... 32 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participating in the activities of a political party or a political organisation ...... 30 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation in the activities of a non-political organisation or association ...... 30 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Participation on the Internet (e.g. online petitions, polls, discussions) ...... 32 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Protest voting ...... 31 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Voting in elections ...... 29 Which of the following do you regard as meaningful means for your personal civic participation: Writing a letter to the editor ...... 28 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Can’t say ...... 106 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances ...... 106 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Decision- making on state ﬁnances (categorised, correct answer 2/2) ...... 106 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Di- recting foreign policy ...... 104 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En- actment of laws ...... 104 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: En- actment of laws (categorised, correct answer 1/2) ...... 105 Which of the following is/are the task(s) of the Parliament according to the Constitution: Na- tional preparation of the decisions to be made in the European Union (EU) ...... 105 Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (categorised open-ended) 104 Which party does the current Prime Minister of Finland represent? (open-ended) ...... 103

187 3. Indexes

Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (categorised open-ended) . . . . . 116 Which party does the Speaker of the Parliament represent? (open-ended) ...... 116 Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? ...... 102 Which political decision-maker is directly elected by the citizens in parliamentary elections in Finland? (categorised) ...... 102 Which political party did you vote for in the last parliamentary elections? ...... 124 Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (categorised open-ended) ...... 116 Who currently acts as the Speaker of the Parliament? (open-ended) ...... 115 Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (categorised open-ended) ...... 100 Who is, at the moment, the municipal/town manager of your current municipality of residence? (open-ended) ...... 99 Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (categorised open-ended) ...... 103 Who is currently the Prime Minister of Finland? (open-ended) ...... 103

188 Appendix A

Questionnaire in Finnish

189 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa

FSD2499 Yhteiskuntatutkimus 2008

Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.ﬁ/

QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive:

FSD2499 Knowledge of Politics and Society 2008

If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.ﬁ/ 131

TT1. Oletteko... (a) mies (b) nainen

TT2. Min ä vuonna olette syntynyt?

19____

TT3. Mik ä on nykyinen asuinkuntanne?

TT4. Mik ä on koulutustasonne? (Valitkaa vain yksi vaihtoehto. Jos olette p ää toiminen opiskelija, valitkaa se vaihtoehto, johon nykyinen opiskelunne t äht ää .) (a) Peruskoulun ala-aste tai kansakoulu (b) Peruskoulun yl äaste tai keskikoulu (c) Ammatillinen perustutkinto (ammattikoulu) (d) Ylioppilastutkinto (ei ammattikoulutusta) (e) Opistoasteen ammatillinen tutkinto (f) Ylempi opistoasteen tutkinto tai ammattikorkeakoulututkinto (g) Yliopiston tai korkeakoulun alempi akateeminen tutkinto (kandidaatti) (h) Yliopiston tai korkeakoulun ylempi akateeminen tutkinto (maisteri) (i) Lisensiaatin tai tohtorin tutkinto (j) Muu koulutus (k) En osaa sanoa

TT5. Jos Teill ä on korkeakoulututkinto , mit ä seuraavista aloista olette opiskelleet pää aineenanne ? (Jos Teill ä ei ole korkeakoulututkintoa, siirtyk ää kysymykseen TT6) (a) Humanistinen ala (b) Oikeustiede (c) Taloustiede (d) Yhteiskuntatieteet (e) Lää ketiede (f) Luonnontieteet (g) Tekniset tieteet (h) Kasvatustiede (ml. opettajankoulutus) (i) En mit ää n edell ä mainituista 132

TT6. Mik ä on nykyinen siviilis ää tynne? (a) Naimaton (b) Avioliitossa tai muussa rekister öidyss ä parisuhteessa (c) Avoliitossa (d) Eronnut tai asumuserossa (e) Leski (f) Muu

TT7. Kuuluuko talouteenne lapsia? (a) Ei (b) Kyll ä, yhteens ä _____ lasta, joista _____ alle 18-vuotiaita

