CNEP IV Core Questionnaire, February 2013

A.Issue During the campaign, the candidates and parties discussed many different issues. In your view, what was the most important issue in the recent election campaign?

______[WRITE ANSWER]

A.IssueGov How well or badly would you say the … government/ administration handled [the most important campaign issue] over the past year… Very well, Well, Badly, or Very badly? 4 Very well 3 Well 2 Badly 1 Very badly 995 Not Applicable 999 Don’t know

A.PolitSit How would you describe the present political situation in [country name], Very good, Good, Bad or Very bad? 5 Very good 4 Good 3 Average 2 Bad 1 Very bad 999 Don’t know

A.EconChange In your opinion, do you think the condition of the economy over the last year has… Improved a lot, Improved somewhat, Stayed the same, Gotten somewhat worse, or Gotten a lot worse? 1 Improved a lot 2 Improved somewhat 3 Stayed the same 4 Gotten somewhat worse 5 Gotten a lot worse

People associate democracy with many diverse meanings. In order for a society to be called democratic, is each of the ones I will mention Absolutely essential, Important, Not very important or Not important at all? B.DemMeanCrit -- Freedom to criticize the government B.DemMeanJobs -- Jobs for everyone B.DemMeanElec -- Free and fair elections B.DemMeanGap -- A smaller income gap between rich and poor B.DemMeanMedia --Free and uncensored media

3 Absolutely essential 2 Important 1 Not very important 0 Not important at all 999 Don’t know

B.MediaExtent In your opinion, how much of a free and uncensored media does the [country name] have today? [READ FOLLOWING OPTIONS] 3 Completely free media 2 Partly free media, with minor problems 1 Partly free media, with major problems 0 Not free media

B.MediaSat In general, are you Very satisfied, Somewhat satisfied, Not very satisfied or Not at all satisfied with the amount of media freedom in [name of country]? 3 Very satisfied 2 Somewhat satisfied 1 Not very satisfied 0 Not at all satisfied 999 Don’t know

I will read you some statements about your role in the political system. Please tell me if you Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree or Strongly disagree with each statement. B.PolCompl -- Generally, politics seems so complicated that people like me cannot understand what is happening. B.DontCare -- Politicians don’t care much about what people like me think.

1Strongly agree 2 Agree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly disagree 999 Don’t know

There are many ways to govern a country. Do you Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree or Strongly disagree with the following alternatives? B.RejOneParty -- Only one political party should be allowed to stand for election and hold office. B.RejPresDict -- Elections and the National Assembly should be abolished so that who is in government can decide everything alone. B.RejMilRule -- The army should come in to govern the country.

1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither agree/disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly disagree 999 Don’t know

B.DemAuth Which of the following phrases most closely reflects your own opinion? 3 Democracy is preferable to any other form of government 2 Under some circumstances, an authoritarian regime, a dictatorship, is preferable to a democratic system 1 For people like me, one regime is the same as another.

B.DemExtent In your opinion, how much of a democracy is [name of country] today? [READ FOLLOWING OPTIONS] 3 A full democracy 2 A democracy, but with minor problems 1 A democracy, but with major problems 0 Not a democracy

B.DemSat In general, are you Very satisfied, Somewhat satisfied, Not very satisfied or Not at all satisfied with the way democracy is working in [name of country]? 3 Very satisfied 2 Somewhat satisfied 1 Not very satisfied 0 Not at all satisfied / Not a democracy 999 Don’t know

Many people, when they think about politics, use the words “left” and “right.”

C.LRSelf According to your own political opinions, where would you place yourself on a scale from left to right…[pause], or do you not normally use these terms?

C.LRGov1, C.LRGov2, etc., C.LROpp1, C.LROpp2, etc. I would now like you to classify parties according to the same left-right scale. In which column would you place [the largest governing party, the largest opposition party, etc.]? Don’t Know LEFT RIGHT Don’t use scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 999

C.PartyID Many people feel close to a particular political party over a long period of time, although they may occasionally vote for a different party. What about you? Is there a particular political party that you feel closer to than all the other parties? 0 No 1 Yes 998 Refused to answer 999 Don’t know

[IF YES] C.PartyIDWhich Which one? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 1 995 NA [C.PartyID is not YES]

1 IMPORTANT: The questionnaires used in each country study should include the names or initials of all significant political parties in a list of response options numbered 1-n. However, before the data set is submitted for inclusion in the CNEP merged data set, parties should be renamed using the generic descriptors Gov1 [for the largest governing party at the time of the election under study], Gov2 [for the second-largest party in a governing coalition], … Opp1 [for the largest opposition party], Opp2… etc. The corresponding list of names and generic equivalents should then be added to the Appendix. [IF YES to C.PartyID] C.PartyIDStrength How strongly do you support this party: very strongly, somewhat strongly, or not very strongly? 3 Very strongly 2 Somewhat strongly 1 Not very strongly 0 No PartyID [C.PartyID is not YES] 999 Don’t know

[IF YES to C.PartyID] C.PartyProxOther Is there another party to which you feel close? 0 No 1 Yes 998 Refused to answer 999 Don’t know 995 NA [C.PartyID is not YES]

[IF YES to C.PartyProxOther] C.PartyProxWhich Which party is that? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [C.PartyProxOther is not YES]

[IF YES to C.PartyProxOther] C.PartyProxStrength How strongly do you support this party: very strongly, somewhat strongly, or not very strongly? 3 Very strongly 2 Somewhat strongly 1 Not very strongly 0 No PartyID [C.PartyProxOther is not YES] 999 Don’t know

C.ThermGov1Leader, C.ThermOpp1Leader, etc. We would like to know your feelings towards some political figures and groups on a scale from 0-10. For example, if you feel very favorable towards one of the individuals or groups listed, you can give it a high score up to 10; if you feel very unfavorable towards this person or group you can give a low score down to 0 (zero); if you feel neutral towards it, you should give it a 5. If you have not heard enough about this person or group to have an opinion, feel free to indicate it.

