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Cross-Country Comparison of Substitution Patterns in the European Car Market
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Cross-country comparison of substitution patterns in the European car market Paper submitted to obtain the degree of Master of Advanced Studies in Economics Faculty of Business and Economics K.U. Leuven, Belgium Supervisor: Frank Verboven. Discussant: Patrick Van Cayseele Candidate: Victoria Oliinik January 2007 Abstract AIMS. Using recent data on sales, prices and product characteris- tics of new passenger vehicles sold in Europe’s seven largest markets during years 2000 through 2005, I estimate a demand function us- ing two approaches to the differentiated product demand estimation: the Logit and the Nested Logit. For the Nested Logit model, I use nests that roughly correspond to segmentation used in the automo- bile industry. I then compare substitution patterns resulting from Logit and Nested Logit specifications across countries and segments. FINDINGS. Regression outcomes demonstrate strong evidence of seg- mentation. Consumer preferences are strongly correlated for the most basic as well as for the luxury and sports segments, whereas core seg- ments display more heterogeneity. While car size preference varies across countries, Europeans typically like high and wide cars and dis- like long cars. Engine performance appreciation appears to have a curved shape: consumers are willing to pay for a fast car but at a de- creasing rate. Compared to their neighbors, Germans shop the most for premium brands yet display strongest price sensitivity, whereas most concerned about fuel consumption are the Brits. Aside from a few exceptions, all elasticities are within expected range, substitu- tion patterns vary mainly across segments but follow a similar pattern across countries. -
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LISTA DE APLICACIONES - BUYERS GUIDE 181906 181906 90R-01111/2567 8EMEKRD*ajicfc+ Akebono Qty: 300 Weight: 1.555 136.4x56.4x15.9 O.E.M. MAKE 45022-SZT-G00 HONDA 45022-SZY-T00 HONDA WVA FMSI 45022-T5R-A01 HONDA 24979 D1394-8502 45022-T5R-A50 HONDA 24980 D1783-8502 45022-T9A-T00 HONDA 24981 45022-TAR-G00 HONDA 25672 45022-TF0-G00 HONDA 25673 45022-TF0-G01 HONDA MAKE 45022-TF0-G02 HONDA HONDA 45022-TG0-T00 HONDA HONDA (DONGFENG) 45022-TK6-A00 HONDA HONDA (GAC) 45022-TM8-G00 HONDA 45022-TZB-G00 HONDA Trac. CC Kw CV Front / Rear HONDA CITY V / BALADE (GM2, GM3) 09.08- Saloon (Supermini car-B Segment) 1.4 i-V TEC (L13Z1) Gasolina FWD 1339 73 99 09.08- ■ 1.5 i-VTEC (GM2) (L15A7) Gasolina FWD 1497 88 120 02.09- ■ CITY VI / BALLADE / GREIZ / GIENIA (GM4, GM5, GM6, GM9, GM7) 07.13- Saloon (Supermini car-B Segment) 1.5 CNG Gasolina FWD 1497 75 102 01.14- ■ 1.5 i-VTEC (L15A7) Gasolina FWD 1497 88 119 01.14- ■ 1.5 i-VTEC (L15Z1) Gasolina FWD 1497 88 119 01.14- ■ 1.5 i-DTEC (N15A1) Diesel FWD 1498 74 100 01.14- ■ CR-Z (ZF) 06.10- Coupe (Compact car-C Segment) 1.5 IMA (ZF1) (LEA1) Gasol./el FWD 1497 84 114 06.10- ■ éc. 1.5 IMA (LEA1) Gasol./el FWD 1497 89 121 11.12- ■ éc. 1.5 IMA (LEA3) Gasol./el FWD 1497 89 121 11.12- ■ éc. 1.5 IMA (LEA1) Gasol./el FWD 1497 91 124 09.10-12.13 ■ éc. -
Radio 4 Listings for 29 February – 6 March 2020 Page 1 of 14
Radio 4 Listings for 29 February – 6 March 2020 Page 1 of 14 SATURDAY 29 FEBRUARY 2020 Series 41 SAT 10:30 The Patch (m000fwj9) Torry, Aberdeen SAT 00:00 Midnight News (m000fq5n) The Wilberforce Way with Inderjit Bhogal National and international news from BBC Radio 4 The random postcode takes us to an extraordinary pet shop Clare Balding walks with Sikh-turned-Methodist, Inderjit where something terrible has been happening to customers. Bhogal, along part of the Wilberforce Way in East Yorkshire. SAT 00:30 The Crying Book, by Heather Christle Inderjit created this long distance walking route to honour Torry is a deprived area of Aberdeen, known for addiction (m000fq5q) Wilberforce who led the campaign against the slave trade. They