TT8. Mik ä on nykyinen asuinpaikkanne? (a) Kaupungin keskusta (b) Esikaupunkialue tai kaupunkil ähi ö (c) Kuntakeskus tai muu taajama (d) Maaseudun haja-asutusalue

TT9. Mik ä on ammattiasemanne t äll ä hetkell ä? (Valitkaa vain yksi vaihtoehto) (a) Johtava asema (b) Ylempi toimihenkil ö (c) Alempi toimihenkil ö (d) Ty öntekij ä (e) Maatalousyritt äjä (f) Yritt äjä (g) Opiskelija (h) Hoidan lapsia/kotia/omaisia (i) Ty ötön/lomautettu (j) El äkel äinen (k) Muu

TT10. Nykyinen ty önantajanne? (Valitkaa vain yksi vaihtoehto) (a) Kunta/kuntayhtym ä (b) Kunnan yhti ö/liikelaitos (c) Valtio/muu julkinen (d) Ns. kolmas sektori (esim. voittoa tavoittelematon j ärjest ö/yhdistys tms.) (e) Oma yritys/itse ty öllistynyt (f) Yritys (g) En ole mukana ty öel ämäss ä (h) Muu 133

TT11. Mitk ä ovat taloutenne yhteenlasketut vuositulot veroja vähent ämätt ä? (a) alle 10 000 (b) 10 001-20 000 (c) 20 001-30 000 (d) 30 001-40 000 (e) 40 001-55 000 (f) 55 001-65 000 (g) 65 001-75 000 (h) 75 001-85 000 (i) 85 001-95 000 (j) 95 001-110 000 (k) yli 110 000 (l) En osaa/halua sanoa

TT12. Mik ä on äidinkielenne? (a) suomi (b) ruotsi (c) Jokin muu

TT13. Kuinka kiinnostunut olette politiikasta? (a) Eritt äin kiinnostunut (b) Jonkin verran kiinnostunut (c) Vain v ähän kiinnostunut (d) En lainkaan kiinnostunut (e) En osaa sanoa

TT14. Kuinka paljon tiet ämyst ä yhteiskunnallisten asioiden ymm ärt ämiseksi katsotte saaneenne...? (Arvioikaa vain niit ä, joista Teill ä on kokemusta)

134

TT15. Miten l äheiseksi tai et äiseksi koette seuraavat puolueet itsellenne?

En et äiseksi Eritt äin enk ä Hyvin läheiseksi Läheiseksi läheiseksi Et äiseksi et äiseksi Kansallinen Kokoomus Suomen Sosialidemo- kraattinen Puolue Suomen Keskusta Perussuomalaiset Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue Kristillisdemokraatit Vihre ä Liitto Vasemmistoliitto

TT16. Miten l äheiseksi tai et äiseksi koette seuraavat kansalaisj ärjest öt itsellenne?

En et äiseksi En tunne Eritt äin enk ä Hyvin järjest ön läheiseksi Läheiseksi läheiseksi Et äiseksi et äiseksi toimintaa Amnesty International Greenpeace ATTAC Maan yst ävät Transparency International Sadankomitea Oikeutta el äimille Suomen luonnosuojeluliitto

TT17. Mik ä tai mitk ä seuraavista ovat vaalit, joissa ää nest ämist ä pid ätte itsellenne eritt äin t ärke änä? (a) Kunnallisvaalit (b) Eduskuntavaalit (c) Presidentinvaalit (d) Europarlamenttivaalit (e) En koe ää nest ämist ä t ärke änä ( siirtyk ää kysymykseen TT19) 135

TT18. Mik ä seuraavista kuvaa parhaiten tapaa, jolla p ää tätte, mit ä puoluetta ja/tai ehdokasta ää nest ätte? (a) Ää nest än aina saman puolueen ehdokasta (b) Ää nest än sit ä puoluetta/ehdokasta, joka kulloinkin vaikuttaa mielest äni parhaalta (c) Otan selv ää puolueiden/ehdokkaiden mielipiteist ä niiss ä asioissa, jotka ovat minulle t ärkeit ä ja ää nest än sopivinta ehdokasta (d) Haen itselleni sopivan ehdokkaan vaalikoneen kautta

TT19. Mit ä seuraavista pid ätte itsellenne mielekk ää nä tapana osallistua yhteiskunnallisesti?