Unfavorable Favorable Does not 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 know him/her -[Name of Gov1 Leader]…… 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 999 -[Name of Opp1 Leader]…… 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 999 Etc…… 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 999 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 999

During the electoral campaign how frequently did you follow political news through… D.CamPaper …Newspapers, online or print editions D.CamRadio …Radio, including online broadcasts D.CamTV …Television, including online broadcasts D.CamInternet …Other sources accessed by computers or mobile devices

0 Never 1-7 Number of days each week 999 Don’t know

[IF D.CamPaper is 1-7 DAYS] D.Paper During the campaign, which newspaper did you read most often for information about the election campaign, either in print or on the internet? [Write name of paper—to be coded later] 999 Don’t know/Can’t remember

[IF D.CamPaper is 1-7 DAYS] D.Pap1Freq On average, how many days a week did you read this newspaper? 1-7 Number of days per week 995 Not Applicable [D.CamPaper is NOT 1-7 days] 999 Don’t Know

[IF D.CamPaper is 1-7 DAYS] D.Pap1Bias Do you think this newspaper favored a particular political party or candidate? 0 No 1 Yes 995 Not Applicable [D.CamPaper is NOT 1-7 days] 999 Don’t know

[IF D.Pap1Bias is YES] D.Pap1Part Which political party or candidate? [Allow more than one response] 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [D.Pap1Bias is NOT Yes (1)]

[IF D.CamRadio is 1-7 days] D.Radio1 During the campaign, which radio program did you listen to most frequently, including satellite and online broadcasts, for information about the election campaign? [Write name of radio program or network—to be coded later] 999 Don’t know/Can’t remember

[IF D.CamRadio is is 1-7 days] D.Rad1Freq On average, how many days a week did you listen to this radio program? 1-7 Number of days per week 995 Not Applicable [D.CamRadio is NOT 1-7 days)] 999 Don’t Know

[IF D.CamRadio is 1-7 days)] D.Rad1Bias Do you think this program favored a particular political party or candidate? 0 No 1 Yes 995 Not Applicable [D.CamRadio is NOT 1-7 days)] 999 Don’t know

[IF D.Rad1Bias is YES] D.Rad1Part Which political party or candidate? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [D.Rad1Bias is NOT Yes (1)]

[IF D.CamTV is 1-7 days] D.TV1 Which television program, including online broadcasts, did you watch most frequently for information about the election campaign? [Write name of TV program—to be coded later] 999 Don’t know/Can’t remember

[IF D.CamTV is 1-7 days] D.TV1Freq On average, how many days a week did you listen to this television program? 1-7 Number of days per week 995 Not Applicable [D.CamTV is NOT 1-7 days] 999 Don’t Know

[IF D.CamTV is 1-7 days] D.TV1Bias Do you think this program favored a particular political party or candidate? 0 No 1 Yes 995 Not Applicable [D.CamTV is NOT 1-7 days] 999 Don’t know

[IF D.TV1Bias is YES] D.TV1Part Which political party or candidate? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [D.TV1Bias is NOT yes]

D.Internet Did you use a computer or mobile device to obtain information about the election campaign from sources such as websites, e-mail, social networks, apps, or texting? 0 No 1 Yes

[IF YES] What sources did you use? D.InterNews News Media D.InterOpin Political commentary/opinion sources, not linked to parties or candidates D.InterInfo Political information sources not linked to parties or candidates D.InterParty Party or candidate sources D.InterFriends Information/comments by people I know personally

0 No 1 Yes 995 Not applicable [answered NO (0) to D.Internet]

[IF YES to D.InterNews OR D.InterOpin OR D.InterInfo OR D.InterParty OR D.InterFriends—ALLOW TWO RESPONSES, IF RELEVANT] D.InterBias1, D.InterBias2 Overall, do you think the information provided via computers and mobile devices favored a particular party or candidate? 0 No 1 Yes, completely 2 Yes, mostly 995 Not applicable [IF D.InterBias1 and/or D.InterBias2 is YES] D.InterPart1, D.InterPart2 Which political party or candidate? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 Not Applicable [D.InterBias1 is not YES (1 or 2)] 999 Don’t know 999 Don’t know

[IF YES TO D.Internet] D.InterShare Did you share any information regarding your own political views or pass on information from other sources via e-mail or social networks? 0 No 1 Yes 995 Not Applicable [NOT yes to D.Internet]

[Ask all the following questions (frequency, agreement, and party preference) for family, then ask the battery of three questions for friends, then ask all three for neighbors, then ask all three for co- workers, creating E.FamTalk, E.FamAgree, E.FamTalkPart, E.FriendTalk, E.FriendAgree, E.FriendTalkPart, E.NeighTalk, E.NeighAgree, E.NeighTalkPart, E.WorkTalk, E.WorkAgree, E.WorkTalkPart]

E.FamTalk How frequently did you talk about the most recent election campaign with your family: often, sometimes, rarely or never? E.FamAgree When you talk with members of your family, do you normally agree or are there important differences? E.FamTalkPart Do you think that the members of your family voted like you, or did they vote for another party?

E.FriendTalk How frequently did you talk about the most recent election campaign with your friends: often, sometimes, rarely or never? E.FriendAgree When you talk with your friends, do you normally agree, or are there important differences? E.FriendTalkPart Do you think that your friends voted like you, or did they vote for another party?

E.NeighTalk And what about your neighbors--how frequently did you talk with them about the most recent election campaign: often, sometimes, rarely or never? E.NeighAgree When you talk with your neighbors, do you normally agree or are there important differences? E.NeighTalkPart Do you think that your neighbors voted like you, or did they vote for another party?

E.WorkTalk Finally, if you are employed or recently employed, how frequently did you talk about the most recent election campaign with your co-workers: often, sometimes, rarely or never, or are you not employed? [Ask the following two only if employed or recently employed] E.WorkAgree When you talk with your co-workers, do you normally agree, or are there important differences? E.WorkTalkPart Do you think that your co-workers voted like you, or did they vote for another party?

[Response options for FamTalk, FriendTalk, NeighTalk and WorkTalk:] 3 Often 2 Sometimes 1 Rarely 0 Never 995 Not Applicable [e.g., not employed] 999 Don’t know

[Response options for FamAgree1, FriendAgree1, NeighAgree1 and WorkAgree1:] 2 Agree 1 Differ 995 Not Applicable [NEVER discusses politics or not employed]

[Response options for FamTalkPart, FriendTalkPart, NeighTalkPart and WorkTalkPart:] [IMPORTANT: These response options have been reordered in accord with principles underpinning all other similar items, correcting an earlier mistake. That mistake must be corrected in the merged data set] 3 Supported same party as respondent 2 Support divided among different parties 1 Supported another party 995 Not Applicable [NEVER discusses politics or not employed] 999 Don’t know

E.DiscNumber In total, how many different people did you talk to about the recent election campaign?

