1 Introduction – protect and survive

2 Basic construction guidelines

3 Design of Concertainer structures

4 Fill selection and characteristics

5 Preconfigured structures

6 Improvised structures

7 Maintenance and repair

8 Product technical information

9 Trial information

10 Packing and shipping

11 Conversion tables

12 Contacts 1 Introduction – protect and survive HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers nrdcin–poetadsrie1.01 survive and protect – Introduction HESCO oyrpln geotextile. non-woven polypropylene with lined and welded mesh steel coated of Alu-Zinc made system, multi- cellular prefabricated, a is It Military. US the and UK MOD the including world, the around major organisations all military by used are They operations. civilian and humanitarian peacekeeping, military, in facilities and equipment vehicles, of personnel, protection the in used extensively are units Concertainer War. Gulf 1991 since the Protection Force in providing component key a been ® Concertainer ® has ahasadfragmentation. and warheads charge shaped fire direct projectiles, of penetration ballistic against protect to be designed normally will structures Protective required. level protection and of threat specific the to tailored structures, economical and effective provide to configurations various in be installed can units Concertainer equipment. available commonly and manpower minimal using pins filled and joining provided the extended using and joined be units can pallets, or skids timber standard on flat-packed Delivered oprsno ilmaterial. fill of comparison and data on weapon-effects information for required may be material reference More detailed units. Concertainer built from structures to applicable and practices design construction the on emphasis with an guidance, general will guide provide This content. by moisture varied further and be may materials, fill different vary with may the afforded that protection aware be must Users units. Concertainer of properties dynamic proven with the allied properties, and physical mass its a of as consequence structure the fill of the by material afforded is Protection 1.02 survive and protect – Introduction n oslac services. consultancy and supervisory training, provide design, can Ltd Bastion HESCO service. long-term effective continued ensure to required be may maintenance structure, any with As defects. manufacturing against warranty material the existing beyond structures of for failures responsible held be cannot Limited Bastion HESCO structures. of performance the affect may conditions local faith, however good in given is this guide in included information The parameters. structural design normal to given be must consideration structures, protective constructing In

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers nrdcin–poetadsurvive and protect – Introduction rmaMil built a be from can wall long 10m A ee or obuild. to hours seven men 10 take would sandbags 1,500 of wall equivalent An minutes. 20 than less in equipment, material-handling suitable with men two by ® ocranrunit Concertainer 1 1.03 Introduction – protect and survive 1.04

The Mil range HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Introduction – protect and survive 1.05

Using this manual Warning This guide was published in 2010; it replaces all previous Statements presented in this style warn of the danger versions of the HESCO of a particular action or lack Construction Guide for Engineers of action. These statements and the HESCO Bastion should be followed, as Technical Information booklet. failure to do so could result in injury or death. Amendments to this guide will be issued from time to time. Please see the next page for instructions. Safety Statements presented in This guide includes statements this style advise certain on safety issues and information actions or approaches to tasks. Failure to follow the on correct procedure. Examples advice could result in a of how these statements failure of the product appear and what they constitute and/or danger to users. are shown to the right. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Note: Statements that provide general information about an issue or that draw attention to a point of detail are presented in this style, as emboldened text preceded by ‘Note:’. Introduction – protect and survive 1.06

Amendments

Amendments to this guide will be posted at: www.hesco.com/amends

Please ensure that once amendments are incorporated into this document they are recorded as such in the table below.

Amendment record

Amendment number By whom amended Date of insertion HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Introduction – protect and survive 1.07

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 2 Basic construction guidelines HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic adr,we sd should used, when Ladders, - properly and qualified Only - build, as: safe such a ensure to be taken should precautions Simple personnel between collision - elements, the from injuries of risk - back injuries, handling manual - close in working personnel - height. at working - are: present, be may risks that tactical any to addition in of structures, building Concertainer the during health safety to and risks main The taken. are precautions safety and practical health and relevant all that ensure must commanders Task safety and Health otmadb i o purpose. for fit be and and top bottom the at secured be used. when equipment, loading the operate should operators equipment trained injury. crushing equipment/ loading and injuries. heat or cold etc. hands cut strain, equipment. plant to proximity htmyb rsn ntesite. the on present be may risks that the from personnel protect their to place in control measures sufficient have they ensure that must supervisors Site working when positions work - techniques. handling manual - loading moving around safety - work. of methods safe - including: task, the on fully briefed be should personnel All and briefed properly a Provide - the lift only personnel Ensure - organisation. site good Keep - persons of number minimum A - bv rudlevel. ground above equipment. personnel. free from are the equipment for loading areas working that material and fill the of placement correct equipment, loading of the employment correct to is ensure He equipment. the loading for banksman competent to. safely able are they that weight height. at tasks out carrying when employed be should 2.01 nf ms ae upidon supplied have, (must knife - (desirable) croppers bolt - (desirable) bar jemmy small - (desirable) line string - (desirable) measure tape - (desirable) multi-tool - have) (must shovels - useful: are or either required are which items shows basic list following The units. Concertainer from walls and structures building special when for tools need little is There equipment Basic guidelines construction Basic pallet) 2.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic h aeili siprtv that imperative is it from material best the the get to operation. However, simplistic relatively a is walls Concertainer of building The implemented. regime maintenance the and conditions environmental local built, were they well how upon depends units Concertainer of from life built structures service the erected Once of required. level protection the provides ensure it to that wider be to structure the fill require poor may a material of be use may The structure reduced. the of case life this the In fill. a selected of carefully use the and foundations prepared properly more than is important build of speed dictate that however may situation operational and tactical The situations. in use operational expected of “normal” to conditions refer will this publication in contained guidelines The structures. protective economical and create effective to used is simple that a product is unit Concertainer A General ilmtra ssra and spread is material fill - layers in placed material fill - units the of centre bottom - flaps geotextile in tucking - units of joining correct - out, laid units Concertainer - fill appropriate of use - drainage adequate - foundations level firm - construction: the are during steps followed simple of number a iigaon them. around living or working those to a hazard present not do and sound structurally are they that ensure to inspected routinely be must circumstances operational to due manner hasty a in built Structures ute layers further placing before compacted layers for subsequent max 300mm first and for layer depth max 150mm of placed is fill of first 150mm the after out pulled checked level and line Warning 2.03 rnlrfl material. fill a granular with topsoil replace or and organic material all strip to be would procedure minimum the required is preparation Where ground structure. the to support strength a sufficient with of base surface level is relatively a requirement basic most The service. in be is to wall expected the that time design and/or wall conditions, local depend on will level The required. be will preparation site cases most In protected. be to of assets position the the and of threat nature the to response in requirements operational by dictated be will normally built be will structure the where location The drainage and foundations considerations, Site guidelines construction Basic blt ospotloads. support to ground’sability the of measure – Ratio 1 eermtrt seti the CBR ascertain cone to a penetrometer using by can confirmed ground be the of strength The weak is on built be to soil the - place in be to is structure the large. - is structure planned the - when: be may required foundation improved An B,o aionaBearing California or CBR, egto h alt ebuilt. be to wall the the of support weight to unlikely is and months. six than more for 1 . 2.04

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic contours. ground moderate to conform to structure the allow will units Concertainer of flexibility inherent the walls, long For 2.05 Basic construction guidelines 2.06

Foundations - Line the trench with a Local conditions may vary, but geotextile (minimum weight a basic foundation for those 200 g/m2) or preferably a without the resources to design Geogrid1. one can be constructed, as - Backfill the trench in layers shown in Figure 1. with coarse graded fill and compact well. - Excavate a trench 0.5m (1'8") deep, extending at least 0.5m (1'8") beyond the footprint of the structure all around.

0.5m (1'8") || | |

0.5m (1'8") HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Base Fill Geogrid

Figure 1 Diagram showing improved foundation layout

1 Geogrid – adds strength to a weak subgrade and will enable it to support much heavier loads. HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic teghadwl o be not its will retain and will strength on built the is that wall base the ensure will also drainage Correct required. where provided that is ensure drainage to taken care be so must dam effective very form a units Concertainer HESCO Drainage iue2 Figure Wall HESCO uvr iebedding pipe Culvert (optional) mesh welded with fitted pipe Culvert otoldmne seFgr 2). a Figure in (see other manner the controlled to wall side a one of from passed water be allow to to units the placed through be can pipes Culvert ignored. be should not drainage of issue The moisture. excessive by weakened rudlevel Ground 2.07 Basic construction guidelines 2.08

Basic construction techniques - Pull the unit out to its full Whether the structure is a length. Check it is in the simple, single-course wall or a correct position (Figure 5). more complex structure, basic - Adjust the outer walls of the construction techniques are still unit so that they are parallel. the same: - Make any joints or extensions - layout required before filling the unit (see Joining). - joining

- forming corners and curves Note: A number of Concertainer units can be split into two - filling segments whilst still on the pallet. This is achieved by Layout removing the orange tagged pins. This facilitates easier man - Units are delivered to site, handling of the units. flat-packed on pallets.

- Units are lifted off the pallet Safety

and placed in the desired HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers location. Ensure all personnel are properly briefed on the - Concertainer unit placed on correct method of lifting the ground horizontally with and carrying weight. the arrow pointing away from Persons should only lift and carry the weight that the desired direction the wall they feel comfortable with. is to be erected (Figure 3).

- Two men each grasp the end panel and together move in the desired direction. The unit will concertina from the horizon- tal to the vertical and become self supporting (Figure 4). Basic construction guidelines 2.09 Basic construction guidelines 2.10

Figure 3 Joining vertically Place the unit in the stacked units desired location Joining is achieved using the supplied hog rings.

- Fill the bottom unit to within approximately 100mm (4") from the top (Figure 10).

- Place the upper units and pull out (Figure 11). Figure 10 Figure 4 Pull up and out Suggested positions for hog rings HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Figure 5 Pull out and check position

Figure 11

Note: Hog rings should be fitted every 150 – 200mm (6–8") approximately. This would require two hog rings per Mil 2 side panel and four per Mil 1 side panel. Basic construction guidelines

Joining Figure 9 Most walls will require Concertainer units to be joined end to end. This is achieved by using the supplied joining pins.

- Butt together the units to be joined and overlap and interlock the coils on each butted corner (Figure 6). Figure 6 Butt together and - Insert the supplied joining pin overlap coils through the overlapped coils, ensuring that it connects the coils fully and that it is fully inserted (Figure 7).

Note: The joining operation must be carried out prior to placing fill in any of the cells to be joined. Pull out panel centres around 100mm (4") Care should be taken to ensure after fill placement (see page 2.14) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers that units are horizontally aligned before joining. Figure 7 Place joining pins Before filling, ensure all geotextile flaps at the base of the unit are tucked in (Figure 8).

If a single tier is required, filling can start after all units in a run are aligned and joined. Compacting must be undertaken, as shown in Figure 9, for every 300mm (1') lift of fill. See p. 2.14 Spread and compact for the correct approach to filling. Figure 8 Tuck in flaps at base each layer of fill Basic construction guidelines 2.10

Joining vertically stacked units Joining is achieved using the supplied hog rings.

- Fill the bottom unit to within approximately 100mm (4") from the top (Figure 10).

- Place the upper units and pull out (Figure 11). Figure 10

Suggested positions for hog rings HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 11

Note: Hog rings should be fitted every 150 – 200mm (6–8") approximately. This would require two hog rings per Mil 2 side panel and four per Mil 1 side panel. Basic construction guidelines 2.11

Figure 12 Figure 13 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 14 Figure 15

- Line up the upper cells with - Tuck the welded mesh of the the lower ones (Figure 12). upper unit into the lower. Fit and rotate a hog ring enclosing - Locate the top welded mesh the top strut of the lower cell strut under the stapled and bottom strut of the upper geotextile of the lower cell. cell (Figure 14). Make a small, horizontal cut under it and a vertical cut up - Tuck any geotextile from the through the geotextile with upper unit into the lower prior the supplied knife (Figure 13). to filling (Figure 15). Basic construction guidelines 2.12

Corners and curves There are various methods of making corners and curves with Concertainer units.