Jonkin Eritt äin verran En lainkaan mielekk ää nä Mielekk ää nä mielekk ää nä mielekk ää nä Mielipidekirjoituksen kirjoittaminen Mielenosoitukseen osallistuminen Ää nest äminen vaaleissa Puolueen tai muun poliittisen järjest ön toimintaan osallistuminen Muuhun kuin poliittiseen j ärjest ö- tai yhdistystoimintaan osallistuminen Protesti ää nest äminen Yhteydenotto p ää töksentekij ää n (esim. poliitikko, virkamies) Kansalaisaktivismi (esim. ostoboikotit, kadun-/talonvaltaus) Vaalikampanjaan osallistuminen Internetin kautta tapahtuva osallistuminen (esim. nettiadressit, -kyselyt, -keskustelut) 136

TT20. Miten aktiivisesti toimitte seuraavissa yhteiskunnallisissa j ärjest öiss ä ja yhteis öiss ä?

Eritt äin aktiivisesti / En ole luottamus- mukana teht äväss ä Aktiivisesti Satunnaisesti toiminnassa Tuottaja- tai yritt äjäjärjest ö Ammattiyhdistys tai -j ärjest ö Kyl ä- tai kaupunginosayhdistys Asukasyhdistys Liikunta- tai urheiluseura/-j ärjest ö Kulttuurij ärjest ö Nuoriso- tai opiskelijaj ärjest ö Maanpuolustusj ärjest ö El äkel äisj ärjest ö Ymp ärist öjärjest ö Vapaaehtoisj ärjest ö (esim. Punainen Risti, Mannerheimin lastensuojeluliitto) Poliittinen j ärjest ö tai puolue Vanhempainyhdistys (Koulu, p äiv äkoti tms.) Muu yhdistys

TT21. Mik äli olette mukana seuraavien yhteiskunnallisten j ärjest öjen tai yhteis öjen toiminnassa, mik ä on itsellenne tärkein syy olla mukana toiminnassa? Yhteiskunnallinen Henkil ökohtainen Vapaa- vaikuttaminen / hy öty (verkostot, ajan vietto aatteelliset syyt urakehitys tms.) Muu syy Tuottaja- tai yritt äjäjärjest ö Ammattiyhdistys tai -j ärjest ö Kyl ä- tai kaupunginosayhdistys Asukasyhdistys Nuoriso- tai opiskelijaj ärjest ö Maanpuolustusj ärjest ö El äkel äisj ärjest ö Ymp ärist öjärjest ö Poliittinen j ärjest ö tai puolue Vanhempainyhdistys (Koulu, p äiv äkoti tms.) 137

TT22. Kuinka monessa yhdistyksess ä olette t äll ä hetkell ä j äsenen ä?

Yhteens ä yhdistyksess ä

TT23. Miten t ärkein ä pid ätte itsellenne seuraavia kanavia seurata ja hankkia tietoa yhteiskunnallisista asioista?

Eritt äin Melko En lainkaan tärke änä Tärke änä tärke änä tärke änä

Televisio Valtakunnalliset tai paikalliset sanomalehdet Iltap äiv älehdet (esim. Ilta-Sanomat, Iltalehti) Radio Aikakauslehdet Ammattilehdet ja -kirjallisuus Internet Järjest ö- tai puoluetoimintaan osallistuminen Viranomaisten, j ärjest öjen, oppilaitosten tms. j ärjest ämät tilaisuudet Tiedotusfoorumit (esim. Eurooppa-tiedotus, kunnalliset tietopalvelut) Yhteydenotto p ää töksentekij ää n (poliitikko, virkamies tms.) Keskustelut yst ävä-, perhe- ja tuttavapiiriss ä ja/tai kollegoiden tms. kanssa

TT24. Kuinka usein tavallisesti seuraatte politiikkaa tai yhteiskunnallisia asioita televisiosta ja radiosta ?