issues. It's also full of dog owners. In the local pet shop we Episode 5 start at Pocklington School, where Wilberforce studied, and discover Anna who says that a number of her customers have ramble canal-side to Melbourne Ings. Inderjit Bhogal has an died recently from a fake prescription drug. We wait for her Shedding tears is a universal human experience, but why and extraordinary personal story: Born in Kenya he and his family most regular customer, Stuart, to help us get to the bottom of it how do we cry? fled, via Tanzania, to Dudley in the West Midlands in the early - but where is he? 1960s. He couldn’t find anywhere to practice his Sikh faith so American poet Heather Christle has lost a dear friend to suicide started attending his local Methodist chapel where he became Producer/presenter: Polly Weston and must now reckon with her own depression. -
The Popularity of the Light Car in 21St-Century Europe
The popularity of the light car in 21st-century Europe By light cars I mean supermini cars, mini or small multipurpose vehicles, mini or small sport utility vehicles and City or minicar’s. In the United Kingdom today we seem to be overwhelmed with even larger Sport utility vehicles ,fancy trucks, and large German saloon cars, This led me to think about at what proportion are the various classes of vehicles on the road in the UK today. I was unable to obtain the data I was looking for the UK but was able to find a couple of sites that were able to furnish me with Data for Europe. One of them was carsalesbase.com which gave me the individual registration totals of cars in Europe for the last 20 years. Another site that gave me total for all passenger cars each year was the European automobile manufacturers association site the ACCO, and between those I was able to compose a simple list of all the classes of cars registered in Europe for the years 2015. Also I was able to produce detailed lists of the various light cars types for the last twenty years. Passenger car registrations in Europe for the period 1997 to 2016 amounted to two hundred and eighty-two million. The total number passenger cars registered in Europe in 2015 was almost thirteen point two million. The various size cars registered is as follows. Large cars 6%, Midsize cars 26%, Compact cars 25% and light or small cars 43% . The light car total is composed of the following. -
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LISTA DE APLICACIONES - BUYERS GUIDE 181583 181583 90R-01111/1064 8EMEKRD*aighgb+ Akebono Qty: 300 Weight: 1.174 116.4x51.5x16.5 116.6x54.4x16.5 O.E.M. MAKE 04465-0D020 TOYOTA 04465-0D030 TOYOTA WVA FMSI 04465-0W050 TOYOTA 23510 D990-7695 04465-0W080 TOYOTA 23511 04465-12580 TOYOTA 23512 04465-12581 TOYOTA 23904 04465-12590 TOYOTA 23905 04465-12591 TOYOTA MAKE 04465-12592 TOYOTA BYD 04465-13020 TOYOTA SCION 04465-13041 TOYOTA TOYOTA 04465-13050 TOYOTA 04465-17102 TOYOTA 04465-32210 TOYOTA 04465-32230 TOYOTA 04465-47050 TOYOTA 04465-52021 TOYOTA 04465-52022 TOYOTA 04465-52100 TOYOTA 86 60 000 744 RENAULT 86 60 004 520 RENAULT Trac. CC Kw CV Front / Rear BYD F3 03.05- Saloon () DM Hybrid 1.0 (BYD371QA) Gasol./el FWD 998 50 68 01.09- ■ éc. SCION Hatchback (Supermini car-B xA (U.S.A.) 09.03-12.06 Segment) 1.5 Gasolina FWD 1497 77 105 09.03-12.06 ■ 1.5 Gasolina FWD 1497 81 110 09.03-12.05 ■ xB 09.03-12.06 MPV (Compact car-C Segment) 1.5 (1NZ-FE) -12/04 Gasolina FWD 1497 81 110 09.03-12.06 ■ TOYOTA ALLION (_T24_) 06.01-06.07 Saloon (Compact car-C Segment) 1.5 (NZT240) (1NZ-FE) Gasolina FWD 1497 80 109 06.01-04.05 ■ 1.8 (ZZT240) (1ZZ-FE) Gasolina FWD 1794 92 125 06.01-09.04 ■ 1.8 Gasolina FWD 1794 97 132 06.01-04.05 ■ 1.8 Gasolina FWD 1794 97 132 06.01-06.07 ■ 1.8 Gasolina FWD 1797 100 136 06.01-06.07 ■ 1.8 Gasolina FWD 1797 100 136 06.01-06.07 ■ 2.0 Gasolina FWD 1998 114 155 06.01-06.07 ■ bB (NCP3_) 01.00-12.05 MPV (Compact MPV-M1 Segment) 1.3 -12/05 Gasolina FWD 1298 68 92 12.05- ■ 1.3 (QNC20) (K3-VE) -12/05 Gasolina FWD 1298 68 92 12.05-06.16 -