Where a curve is required, pull out the centre coils on each cell until you achieve the desired curve – see Figures 16 and 17.

Note: Only pull the centre Figure 16 coils outward when creating curved sections of wall; pushing the centre coils inward creates a wall section with less than the minimum protective thickness. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 17 Pulling out the centre coils to create curved walls Basic construction guidelines 2.13

Alternatively, for angled corners, fold in one complete side panel and secure by overlapping the coils and inserting a joining pin (Figure 18).

Note: This method is only applicable to units with a split side panel, such as the Mil 1.

Figure 18 Folding the centre coil in to create a 45 degree corner

Where a right angled corner is required, join two units at 90 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers degrees by meshing the coils and inserting the joining pins, as previously described (Figure 19).

Figure 19 Basic construction guidelines 2.14

Filling It is important that the unit is The filling of a basic Concertainer checked for correct position, wall should be commenced with line and level prior to filling. The placing no more than 150mm diagram assumes that the (6") of material in the order loading equipment will straddle shown in the diagram below. two cells at once.

Note: It is important that the bottom centre of each cell is pulled out after the first layer of material has been placed and spread, as shown at the bottom of the diagram. 150mm max.

End cells HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

End cells

On longer walls centre cells next

Place 150mm (6") of fill in all others Pulling out bottom centre HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic hw ndarmB. diagram as in cell, shown end very the from full recommence the should filling in length, placed been 300mm has Once (12") wall. the full of the length along continue then below and A cell diagram the in at indicated start should layer of this Placement 2.09). page (see foot by and compacted cell manually then each inside spread must be Fill 300mm. depths than greater in no placed be should of fill layers pulled subsequent are outward coils centre the Once Walls, a form top See on pyramid. built be to layers subsequent where top or the layer form top will the they to when filled be should Units seal. a forms unit the the of at base flap geotextile ensures the and that units the of joining This subsequent unit. the the for of allows top the of (4") 100mm approximately be to should filled top on placed another unit have will which Walls ae nti section. this in later o ecompacted. be not need load subsequent a to subjected be not will which walls Stand-alone Note: walls. Concertainer of deformation in result will comply to Failure neighbour. its than material of (12") 300mm than more contain ever should cell No Note: uligHigher Building 2.15 Basic construction guidelines 2.16

Further construction normally be at the centre coil techniques if one is fitted. The coil must be opened at the top and Dividing and shortening bottom to facilitate its removal. It is likely when building walls - Remove the coil by unscrewing, and structures that the counter-clockwise, completely Concertainer unit may have to (Figure 21). Repeat on the be shortened. Units are easily opposite side. modified to suit this requirement. The majority of units arrive on site - Cut the geotextile. Leave a with the in-built ability to be split 150mm (6") overlap if into two. This is achieved by incorporating into a wall (see removing the orange tagged pins, page 2.18). as described earlier. With the - Separate the shortened Mil 1 unit, for example, this will segments (Figure 22). result in two segments: one of four cells and the other of five. - The coil can then be re- inserted to secure the loose Segments can be further side panels if required; shortened simply by folding in alternatively, the loose ends HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers the end cells and securing by can simply be incorporated overlapping the coils and fitting into the wall. pins. This can reduce the segment length by either one Note: If available, bolt croppers or two cell lengths. A unit can can be used to cut the welded be further shortened using the mesh to speed the above procedure below: operation.

- Erect the unit as shown on Note: All of the above methods page 2.09, but do not fill. result in the loss of a cell.

- Open the coil hinges by Shortening the EPW 1 unit can bending at the desired location be achieved by removing the pin of the cut (Figure 20), this will securing the side panels. HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic iue22 Figure 20 Figure iue21 Figure notewall. the into incorporated be should split been has that segment a of end the possible Whenever Note: 2.17 Basic construction guidelines 2.18

Half segments The EPW 1 unit is split by remov- Walls built up to existing ing the pins at the centre of the structures may not fit exactly, side panel and then refastening therefore it may be necessary to the half cell to the end of the split an end segment in half or unit. To add half a cell, remove add an extra half segment to half a cell from a spare unit and the end to fill the gap (see fix it to the end of the unit in use. Figure 23). Figure 23 - To shorten a segment by half, unwind the two centre coil hinges from the end cell of the unit.

- Cut the geotextile, leaving a 150mm (6") overlap, as shown. Fold in the two panels still attached to the unit and secure using hog rings.

- Rewind the hinges, butt the HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers three loose panels up to the end panel of the unit.

- Fasten using joining pins.

To add a half segment to the end of a unit, remove a half segment from a spare unit and fit it to the unit to be lengthened by following the last two steps above.

Note: This method is only applicable to units with a split side panel, as shown. Basic construction guidelines 2.19

Thicker walls Thick walls are formed by placing units side by side. Any width of wall can be constructed using this method.

- Secure the adjacent units at the ends using joining pins (see Figure 24).

- Cut away a small section of geotextile to expose the top welded mesh strut of each side panel to be joined (Figure 25).

- Place a hog ring around the Figure 24 struts and twist the ring to ensure it encloses both struts (Figure 26). Repeat the process HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers for further hog ring connections along the run (Figure 24).

Figure 25 Figure 26 Basic construction guidelines 2.20

Building higher walls The building of higher walls will normally require a pyramid type structure to be formed. This is by far the best means of creating a competent high structure.

- Make sure the ground is level and firm before proceeding to build a tall wall. Figure 27

- Deploy lower units and fill completely to the top (Figure 27).

- Place and join the units for the second layer and fill them completely (Figure 28).

- Place and join the units for the third layer and fill them

completely (Figure 29). HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 28 Note: There is very little vertical joining required on a structure of this type.

Examples of pyramid type walls and possible use are shown on page 2.21.

Figure 29 HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ai osrcinguidelines construction Basic C rprmtrwall. perimeter or ECP yia eiee wall. perimeter Typical eiee wall. Perimeter i 1. 2 3 – 1 Mil i 1. 2 – 3 Mil i 1. 2 – 1 Mil alaon comdto units. accommodation around wall i n i ntp Protective top. on 5 Mil and 1 Mil icatrvtetkit. revetment Aircraft eiee wall. Perimeter i ,8ad9. and 8 7, Mil i 1. 2 3 – 3 Mil 2.21 Basic construction guidelines 2.22

Building multistorey - Lay out, join and fill the lower vertical walls unit to around 100mm (4") Multistorey vertical walls are from the top. sometimes required for a - Place and join the upper unit number of reasons, such as: using the hog rings.

- the desire to present a - Ensure the welded mesh from vertical wall on the hostile the upper unit is inside the side. mesh of the lower unit.

- a high wall being required, Warning but a very small footprint available to build on. Wall height should not exceed two times the base width. Failure to comply The main rule regarding the with this requirement may building of these walls is that result in an unstable and the height of the wall must dangerous structure. never exceed 2 x the width of the base. For example, a wall with a 1m (3'3") wide base Warning should not exceed 2m (6'6") HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers high. Mil 1, Mil 1.9, EPW 1, Mil 7 and Mil 10 should not be stacked vertically. The sequence for building a multistorey vertical wall is as previously described in this section: Basic construction guidelines 2.23 Basic construction guidelines 2.24

Increased stability of Construction planning basics In the main, large rocks or thinner walls stones should be avoided as Due to a number of factors you Fill material during a large blast they may may be required to build a tall, The fill material used in building present a secondary thin wall. In order to increase Concertainer walls has a fragmentation risk. However, the stability of thinner defence significant bearing on the walls’ large rocks have been used walls, various alternative layouts protective qualities. Generally, where the threat has been can be used, as shown. the ideal fill is a sand/gravel mix. accurately defined and there is This offers good construction no risk from secondary For example, if a Mil 2 wall, characteristics, but, more fragmentation. three storeys high, is adopted, importantly, offers a high degree then the wall should be laterally of protection, with little Table 1 provides a brief outline braced by intersecting walls or incidence of secondary of potential fill materials. in-built stiffeners at no more fragmentation. than 3.6m (11'10") centres. Table 2 provides a guide to Fine material such as silt and quantities of fill required per clay do not offer the same unit. It is a guide only and protection and may, indeed, actual figures will depend on require the wall to be wider. type of fill, construction methods They are also not reliable and control, amount of loss etc. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers construction materials. Fill material is discussed in Large clumps of earth should more detail in Section 4. be avoided, as these may damage the unit, as can Note: The figures in Table 2 large stones. account for expansion of the | unit, compaction of the fill and loss of fill.

Maximum 3.6m (11'10")

| Basic construction guidelines

Increased stability is important if The stability of the walls can be you believe the wall may be further increased by the use of struck face on by a hostile “anchor sections” in the vehicle or the wall is close to alignment where space permits. where personnel live or work.

3rd cell is folded in to create right angle

Mil 5 units in ‘zig-zag’ formation Mil 5 units joined at right angles

Anchor unit increases

HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers wall stability

Mil 5 units in ‘lozenge’ formation Mil 5 units joined at right angles Basic construction guidelines 2.24

Construction planning basics In the main, large rocks or stones should be avoided as Fill material during a large blast they may The fill material used in building present a secondary Concertainer walls has a fragmentation risk. However, significant bearing on the walls’ large rocks have been used protective qualities. Generally, where the threat has been the ideal fill is a sand/gravel mix. accurately defined and there is This offers good construction no risk from secondary characteristics, but, more fragmentation. importantly, offers a high degree of protection, with little Table 1 provides a brief outline incidence of secondary of potential fill materials. fragmentation. Table 2 provides a guide to Fine material such as silt and quantities of fill required per clay do not offer the same unit. It is a guide only and protection and may, indeed, actual figures will depend on require the wall to be wider. type of fill, construction methods They are also not reliable and control, amount of loss etc. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers construction materials. Fill material is discussed in Large clumps of earth should more detail in Section 4. be avoided, as these may damage the unit, as can Note: The figures in Table 2 large stones. account for expansion of the unit, compaction of the fill and loss of fill. Basic construction guidelines 2.25

Table 1 – brief outline of fill materials

Very good Good Poor Do not use

Well graded Sand Fluid solids Large rocks sand and gravel (i.e. snow) Concrete Naturally Clay Large clumps occurring soils of earth or soil Organic materials

Table 2 – fill material requirement per unit

Unit Type Unit Length No. of Cells Material Material Per Unit Per Unit

Mil 1 10m 9 Cells 22m3 29yd3

Mil 1.9 3.3m 3 Cells 13m3 17yd3 Load Bearing

Mil 2 1.22m 2 Cells 0.5m3 0.6yd3 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Mil 3 10m 10 Cells 13m3 16yd3

Mil 4 10m 10 Cells 20m3 26yd3

Mil 5 3.05m 5 Cells 1.2m3 2yd3

Mil 6 3.05m 5 Cells 4m3 5.6yd3

Mil 7 27.74m 13 Cells 190m3 248yd3

Mil 8 10m 9 Cells 25m3 33yd3

Mil 9 9.14m 12 Cells 9m3 12yd3

Mil 10 30.5m 9 Cells 66m3 87yd3

EPW 1 33m 30 Cells 103m3 135yd3 Basic construction guidelines 2.26

Manpower The above figures equate to A crew of four to six is ideal to around one minute per cubic support a mechanical loading metre (1.35yd3) of fill material to shovel during filling operations. be placed. The crew-members’ tasks are: On the rare occasions when - unpacking of materials and manual filling is required, it will laying out of units. take four men around 14 minutes to fill one cell of a Mil 1 - joining units. unit. As height increases then - spreading and compacting fill an allowance must be made for material. additional time.