[WRITE NUMBER, FROM 0 to 9,999] ______

L.Married Are you… 1 Single 2 Married / Co-Habiting with partner 3 Divorced / Separated from spouse 4 Widowed 5 Other [Specify] ______

[IF MARRIED OR LIVING WITH PARTNER ASK FOLLOWING FOUR QUESTIONS] E.SpouTalk How often did you talk to your spouse/partner about the recent election? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 995 Not Applicable [not married or co-habiting] 999 Don’t know

E.SpouAgre When you talk to him/her, how often do you agree? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 995 Not Applicable [not married or co-habiting] 999 Don’t know

E.SpouKnow Generally speaking, how well informed would you say your spouse/partner is when it comes to politics? 0 Not at all informed 1 Not well informed 2 Somewhat informed 3 Very well informed 995 Not Applicable [not married or co-habiting] 999 Don’t know

E.SpouVote Which party did your spouse/partner support in the last election? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 Not applicable [not married or co-habiting]

E.Disc1 [IF RESPONDENT IS MARRIED OR LIVIING WITH PARTNER] Now I would like you to think of someone else with whom you most frequently talk about matters that are important to you. [IF RESPONDENT NOT MARRIED OR LIVING WITH PARTNER] Now I would like you to think of someone with whom you most frequently talk about matters that are important to you.

What is this person’s relation to you? 1 Close family member 2 More distant family member 3 Co-worker 4 Neighbor 5 Prominent community member 6 Close friend 7 Religious leader [NOTE: this is a new response category] 8 Other [SPECIFY] ______[NOTE: new number for this response] 995 Not Applicable [No Discussant]

[ASK THE FOLLOWING FIVE QUESTIONS IF E.Disc1 NOT 995] E.Disc1Gender Is this person male or female? 1 Male 2 Female 995 Not applicable [No discussant]

E.Disc1Freq How often did you talk to this person about the recent election? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 995 Not Applicable [No discussant] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc1Agre When you talk to him/her, how often do you agree? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 995 Not Applicable [No discussant] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc1Know Generally speaking, how well informed would you say this person is when it comes to politics? 0 Not at all informed 1 Not well informed 2 Somewhat informed 3 Very well informed 995 Not Applicable [No discussant] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc1Part Which party did he /she support in the last election? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [No discussant]

[ASK IF E.Disc1 NOT 995] E.Disc2 Now I would you to think of someone else with whom you frequently talked about matters that are important to you? What is this person’s relation to you? 1 Close family member 2 More distant family member 3 Co-worker 4 Neighbor 5 Prominent community member 6 Close friend 7 Religious leader [NOTE: this is a new response category] 8 Other [SPECIFY] ______[NOTE: new number for this response] 995 Not Applicable [No discussant1 or 2]

[ASK THE FOLLOWING FIVE QUESTIONS IF E.Disc2 NOT 995] E.Disc2Gender Is this person male or female? 1 Male 2 Female 995 Not applicable [No discussant2]

E.Disc2Freq How often did you talk to this person about the recent election? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 995 Not Applicable [No discussant2] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc2Agre When you talk to him/her, how often do you agree? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 995 Not Applicable [No discussant2] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc2Know Generally speaking, how well informed would you say this person is when it comes to politics? 0 Not at all informed 1 Not well informed 2 Somewhat informed 3 Very well informed 995 Not Applicable [No discussant2] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc2Part Which party did he / she support in the last election? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [No discussant2]

[IF RESPONDENT IS NOT MARRIED OR LIVING WITH PARTNER AND E.Disc2 NOT 995] E.Disc3 Now I would like you to think of someone else with whom you most frequently talk about matters that are important to you. What is this person’s relation to you? 1 Close family member 2 More distant family member 3 Co-worker 4 Neighbor 5 Prominent community member 6 Close friend 7 Religious leader [NOTE: this is a new response category] 8 Other [SPECIFY] ______[NOTE: new number for this response] 995 Not Applicable [No Discussant1,2or3]

[ASK THE FOLLOWING FIVE QUESTIONS IF E.Disc3 NOT 995] E.Disc3Gender Is this person male or female? 1 Male 2 Female 995 Not applicable [No discussant3]

E.Disc3Freq How often did you talk to this person about the recent election? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 995 Not Applicable [No discussant3] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc3Agre When you talk to him/her, how often do you agree? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 995 Not Applicable [No discussant3] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc3Know Generally speaking, how well informed would you say this person is when it comes to politics? 0 Not at all informed 1 Not well informed 2 Somewhat informed 3 Very well informed 995 Not Applicable [No discussant3] 999 Don’t know

E.Disc3Part Which party did he /she support in the last election? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [No discussant3]

E.ComLeaderAdvise1 Did you receive any advice from a local community leader or religious leader concerning the best candidate/ party in the most recent election campaign? 0 No / Don’t Know 1 Yes

[ASK IF E.ComLeaderAdvise1 NOT 0] E.RelLeaderAdvise [New item] Was this advice from a religious leader? 0 no / Don’t know 1 Yes 995 Not applicable [No advice received]

[ASK IF E.ComLeaderAdvise1 NOT 0] E.ComLeaderAdvise2 Which party/candidate was that? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [No advice received]

Could you please tell me if you belong to any of these types of organizations? [SHOW CARD OR READ LIST: MULTIPLE RESPONSES ALLOWED]

F.AsoTU -- Labor Union F.AsoProf -- Professional or business organization F.AsoRelig -- Religious groups F.AsoParty -- Political parties or groups F.AsoCult -- Educational, artistic or cultural groups F.AsoEcol -- Environmental groups F.AsoYouth -- Youth, women’s or senior citizens’ social groups F.AsoSport -- Sports clubs F.AsoFem -- Feminist organizations F.AsoNeigh -- Neighborhood associations F.AsoParent -- Parents’ organizations F.AsoEthnic -- Ethnic associations F.AsoFar, -- Farmers’ associations F.AsoVet -- Veterans’ associations F.AsoFrat -- Fraternal organizations F.AsoChar – Charitable associations F.AsoOther -- Any other type of organization?