Televisio Radio Päivitt äin 2-6 kertaa viikossa Kerran viikossa tai muutaman kerran kuukaudessa Kerran kuukaudessa tai harvemmin En koskaan 138

TT25. Kuinka usein tavallisesti luette sanomalehdistä...?

Kerran viikossa tai Kerran muutaman kuukaudessa 2-6 kertaa kerran tai Päivitt äin viikossa kuukaudessa harvemmin En koskaan Paikallisuutiset Kotimaan uutiset Ulkomaan uutiset Talousuutiset Pää kirjoitukset ja kolumnit Asiantuntija-artikkelit (Aliot, vieraskyn ät tms.) Mielipidekirjoitukset

TT26. Kuinka paljon tavallisesti (puolen tunnin tarkkuudella) k äyt ätte aikaa päiv äss ä...?

Television katseluun: tuntia

Radion kuunteluun: tuntia (Kuunteluksi ei lasketa esim. radion pit ämist ä p ää ll ä taustamusiikkia tms. varten)

Sanomalehtien lukemiseen: tuntia

Internetin k äytt öö n: tuntia

TT27. Valitkaa seuraavista enint ää n kolme (3) p ää asiallista tapaanne k äytt ää interneti ä? (a) Ty öhön, opiskeluun tms. liittyv ä tiedonhaku (b) Harrastuksiin tai vapaa-aikaan liittyv ä tiedonhaku (c) Ty öhön liittyv ä yhteydenpito (esim. asiakkaisiin, kollegoihin) (d) Yhteydenpito kavereihin tai tuttaviin s ähk öpostitse (e) Juoksevien asioiden hoitaminen (laskunmaksu, matkojen varaus, ostosten tekeminen tms.) (f) Keskustelupalstoilla tms. foorumeilla keskusteleminen (chat, irc tms.) (g) Ajankohtaisten tapahtumien seuraaminen (h) Musiikin, videoiden tms. lataaminen omalle tietokoneelle (i) Verkkopelien pelaaminen (j) En k äyt ä interneti ä 139

Y1. Miten hyvin itse arvioitte tuntevanne politiikkaa ja yhteiskunnallisia asioita? (a) Eritt äin hyvin (b) Hyvin (c) Melko hyvin (d) En kovinkaan hyvin (e) Heikosti (f) En osaa arvioida

Y2. Politiikka voidaan ymm ärt ää monin eri tavoin. Miten hyvin alla luetellut väitt ämät sopivat omaan k äsitykseenne politiikasta?

Sopii Sopii Sopii eritt äin melko Sopii melko eritt äin En osaa hyvin hyvin huonosti huonosti sanoa Politiikassa on kyse ainoastaan henkil ökohtaisen hy ödyn tavoittelusta Politiikka on julkista toimintaa Politiikka on yhteisten asioiden hoitamista Politiikka on kilpailua vallasta Politiikan sis ält öö n vaikuttaminen edellytt ää osallistumista Politiikka on ristiriitojen ratkaisemista Politiikka ei vaikuta tavallisen ihmisen el ämää n Politiikka luo yhteis ön pelis ää nn öt

Y3. Miten suhtaudutte k äsitteeseen demokratia? (a) Eritt äin my önteisesti (b) My önteisesti (c) En my önteisesti enk ä kielteisesti (d) Kielteisesti (e) Eritt äin kielteisesti 140