- pulling out the bottom centres This equates to one man of cells. placing approximately two cubic - the direction of loading metres per hour. This does not equipment. account for those persons required to carry the fill to him. Construction Time Given ideal conditions, a basic HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers linear construction of a 10m (32'10") length of Mil 1 will take approximately 20 minutes using one loading shovel and 4 men. This will include removal of the unit from the pallet, layout and placement of the unit, and filling.

The above figure is with fill material close by to the site of use and with a wheeled loading shovel with a bucket capacity somewhere in the region of 1–2m3 (1.35 – 2.7yd3). Basic construction guidelines 2.27

Plant The selected equipment must Many different types of be able to raise the fill to the equipment may be used for required height and place it with placing the fill material. sufficient accuracy for efficiency, safety and economy. The type of equipment selected will depend on a number of factors, not least:

- the type of equipment available.

- the space available to manoeuvre.

- the height that the fill must be lifted to. For lower levels, wheeled front- - the type of terrain. end loaders are ideal, especially - the distance that the fill must those fitted with 4:1 buckets. be hauled. This also includes skid steer HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers loaders. - the type of Concertainer unit being filled.

Safety

Only qualified and properly trained equipment operators should operate the loading equipment. Also, provide a properly briefed and competent banksman for the loading equipment. He is to ensure correct employment of the loading equipment, correct placement of the fill material and that working areas for the loading equipment are free from personnel. Basic construction guidelines 2.28

For higher levels, excavators, Telehandler/shooting boom type particularly those with loading equipment has proved articulated or clamshell buckets, to be very effective and versatile are effective. when loading Concertainer units. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Concrete skips, or elevated conveyor-type equipment have proved successful for filling very high structures. Basic construction guidelines 2.29

Removal A safe system of work must be There may be a requirement to adopted and followed and remove Concertainer protective should include the practices structures. This operation is described below: often undertaken using heavy earthmoving plant to topple the - Working at height should be walls and rip the welded mesh minimised. away from the fill material. While - When cutting the welded this method works, it results in a mesh always cut from the mass of welded mesh that is very bottom up. difficult to handle and dispose of. The following pages, describe two - Wear gloves and protective alternative methods for removal. eye wear when handling cut and removed welded mesh.

Warning - Competent banksmen to be appointed to manage Any demolition work can be dangerous. It is earthmoving equipment and imperative that a safe to ensure the operating area system of work is adopted is kept clear of personnel. and followed, as described HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers on this page. - Ensure dump trucks are supervised whilst reversing.

- When an electric angle The following risks may be grinder or disk cutter is used present during demolition work: it should be supplied with - working at height site-safe electricity.

- premature collapse of structure

- manual handling injuries

- collisions between earthmoving plant and pedestrians Basic construction guidelines 2.30

Removal – method 1 This method uses earthmoving equipment fitted with a demolition grab, grapple attachment, orange peel grab or timber grab attachment. Orange peel - Identify and remove all material and equipment from the area that is not to be disposed of.

- Cut all hog rings by bolt croppers, angle grinder or abrasive cutting tool. Clamshell Demolitiongrab - Cut all units into two-cell lengths by bolt croppers or - Work in a methodical and angle grinder. logical manner removing two-cell segments, but - Ensure all personnel are ensuring that remaining cells removed from the area prior do not become buried in

to using the grab or grapple. dislodged fill. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

- Remove each two-cell length - Surplus fill material may be at a time with the demolition removed from the area by equipment. As the segment is means of a loading shovel removed it should be shaken once the grapple has to remove as much of the fill progressed a sufficient as possible. distance.

- The removed welded mesh - The above process should should be stockpiled at the continue until the site is site for later removal or placed cleared. immediately into a dump truck or skip for transportation to Note: The welded mesh can be the disposal area. recycled where facilities exist. Basic construction guidelines 2.31

Removal – method 2 This method involves removing the welded mesh by hand and is only suitable for low walls.

- Identify and remove all material and equipment that is not to be disposed of.

- Use bolt croppers or an angle - Remove all accessible panels grinder to cut off all hog rings. on a cell, as described in the previous step. The welded mesh of the diaphragm wall (between each cell’s geotextile) should be removed as and when it becomes free. Do not cut the geotextile. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Direction of cut

- Beginning at the bottom, cut the welded mesh all the way up both sides adjacent to the - Use earthmoving equipment corner coils. Then cut the to remove the fill (this will still welded mesh across the top be contained in the geotextile). just under the stapled flap. The removal of the fill, where Continue cutting until the possible, should be carried welded mesh panel can be out cell by cell. removed. - Continue until the site is cleared. Basic construction guidelines 2.32

Removal – method 3

Removal of EPW 1 units for reuse or disposal Identify and remove all material and equipment that is not to be disposed of. This method involves extracting the removable pins from the centre of one The plain end of the Y-shaped side panel, splitting each cell. strap is fed around the cell then MHE will be required to remove joined to the ratchet strap, which the pins. is then hooked onto the far corner coil of the cell adjacent to the one being removed. Tighten the straps, using the ratchet, without distorting the coils. Ensure only the pin on the opposite panel to the ratchet mechanism is removed. After removing this pin, release the HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers ratchet strap, upon which the cell will swing open to release the fill material. All personnel The ratcheted cell-removal must stand clear at this point. straps must be fitted to each cell, in turn, prior to pin removal. The hooks on the ends of the Y-shaped strap are attached to the corner coil of the cell to be removed, 1/3rd from the top and bottom, on the same side as the pin selected to be removed, as shown above. Basic construction guidelines 2.33

Bulldoze the released fill material away from the wall. Continue this process until the wall has been completely removed. Remove the EPW material, and clean, inspect and repair any damaged panels, as required. Reassemble and re-palletise the units ready for transportation or storage.

Plan view of strap arrangement for removal of EPW 1 unit

Ratchet release Strap operator Ratchet HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

EPW 1 unit Pin to be removed Safety The ratchet must be on the side opposite the pin which is to be removed. All other personnel to stand clear before the ratchet’s release.

Note: It is important the area around the cell to be split is free from obstruction. This allows the cell to be opened freely. Basic construction guidelines 2.34

In many instances HESCO Concertainer units may be delivered to site in RAID® configuration.

RAID has been designed to reduce the logistics burden of supporting force-protection missions on expeditionary operations. In some cases double the length of wall can be Concertainer units provided in carried inside one RAID shipping RAID configuration using a container than can be carried specially modified and when units are transported configured 20ft container. using conventional methods, such as the units laid onto This arrangement allows the timber pallets and then loaded easy splitting of the unit if a into a normal 20ft ISO container. shorter length is required or, indeed, breaks and corners are The Concertainer units arrive required. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers on site stood vertically inside a specially modified and configured The deployment of the 20ft container. Concertainer unit from the RAID Container can be achieved The concertainer unit carried using two methods or a inside the container is a combination of each. continuous length for Mil 7 and Mil 10 types and two continuous The first method is to use the lengths in the case of a RAID 1 container as a storage unit. unit. The units are made up of The container is opened up, the five cell segments; each unit pulled out by hand and segment is joined to the next by each five cell segment split from means of two joining pins. the next. The segments can Basic construction guidelines 2.35

then be placed onto a pallet or required for the construction of into the bucket of an earthmoving walls using Concertainer units, tractor for carriage to their the use of RAID can reduce this place of use. This process to as little as two. continues until the required amount of Concertainer unit has Detailed instructions on how to been removed. The remainder use the system are provided of the unit is left on board for with each container. future use and the container resecured. The container complies with all normal ISO standards with The second method is achieved regard to transportation, by pulling out the first 2–3 cells stacking and shipping. of the unit, anchoring those cells and then proceeding to Further explanation on all these pull the container forward using topics can be found on the a suitably sized vehicle, such as HESCO Training DVD. If you an earthmoving tractor or require a copy, free of charge, armoured vehicle. As the please email: container moves forward the HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers unit is pulled out from the back [email protected] of the container against its own weight. Splitting of the unit, to allow the forming of breaks and corners in the wall, is carried out as previously described.

The use of RAID can reduce much of the work which is undertaken on the site of the force-protection operation. Whereas a section of four to eight soldiers is normally Basic construction guidelines 2.36

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 3 Design of Concertainer structures HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers eino ocranrstructures Concertainer of Design etecs,s oeother some so case, the rarely be ideal unfortunately This will all. situation at walls need any the for negate will its form in best and defence best of the means far by is of “stand-off” creation charge The of initiation. site potential the target and the between to distance is put walls defence in aims constructing main the of One otherwise. would been it have than lower pressure significantly blast a be to may subjected wall unit behind Concertainer a immediately building walls a the of instance, For blast effects. the reduce may substantially wall defence a of competent construction the However, devices. from explosive blast larger of effects the against protect totally to a structure build to not, is possible It though, bombs. or shells types of larger from and fragmentation shrapnel and mortars rounds, RPG, cannon fire, arms as small such threats and weapons from protection complete give that and walls design construct to possible is It General f3mte (9'10"). metres minimum 3 a of but as possible be as should high wall blast a accepted that generally is It and shrapnel. fragments from penetration against whilst protecting it, also around and over blast wave the deflect to to attempt target the from and separated long high, be sufficiently must wall the protection, blast some provide To of areas target. all the to the attacker of potential position firing the from line-of-sight the extend interrupt to must wall the protection, ballistic for terms the In simplest assets. and for personnel protection ballistic provide close-in to is walls defence constructing of aim main Another enforce stand-off. to barriers creating means of erected rapidly a proven, provide units Concertainer bunds. earth and barriers portable fences, walls, ditches, unit the Concertainer in of be form can This will required. be stand-off creating of means 3.01 nrae xeinehsldto led has Experience increase. heights the as particularly possible, is stacking configurations of variety wide A solution. the generally is of units stacking walls, higher structure. For protective a in providing solution effective the is most Concertainer size HESCO of appropriate the of single a course applications many For structures. for operational suffice generally will threats. This defined against required materials various of the thickness of terms in of structures design the for guidance provide normally force to protection guides Field fill material. the of characteristics and mass the optimising by weapons of the effects against protection provide structures unit Concertainer travel. to had has it extra distance the to in due reduced intensity have it course, but of wall will, defence the of other side the on at distance re-form some will wave blast The structures Concertainer of Design o uhwalls. such for information sufficient not contain does guide this as sought be should advice engineering competent structures, complex or large very For available. readily be not may which of use equipment, and specialised design their in special care require (16') 4.92m higher than walls that the conclusion to led has height, experience any virtually build of to structures possible is it Whilst walls. larger of the design for guidelines as well as configurations proven of a number provide will Guide Construction the of section This avoided. be should to that as configurations guidelines some as well as use, through proven been that have configurations of number a 3.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers eino ocranrstructures Concertainer of Design vial pc obidon build to space available - unit Concertainer of type - value and layout shape, size, - available material fill - topography - what and expected threat the - a are: of wall design the in required parameters design basic The procedure Design ytoearayi theatre) in already those dictated by be may (this available protected be to target the of to against wall mitigate the want you aspects lmnt risk? eliminate - risk? mitigate - create and up break not - secondary catch - primary interrupt - wave? blast the disrupt - to: wall the want do you instance, be For not overlooked. also should wall achieve the to wish you which effects mitigating desired the to attack, regard be With not overlooked. also should the wall through defence break use to The vehicles VBIED. of large very right to up bombs mortar through arms fire small limited may from This range wall. the for required height and/or thickness minimum the determinant establishing key in a be will This threat Expected fragmentation? secondary significant fragmentation? weapon? the from fragmentation 3.03 ob uhhge oaheethe effect. achieve same to higher much be have to will walls a then in depression, indeed, is, or flat, ground on level is camp the if Conversely, fire. of line of direct line and both sight interrupt to to high it as enable be not the need theoretically wall then top hill the a on of is that protect asset must or you base your if simplistic terms, In design. on wall impact the direct a (topography) have land may the of lay The Topography structures Concertainer of Design nepce ogrsrielife. service longer expected with an structures used building be when must material fill Good same qualities. the protective achieve to of wall width the in increase an may require This available. be immediately ideal not an may case material this fill In field. built the in defences the for is method fill usual available locally of Use wall. of the thickness the will influence available material fill The material Fill ntblt ftestructure. the to of lead instability may fill poor of Use material. fill poor a using when design structure with taken be should Care Safety 3.04