0 Does not belong / Don’t know 1 Belongs [NO OTHER CODES ACCEPTABLE]

[ASK FOLLOWING QUESTION IF RESPONDENT IS A MEMBER OF ONE OR MORE ORGANIZATIONS] F.AsoCont Did you receive any information about the recent election campaign from any one of these groups? 0 No/Don’t know 1 Yes 995 Not applicable [Not a member of any organization]

[IF YES] F.AsoContWhich Which of these types of organizations provided you with this information? [CARD--MULTIPLE RESPONSES ALLOWED] 1 Labor Union 2 Professional or business 3 Religious 4 Political parties or groups 5 Educational, artistic, cultural 6 Environmental groups 7 Youth, women’s, senior citizens’ social groups 8 Sports clubs 9 Feminist organizations 10 Neighborhood associations 11 Parents’ organizations 12 Ethnic associations 13 Farmers’ associations 14 Veterans’ associations 15 Fraternal organizations 16 Charitable associations 17 Any other type of organization? 995 Not Applicable [“No” or NA to F.AsoCont]

[ASK NEXT THREE QUESTIONS IF RESPONDENT RECEIVED CONTACT DURING CAMPAIGN (F.AsoCont is Yes)]

F.AsoContHow Thinking of the most important of these groups providing information about the recent election campaign, how did you receive this information? [MULTIPLE RESPONSES ALLOWED] 1 Mail or other printed material 2 Phone call 3 E-mail or other electronic media 4 Personal contact 995 Not applicable [no contact or not a member]

[IF CONTACT WAS BY PHONE CALL, E-MAIL OR IN PERSON] F.AsoContKnow Was this contact with someone you know? 0 No [someone respondent did not know] 1 Yes [someone respondent knew] 995 Not applicable [no contact or not a member (F,AsiContHow = 995)]

F.AsoContPart Which party or candidate did this group support? 0 No party supported 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 NA [no contact or not a member (F,AsiContHow = 995)] 999 Don’t Know

H.InterestCam Could you please tell me to what extent you were interested in following this election campaign-- very, somewhat, not very, or not at all? H.Interest More generally, would you say that you are very, somewhat, not very or not at all interested in politics?

3 Very interested 2 Somewhat interested 1 Not very interested 0 Not at all interested 999 Don’t know

[PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS SHOULD WRITE FOUR “CURRENT POLITICAL INFORMATION” QUESTIONS (such as the identities of political figures), TWO OF WHICH SHOULD BE RELATIVELY EASY TO ANSWER AND TWO MORE DIFFICULT. FOR EXAMPLE…]

We would like to know to what degree [citizens of X country] are familiar with certain public figures: H.InfoTest1 For example, to you remember the name of … [e.g., the Minister of Finance] H.InfoTest2 How about [e.g., the leader of the largest opposition party in parliament]; do you know his/her name? H.InfoTest3 [Etc.] H.InfoTest4 [Etc.]

0 No answer / don’t know / can’t remember / incorrect answer 1 Correct name

H.CamWork Did you work for any party or candidate during the election campaign? H.Protest Have you taken part in a protest demonstration in the last twelve months? H.Turnout We find that some people are not able to vote. How about you? Did you vote in the recent election?

0 No / don’t know 1 Yes

[IF YES ON H.Turnout] H.VoteWhichRecent For which party [or candidate] did you vote [in the most recent election]? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 993 Did not vote

[IF RESPONDENT VOTED IN MOST RECENT ELECTION] H.Decide When did you decide to vote for that party [or candidate]? 1 On election day 2 Last week before election day 3 Few weeks before election day 4 At least a month before election day 5 Before election campaign started / Always intended voting for this party 995 Not applicable [no vote] 999 Don’t know

H.VoteWhichPrevious And do you recall what party you voted for in the previous election in [year], or did you not vote? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 993 Did not vote 999 Don’t know/Can’t remember

I.PartyPers Did a representative of any of the following parties contact you in person during the campaign? [ALLOW MULTIPLE RESPONSES] 0 No / No Answer / Don’t know 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes]

I.PartyCall Did a representative of any of the following parties contact you by telephone during the campaign? [ALLOW MULTIPLE RESPONSES] 0 No / No Answer / Don’t know 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes]

I.PartyMail Did any of the following parties contact you by mail or other printed material during the campaign? [ALLOW MULTIPLE RESPONSES] 0 No / No Answer / Don’t know 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes]

I.PartyEMail Did any of the following parties contact you by e-mail or other electronic messaging during the campaign? [ALLOW MULTIPLE RESPONSES] 0 No / No Answer / Don’t know 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes]

I.MeetAny Did you attend any party meetings or rallies during the election campaign? 0 No / Don’t know 1 Yes

[IF YES] I.MeetPart Which party? 1-n [List of all parties receiving significant numbers of votes] 995 Not applicable [did not attend meeting]

I.PartyRep1, I.PartyRep2… I.PartyRepN [REPEAT FOR Gov1, Opp1 AND OTHER PARTIES REGARDED BY COUNTRY-TEAM PI’s AS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST] Do you think that ___ [name of party] looks after the interests of all of the people in ___ [name of country], or after the interests of one group only, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say

0 Don’t know or haven’t heard enough to say 1 All of the people 2 A particular group or groups

I am now going to read you a series of alternative phrases. Could you please tell me to what extent you agree with one or the other. A score of 1 represents complete agreement with the first phrase and rejection of the second phrase. Conversely, a 10 indicates that you prefer and completely agree with the second phrase. And scores between 2 and 9 represent intermediate opinions.

COMPLETE AGREEMENT COMPLETE AGREEMENT WITH FIRST PHRASE WITH SECOND PHRASE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

J.ReligLaw 1. Our religious beliefs should provide the No single set of religious beliefs should be basis for the laws of our country. imposed on our country J.EcoGrow 2. Protect the environment, and make our Encourage economic growth without cities and countryside more beautiful environmental restrictions on businesses J.ServTax 3. Improve government services and social Reduce taxes, even if it means reducing assistance, even if it means increasing taxes government services and social assistance J.EqualInd 4. There should be a more equal distribution There should be more incentives for individual of wealth initiative J.OrderLib 5.Maintain law and order Defend civil liberties J.PrivPub 6.Privatize public enterprises Maintain existing public enterprises J.Abortion 7. Abortion should always be illegal Abortion should always be legal J.Compete 8. Work hard and compete, so that you can Avoid competition with fellow workers in get ahead at work order to maintain good relations J.Particip 9. Increase citizen participation in Government should quickly make decisions government decision making based on the knowledge of experts J.Community 10. We should put the well-being of the Everybody should be free to pursue what is best community ahead of our own interests for themselves as individuals J.OurWay 11. Our country should defend our way of It is a good idea to copy good practices life instead of becoming more and more from other people all over the world like other countries J.GovParent 12. People are like children; the government Government is an employee; the people are the should take care of them like a parent bosses who control the government J.Conflict 13. Conflict should be avoided at all costs in Conflict is a normal part of our society our society J.TimeResolves 14. Most problems can be solved with time When confronted with problems, we should address them as soon as possible J.GovWellBeing 15. The government should bear the main People should look after themselves and be responsibility for the well-being of the people responsible for their own success in life J.Customs 16. It is better for society if different [racial] It is better if these groups adapt and blend into and ethnic groups maintain their distinct the larger society customs and traditions