Y4. Mink ä tai mitk ä seuraavista ominaisuuksista liit ätte k äsitteeseen demokratia? (a) Kansalaisten oikeus osallistua ja vaikuttaa yhteiskunnan sek ä elinymp ärist öns ä kehitt ämiseen (b) Vallank äytt äjien velvollisuus arvioida eri n äkemyksi ä tasapuolisesti (c) Korkea verotusaste (d) Oikeusvaltioperiaatteen kunnioittaminen (e) Maksuton koulutus ja terveydenhoito (f) Miesten ja naisten v älinen tasa-arvo (g) Puolueiden v älinen vapaa kilpailu vallasta (h) Kansalaisten mahdollisuus vaihtaa poliittiset vallanpitäjät (i) Enemmist ön tahdon toteutuminen (j) Poliittisen opposition toimintavapaus (k) Täysty öllisyyden tavoittelu (l) Vapaat, yhten äiset ja salaiset vaalit (m) Tasainen tulonjako (n) Mielipiteenvapaus (o) En mit ää n edell ä mainituista

Y5. Jos arvioitte suomalaista demokratiaa edell ä demokratiaan liitt ämienne kriteerien valossa, mink ä kouluarvosanan antaisitte demokratian toimivuudelle täll ä hetkell ä Suomessa (asteikko 4-10)?

______141

Y6. Politiikassa puhutaan usein vasemmistosta ja oikeistosta. Mit ä seuraavista asioista liit ätte n äihin k äsitteisiin? (Voitte my ös liitt ää saman asian sek ä oikeistoon ett ä vasemmistoon tai olla liitt ämätt ä sit ä kumpaankaan)

Vasemmistoon Oikeistoon

Porvarillisuus Sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden tavoittelu Ty öväenluokka Markkinatalous Julkisen sektorin vahva rooli Globalisaatiomy önteisyys Yksityisomistuksen vahvistaminen Konservatiivisuus Yksityisyritt äjät ja elinkeinonharjoittajat Omistava luokka Tuloerojen kaventaminen Edistys ja yhteiskunnan uudistaminen

Y7. Mihin Te asettaisitte itsenne asteikolla, jossa nolla tarkoittaa laitimmaista vasemmistoa ja kymmenen laitimmaista oikeistoa?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 vasemmisto oikeisto

S1. Maamme poliittisen j ärjestelm än perustana on perustuslaki. Mille seuraavista valtiollinen valta Suomessa t ämän perustuslain mukaan kuuluu? (a) Oikeuslaitokselle (b) Kansalle (c) Presidentille (d) Hallitukselle

S2. Suomessa on k äyt öss ä suhteellinen vaalitapa. Mink ä tai mitk ä seuraavista tekij öist ä liit ätte k äsitteeseen suhteellinen vaalitapa? (a) Kustakin vaalipiirist ä valitaan yksi ehdokas (b) Monipuoluej ärjestelm ä (c) Kaksipuoluej ärjestelm ä (d) Kustakin vaalipiirist ä valitaan useita ehdokkaita 142

S3. Mit ä tarkoitetaan k äsitteell ä vaalipiirijako? (a) Vaaleissa annettujen ää nten alueellista jakautumista (b) Vaaleissa ehdolla olevien ehdokkaiden alueellista jakautumista (c) Tietty ä ehdokasta ää nest äneiden henkil öiden alueellista jakautumista (d) Vaaleilla t äytett ävien edustajapaikkojen alueellista jakoa

S4. Suomessa puolueet ovat olennaisia politiikan toimijoita. Miten t ärke änä pid ätte puolueiden toimintaa seuraavilla osa-alueilla?

Eritt äin Melko En lainkaan En osaa tärke änä Tärke änä tärke änä tärke änä sanoa Kansalaiskeskustelun yll äpit ämien Poliittisten johtajien rekrytointi Monikulttuurisuuden tukeminen Yhteiskunnallisten intressien yhteenkokoaminen ja yhteen- sovittaminen Ehdokasasettelu vaaleissa Vastuu kansalaisten hyvinvoinnista Kansan sivistystason edist äminen Vastuu koko yhteiskunnan tasapainoisesta kehityksest ä

S5. Suomessa my ös kunnissa ja kaupungeissa tehd ää n poliittisia p ää töksi ä. Mink ä poliittisen p ää töksentekij än kuntalaiset valitsevat suoraan kunnallisvaaleissa? (a) Kunnanhallituksen (b) Kunnanjohtajan (c) Kunnanvaltuuston (d) Lää ninhallituksen

S6. Kuka on t äll ä hetkell ä nykyisen asuinkuntanne kunnan- tai kaupunginjohtaja?