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers eino ocranrstructures Concertainer of Design h oiino h agtin target the of position The - Length, target. the of size The - targets. the of layout The - ways. number of a in height the required and structure plan the the of dictate will target The protected be to Target eurdt rvd h best protection. the provide to be required may walls multiple initiation then of site from possible back the well is target where the cases some a In of device. initiation of site or potential attacker the to relation height. and depth compound. ammunition an of the case in straightforward much more be may or buildings, existing to protection provide to attempting such as complex be may This o emr hn4 1' high. (13') 4m than more be should not (6'6") 2m of a width has base that instance, for wall, A width. base wall’s the for have available you space much how by dictated be sometimes will can built wall be the which to height The on build to available Footprint hn3m. than taller be cannot 1.5m width of base a with wall a instance, For width. base the times two exceed not should wall a of height The Safety 3.05 ieiodo ag hresize. charge large a the of to likelihood due is This required. minimum the as be regarded should walls bombs VBIED and delivered air for heights the However, only. purposes illustration for are suggested structures the of heights The etc. snow be clay, to poor: deemed is material the fill where required is structure substantial more many a In cases threats. specified each the of against the given of is end structure the of example An width. similar a of units grouped with are units Concertainer as guide. a only intended are shown examples the is therefore situation unique, every that should noted It be threats. defined clearly against protect to designed configurations structure typical show pages following The configuration wall of Selection structures Concertainer of Design i .,Ml6 i 0and units. 10 1 Mil EPW 6, 1, Mil Mil 1.9, to Mil 7. applies Mil also base rule the This of top on be used should used, units be smaller can or 7 Mil pyramid of a formation either 7, when Mil height using extra 7 Mil gain To another unit. of stacked top be on cannot directly unit 7 Mil A width. base the times two not exceed should height the structures higher constructing When high. units at two be least must it then complete protection require you high; if unit whereas one be to the structure require only protective will unit structure 1 fire Mil to his able over be still must but protection requires a who example, soldier For attacker. the location of likely and topography protected, be the to account target into taking by upon decided be must defensive structures other all of Heights 3.06

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers eino ocranrstructures Concertainer of Design rmHSOBsinLtd. Bastion HESCO sought from be can of tables use these the on guidance Further specified. threats from the protection guaranteed give structures these that suggest not does in document tables this these of inclusion The worldwide. testing agencies leading other (UK and DERA MOD) by trials and testing extensive from has derived table been Each threats. specific against protection to provide required structures the pages show following the on tables The P units. and 1 10 EPW Mil 6, Mil 1.9, Mil 1, Mil to applies rule also This 7. Mil base of the top on used be should units smaller or be used can 7 Mil of formation pyramid a either 7 Mil using when height gain extra To unit. 7 Mil another of top on directly be stacked cannot unit 7 Mil A Safety hnfle ihpo fill material. poor wall with the filled of when layer top very the through pass may weapons delivered air from that fragments aware be must Users bombs delivered Air hit. direct a if to burst subjected will wall the round, but artillery 155mm a of detonation close-in a of the effects from protection provide will fill with good/good filled very wall thick 1m A Artillery provide protection. to 1.2m of least wall a at require fill will other materials all with filled walls However, warhead. 7 a RPG from protection will provide fill rock with quality filled good wall thick 1m A RPG7 Note: 3.07 Design of Concertainer structures 3.08

Mil 1 H 1.37m (4'6") W 1.06m (3'6") EPW 1 H 2.1m (7') W 1.06m (3'6") Mil 1.9 Load Bearing H 2.74m (9') W 1.06m (3'6") Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.09

Mil 1 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Configuration not applicable for EPW 1 and Mil 1.9 Load Bearing unit

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices

Configuration not applicable for EPW 1 and Mil 1.9 Load Bearing unit Design of Concertainer structures 3.10

Mil 2 H 0.61m (2') W 0.61m (2') Mil 5 H 0.61m (2') W 0.61m (2') Mil 6 H 1.68m (5'6") W 0.61m (2') Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.11

Mil 2 and Mil 5 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Configuration not applicable for Mil 6 unit

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices

Configuration not applicable for Mil 6 unit Design of Concertainer structures 3.12

Mil 3 H 1.0m (3'3") W 1.0m (3'3") Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.13

Mil 3 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.14

Mil 4 H 1.0m (3'3") W 1.5m (5') Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.15

Mil 4 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.16

Mil 7 H 2.21m (7'3") W 2.13m (7') Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.17

Mil 7 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery and Mortars (over 82mm)

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.18

Mil 8 H 1.37m (4'6") W 1.22m (4') Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.19

Mil 8 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.20

Mil 9 H 1.0m (3'3") W 0.76m (2'6") Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.21

Mil 9 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.22

Mil 10 H 2.21m (7'3") W 1.52m (5') Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill

Small arms Single shot

Burst

Cannon HE Volley

AP Volley HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

RPG7

Grenade Design of Concertainer structures 3.23

Mil 10 (continued) Threat Very Good Fill/Good Fill Poor Fill Mortars (up to 120mm) For mortars larger than 120mm use Artillery table

Artillery Up to 155mm in contact

Air delivered bombs

Designs will give a high level of protection against bombs of up to 2000lbs. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

VBIED*

*Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices Design of Concertainer structures 3.24

Selection of the pyramid 4.57m (15') wall with a base configuration width of 2.13m (7'), and a Once the three parameters and minimum thickness of 0.76m the design table are analysed, (2'6"). This provides excellent the length of the wall, its height resistance to ballistic and and its minimum thickness will fragmentation penetration. be known. Once the height and minimum width of the structure is decided upon, a configuration can be designed.

For high walls the most structurally sound design will be based on a pyramid configuration. The uppermost tier must be the minimum thickness required to defeat the specified threat. Upper tiers should not be higher than the lower tiers and Mil 7, 8 and 9. ideally should be shouldered in Aircraft revetment kit. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers by 300–600mm (1' – 2').

Typical pyramid structures Warning A pyramid of one Mil 1 stacked The height of the wall must on a base of two Mil 1 has not exceed two times the become very common, base width. A Mil 1 unit particularly for perimeter should not be stacked directly on top of another. protection. This again provides This wall may become good resistance to ballistic and unstable and collapse fragmentation penetration. causing serious injury or loss of life. Designed specifically for aircraft revetments, a pyramid of Mil 9, on a Mil 8, on a Mil 7 creates a Design of Concertainer structures 3.25

Mil7/Mil 1 perimeter wall Mil 7 wall post attack HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Entry control point Mil 7, 8 and 9 aircraft revetment Design of Concertainer structures 3.26 When using larger units in a single course, a substantial wall can be created very quickly. This provides excellent resistance to ballistic and fragmentation penetration. It also provides a substantial physical barrier. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Design of Concertainer structures 3.27

Vehicle barriers shorter distance, a more Concertainer units can be used substantial wall should be built. in a number of configurations to A wall of 2 cells backed up by form very effective vehicle 2 cells has been shown to stop control barricades. These walls the same vehicle in a little range from single cells used over 5m (16'5"). merely to slow and channel traffic to walls designed and built The complete exclusion of a to completely exclude vehicles vehicle from an area such as a from entry to certain areas. camp, airfield, port or essential services processing area may Concertainer units have been require a much more substantial tested by various agencies as a wall. This will typically be a vehicle barricade. The use that single storey wall of double the barricade is to be put to will thickness or a wall in a 2:1 dictate its design. configuration built from Mil 1 units or 2:2 Mil 3 structure. A common structure built for a Similar configurations to these short term vehicle check point have been tested in the US. is a 2-cell Mil 1 wall. This is The tests were conducted to HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers used to form a serpentine or K12 standards, which is one of chicane and is used only to the highest classifications that channel and slow the vehicles. can be awarded in the US for It is most commonly used vehicle barriers. The Mil 1 and along with additional 2-cell Mil 3 unit have been awarded sections. K12 Certification.

A single 2-cell Mil 1 structure These configurations will prevent has been shown to stop a a cargo-carrying goods vehicle cargo-carrying goods vehicle travelling in excess of 45mph travelling in excess of 35mph (72.4kph) from bursting through (56kph) in around 10 metres into the protected or controlled (32'7") (Figure 1). Where you area (Figures 2 and 3). wish to stop the vehicle in a Design of Concertainer structures 3.28

Larger walls have been built and Further details on vehicle tested to prevent much larger barriers can be provided on vehicles entering areas. Vehicles request. as large as 65,000lb (29.48 tonnes) travelling at 50mph (80kph) have been stopped. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 3 Design of Concertainer structures 3.29

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 4 Fill selection and characteristics HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ilslcinadcharacteristics and selection Fill asn od ntestructure. the clump in to voids tend causing may fact, in shovels and, loading the the from of easily buckets flow not as do they difficult, more clay filling and makes silt as such Fine material handled. easily is mix sand/gravel a fragmentation, secondary of incidence with little protection of a degree Offering high mix. sand/gravel fill a ideal is the Generally, infill material. the of the characteristics by defined substantially are units Concertainer from built walls of defence properties protective The material fill of Selection nptnilfl materials. fill potential outline on brief a provides following pages the on table The blast. large a of event the in fragmentation secondary may become they as avoided should be stones or rocks. rocks and Large stones large can process, as filling the during the unit damage also can Clumps 4.01 Fill selection and characteristics 4.02 Fill selection and characteristics 4.03

Characteristics of fill material

Fill Material Construction/Structural Stability Blast Protection Ballistic Protection

Concrete Generally excellent. Foundation Generally good unless blast Generally likely to provide the Structural Concrete required for long-term stability. results in catastrophic failure of highest level of protection of Lean Concrete the structure resulting in all the materials in this table. Ground Impregnated dangerous secondary effects. Aggregates

Crushed Rock Generally very good with suitable Generally good. Care should be Generally good. Unlikely to Type 1 – Scalping foundation. Stability can be taken to avoid inclusion of large supersede concrete materials, affected by moisture variations rocks which may form damaging but generally better than clays. within the fill material. secondary projectiles.

Gravel, Sand Generally very good with suitable Generally good. Minimal Similar to crushed rock. foundation. Stability can be contribution to secondary affected by moisture variations projectile threat. within the fill material.

Clay Generally only suitable for short-term Generally not as good as the Generally significantly inferior to construction. The moisture content of materials above. materials above. The moisture content the material may significantly influence of the material may significantly performance (increased moisture = affect performance (increased decreased performance). moisture = decreased performance).

Organic Matter Generally unsuitable and should only be Generally not as good as the Generally inferior to the materials Peat used when alternative material materials above. above. Top Soil unavailable.