K.Disrupt Would it always be acceptable, acceptable on rare occasions, or never acceptable to disrupt a party’s campaign activities? 0 Never acceptable 1 Acceptable on rare occasions 2 Always acceptable 999 Don’t know

K.ElectsFF On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the most recent national election? 1 Free and fair with major problems 2 Free and fair with minor problems 3 Completely free and fair 999 Don’t know

Please tell me if any of the following happened to you personally or to someone that you know: K.PrevReg Prevented from registering to vote K.PrevMeet Prevented from attending an election event, like a campaign rally, by intimidation or fear K.PrevList Prevented from voting because your name was not on the voter list K.PrevVote Prevented from voting by intimidation or fear K.BribeVote Offered a reward or compensation to vote for a specific candidate or party K.PressVote Pressured into voting for a candidate or party that you did not really support

0 No / Don’t know 1 Yes

K.ElectsNotFFOther Was the election not free or fair in other ways? 0 (Yes) Not free or fair 1 (No) Free and fair

[IF YES] In what ways was the election not free: K.ElectsGovMoney Government resources were used to support only the governing party K.ElectsPrivMoney Private resources of rich individuals or powerful groups were unfairly used to support a party K.ElectsMediaBias The media were biased in favor of a particular party K.ElectsSuppressCam Some parties’ campaign activities were suppressed K.ElectsNotCount Votes were not counted fairly

0 No / Don’t know 1 Yes

L.Age How old were you at the time of your last birthday? [Record number of years] ______

L.Education What is the highest level of education that you have completed? 0 No formal schooling 1 Some primary education 2 Completed primary education 3 Some secondary education 4 Completed secondary education 5 Some university education 6 University education completed 7 Some or completed post graduate education

L.ReligHowMuch How religious do you consider yourself? 0 Not religious at all 1 Not very religious 2 Somewhat religious 3 Very religious 999 Don’t know

L.Religion With regard to religious affiliation, do you consider yourself … 1 Christian, Roman Catholic 2 Christian, Protestant 3 Christian, Orthodox 4 Muslim 5 Hindu 6 Jewish 7 Confucian 8 Buddhist 9 Taoist 10 Shintoist 11 Other [SPECIFY] ______12 No religion 999 Don’t know

[IF PROTESTANT] L.ReligDenom What denomination is that?

[IF MUSLIM—question similar to L.ReligDenom if we want to differentiate among sects]

L.ReligFreq Could you please tell me how often you have gone to church/attended religious services during the past year? 0 Never 1 One, two or three times a year 2 More than three times up to once a month 3 Two or three times a month 4 At least once a week 995 Not Applicable [L.Religion coded “No religion”] 999 Don’t know

L.Occupation With regard to employment, what is your main occupation? 1 Stay-at-home spouse 2 Retired [ASK L.FormerOccupation] 3 Student 4 Never been employed [DO NOT ASK L.FormerOccupation] 5 Looking for work, unemployed [ASK L.FormerOccupation] 6 Work for others: Unskilled worker / low level employee 7 Works for others: Skilled (blue collar) worker 8 Works for others: Salesperson 9 Works for others: Mid-level employee 10 Works for others: Mid-level supervisor and foreman 11 Works for other: Mid-level professional 12 Works for others: Upper-level professional 13 Works for others: Upper-level manager 14 Self-employed: Own small farm 15 Self-employed: Own medium / large farm 16 Self-employed: Own small business, company, firm 17 Self-employed: Own medium, large business, company, firm 18 Self-employed: Own small professional firm 19 Self-employed: Own medium, large professional firm

[IF RETIRED OR UNEMPLOYED] L.FormerOccupation What was your main occupation? 6 Work for others: Unskilled worker / low level employee 7 Works for others: Skilled (blue collar) worker 8 Works for others: Salesperson 9 Works for others: Mid-level employee 10 Works for others: Mid-level supervisor and foreman 11 Works for other: Mid-level professional 12 Works for others: Upper-level professional 13 Works for others: Upper-level manager 14 Self-employed: Own small farm 15 Self-employed: Own medium / large farm 16 Self-employed: Own small business, company, firm 17 Self-employed: Own medium, large business, company, firm 18 Self-employed: Own small professional firm 19 Self-employed: Own medium, large professional firm

[ASK IF EMPLOYED OR PREVIOUSLY EMPLOYED] L.WorkPrivePub Do/did you work for a private firm or a government agency? 1 Private 2 Public 995 Not Applicable [NOT EMPLOYED OR PREVIOUSLY EMPLOYED] 999 Don’t know

[IF MARRIED OR LIVING WITH PARTNER] L.OccupationSpouse What is the main occupation of your spouse/partner? [If unemployed, retired or disabled, what was the last main occupation?] 1 Stay-at-home spouse 2 Retired 3 Student 4 Never been employed 5 Looking for work, unemployed 6 Work for others: Unskilled worker / low level employee 7 Works for others: Skilled (blue collar) worker 8 Works for others: Salesperson 9 Works for others: Mid level employee 10 Works for others: Mid level supervisor and foreman 11 Works for other: Mid level professional 12 Works for others: Upper level professional 13 Works for others: Upper level manager 14 SelfEmployed:Own small farm 15 Self employed: Own medium / large farm 16 Self employed: Own small business, company, firm 17 Self employed: Own medium, large business, company, firm 18 Self employed: Own small professional firm 19: Self employed: Own medium, large professional firm

[ASK IF SPOUSE EMPLOYED OR PREVIOUSLY EMPLOYED] L.WorkPrivePubSpouse Do/did he/she work for a private firm or a government agency? 1 Private 2 Public 995 Not Applicable [NOT EMPLOYED OR PREVIOUSLY EMPLOYED] 999 Don’t know

L.SubjClass1 Many people say they belong either to the middle class or the working class. Do you ever think of yourself as belonging to one of these classes? 0 No 1 Yes

L.SubjClass2 [IF YES] With which class would you say you belong? [IF NO] If you had to make a choice, with which class would you say you belong?

[CARD] 1 Working class 2 Lower-middle class 3 Middle class 4 Upper-middle class 5 Upper class

L.Language Which language do you use most frequently at home?

______[Write name of language. Cross-national codes to be developed]

L.Income Could you please indicate what number corresponds to your family’s net monthly income.