S7. Mik ä puolue on t äll ä hetkell ä paikkam ää rält ää n nykyisen asuinkuntanne kunnan- tai kaupunginvaltuuston suurin puolue?

143

S8. Kuinka usein kunnallisvaalit j ärjestet ää n Suomessa? (a) Joka toinen vuosi (b) Joka kolmas vuosi (c) Joka nelj äs vuosi (d) Joka viides vuosi

S9. Mink ä poliittisen p ää töksentekij än kansa valitsee Suomessa suoraan parlamenttivaaleissa? (a) Hallituksen (b) Pää ministerin (c) Presidentin (d) Eduskunnan

S10. Kuka toimii t äll ä hetkell ä Suomen p ää ministerin ä ja mit ä puoluetta h än edustaa? (Merkitk ää puolueeksi SIT, mik äli henkil ö ei mielest änne edusta mit ää n puoluetta)

Nimi:

Puolue:

S11. Mik ä tai mitk ä seuraavista kuuluvat perustuslain mukaan eduskunnan teht äviin? (a) Ulkopolitiikan johtaminen (b) Lakien s ää täminen (c) Euroopan unionin (EU) asioiden kansallinen valmistelu (d) Valtiontaloudesta p ää tt äminen

S12. Valitkaa seuraavista ne puolueet, jotka ovat t äll ä hetkell ä edustettuina maamme hallituksessa? (a) Kansallinen Kokoomus (b) Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue (c) Suomen Keskusta (d) Perussuomalaiset (e) Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue (f) Kristillisdemokraatit (g) Vihre ä Liitto (h) Vasemmistoliitto 144

S13. Kuinka usein eduskuntavaalit tulee v ähint ää n j ärjest ää Suomessa? (a) Kolmen vuoden v älein (b) Nelj än vuoden v älein (c) Viiden vuoden v älein (d) Kuuden vuoden v älein

S14. Milloin eduskuntavaalit j ärjestet ää n seuraavan kerran? (Ilmoittakaa vaaliajankohdan vuosi ja kuukausi)

Vuosi: Kuukausi:

S15. Vaalij ärjestelm ä muuttaa vaaleissa annetut ää net edustajapaikoiksi. Suomessa ää nest äjät antavat ää nens ä valitsemalleen ehdokkaalle. Mill ä tavoin t ämä ehdokkaalle annettu ää ni vaikuttaa? (a) Kunkin ehdokkaan henkil ökohtaiset ää net lasketaan yhteen ja vaalipiirist ä valitaan eniten henkil ökohtaisia ää ni ä saanut ehdokas (b) Kunkin ehdokkaan henkil ökohtaiset ää net lasketaan yhteen ja vaalipiirin paikat t äytet ää n henkil ökohtaisten ää nien mukaisessa j ärjestyksess ä (c) Kullekin ehdokkaalle lasketaan ehdokkaan puolueen kokonais ää nim ää rän perusteella nk. vertailuluku. Vaalipiirin paikat t äytet ää n n äin saatujen vertailulukujen mukaisessa j ärjestyksess ä. (d) Kukin puolue saa vaalipiirin paikoista omaa ää niosuuttaan vastaavan osuuden. Puolueet saamat paikat t äytet ää n puolueen asettamalta ehdokaslistalta ehdokasj ärjestyksess ä.

S16. Kuinka monta kansanedustajaa kuuluu eduskuntaan?