Other Materials Only suitable for short-term applications Variable depending on the Variable depending on the Ice Concrete (ice bound unless in a permanently cold nature and quality of material. nature/quality of fill. Aggregate) environment. Snow hudwtrenter. material, water fill should the of drainage allows for This water. to be to permeable designed is HESCO Concertainer in used geotextile The water. of ingress the against protection and compaction material, good fill of selection careful prevented by be may effects These durability. stability its long-term or and wall the by offered protection the affect adversely may This construction. after or material material foundation fill the of content moisture the are to above changes the to important As protection. of desired level the greater achieve of to wall thickness a require poor may of fill use the considered. example, be For to have will service life or capability in protective trade-offs event, this in considerations; economic operational or given option only realistic the be fill may poor material a of selection The (continued) material fill of Selection characteristics and selection Fill hudawy eavoided. be always and should problem a are These 0.06mm. than particle smaller a size of weight by than 35% more have which are those soils grained Fine Note: an for period. service extended in be will that those particularly structures, large for highly recommended therefore is saturation against protecting or otherwise fill exposed the Capping sieve). or 75mµ #200 a passing fines (material 10% of contain maximum a to selected fill be that material high (9'10") 3m above structures for It recommended generated. is be to forces damaging lateral potentially and cause large can pressures hydrostatic resultant the heavily saturated if a factor, having protection fill lower wet to addition In 4.04

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Fill selection and characteristics 4.05

Soil and rock in more detail 10m. In most cases once This guide talks generally about treated (e.g. compacted) it will soil and rock in a number of be capable of supporting light areas, particularly with regard to engineering structures, such as its protective capabilities. This Concertainer walls. small section goes on to elaborate a little on the iii) Rock information already provided. Rocks are a mixture of minerals This will enable the HESCO user which are generally high to have a better understanding of strength. They derive this the foundation and fill material. strength from grains of material which are cemented together or The term soil is used for from a mixture of interlocking different material types: topsoil, crystals. Bed rock and crushed soil and rock. These can be rock are very good at supporting broadly defined as follows: engineering structures.

i) Topsoil The person responsible for the Topsoil is the material which is construction of HESCO a mixture of plant material and structures has an interest in HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers weathered mineral debris. It is these materials, since he must generally in a layer between make decisions based on the 150 – 300mm (6-12") thick and material he is dealing with. is not capable of supporting engineering structures. Topsoil Does this material need to be ii) Soil removed prior to construction? Soil is the generic term for What depth is it? Therefore, loose geological deposits which how much good soil must he are the result of the breakdown import to reinforce the of rock. It can be excavated foundation? without having to rip or blast the deposits. It will not normally be found in layers thicker than Fill selection and characteristics 4.06

Soil Soil classification Can the local soil be used to The materials which form soils form the foundations and can it are divided into groups. Each also be used as the fill material group contains only soil which for the HESCO cells? What type is likely to perform or react in a of soil is it? Does the standard similar manner to the other soils thickness of the HESCO wall in the same group. This makes have to be increased due to the it much easier for the engineer local soil being of a particularly to predict what the soil group poor quality? Is the soil going to will do when incorporated into become unstable when subjected an engineering structure. This to variations in moisture content? guide will very briefly explain how to classify soils. The Rock guidance should not be used if Given the demands in a tactical designing other types of long- theatre for construction materials, term or permanent structures. it is unlikely that there will be sufficient stocks of crushed rock Soils are first of all divided into readily available for use in the two groups: coarse-grained and construction of HESCO walls. fine-grained soils. Coarse- HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Therefore, the person grained soils are those with responsible for planning the particles above 0.06mm in size, task must make an assessment forming at least 65% by weight as to which material to use, of all the material present in the based on the logistic effort sample. This material is then required. Large rocks can be further sub divided into gravels used in the construction of the (particle size 2 – 60mm) and foundations but are not suitable sands (particle size 0.06 – for filling Concertainer units, 2mm). The material type is unless it is first to be crushed to normally decided upon by a size not exceeding 50mm. laboratory testing. This entails drying samples and then passing them through a series of sieves. Soils which have a Fill selection and characteristics 4.07

similar weight of material structures. This material is retained on each sieve are said extremely sensitive to changes to be “well graded”; those that in moisture content. A change in have the majority of the material moisture content can lead to a retained on either one, two or dramatic change in the materials three sieves are termed either ability to stand up. A foundation “single size”, “poorly graded” or from this material, which may “gap graded”. The single size have been thought to be sound, would have all the particles can easily collapse with an retained on only one sieve. increase in moisture content, and Concertainer units filled A well-graded material is by far with this type of material have the best for the construction of been known to fail dramatically. long term structures, since this has the most efficient means of The following details a procedure achieving mechanical interlock. that can be used to determine The single size, poorly or gap the quantity of fines in a sample graded material may still be of material being considered useful when working with for use. Concertainer units, and could be HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers used in the construction of the i) Take a sample foundations or as a fill material. - Take a representative sample of the material that you are The particle size of 0.06mm is proposing to use. about the smallest size that can - Estimate the volume. normally be seen by the human eye. Particles below this size ii) Separate the gravel are either clay or silt, neither of - Remove all particles larger which is conducive to good than 2mm from the sample. construction. It is highly - Make an estimate of the recommended that materials volume that you have removed with a fines content of more in percentage terms against than 10% should be avoided the complete sample, eg 15%. when building long term HESCO Fill selection and characteristics 4.08 iii) Sedimentation test construction this initial settlement - Break up a sample of the soil is taken up by compaction. without gravel and place it in a glass container to a depth Each soil or rock has a different of around 25mm. capability with regards to GBC and CBR. The GBC of an - Add water to a depth of igneous rock is very high and is 130mm and shake it well. likely to be in the region of - Allow the sample to settle for 1960KN, with weak clay only 30 seconds and then being able to withstand around measure the depth of the 40KN. settled material. The moisture content at the - The proportion that has time of sampling will have a settled is sand (0.06mm) and huge influence on the results that which is still in suspension gained on the weaker soil types, is fines (clay or silt). such as sand containing more If at this point you believe that than 10% fines. The wetter the the proposed material has more soil is, the lower the reading. than 10% fines then you should However, do not rely on a high HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers regard it as not suitable for use reading from a dry, weak soil as a fill material for a long-term type as this soil will almost structure. Nor should it be used certainly become wet at for foundation work. sometime during the life of the structure, and it will then lose Ground Bearing Capacity strength. This may lead to a (GBC) and California Bearing collapse of the structure. Ratio (CBR) A rock or soil which is subjected The GBC of soils with little or to a bearing load within its no stones can be estimated by capabilities should not show signs means of a cone penetrometer; of indentation or collapse after its this equipment is available initial settlement period. During within various engineer units in Fill selection and characteristics 4.09

the military and is used by some civilian organisations. It will provide a CBR reading which can then be roughly translated into a GBC.

The following table very roughly transfers CBR into GBC; it should not be used for technical engineering designs. The table also attempts to provide guidance as to what CBR and GBC is likely to be required to support a given structure.

Required CBR ratings for Concertainer Structures

CBR (%) Approx Typical Concertainer Structure 2 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers GBC (t/m ) 1 1.9 Single storey Mil 3

2 3.5 Single storey Mil 1

4 6 1:1 Mil 8 or single storey Mil 7

5 7.5 3:2:1 Mil 1 or Mil 7 Aircraft Revetment Kit

7 10 20ft or 40ft Bunker Kit

11 14 Single EOPS Fill selection and characteristics 4.10

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 5 Preconfigured structures HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers rcniue structures Preconfigured ofgrdwihinclude which been configured has sets of off-the-shelf variety A users. operational by identified of requirements number a meet to designed products specialised several provides Ltd Bastion HESCO units, standard Concertainer the to addition In General EC comdto ukr(HAB) Bunker Accommodation HESCO tutrsqikyadefficiently. and quickly structures protective create to tailored components additional the required and units Concertainer 5.01 ur otKit Post Guard material. and roofing joists waterproof roof are the as in set, included are forms port) (firing/observation cover. Embrasure overhead of and (1'6") walls 0.45m thick (2') 0.61m with emplacement small a set provide this of components The post/Sangar Guard structures Preconfigured upidwt h set. the are with post supplied guard the of the assembly for instructions Detailed (826lb). pallet 375kg single weighing a on set delivered is complete The (6'6") headroom. 1.98m of with (6'), (4') 1.8m 1.22m by is space interior The 5.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Preconfigured structures 5.03

Personnel and material bunkers highly recommended that an Bunker sets have been escape hatch be provided by developed to utilise 40ft and cutting a hole in the other end 20ft ISO containers. Walls are from the container doors. constructed using reinforced Mil 1 sections of preconfigured Sea containers are not provided lengths providing a wall with the sets. Detailed instructions thickness of 1.09m. The roof for the assembly of the bunker design provides 0.61m (2') of are included with the kit. overhead cover. Material bunkers provide access from The Concertainer units used for one end of the bunker, while the lower layers of the walls are personnel bunkers provide specially designed for this access from both ends. application and therefore have a higher bearing capacity than For personnel bunkers using a a standard unit. standard sea container, it is HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

20' Bunker Kit Preconfigured structures 5.04

Containerised bunker kit Note: Although ISO containers A containerised kit has been are not absolutely necessary developed which offers an when building bunkers, they effective means of transporting do provide enhanced all the components required to protection, by acting as a construct a bunker. The spall liner. If properly specially modified ISO container ventilated, they provide has a fully opening side, excellent environmental facilitating rapid deployment of protection to the occupants. all components. The container also comes complete with a prefabricated personnel door and a rear escape hatch, both of which can be opened from the inside.

A single container can carry the component parts for an additional two bunkers (this does not include the sea HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers containers for the additional two bunkers). Preconfigured structures 5.05 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Containerised Bunker Kit Preconfigured structures 5.06

HESCO Accommodation A comprehensive tool kit is also Bunker (HAB) provided to ensure that those HAB has been developed by constructing the bunker have HESCO Bastion Ltd as a result such tools as string lines, tape of the ever increasing threat to measures and spirit levels. deployed personnel from indirect fire weapons. Two bunkers can be built in two days by one section of soldiers The bunker is designed to provide assisted by a loading shovel. safe living accommodation for The bunker can be fitted out for up to eight persons, giving each air conditioning, heating and person a space of around 2m other services by using the (6'6") square. There is up to factory formed aperture placed 2.16m (7') of headroom inside at one end. the bunker. A HAB has a footprint of 12.4m HAB will provide protection (40'8") long and 6.2m (20'4") from weapons systems up to wide and an overall height of and including large mortar around 3.5m. rounds. It has side walls formed HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers from Mil 6 Concertainer units If a larger accommodation unit and a specifically engineered is required then HAB can be roof structure to combat the joined end to end to form a effects of indirect fire weapons. longer unit.

It is provided in kit form and is Hab is also used for Forward delivered in wooden crates. Aid Posts, dining facilities, These crates hold all the command posts and welfare components for the bunker and, facilities. indeed, form part of the structure themselves. Everything required is provided in the kit apart from the fill material. Preconfigured structures 5.07

HESCO Accomodation Bunker (HAB) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

HAB interior Preconfigured structures 5.08

Extended Overhead the local market; they can Protection System (EOPS) though be purchased from HESCO Bastion Ltd have HESCO Bastion Ltd, if required. developed a system designated as the “EOPS”. This system The system can also be provides side and overhead adapted to provide overhead protection for extended widths. protection for more than one One cabin that can be protected cabin under a common roof. typically measures in excess of This system of having a number 7m (22'11") wide. EOPS will give of containers under one protection from munitions common roof is ideal where a detonating in contact with the large linked structure is required roof with explosive payloads in such as a field hospital, large excess of 20kg (it will not provide command post or dining facility. protection against munitions fitted with a delay fuse). Further guidance and advice on the construction of EOPS can The EOPS typically takes two be obtained from HESCO and a half days to construct Bastion Ltd on application. and is formed from a number of HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers component parts. The parts that Note: The container system are supplied by HESCO Bastion being used must comply with Ltd are the Concertainer units ISO standards with regard to and the specially manufactured load bearing. weight bearing locating cups which transfer the roof load onto the container structure.