VIP Limousines | Mini Vans MPV/SUV Executive Minibuses | Luxury Motorcoaches Our Commitment +31 202 402 300 (24/7) [email protected]
+31 202 402 300 (24/7) [email protected] Skip the line with chauffeur service & Book your ride instantly. Across places, across cities, across countries, across the World DMC Limousines can be your Global Luxury ground transportation provider in over 350 cities across the world, we will have you covered Executive Sedans | VIP limousines | Mini Vans MPV/SUV Executive Minibuses | Luxury MotorCoaches Our Commitment +31 202 402 300 (24/7) [email protected] Richard de Krijger: “At DMC Limousines Worldwide, we always strive to exceed our customers’ expectations and continually improve the quality of the service we deliver. The DMC Limousines reputation is, for more than 33 years of experience, built on integrity, trust and commitment. Quality and concern for our passengers are infused into every customer interaction - in the office and on the road. DMC Limousine services are impeccable, hassle free quality services, delivered by an elite corps of ground transportation professionals working with the finest technology and exceptionally well-maintained premium vehicles.” Every ride must be a Journey – we ensure +31 202 402 300 (24/7) One STOP / SHOP [email protected] CHAUFFEURED AIRPORT MEETINGS SIGHTSEEING VEHICLES GREETERS AND GROUPS TOURS & TICKETS No need to call Online account A seamless transaction multiple sources management under one roof Delivered to you Customized reporting All services quoted and on one itinerary capabilities as needed billed in EURO +31 202 402 300 (24/7) Technology [email protected] Whether you’re visiting our website and making reservations online, or a professional dispatcher is monitoring your flight, DMC Limousines has the technology needed to support efficiency and safety both in- and out- of our vehicles. -
Project # Category
Project # J0101 Category: Animal Biology - Jr Student: Amy Figueroa Grade: 8 G: F School: South Gate Middle School Title: Anemon-EATS My question is, "How can temperature change affect the eating habits of Actiniaria?" In my experiment, I feed Actiniaria in different seawater temperatures. The temperatures were 7,13, and 22 degrees Celsius. My hypothesis is: If the water temperature is lower than 13°C, the anemones will consume more to maintain their body temperatures. If my hypothesis is supported, this will emphasize the importance of protecting the planet. Global warming is not just warming the Earth but it is causing the Earth to experience extreme temperatures. There is a higher chance of consuming plastic with harmful chemicals that were not intended for digesting if they eat more. With higher water temperatures, body temperatures will also rise, meaning anemones will eat less. The independent variables of my experiment are the water temperatures. The dependent factors are my recorded data points which is how long it takes for them to react to food. All throughout my experiment, I kept the food and timer the same so I could get reliable data. I fed and timed them 50 different times in each water treatment. I saw the anemones react quicker in lower temperatures. This supports my hypothesis. A factor that could have affected my results was that some anemones might have not been hungry. I also observed the anemones had a delayed reaction in the warmest temperature. My experiment can be expanded in many ways but this will provide so much information on the effect of temperature change on the eating habits of Actiniaria. -
Financial Aid Explains • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • in an Interview That I Had with Mr