S17. Kuka toimii t äll ä hetkell ä eduskunnan ensimm äisen ä puhemiehen ä ja mit ä puoluetta h än edustaa? (Merkitk ää puolueeksi SIT, mik äli henkil ö ei mielest änne edusta mit ää n puoluetta)

Nimi:

Puolue: 145

S18. Seuraavassa on lueteltu kaikki nykyisess ä eduskunnassa edustettuina olevat puolueet. Merkitk ää nelj ä (4) paikkam ää rält ää n suurinta puoluetta (1=suurin, 2=toiseksi suurin jne.): ______Kansallinen Kokoomus ______Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue ______Suomen Keskusta ______Perussuomalaiset ______Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue ______Kristillisdemokraatit ______Vihre ä Liitto ______Vasemmistoliitto

S19. Mink ä kahden puolueen yhteisty öst ä on k äytetty k äsitett ä punamulta? (a) Suomen Sosialidemokraattisen Puolueen ja Kansallisen Kokoomuksen (b) Suomen Sosialidemokraattisen Puolueen ja Suomen Keskustan (c) Vasemmistoliiton ja Suomen Keskustan (d) Vasemmistoliiton ja Kansallisen Kokoomuksen

S20. Mik ä tai mitk ä seuraavista kuuluvat perustuslain mukaan p ää ministerin teht äviin? (a) Valtioneuvoston toiminnan johtaminen (b) Ylimpien virkamiesten nimitt äminen (c) Presidentin teht ävien hoitaminen t ämän ollessa estynyt (d) Hallituksen ministerien nimitt äminen ja erottaminen

S21. Mit ä puoluetta ää nestitte viime eduskuntavaaleissa? (a) Kansallinen Kokoomus (b) Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue (c) Suomen Keskusta (d) Perussuomalaiset (e) Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue (f) Kristillisdemokraatit (g) Vihre ä Liitto (h) Vasemmistoliitto (i) Muu (j) En ollut ää nestysik äinen (k) En ää nest änyt (l) En halua vastata 146

S22. Mik ä on Suomessa noudatettava valtion ja kuntien v älisen teht ävänjaon pää periaate? (a) Kunnat p ää tt ävät itse kaikista asioistaan (b) Alue- ja kuntaministeri johtaa kuntien toimintaa (c) Valtio p ää tt ää kuntien perusteht ävät, jotka kunnat toteuttavat (d) Lää ninhallitus p ää tt ää alueensa kuntien teht ävät

S23. Nimetk ää yhden eduskunnassa edustettuna olevan puolueen puheenjohtaja:

Nimi:

Puolue:

S24. Suomessa noudatetaan nk. parlamentarismin periaatetta. Mik ä seuraavista kuvaa parhaiten t ätä periaatetta? (a) Kansa valitsee eduskunnan (b) Kansanedustajan tulee p ää töksiss ää n noudattaa ää nest äjien tahtoa (c) Hallituksen tulee nauttia eduskunnan enemmist ön luottamusta (d) Hallituksen tulee nauttia presidentin luottamusta

S25. Suomessa on 1960-luvulta l ähtien k äyty nk. kolmikantaneuvotteluja. Ketk ä ovat olleet n äiden neuvottelujen p ää osapuolet? (a) Presidentti, p ää ministeri ja valtiovarainministeri (b) Valtio, ty önantaja- ja ty öntekij äjärjest öt (c) Kunta-, kaupunki- ja maakuntajohtajat (d) Suomi, Ruotsi ja Norja

S26. Mit ä tarkoitetaan lyhenteell ä TUPO? (a) Tuloveron poistamiseen t äht ää vi ä suunnitelmia (b) Tuulivoimapainotteinen energiapolitiikkaohjelma (c) Tulopoliittista kokonaisratkaisua (d) Tuloveroprosentin oikaisumenettely ä

S27. Suomen perustuslaki s ää telee maamme ulkopolitiikan toimivaltasuhteet. Mik ä seuraavista vaihtoehdoista t äydent ää perustuslain m ää ritelm än: ”Suomen ulkopolitiikkaa johtaa”... (a) tasavallan presidentti yhteistoiminnassa ulkoministerin kanssa. (b) tasavallan presidentti yhteistoiminnassa valtioneuvoston kanssa. (c) eduskunta yhteistoiminnassa ulkoministerin kanssa. (d) ulkoministeri. 147