It is expected that the users will procure the remainder of the components consisting of steel sheet piles, sheet steel etc from Preconfigured structures 5.09

Extended Overhead Protection System (EOPS) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

EOPS locating cup Preconfigured structures 5.10

HESCO Lightweight Bunker Each roof is 5m (16'4") long when Roof (HLBR) built and can be easily extended HLBR has been developed by by the addition of further kits. HESCO Bastion Ltd to provide The roof kit is supplied in one a lightweight protective roof wooden crate and can be solution in those areas under assembled by four men in less threat from IDF weapons. than five hours. Like the HAB, the roof kit is supplied with a The HLBR is designed to be comprehensive tool kit. built on existing walls, be they HESCO, concrete, brick or block Other preconfigured work. The minimum requirements structures of the walls are that they must In addition to those sets not be more than 3.3m (10'10") developed and configured by apart, must have a minimum HESCO Bastion, several bearing area of 0.2m (8") and preconfigured sets have been must be capable of supporting developed by, for example, the weight of the completed Engineer Research and roof – approximately 25 tonnes Development Centre for the (55,000lb). The HLBR is US Army. These kits are generally HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers designed to provide protection similar to those developed by from large mortar rounds and HESCO Bastion Ltd. has been tested accordingly. Preconfigured structures 5.11

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 6 Improvised structures HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers mrvsdstructures Improvised odcntuto practices, construction to good adherence the operational survivability, For sound. is structure that a creating in be exercised must care designing, When structures. different many of construction rapid the enable pins joining using provided units the join easily to the ability and units Concertainer of shape regular The mrvsdgadpost guard Improvised ie eingieie,for example. guidelines, design gives field manual Army US safe The and structures. effective in result will publications, training and doctrine military current in included those as such guidelines, appropriate of application the and earlier, described M513Survivability 5-103 FM 6.01 mrvsdbunker Improvised position Security application. on Ltd by Bastion provided HESCO be can etc design structure roof to appertaining information Technical structures Improvised 6.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Improvised structures 6.03

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 7 Maintenance and repair HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers aneac n repair and Maintenance at rmuue units. unused from parts cannibalising by gained can be material repair Alternately (6) multi-tool - (5) rings hog - (4) geotextile - (3) pins - (2) coils - (1) panels mesh welded - of: for consists repair required material general, In the occurred. before damage was as it be as again competent once will out wall the carried been once have cases repairs of majority the damage. In the of extent and nature the on depending adopted technique the with techniques available, repair of number are a There accidental damage. or mechanical attack of as result a required be may structures Concertainer to Repairs procedure Repair (1) n fiin manner. efficient and economical an in be completed to repairs these all of allows units the Concertainer of design modular The wall. of sections of complete replacement or to repair the geotextile torn of minor repair from range may Repairs (5) (4) (6) 7.01 (2) (3) Maintenance and repair 7.02

Minor repair It is very rare for a complete unit or cell to require replacement, but more common for an exterior panel to have suffered some damage. This can be repaired by the application of a repair panel or a small section of panel if cannibalising materials from unused units. Typical damage caused by Measure the size of repair patch a rocket. required (Figure 1) and decide whether to apply a patch over - Secure the left side to the the damaged area, or apply a existing wall by means of a complete panel. coil coiled through the patch and the existing cell panel For a small patch (Figure 3).

- Cut an oversize patch from - Place the cut geotextile

the repair panel or behind the welded mesh HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers cannibalised unit. patch ensuring the 150mm (6") overlap is folded within the - Cut two coils to the patch’s welded mesh patch (Figure 4). depth (Figure 2). - Close the welded mesh patch - Cut a geotextile patch. Leave over the area of repair, then a generous overlap – 150mm wind in the right-hand coil (6") all round is generally (Figure 5). sufficient (Figure 2). - Refill or top up the fill in the - Place the welded mesh patch unit, as necessary. over the damaged area. HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers aneac procedure Maintenance iue5 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figure iue2 Figure iue4 Figure 7.03 ob fitted. pin be to joining a be and to overlapped coils the panel enable repair to the of length increase the to coils to additional necessary fit be may It Note: the complete to unit the Refill - tight. panel repair the Close - on patch geotextile the Place - side one on coil the Interlink - the of sides both to coils Fit - 6). (Figure on sides larger all (6") of 150mm piece geotextile a and pins two joining coils, the two to size, panel correct size full a Obtain panel complete a For repair and Maintenance ear(iue10). (Figure repair pin 9). a (Figure fit and side the opposite on coil the Interlink overlap 8). (6") (Figure 150mm the and in panel fold repair the of inside 7). (Figure pin joining unit a existing fit the and of coil the with 6). (Figure panel repair iue7 Figure 6 Figure 7.04

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers aneac n repair and Maintenance iue10 Figure 8 Figure iue9 Figure 7.05 Maintenance and repair 7.06

Complete replacement - Place new cells (Figure 13). The complete replacement of - Insert joining pins and fit hog cells will only normally be rings to secure the new units required when a substantial (Figure 14). amount of damage has been incurred. - Place fill and compact in the normal manner (Figure 15). - Cut away damaged panels (Figure 11). Note: Additional coils may be required (see note on - Remove all loose fill page 7.04). (Figure 12). HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 11 Maintenance and repair 7.07

Figure 12 Figure 13 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 15

Figure 14 Maintenance and repair 7.08

Reinforcement In this technique, new cells are established alongside the damaged section (Figure 16). Where damage has been incurred in the upper layers of a multi-layer structure, it may be necessary to build a buttress (Figure 17). This is a quick and efficient repair method but relies on the availability of ground to increase the size of the structure’s footprint. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

Figure 16

Figure 17 Maintenance and repair 7.09

Capping Protection against ultraviolet For structures which are radiation expected to have a long service The geotextile used in HESCO life, are in wind-affected areas Concertainer is susceptible to or are adjacent to aircraft the effects of UV radiation after operating surfaces, it is a period of prolonged exposure. important that loss of fill material is prevented. This can The manufacturer of the be achieved by a number of geotextile has carried out a raft means: of development work. This has resulted in a geotextile that has - Fill material should be shaped a design life of five years, with and sufficiently compacted to no planned maintenance allow moisture to run off. required for the first two years.

- The structure can be covered One of the problems with trying by tarpaulins or other to predict the effects of UV is waterproof membranes. that it varies considerably from - A lean mix concrete or region to region and can, in fact, cement bound material can differ within the same region. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers be used as the final layer. There are, of course, a number of other issues which affect the - Where fine sand has been severity of any degradation that used as the bulk fill and is may occur: susceptible to being blown out by the wind, then a slightly - fill material used in the cells coarser aggregate can be used to cap the cells. - orientation of the units to the sun

- the level of fill within the unit Maintenance and repair 7.10

General advice How to protect Our advice to all users of HESCO There a number of ways to Concertainer units is that if you protect the geotextile from the believe the material is to be in effects of UV radiation service for more than two years generated by the sun: then you should apply a protective layer. This is the - the application of a protective same principle as applying coating, such as UV CAM, termite treatment to a timber cement slurry or paint home in the USA. - covering the structure with a sacrificial layer of material Protection can be applied at the two year point, this alleviates - the planting of foliage to the problem of trying to predict provide shade how long the base or mission - the use of specialist HESCO will last when carrying out the units which do not have an initial build. exposed geotextile face

Application of protective HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers coatings The application of a protective coating, such as UV CAM, cement slurry or, indeed, paint (water-based emulsion), is likely to extend the life span of the geotextile to 10 years or more. With maintenance, the life is likely to be much longer.

A sprayer such as a stucco gun (texture gun) connected to a 7.5 cu ft/m compressor is ideal Maintenance and repair 7.11

for the application of UV Cam, cement slurry or paint. UV Cam, cement slurry or paint can also be applied by brush or roller.

UV CAM is supplied in 25 litre drums. One litre will cover 5m2 (5.98yd2). It can be sourced direct from HESCO Bastion Ltd.

Cement slurry is simply a mixture of cement powder and water. It is mixed to a strength of approximately 1:1 but this can be adjusted to suit whatever application method is being used. Sand can also be added if desired. The unit to be coated is often wetted prior to the application of the slurry; this HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers prevents the slurry from drying out too quickly. 5mm Notes repair and Maintenance 7.12

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers 8 Product technical information HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers rdc ehia information technical Product alsa h n fti section. this of end the the at with tables conjunction in read to be specifications product basic provide pages following The requirements. wide protective a of range for solution provide optimum to the wall the tailor more to easily him allowing flexibility, with engineer protection force the provides of sizes range of The variety sizes. a differing in available is Concertainer unit the of design The General 8.01 Product technical information 8.02

Mil 1

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.37m 1.06m 10m Mil1B* 5680-99-835-7866 (4'6") (3'6") (32') Mil1G* 5680-99-001-9396 *B=Beige G=Green

9 cells (1x5, 1x4) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers rdc ehia information technical Product 7)('" (108') 33m (3'6") Length 1.06m (7') Width 2.1m Height P 1 EPW P1 Pending Pending EPW1G Number EPW1B Stock Code Unit 0cls(6x5) cells 30 l ie ofr oB 02 l-iccaig r oB N124-2. - 10244 EN nominal. / dimensions BS All to are coatings Alu-Zinc 1052. BS to conform wires All fire. hostile to force construction the for of specifically exposure designed reducing is erection, 1 rapid EPW The structures barriers. the flood-protection soil-retaining including and barriers, uses, and of walls range protective wide other of a and construction rock fulfils crushed unit gravel, The unit sand, materials. The earth, granular gabion. with earth-filled filling an for suitable as is use general for unit geotextile-lined A Product technical information 8.03 Product technical information 8.04

Mil 1.9 Load Bearing Unit Mil 2

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 2.74m 1.06m 3.18m Mil1.9B Pending 0.61m 0.61m 1.22m Mil2B 5680-99-968-1764 (9') (3'6") (10'6") Mil1.9G Pending (2') (2') (4') Mil2G 5680-99-001-9397

3 cells (1x3) 2 cells (1x2) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit designed specifically for load-bearing applications. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other and load-bearing structures. The Mil 1.9 Load Bearing Unit is designed to granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the support a load of 4,000lb per linear foot (5 tonnes per metre). It is therefore construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures ideal for use in the construction of structures involving overhead loads. and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2. All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.04

Mil 2

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 0.61m 0.61m 1.22m Mil2B 5680-99-968-1764 (2') (2') (4') Mil2G 5680-99-001-9397

2 cells (1x2) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.05

Mil 3

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.0m 1.0m 10m Mil3B 5680-99-001-9392 (3'3") (3'3") (32') Mil3G 5680-99-001-9398

10 cells (2x5) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.06

Mil 4

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.0m 1.5m 10m Mil4B 5680-99-001-9393 (3'3") (5') (32') Mil4G 5680-99-001-9399

10 cells (2x5) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.07

Mil 5

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 0.61m 0.61m 3.05m Mil5B 5680-99-001-9394 (2') (2') (10') Mil5G 5680-99-001-9400

5 cells (1x5) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.08

Mil 6

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.68m 0.61m 3.05m Mil6B Pending (5'6") (2') (10') Mil6G Pending

5 cells (1x5) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers. An ideal unit for protective structures around tented or other soft-skinned accommodation.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers 73)(' (90') (7') 27.74m Length 2.13m (7'3") Width 2.21m Height information technical Product i 7 Mil i7 5680-99-126-3716 5680-99-169-0183 Mil7G Number Mil7B Stock Code Unit l ie ofr oB 02 l-iccaig r oB N124-2. - 10244 EN nominal. / dimensions BS All to are coatings Alu-Zinc 1052. BS to conform wires All structures barriers. the flood-protection soil-retaining including and barriers, uses, and of walls range protective wide other of a and construction rock fulfils crushed unit gravel, The unit sand, materials. The earth, granular gabion. with earth-filled filling an for suitable as is use general for unit geotextile-lined A 2x4) (1x5, cells 13 Product technical information 8.09 Product technical information 8.10

Mil 8 Mil 9

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.37m 1.22m 10m Mil 8B 5680-99-335-4902 1.0m 0.76m 9.14m Mil 9B 5680-99-563-5949 (4'6") (4') (32') Mil 8G 5680-99-517-3281 (3'3") (2'6") (30') Mil 9G 5680-99-052-0506

12 cells (2x6) 9 cells (1x5, 1x4) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers. and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2. All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.10

Mil 9

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 1.0m 0.76m 9.14m Mil 9B 5680-99-563-5949 (3'3") (2'6") (30') Mil 9G 5680-99-052-0506

12 cells (2x6) HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information

Mil 10

Height Width Length Unit Code Stock Number 2.21m 1.52m 30.5m Mil 10B 5680-99-391-0852 (7'3") (5') (95') Mil 10G 5680-99-770-0326 HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers

20 cells (4x5)

A geotextile-lined unit for general use as an earth-filled gabion. The unit is suitable for filling with earth, sand, gravel, crushed rock and other granular materials. The unit fulfils a wide range of uses, including the construction of protective walls and barriers, soil-retaining structures and flood-protection barriers.