[Use income stratification appropriate for this country, but including at least five income strata]

N.StatePref I am going to give you some alternative ways for organizing government in [country]. Could you please tell me which one you would prefer? [TERMINOLOGY MUST BE ADAPTED TO INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES]

1 A strong central government 2 A partially decentralized system with central and regional governments having their own powers 3 A decentralized system with strong regional governments 4 A confederal state with right to self-determination and independence of regions 999 Don’t know

[ASK IN COUNTRIES CONTAINING MORE THAN ONE NATIONAL GROUP, SUBSTITUTING THE APPROPRATE COUNTRY NAME AND NATIONAL GROUP(S)] N.NatID Which of the following best expresses your feelings? I feel only (e.g.) Spanish [substitute name of country] I feel more Spanish [country] than (e.g.) Basque [substitute name of region or ethnic community] I feel equally Spanish and Basque I feel more Basque than Spanish I feel only Basque

1 Country only 2 More country than [region or ethnic group] 3 Both equally 4 More region/ethnic group than country 5 Region/Ethnic group only 0 None [No identification with any of these] 999 Don’t know

[INTERVIEWER’S ASSESSMENTS AFTER END OF INTERVIEW]

H.Gender Gender of respondent

1 Male 2 Female

L.Housing Quality of house in which interview conducted

1 Shack 2 Poor 3 Lower-middle 4 Middle (petit bourgeois) 5 Semi-luxury 6 Luxury

L.Neighborhood Type of neighborhood in which interview conducted

1 Traditional village 2 Informal shack 3 Poor 4 Working class 5 Lower middle class 6 Upper middle class 7 Upper class

H.Informed Do you think the respondent is well informed about politics?

0 Not informed at all 1 Not very informed 2 Somewhat informed 3 Well informed

Items That Could Be Cut if Necessary2 B.RejOneParty B.RejPresDict B.RejMilRule E.Disc3, E.Disc3Gender, E.Disc3Freq, E.Disc3Agre, E.Disc3Know, e.Disc3Part H.Decide I.PartyRep L.WorkPrivePub, L.WorkPrivePubSpouse

2 Either to reduce length of questionnaire or if questions are inappropriate for a particular country.

APPENDIX: Recoding Party Names

Interview questionnaires should use the actual names of political parties, as they presented candidates in the relevant election. Those names should be retained in the creation of the initial version of the data set based upon this survey. However, in order to be merged with other CNEP data sets, these party names must be standardized according to their status as parties in Government (either alone or in coalition) or Opposition, and also in accord with their relative size within each bloc (i.e., as the largest governing party, the second largest governing party, etc.), as well as whether or not they are new parties that did not field candidates in the previous election. Accordingly, parties should be recoded into the following categories:

1 Gov1 Largest government party 2 Gov2 Second largest party in government coalition 3 Gov3 Third largest party in government coalition 4 Gov4 Fourth largest party in government coalition 10 Opp1 Largest opposition party 11 Opp2 Second largest opposition party 12 Opp3 Third largest opposition party 13 Opp4 Fourth largest opposition party 14 Opp5 Fifth largest opposition party 15 Opp6 Sixth largest opposition party 20 OppNew1 Largest opposition party that had not previously presented candidates 21 OppNew2 Second largest opposition party that had not previously presented candidates 30 OppOther Smaller opposition parties 992 No Party (E.g., the media were not biased in favor of any party) 993 Did not vote 995 NA (Question not asked because of some previous filter item) 998 Refused to answer 999 Don’t know

Principal investigators of each new survey should enter the names of parties and party leaders into the following cumulative record of codes used in creating merged data set.

Coding of Parties and Candidate Names

ARGENTINA 2008 Gov1.F FPV (Frente para la Victoria) Gov1Leader.F1 {Cristina Fernández Kirchner} Gov1Leader.F2 {Daniel Scioli} Gov1Leader.F3 {Néstor Kirchner} Gov2.F PJ (Partido Justicialista) Gov3.F (Peronismo) {Alberto Rodríguez Saa} Opp1.F CC (Coalición Cívica) {Elisa Carrió} [Social Democrat] Opp2.F UCR (Radicalismo) {Roberto Lavagna} [left-liberal] Opp3.F AFJ (Alianza Frente Justicia,Unión y libertad){Alberto Rodríguez Saá} Opp4.F Soc (Socialismo) {Pino Solanas} [socialist] Opp5.F PRO (Propuesta Republicana) {Ricardo López Murphy } [right-liberal] OppOther.F MST (Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores) {Vilma Ripoll} OppOther.F PO (Partido Obrero) {Néstor Pitrola}

BULGARIA 1996 Gov1.F BSP Bulgarian Socialist party {Marasov—Pres.Candidate} [left] Gov1Leader.F2 {Videnov—BSP Prime minister} Opp1.F UDF Union of Democratic Forces{Stoyanov, Pres.candidate} [right] Opp1Leader.F2 {Kostov—UDF party leader} Opp2.F BBB Bulgarian Business Bloc {Ganchev} [center] Opp3.F BAPU Bulg.Agrarian People’s Union [right] Opp4.F MRF Movement for Rights and Freedom {Dogan} [right, Turkish] Opp5.F DP Democratic Party [right] OppNew1.F UNS National Salvation (Koburg—former King Simeon, later elected prime minister) OppNew2.F (indep) {Tomov}

CHILE 1994 Gov1.F PDC (Partido Demócrata Cristiano) {Frei} [center,Christian democratic] Gov1Leader.F2 {Aylwin, incumbent president} Gov1Leader.F3 {Foxley} Gov1Leader.F4 {Arraigada} Gov1Leader.F5 {Animat} Gov2.F PPD (Partido por la Democracia) {Lagos} [center-left] Gov3.F PS (Partido Socialista) {Correa} [left] Gov3Leader.F2 {Maira} Opp1.F RN (Partido Renovación Nacional) {Allamand} [right] Opp2.F UDI (Partido Unión Democrática) {Bombal} [right] Opp3.F PR (Partido Radical) [center-left] Opp4.F UCC (Partido Unión Centro Centro) [center] OppNew1.F {Max Neef, independent} OppOther PC (Partido Comunista) {Marín} [left]

CHILE 1999 Gov1.F PDC (Christian Democratic) Gov1Leader.F {Lagos, PPD} Gov2.F PPD (Partido por la Democracia) [center-left] Gov3.F PS [Socialist] Gov4.F PRSD Opp1.F RN (Partido Renovacíon Nacional) {Lavín} [right] Opp2.F UDI OppNew1.F PC OppNew2.F P H-V OppOther.F UCCP