Governors State University OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship Innovator Student Newspapers 1-17-1978 Innovator, 1978-01-17 Student Services Follow this and additional works at: http://opus.govst.edu/innovator Recommended Citation Governors State University Student Services, Innovator (1978, January 17). http://opus.govst.edu/innovator/114 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Newspapers at OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Innovator by an authorized administrator of OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. One Hundred Dollars Reward Cnlyn Greer Robbery of several items occurred at G.S.U. during the Christmas break. The Dean of CCS, The Innovator and Paul Schranz's offices, were vandalized. Missing from the In novator was a typewriter, a camera which was the personal property of a student, a light meter, and a tape recorder. Taken from Paul Schranz's office was $1,400.00 worth of cameras and lighting systems. Strangely enough the robbers did not bother personal property of both professorBracken and professor Schranz. Various items were taken from the Dean of CCS office, including a clock. The robbery is not covered by insurance because according to Richard Strutters of the Business Office, "The state does not allow us to insure equipment." The items taken will have to be replaced from the budget somewhere and this willtake some time." Meanwhile the robberyhas hurt the students because they no longer have these items to learn from. A work-study job no longer exists becauseof damage to a dark room where a student worked. -
2 April 2021 Page 1 of 18 SATURDAY 27 MARCH 2021 Astrazeneca's CEO Faces Scrutiny As His Company's Vaccine, Presenter: Nikki Bedi and Its Roll Out, Comes Under Fire
Radio 4 Listings for 27 March – 2 April 2021 Page 1 of 18 SATURDAY 27 MARCH 2021 AstraZeneca's CEO faces scrutiny as his company's vaccine, Presenter: Nikki Bedi and its roll out, comes under fire. Mark Coles explores the life Presenter: Suzy Klein SAT 00:00 Midnight News (m000tg6y) and career one of big pharma's biggest names. The latest news and weather forecast from BBC Radio 4. The oldest of four boys, Pascal Soriot grew up in a working class area of Paris. He took the helm at AZ in 2012 after years SAT 10:30 Mitchell on Meetings (m000tmpd) in top jobs across the world. One of his first challenges was to The Brainstorm SAT 00:30 One Two Three Four - The Beatles In Time by fight off a takeover from Pfizer. The AZ vaccine, currently not- Craig Brown (m000tg70) for-profit, was hailed as a life saver for millions. But with David Mitchell started the series as a meetings sceptic. Has he Episode 5 accusations of confusing drug trial data, dishonest dealings with been converted? In the last episode in the series, David is joined the EU and safety fears, has the AstraZeneca CEO lost his by Professor Margaret Macmillan to tackle one of history's Craig Brown presents a series of kaleidoscopic glimpses of The shine? biggest meetings - the 1919 Paris Conference. We learn there's Beatles through time. Drawing on interviews, diaries, anecdotes, Presenter: Mark Coles nothing new about management away-days or brainstorming memoirs and gossip, he offers an entertaining series of vignettes Researcher: Matt Murphy sessions - they were being used a hundred years ago. -
Customer Behavior Analysis for the Romanian Automobiles Market
CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR THE ROMANIAN AUTOMOBILES MARKET STATISTICS PROJECT PROFESSOR: DANIELA SERBAN STUDENT: Ciresaru Ana Georgiana GROUP:131 ASE, 2013 - Table of contents - 1. Introduction 2. Presentation of the Romanian automobiles market 3. Methods used for doing the research 4. Case study analysis 5. Conclusions 6. References 1. Introduction 2 With a population of 21.6 million Romania is the third largest market in terms of population in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the 7th largest among the European Union member states. However, Romania is one of the less wealthy nations within the E.U, Romania’s car penetration is still much lower than in Western European markets and also most other CEE markets like Poland or Bulgaria. In terms of car park however, Romania is among the top CEE markets. As in most other CEE markets, the car park is relatively old. 50% of cars are older than 10 years. Since Romania became a member of the EU in 