All wires conform to BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings are to BS / EN 10244 - 2.

All dimensions nominal. Product technical information 8.11 Product technical information 8.12

Training units The table below gives technical HESCO Mil 1, and Mil 3 units data for the geotextile used in are ideal for training purposes. all HESCO Concertainer products. These standard units have Geotextile technical data pinned joints on each of the side walls. This allows the filled Property Test Method Typical Value MARV units to be split by extracting Physical successive pins, allowing the fill Mass/Unit Area ASTM D5261 220 g/m2 203 g/m2 Thickness ASTM D5199 1.45 mm 1.04 mm material to fall away. Mechanical Grab Tensile Strength (md)1 ASTM D4632 756 N 580 N The pins are then replaced, Grab Tensile Strength (cd)2 ASTM D4632 890 N 710 N reassembling the units for Grab Elongation (md) ASTM D4632 65% 50% re-use. It is recommended that Grab Elongation (cd) ASTM D4632 70% 50% Wide Width Tensile a single sized sand gravel is Strength (md) ASTM D4595 13 kN/m 8 kN/m used as a fill material. Wide Width Tensile Strength (cd) ASTM D4595 16 kN/m 12 kN/m Wide Width Elongation (md) ASTM D4595 50% 35% Wide Width Elongation (cd) ASTM D4595 50% 35% Static (CBR) Puncture ASTM D6241 2447 N 2000 N

Hydraulic HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Apparent Opening Size (AOS)3 ASTM D4751 0.15 mm 0.21 mm Permittivity ASTM D4491 2.00 sec-1 1.30 sec-1 Permeability ASTM D4491 0.40 cm/sec 0.24 cm/sec Water Flow Rate ASTM D4491 6111 l/min/m2 4075 l/min/m2

1 md = machine direction. 2 cd = cross direction. 3 For AOS, smaller numbers are more desirable. The MARV in this case indicates Maximum Average Roll Value.

The values given above are indicative and correspond to average results obtained in our suppliers' laboratories and in testing institutes. The right is reserved to make changes without notice at any time. n ntsigisiue.Tergti eevdt aecagswtotntc taytime. any at notice without changes laboratories make suppliers' to our reserved in is obtained right results The average institutes. to testing correspond in and and indicative are above given values The 3 1 Rate Flow Water Permeability (AOS) Size Opening Apparent Hydraulic (md) Strength Tensile Grab Mechanical Thickness Area Mass/Unit Physical Property products. Concertainer in HESCO used all geotextile the for technical data gives below table The information technical Product Permittivity 50% 50% 70% D4632 ASTM 65% D4632 ASTM Tensile Width Wide (cd) Elongation Grab (md) Elongation Grab (cd) Strength Tensile Grab ieWdhTensile Width Wide ttc(B)Pntr SMD2124 00N 2000 35% N 2447 35% D6241 ASTM 50% D4595 ASTM 50% Puncture (CBR) Static D4595 (cd) ASTM Elongation Width Wide (md) Elongation Width Wide etxietcncldata technical Geotextile d=mciedirection. machine = md o O,salrnmesaemr eial.TeMR nti aeidctsMxmmAeaeRl Value. Roll Average Maximum indicates case this in MARV The desirable. more are numbers smaller AOS, For tegh(md) Strength tegh(cd) Strength 2 d=cosdirection. cross = cd 2 1 3 SMD4104 msc02 cm/sec 0.24 cm/sec 0.40 D4491 ASTM mm 1.04 mm 1.45 D5199 g/m ASTM 220 D5261 ASTM SMD7101 m02 mm 0.21 mm 0.15 D4751 ASTM N 710 N 580 N 890 D4632 N ASTM 756 D4632 ASTM SMD4120 sec 2.00 D4491 ASTM SMD551 Nm8kN/m 8 kN/m 13 D4595 ASTM SMD551 Nm1 kN/m 12 kN/m 16 D4595 ASTM SMD4161 l/min/m 6111 D4491 ASTM etMto yia au MARV Value Typical Method Test 2 -1 2 0 g/m 203 05l/min/m 4075 sec 1.30 2 -1 8.12 2

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Product technical information 8.13

The table below gives technical Note: All wires conform to data for the welded mesh used BS 1052. Alu-Zinc coatings in all HESCO Concertainer are to BS/EN 10244-2. products.

Welded mesh technical data

Property 3" x 3" x 4mm wire 3" x 3" x 5mm wire

Steel 0.10% Carbon Max 0.10% Carbon Max Properties Mild Steel Mild Steel (6.50mm base rod) (5.50mm base rod) Coating Weight Zinc / Aluminium Zinc / Aluminium (g/m2) 145 min 145 min Wire Tensile 540 – 770 540 – 770 (N/mm2) Mesh Tensile 70% of Wire tensile 70% of Wire tensile (N/mm2) Tolerance Wire (un-coated) 3.89 / 3.91mm 4.9 / 4.92mm Wire (coated) 3.92 / 4.00mm 4.92 / 5.00mm Panel +/- 3mm on length +/- 3mm on length +/- 3mm on width +/- 3mm on width

HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers +/- 2mm on mesh spacing +/- 2mm on mesh spacing Panel 39” x 39” +/- 3mm max 87” x 42” +/- 6mm max Squareness 54” x 21” +/- 3mm max 87” x 60” +/- 6mm max 54” x 42” +/- 5mm max 87” x 30” +/- 6mm max 24” x 24” +/- 3mm max 87” x 84” +/- 8mm max 66” x 24” +/- 3mm max Panel Flatness 39” x 39” +/- 12mm max 25mm max 54” x 21” +/- 12mm max 54” x 42” +/- 16mm max 24” x 24” +/- 12mm max 66” x 24” +/- 12mm max

Elongation Approx 5% Approx 5%

The values given above are indicative and correspond to average results obtained in our suppliers' laboratories and in testing institutes. The right is reserved to make changes without notice at any time. Product technical information 8.14

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 9 Trial information HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ra information Trial ularexplosives air fuel - and plastic conventional - bombs delivered air - 155mm) and 152 (122, artillery 120mm) - and 82 (81, mortars - grenades - and 7 (RPG charges shaped - including 40mm – (20 cannon - AP) 14.5mm – (5.56 arms small - include: units against HESCO tested systems Weapon protection. force and effects blast of containment mitigation, blast the of in field authorities test world- leading by conducted been testing has This worldwide. of testing array huge a undergone have units Concertainer General devices explosive improvised borne vehicle including charges, bare explosive made home 82) Mk (US 18) RPG rod) long and AP HE, ato QinetiQ. of now part is Fortifications DRA Trials Team. Infantry Army the British by and agency) MOD research (UK section, Fortifications (DRA) Agency Research the Defence by conducted were These tests munitions. arms range small wide of a against subjected testing then to was it military 1991; in British the to first was introduced unit Concertainer The Testing application. on be obtained may information Further document. this of wider circulation a allow to been omitted has data critical some Therefore, Act. the Secrets to Official subject British still the is of MOD case the in Authorities and Military by owned information is test of majority The Limitations date. to 1990s early the from units, Concertainer on out testing carried the to of is some section summarise this of aim The Aim 9.01 yHESCO. by the manufactured is unit thick smallest (2') 600mm 2 at Mil unit The units. the Concertainer of penetration achieved complete rounds the material. of fill None quality good a filled with units 2 Mil against Concertainer were tests above The rod long 30mm Rarden - AP, piercing Amour 0.5" - and shot single 7.62mm, - shotgun - were: used Weapons information Trial eertrcannon penetrator AP mm 14.5 and 12.7 Soviet gun machine general-purpose eiu aulisee when even casualties serious prevent would system the COLPRO that proved test This fill protection. soil overhead of provide (2') 600mm 2 and Mil units, Concertainer piles, Steel sheet units. 1 Mil by Concertainer protected 20ft a container of ISO up made is system COLPRO The super- fuses. with quick fitted shells 155mm artillery of detonation close-in from protection provide to designed was This (COLPRO). system a protection developed collective MOD, UK the conjunction with in HESCO, 1993 In HESH 120mm simulated - shell artillery HE 155mm - mortar 81mm - tested also was against: unit 1 Mil The rounds penetrated. no and filled sand of bursts 3– in fired gun machine .50" against tested were also Units 1 Mil Concertainer on ndrc contact direct in round ons h el were cells The rounds. 5 9.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ra information Trial 3lso NO hsrsle in resulted this ANFO, of against 235lbs was testing This Laboratories, Tyndall. Wright at US the tested in were units Concertainer RPG7. defeat is to material required fill poor least of At 1.8m through. pass tail to the fin allow may but RPG7 rounds, of penetration will prevent units 1 Mil Concertainer Gravel-filled RPG7. system against the tested UK The US, Germany. the and in UK place take testing amount of substantial a saw 1997 “superficial”. judged 3. was Mil Damage Concertainer a of into target close the shells artillery 155mm against units Concertainer test Wood at Leonard military Fort US the saw 1995 hit. direct a cause with will fuse casualties delay a Shells with fitted shelters. type artillery bomb and mortar, provide to the world around extensively been used subsequently has This system contact. in to detonation a subjected was structure the a ugda ntsignificant”. “not as judged damage was resulting The in contact. mortar 82mm anti-tank and by grenades trial, a in also was attacked, system The elsewhere. achieved those to similar also were achieved The results testing. previous to similar were used systems 1997. Weapons in systems gabion with other along units Concertainer tested MOD German The out. carried analysis was benefit cost a when systems other the far outshone also They fragmentation. secondary significant generating no three, the of the best fared units tested. Concertainer systems wall three one of were units Concertainer VBIED. large a to simulate explosive C4 seven of over tonnes was test last third and The breached. not wall was The damage. in resulted superficial this fairly at stand-off; bomb, short 82 Mk an test was second The damage. minor 9.03 ocranrMl1uisfilled units of 1 cells Mil two Concertainer with first the carried out, were tests security Two UK the services. of request the at testing this conducted Laboratory Research Transport vehicle The a barrier. as 2004 June tested in were units Concertainer reduced. being Quantity- Distances the in resulted This has occurred. charge the acceptor of detonation sympathetic no but units adjacent container the to in damage severe resulted which initiated, charge was explosive The donor charge. the to adjacent units Container within stored were detonators Live 20ft a container. in ISO shells artillery within contained explosives of of 5011kg consisted test The walls. separation storage ammunition for trialled units also Concertainer have Dutch the The as UK. results similar achieving system, COLPRO the testing Dutch the with originated These units. using Concertainer trials conducted also TNO has Agency, Trials Dutch The information Trial en tpe navr short very distance. a in vehicle stopped the being on in unit resulted 1 This Mil top. single a the and on base units 1 Mil of Concertainer a wall with thickness length double in (32') 10m barrier was The 50mph. approx at travelling a vehicle, occasion, similar-sized this on – Battle Labs Protection Air Force by Force, USA the in been conducted has test similar A for application. system this the in confidence our confirmed tests it These had tested. never had but vehicles against effective system be the would that belief the held long had HESCO extensively damaged. was and (19'8") within 6m stopped was it this occasion On used. same was the speed at vehicle same of The type gravel. with against cells was four 2nd The (36'). 11m approximately within stopped was vehicle The the barrier. into crashed was of 40mph excess in travelling sized truck medium A gravel. with 9.04

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ra information Trial entse gis contact against tested has been (EOPS) System Protection Overhead Extended The walls. HESCO the with in contact detonated statically also been have rounds Mortar wall. Concertainer a into mortars 120mm and firing rockets by 107mm out carried been has units Concertainer of Testing certification. H50 awarded being HESCO in has resulted This 50mph. at travelling truck 65,000lb a time against this barrier, as vehicle units a Concertainer of testing further saw 2005 December units. its of variety a for Certification K12 awarded HESCO being in resulted has This units. flood-mitigation smaller were the tested units The testing. barrier crash for US standard the was K12 This to standards. out carried was testing This Institute. Texas Transportation the by 2004 in December out carried was stop to vehicles units Concertainer ability of the of testing Further a encnutdo the HLBR. on conducted been testing has Similar mortars. and large medium small, from blast effects and fragmentation from protection provides bunker The weapons. fire indirect tested against been has (HAB) Bunker Accommodation HESCO The damage. eardrum threshold for the be is to which perceived level the below were well area protected the inside measured Pressures the structure. to damage any charge caused largest the to Only 2kg 30kg. from ranged and the roof on placed the were All charges C4. of charges cased 9.05 Trial information 9.06

Conclusion The above is a quick summary of some of the main testing which has taken place over the last 15 years, to which we have been privy. It can be seen from the above that the system has been comprehensively tested and continues to be so.