GREECE 1996 Gov1.F PASOK (Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement) {Costas Simitis} [center-left] Opp1.F ND (New Democracy) {Evert} [center-right to right] Opp2.F Polan (Politike Anixi [Political Spring]) {Samaras} Opp3.F KKE (Greek Communist Party) {Aleka Papariga} [left to far left] Opp4.F Left (Left Coalition) {Nikos Kostantopoulos} [Left to center-left] OppNew1.F DemSoc (Democratic Social Movement) {Tsvolas}

GREECE 2004 Gov1.F PASOK (Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement) {George Papandreou} [center-left] Opp1.F ND (New Democracy) {Kostas Karamanlis} [center-right to right] Opp2.F KKE (Greek Communist Party) {Aleka Papariga} [left to far left] Opp3.F Syn (Synaspismos [Left Coalition]) {Nikos Kostantopoulos} [Left to center-left] OppNew1 LAOS (The People) {George Karatzaferis} [ultranationalist right]

HONG KONG 1998 Gov1.F LP (Liberal Party) {Alee} [pro-business] Gov2.F DAB (Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of HK) {Tsang} [pro- Beijing] Gov2Leader.F2 {Tung, pro-beijing chief administrator of HKSAR} Gov3.F (New Territories Alliance) Gov4.F (Communist Party, Pro-China Party, HK Progressive Alliance, Liberal Democratic Foundation Opp1.F DP (Democratic Party) {MLee} [pro-democracy] Opp2.F ADPL (Association for Democracy and People’s Livelihood) Opp3.F (The Frontier) Opp4.F (Citizens Party) Opp5.F (Democratic Camp) OppOther.F (Democratic Alliance; Pioneer; Atlas Alliance; FTU; Functional constituency; Independent) OppNew1Leader.F {Anson Chan, pro-democracy leader of civil service}

HUNGARY 1998 Gov1.F MSZP (socialist, post-Communist) {Horn} Gov2.F SZDSZ (liberal) {Kuncze} Opp2.F FKGP (center-right, populist Smallholders’ Party) {Torgyán} Opp4.F Fidesz (right) {Orbán} OppNew2.F MIEP (extreme right) {Csurka}

HUNGARY 2006 Gov1.F MSZP (Hungarian Socialist Party) {Gyurcsany} [left, post-Communist] Gov2.F SZDSZ (Alliance of Free Democrats) {Kuncze} [center-left] Opp1.F FIDESZ (Hungarian Civic Party) {Orban} [right] Opp2.F MDF (Hungarian Democratic Forum) {David} [center-right] OppNew1.F KDNP (Christian Democratic People’s Party) [center-right]

INDONESIA 1999 Gov1.F Golkar (Functional Groups) {Habbibi} [secular] Opp1.F PPP (Development Unity Party) {Haz} [Islamic] Opp2.F PDI-P OppNew1.F PKB (National Awakening Party) {Wahid} [Islamic] OppNew2.F PAN (National Mandate Party) {Rais} [Islamic] OppNew3.F PBB (Moon and Star Party) OppNew4.F PK OppNew5.F PKP OppOther.F PNU

INDONESIA 2004 Gov1.F PDIP (Indonesian Democracy Party-Struggle) {Sukarnoputri} [secular] Gov2.F Golkar (Functional Groups) {Tandjung} [secular] Gov3.F PPP (Development Unity Party) {Haz} [Islamic] Gov4.F PAN (National Mandate Party) {Rais} [Islamic] Gov5.F PBB (Moon and Star Party) Opp1.F PKB (National Awakening Party) {Wahid} [Islamic] Opp2.F PKS (Prosperous Justice Party) OppNew1Leader.F {Yudhoyono, no party} [secular]

ITALY 1996 Gov1.F FI (Forza Italia) {Berlusconi} [center-right] Gov2.F AN (Alleanza Nazionale) {Fini} [right] Gov3.F Lega (Lega Nord) {Bossi} [right, xenophobic] Gov4.F Ccd-Cdu (Centro cristiano democratico) {Casini} [center-right] Opp1.F PDS (Partito dei Democratici della Sinistra) {D’Alema} [center-left] Opp2.F RC (Rifondazione Comunista) {Bertinotti} [left] Opp3.F PPi-Svp-Pri-Ud (Popolari) [center-left] Opp4.F Federazione dei Verdi {Ripa di Meana} [left, post-materialist] Gov1Leader.F {Berlusconi} Opp1Leader.F {Prodi} Opp1Leader.F2 {D’Alema} Opp2Leader.F3 {Bertinotti} Gov2Leader.F2 {Fini}

ITALY 2006 Gov1.F FI (Forza Italia) {Berlusconi} [center-right] Gov2.F AN (Alleanza Nazionale) {Fini} [right] Gov3.F UDC (Unione Cristiana Democratica) {Casini} [center-right] Gov4.F Lega (Lega Nord) {Bossi} [right, xenophobic] Opp1.F DS (Democratici della Sinistra & Margherita) {Prodi} [center-left] Opp1Leader.F2 {Rutelli} Opp1Leader.F3 {Fassino} Opp1Leader.F4 {Alama} Opp2.F RF (Rifondazione Comunista) {Bertinotti} [left] Opp3.F Rosa (Rosa nel pugno) {Boselli} [left] Opp4.F Verdi (Verdi [greens]) {Scanio} [left, post-materialist] (ITALY 2001--recall question in 2006 survey) Gov1.F DS (Democratici di Sinistra) {Weltroni} [left] Gov2.F Margherita (former Partito Popolare, left-wing of DC) {Rutelli} [center- right] Gov3.F RC (Rifondazione Comunista) {Bertinotti} [Communist] Gov4.F Il Girasole (alliance of Socialists and Greens) {Boselli} [left postmaterialist] Gov5.F Comunisti Italiani [Comunist] Opp1.F FI (Forza Italia) {Berlusconi) [center-right] Opp2.F AN (Alleanza Nazionale) {fini} [right] Opp3.F Lega Nord {Bossi} [right, xenophobic] Opp4.F CCD-CDU {Biancofiore} [center-right, Christian democratic]

MEXICO 2006 Gov1.F PAN (National Action Party) {Calderon} [center-right] Opp1.F PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) {Madrazo} [center] Opp2.F PRD (Democratic Revolution Party) {López Obrador}[center-left] Opp3.F PVEM (Green Ecologist Party) [center-left] Opp4.F PT (Labor Party) [center-left] Opp5.F Convergencia [center-left] Opp6.F Nueva Alianza [center-left] OppNew1.F Alternativa Socialdemócrata y Campesina {Mercado}