S28. Kuinka pitk ä on tasavallan presidentin virkakausi? (a) Nelj ä vuotta (b) Viisi vuotta (c) Kuusi vuotta (d) Kahdeksan vuotta

EU2. Seuraavassa on lueteltu joukko eurooppalaisia valtioita. Mitk ä niist ä kuuluvat EU:iin? Miss ä niiss ä on k äyt öss ä yhteisvaluutta euro?

Kuuluu EU:iin Käyt öss ä euro Puola Ruotsi Saksa Norja Tanska Sveitsi Italia Latvia Iso-Britannia Viro

EU3. Mik ä tai mitk ä seuraavista ovat aloja, joissa j äsenmaat ovat luovuttaneet toimivallan EU:lle? (a) Maatalous- ja kalastusasiat (b) Koulutus- ja sosiaalipolitiikka (c) Ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikka (d) Kauppapolitiikka 148

EU4. Mink ä EU-toimielimen edustajien valintaan Te voitte vaaleissa suoraan osallistua? (a) Komission (b) Parlamentin (c) Eurooppa-neuvoston (d) EU:n neuvoston (ministerineuvoston)

EU5. EU:n t ärkeimm ät p ää tökset ovat asetuksia ja direktiivej ä. Mik ä seuraavista vastaa EU-asetuksen m ää ritelm ää ? (a) Asetus on ei-sitova suositus j äsenmaille (b) Asetus on sellaisenaan j äsenmaissa noudatettavaa oikeutta (c) Asetus velvoittaa j äsenmaita, mutta j ätt ää kansallisen viranomaisen valittavaksi muodot ja keinot (d) Asetus m ää rittelee EU:n toimielinten valtasuhteet

EU6. EU:n neuvostossa (ministerineuvostossa) j äsenmaiden yhteenlaskettu ää nim ää rä on 345. Kuinka monta ää nt ä on Suomella? (a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 5

EU7. Kuinka monta edustajaa – ”meppi ä” – Suomella on t äll ä hetkell ä Euroopan parlamentissa? (a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 25 (d) 27

EU8. Kuinka pitk ä on Euroopan parlamentin toimikausi? (a) Kolme vuotta (b) Nelj ä vuotta (c) Viisi vuotta (d) Kuusi vuotta

TA1. Mik ä on t äll ä hetkell ä kotikuntanne kunnallisveroprosentti (vero äyri)?

149

TA2. Kuinka suuret ovat Suomen valtion vuotuiset menot? (a) 10-20 miljardia euroa (b) 40-50 miljardia euroa (c) 100-110 miljardia euroa (d) 250-260 miljardia euroa

TA3. Vuoden aikana inflaatio on 3 % ja Virtasen palkkatulot kasvavat 2 %. Miten t ämä kehitys vaikuttaa Virtasen ostovoimaan? (a) Virtasen ostovoima kasvaa 2 % (b) Virtasen ostovoima v ähenee 3 % (c) Virtasen ostovoima kasvaa 5 % (d) Virtasen ostovoima v ähenee 1 %

TA4. Palkansaajien palkkatulo on veronalaista Suomessa. Oletetaan, ett ä Virtanen ansaitsee 2 000 euroa kuussa ja Herranen 5 000 euroa kuussa. Mik ä seuraavista valtion tuloverotusta koskevista v äitt ämist ä teid än mielest änne on l ähinn ä totuutta? (a) Virtasen ja Herrasen veroprosentit ovat yht ä korkeat. (b) Virtasen veroprosentti on korkeampi kuin Herrasen. (c) Herrasen veroprosentti on korkeampi kuin Virtasen. (d) Virtanen ei maksa lainkaan valtion tuloveroa, vain Herranen maksaa sit ä (e) En osaa sanoa