2007, the import of used cars has increased significantly. These imports mainly consist of cars which comply with the Euro 3 - emission standards. Romania is actively trying to prevent a further increase in older used car imports. A government initiative to pay people for scrapping their older cars and buying a new one is helping to boost the new cars market. Financing of cars is well established, with loan financing and leasing being equally preferred by private individuals and leasing being the preferred method by corporate buyers. Financing used car purchases is also widespread. The purpose of this project is to analyze consumer behavior on the Romanian automotive market. -
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.•***l&v —-- dtaworth merican. Honcock Co _ _______ r~ ’1 m _1" r:'p i ELLSWORTH, MAINE, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, DECEMBER 5, 1900. i No. 49 i»uuiiu»rmcniB. LOCAL AFFAIRS. from Bowdoin college; Alex R. Hagerthy, iio&rrti Mount*. from Portland medical school, and w»«« : C. Hattie Mason, from Bangor business 0. BURRELL & NKW A DVKimSKM KNTS THIS WKEK. .SON, college. .Sarah Friend, I sudor L Halman— Notice of The glee club of Bowdoin would foreclosure. college General K.iljah M Topllff—Notice of foreclosure. like to give a concert in Ellsworth during INSURANCE In imi Geo M Tower. AGENTS, krupicy—Kst the winter. Arrangement* may bemad I" K*t Willard W Rich. Burrill Bank bankruptcy- for Bldg., ELLSWORTH, ME. First nailoiiHl hank—Stockholders' meeting. such a concert under the auspices cf Curtis LB&KIK& Moon—Legislative notice. the school. G A high PoWEJEEt Pnrcher— WK RKPRKfl ES r TfIK Apothecary. .1 T (Tippett— Pianos, organa, jewelry, etc. Charles Harriman, of this city, who hss URE Lewi' Friend ft Co—Clothing. been ill with dlnst lii'i i;iolt* IIoDic and < I 'tuple*-—Mit-tea I instruments. periously typhoid fever at the Foreign W Makes the food more Companies. L .Iordan—Undertaker. Victoria hospital, Fredericton, N. B., Is del scions and wholesome Tjawrst Rat'* K F Robinson—Jeweler. with now and oakimq POV/n ?R ('ampatihh Safety. WL'gln ft Moore—Apothecaries. rapidly recovering, will soon be ____R?vaiI CO...NEW YORK. j A tV Greely Jeweler. able to come home. i» C It Foster—Furniture. MONEY TO LOAN to *uit on real estate and Senator Hale improved Cliarles 11 Leland—Fruit and confectionery. -
Small Car Segment Dominates Europe's Biggest Markets 16.11.2007
November 16, 2007 SMALL CAR SEGMENT DOMINATES EUROPE’S BIGGEST MARKETS B-segment is dominant sector in the ‘big five’ markets Ford Fiesta is top selling B-segment model Medium MPV sales up 49.8% YtD Luxury car segment down by 15.3% YtD JATO Dynamics, the world’s leading provider of automotive data and intelligence, today reports that in Europe’s big five markets of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, third quarter volumes are a marginal 0.9% higher over the same period last year and down by an identical 0.9% YtD. The small car – or B- Segment – is the most popular with consumers, holding 27.0% of the market though it has posted a small 0.5% drop YtD. “With Europe’s big five markets down by 0.9% YtD, it would be easy to assume that the market is relatively stagnant,” says Nasir Shah, Global Business Development Director at JATO. “In fact, the market is subject to considerable change thanks to political and legislative changes, economic considerations and the effect of new model introductions. The German car market, for example, is still adjusting to the taxation changes introduced at the beginning of the year.” Segment Trends B-Segment The B-segment has the largest share of the market by a considerable margin, with 27.0% market share in the first nine months of 2007. Its total volume for the YtD is 0.5% less than a year ago, which represents a smaller fall than the total market has experienced over the same period. However, recent months have seen a decline in the segment’s volumes, with third quarter volumes 3.0% lower than the same period in 2006.