MOZAMBIQUE 2005 Gov1.F Frelimo {Armando Guebuza} [leftist] Opp1.F Renamo {Afonso Dlhakama} [center-right] Opp2.F PDD Opp3.F PIMO

PORTUGAL 2005 Gov1.F PPD-PSD (Partido Social Democrata) {Lopes} [center-right] Gov2.F CDS-PP (Centro Democrático-Social/Partido Popular) {Portas} [right] Opp1.F PS (Partido Socialista) {Sócrates} [center-left] Opp2.F CDU (PCP/PEV) (Coligação Democrática Unitária [Partido Comunista Português/Partido Ecologista Verdes) {Sousa} [left] Opp3.F BE (Bloco de Esquerda) {Louçã} [left, postmaterialist]

SOUTH AFRICA 2004 Gov1.F ANC African National Congress {Mbeki} [center-left] Opp1.F DA Democratic Alliance {Leon} [center-right] Opp2.F IFP Inkhata Freedom Party {Buthelezi} [center-right, Zulu nationalist] Opp3.F NNP New National Party {Van Schalkwyk} [center-right] Opp4.F UDN United Democratic Party {Holomisa} [center] Opp5.F ACDP Af.Christian Dem. Party {(Moshoe} [right, Christian conservative] Opp6.F FF Freedom Front {Mulder} [Afrikaner nationalist conservative] OppNew1.F ID Independents {De Lille} [center-left]

SPAIN 1993 Gov1.F PSOE Socialist Party {González} [center-left] Gov1Leader.F2 {Alfonso Guerra, #2 in PSOE} Opp1.F PP People’s Party {Aznar} [center-right] Opp2.F IU United Left {Anguita} [left] Opp3.F CiU Convergence and Union {Pujol} [center-right Catalan party] Opp4.F PNV Basque Nationalist Party {Arzallus} [center-right Basque party] Opp5.F CDS Social & Democratic Center {Calvo Ortega} [center] OppNew1.F HB Popular Unity [anti-system, extreme left, ultranationalist, Basque] OppNew2.F ERC Catalan Republican Left [left, Catalonia]

SPAIN 2004 Gov1.F PP People’s Party {Rajoy—Candidate for PM} [center-right] Gov1Leader.F2 {Aznar—outgoing PP prime minister} Opp1.F PSOE Socialist Party {Rodríguez Zapatero} [center-left] Opp2.F IU United Left {Llamazares} [left] Opp3.F CiU Convergence and Union [center-right Catalan party] Opp4.F PNV Basque Nationalist Party [center-right Basque party] Opp5.F BNG Galego Nationalist Bloc [left, Galicia] Opp6.F PA Party of Andalucía [center-left, Andalucía] OppNew1.F ERC Catalan Republican Left [left, Catalonia] OppNew2.F EA Basque Solidarity [center, Basque party]

TAIWAN 2005 Gov1.F DPP {Chen Shui-Bian, President} Gov2.F TSU {Lee Teng-hui} Gov3.F TAIP Gov4.F Pan-Green (electoral alliance of DPP, TSU and TAIP) Opp1.F KMT {Lien Chan} Opp2.F PFP {James Soong} Opp3.F NP Opp4.F Pan-Blue (electoral alliance of KMT, PFP and NP)

UNITED KINGDOM 1992 Gov1.F Conservatives Opp1.F Labour Opp2.F Liberal Democrats Opp3.F Ulster Unionist Opp4.F SNP (Scotland) Opp5.F Plaid Cymru (Wales)

UNITED STATES 1992 Gov1.F Republicans (George H.W.Bush) Opp1.F Democrats (Bill Clinton)

UNITED STATES 2004 Gov1.F Republicans (George W. Bush) Opp1.F Democrats (John Kerry)

URUGUAY 1994 [Parties, (Factions), and {Presidential candidate supported by each faction}] Gov1.F Colorado Gov1.F1 Colorado (Foro Batllista) {Sanguinetti} Gov1.F4 Colorado (Cruzada 94) {Sanguinetti} Gov1.F5 Colorado (PGP) {Sanguinetti} Gov1.F2 Colorado (Batllismo Radical) {Batlle} Gov1.F3 Colorado (Pachequismo) {Pacheco} Gov1Leader.F {Sanguinetti} Gov1Leader.F2 {Batlle} Gov1Leader.F3 {Pacheco} Gov2 Nacional Gov2.F1 Nacional (Volonteismo) {Volonte} Gov2.F2 Nacional (Herrerismo) {Ramírez} Gov2.F3 Nacional (Mov. De Rocha) {Pereyra} Gov2.F4 Nacional (Renovación y Victoria) {Ramírez} Gov2Leader.F {Volonte} Opp1 EP-FA (Encuentro Progresista-Frente Amplio) {Vázquez} Opp1.F1 EP-FA (Asamblea Uruguay) Opp1.F2 EP-FA (P.Socialista) Opp1.F3 EP-FA (Vertiente Artiguista) Opp1.F4 EP-FA (MPP) Opp1.F5 EP-FA (Comunistas, or Democracia Avanzada) Opp1.F6 EP-FA (Nin Novoa, or Compromiso Progresista) Opp1.F7 EP-FA (UNIR) Opp1.F8 EP-FA (PDC) Opp1Leader.F {Vázquez} Opp2.F Partido Verde OppNew1.F NE (Neuvo Espacio) {Michelini} OppNew1Leader.F {Michelini} OppNew2.F Partido del Sol OppNew3.F Partido Azul

URUGUAY 2004 Gov1.F Colorado (social democratic) Gov2.F Nacional (liberal) Opp1.F EP-FA-NM (leftist coalition) OppNew1.F Independent (social democratic) Gov1.F1 Colorado {Foro Batllista) Gov1.2F Colorado {Batllismo 15} Gov1.3F Colorado {Unión Colorado y Batllista} Gov2.1F Nacional {Herrerismo} Gov2.F2 Nacional {Allianza Nacional} Gov2.F3 Nacional {Corriente Wilsonista} Opp1.F1 EP-FA-NM {Socialistas} Opp1.F2 EP-FA-NM {Asamblea Uruguay} Opp1.F3 EP-FA-NM {MPP [Tupamaros]} Opp1.F4 EP-FA-NM {Vertiente Artiguists} Opp1.F5 EP-FA-NM {Allianza Progresista} Opp1.F6 EP-FA-NM {Nuevo Espacio} Opp1.F7 EP-FA-NM {Democracia Avanzada [Communistas]} Opp1.F8 EP-FA-NM {radicals}