This level and variety of testing demonstrates the pedigree of the system and the number of different protective uses it can be put to. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Trial information 9.07

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 10 Packing and shipping HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers akn n shipping and Packing hrfr o recommended. is not practice therefore the so be difficult, would more unloading and loading However, capacity. a greater for provide would containers, which into bulk in be loaded may Units as appropriate. pallets, airlift or on trailers loaded containers, into shipping loaded then are these pallets Generally pallets. timber or on skids units of stacking on based configurations, optimum shipping following the to has led experience available, are options packaging many While transportation for packing Optimum oc-rtcinoperations. force-protection supporting of burden the logistics in reduction a configuration provides RAID in of unit of number types a of delivery The air being of delivered. capable also The is HAB parachute. by dropping delivered by air being of capable are accordingly packaged when units HESCO Many 10.01 akn n shipping and Packing ltpce niiuluisdmnin n weights and dimensions units individual Flat-packed i 10 Mil 9 Mil 8 Mil 7 Mil 6 Mil 5 Mil 4 Mil 3 Mil Weight 2 Mil Bearing Length Load 1.9 Mil Width 1 EPW Height 1 Mil Unit 3" 6" 8" (2310lb) (218lb) 1050kg (88") 99kg (341lb) 2.25m (39") (65") (2090lb) 155kg 1.0m (54") 1.66m (30") (101lb) 950kg (31") 1.37m 0.76m (91") 0.79m (48") (51lb) 46kg (12") 2.23m 1.22m (66") 0.3m (91") (352lb) 23kg (10") 1.68m 2.23m (24") 0.25m 160kg (231lb) (24") (28") (39") 0.61m 0.61m 105kg 0.72m (22lb) (24") 1.0m (8.5") (39") 0.61m 0.22m (98") 1.0m 10kg (4.5") (24") 2.49m (437lb) 0.11m (39") (8") 0.61m 1.0m (1851lb) 198kg 0.2m (24") (107") (8") 840kg (327lb) 0.61m 0.2m 2.74m (82") (85") (2") 148.5kg 0.05m 2.1m (54") 2.18m (42") (4") 1.37m 1.07m 0.10m (42") (30") 1.07m 0.75m (10") 0.25m 10.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers akn n shipping and Packing altsdui iesosadweights and dimensions unit Palletised oe altwih nldsteuis h altadtepackaging. the and pallet the units, the includes weight Pallet Note: i 10 Mil 9 Mil 8 Mil 7 Mil 6 Mil 5 Mil 4 Mil 3 Mil 2 Mil Bearing Load 1.9 Mil 1 EPW 1 Mil Unit

.9 .2 .5 09g2 46 10 14 20 20 8 20 1079kg 2.35m 18 714kg 1.62m 6 0.79m 1.1m 18 1.1m 15 1 6 640kg 1.7m 1.27m 20 12 1.06m 7 980kg 1.5m 6 2.30m 18 2.20m 4 1255kg 12 0.6m 2m 1 18 1.9m 10 1160kg 0.76m 2.00m 27 20 10 1.9m 1313kg 0.84m 6 2.67m 22 50 1.04m 1.70m 12 860kg 1.17m 8 1.17m 18 1.78m 6 1220kg 8 2.0m 15 1.90m 12 0.84m 1220kg 8 120 20 2.74m 2.18m 890kg 16 0.80m 2.3m 6 2.1m 18 0.84m 1060kg 1.40m 1 1.14m 2.03m 7 Units Per Pallet

3" 6" 9" (2374lb) (92") (1571lb) (64") (43") (31") (1408lb) (43") (50") (67") (2156lb) (42") (90") (59") (2761lb) (86") (78") (24") (2552lb) (75") (78") (30") (75") (2889lb) (105") (33") (1892lb) (41") (46") (67") (2684lb) (46") (78") (70") (75") (33") (2688lb) (107") (1962lb) (85") (90") (32") (2332lb) (83") (55") (33") (45") (80") Pallet Height

Pallet Width

Pallet Length

Pallet Weight

Pallets per 13.5m Trailer

84 84 Pallets per 40' Container 10.03 Pallets per 20' Container Packing and shipping 10.04

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 11 Conversion tables HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers ovrintables Conversion niern problems. complex in engineering use for upon be relied not should and a courtesy as included are document this within contained factors conversion the However, accurate. are conversion factors the that ensure taken to been has care Every Caution: directions. both in systems, measurement common for conversions of tables provide pages following The 11.01 oe ude egtaeU og o sU long. UK is Ton long. UK are weight Hundred Note: tables Conversion asounces m Mass feet cubic Volume Area Inches Into Length Convert To Dimension yards feet ons(b kg kg ton weight hundred litres (lb) pounds m litres gallons US gallons imperial km yard cubic m miles square m acres yards square feet square miles qaeice cm inches square g mm m m kg 0.405 hectares km 3 3 2 2 2 2 50.8 0.4536 3.7851 4.5461 28.35 25.4 utpyby Multiply 0.0283 6.452 0.765 2.590 0.8361 0.093 0.9144 0.3048 1.016 1.609 11.02

HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Conversion tables 11.03

Dimension To Convert Into Multiply by

Length mm Inches 0.039 m feet 3.28 m yards 1.09 km miles 0.621 Area mm2 square inches 0.0016 m2 square feet 10.764 m2 square yards 1.196 m2 hectares 0.0001 hectares acres 2.47 km2 square miles 0.386 Volume cm3 cubic inches 0.061 m3 cubic feet 35.31 m3 cubic yard 1.307 cm3 fluid ounces 0.035 litres m3 0.001 litres imperial gallons 0.2198

HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers litres US gallons 0.264 Mass g ounces 0.035 kg pounds (lb) 2.204 kg hundred weight 0.020 Tonnes ton 0.984

Note: Hundred weight are UK long. Ton is UK long. Conversion tables 11.04

Dimension To Convert Into Multiply by

Density ton/yard t/m3 1.329 Speed Miles/hour m/s 0.4470 Miles/hour km/hour 1.61 knots m/s 0.5148 Force lb.force (lb.f) N 4.444 Poundal (pdl) N 0.1383 ton force kN 9.964 Pressure lb/ft2 N/m2 47.88 Psi (lb/in2) kN/m2 6.895 Ton/ft2 kN/m2 107.2 Ton/in2 N/mm2 15.44 Bar N/mm2 0.1 atmosphere bar 1.013 PSI (lb/in2) kPa 6.895

Note: Ton is UK long. Standard atmosphere used. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Conversion tables 11.05

Dimension To Convert Into Multiply by

Density t/m3 ton/yard 0.752 Speed m/s Miles/hour 2.237 km/hour Miles/hour 0.621 m/s knots 1.945 Force N lb.force (lb.f) 0.225 N Poundal (pdl) 7.233 kN ton force 0.1 Pressure N/m2 lb/f2 0.021 kN/m2 Psi (lb/in2) 0.145 kN/m2 Ton/ft2 0.009 N/mm2 Ton/in2 0.065 N/mm2 Bar 10 bar atmosphere 0.987 kPa PSI (lb/in2) 0.145

Note: Ton is UK long. Standard atmosphere used. HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers Conversion tables 11.06

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers 12 Contacts HESCO Construction Guide for Engineers Contacts a:+427305455 350 207 5454 +44 Fax: 350 207 +44 Tel: [email protected] Email: contact: please this document, of copies to more or order materials marketing For enquiries Marketing 5455 350 207 5454 +44 Fax: 350 207 +44 Tel: [email protected] Email: contact: please training, product about enquiries enquiries, or technical specific For enquiries Technical 3501 248 113 6633 +44 Fax: 248 113 +44 Tel: [email protected] Email: contact: please shipping enquiries, and sales product For enquiries Sales www.hesco.com Kingdom United 0SW LS9 Estate Leeds Industrial Green Cross Way Knowsthorpe Limited Bastion HESCO address Company information Contact otcspoorp oreyo SDoD US of courtesy photograph Contacts 12.01 Contacts 12.02

Notes 5mm HESCO Guide Construction for Engineers HESCO Bastion Ltd 41 Knowsthorpe Way Cross Green Industrial Estate Leeds LS9 0SW United Kingdom

Tel: +44 113 248 6633 Fax: +44 113 248 3501 Email: [email protected] Web: www.hesco.com

Disclaimer Patents The information contained in this publication RAID is covered by patent nos. 2445356 (UK) is provided by HESCO Bastion Ltd ('HESCO') and 7905685, 7896583, 7789592, 7708501, or is derived from sources that HESCO 7883297, 7891913 (US); and is subject to reasonably believes to be reliable and application no. 0808420.4 (UK). EPW is accurate or are otherwise expressions of covered by patent nos. 1951963, 2432611 (UK); independent third party opinion. Whilst and is subject to application no. 12/090,648 HESCO has made reasonable efforts to (US). HLBR is subject to application nos. ensure the accuracy, completeness and 0820411.7 (UK) and 12/937,888 (US). relevance of such information, any reliance on HAB 1 is covered by patent nos. 2145064, it, in whole or in part, is entirely at the risk of 1992768 (UK) and 7856761 (US); and is the party using it and it will not rely on such subject to application nos. 0803661.8 (UK) information in substitution for making all and 12/595,436 (US) and other international proper and necessary enquiries from HESCO equivalents. or other relevant third parties. The selection, configuration and installation of any of Trade Marks HESCO’s products on site is not HESCO’s HESCO, Concertainer, Mil, RAID and HAB responsibility and, HESCO, its directors, are registered® trade marks of HESCO employees, agents, distributors, suppliers or Bastion Ltd. contractors shall not be liable for any failure of any of HESCO’s products caused by Quality Standards improper installation. HESCO Bastion Ltd manufactures to quality standards ISO 9001 (1987), BS 5750 Part 1 At the sole and absolute discretion of (1987) and EN 29001 (1987) certificate no. HESCO, the contents of this publication are 910654. subject to change at any time without notice.

HESCO further reserves the right to amend specifications without notice.

Copyright Notice Certain material featured in this document is subject to copyright protection. Any lawful reproduction of such material is subject to obtaining prior written permission from HESCO Bastion Ltd. Any requests for such permission should be made in writing.

Copyright © HESCO Bastion Ltd 12.07.11