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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The qoali^ of this reproduction is dependent upon the qnali^ of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, piint bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqtroper alignment can adversefy afiect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wül indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for atqr photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. M) 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 ZAISHENG YUAN AND MENG LIJUN; PERFORMANCE, CONTEXT, AND FORM OF TWO TANCI DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mark A. Bender, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Kirk Denton Patrick B. Mullen C Advaser / Timothy C. Wong Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures UMI Number: 9525992 OMI Microform 9525992 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 To My Parents : Rev. George E. Bender and Pauline Ella (Pike) Bender 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank a number of people who in various ways have contributed to the writing of this dissertation and to my academic and personal development. Firstly, I owe great thanks to my adviser, Timothy C. Wong for his guidance and insight throughout the research and writing. Special thanks is in order for the other dissertation committee members, Kirk Denton and Patrick B. Mullen. Sun Jingyao, of Suzhou University, aided immensely at various stages of fieldwork and writing. I thank him deeply. I also wish to express thanks to Amy Shuman who read large portions of the manuscript and gave very useful criticisms. I must also thank all the wonderful teachers I have had contact with over the years in the department of East Asian Literatures and Languages at OSU. These include (but are not limited to) David Ch'en, Marjorie Chen, Eugene Ching, James Dai, Shelley Fenno, Yan-shuan Lao, Mari Noda, Royall Tyler, William Tyler, Galal Walker, Xiaomei Chen, and that inspiring early teacher, Nora Ching. A special thanks goes to Frank Hsueh, who provided counsel when we were in China many years back, and who was later on my Master's committee. iii Thanks also to Nikki Bado, Debbie Yu-chin Knicely, and Ana Franklin, supportive staff in the BALL. I owe thanks to professors in other departments at OSU, including Erika Bourignon, Eugene Holland, John Messenger, David Miller, Anthony Walker, Hao Chang, and the late Richard Bjornson. Thanks must be given to a number of scholars and literati worldwide who have helped and encouraged me, sometimes through years of correspondence. These include Deborah Akers, Nienu Baxi, Susan Blader, Dana Bourgerie, Chen Ju, John Deeney, John Einarsen, Hou Depeng, Hu Wenzi, Jia Zhifang, Steve Knicely, Li Minru, Li Zixian, Victor Mair, Lindy Li Mark, Meng Zhiren, John Rouzer, Shi Run, Shi Tong, Robert Sanders, Jerry Schmidt, Gary Snyder, John Stewart, Laurence Tyler, Wang Jiaxiang, Ivan Wolffers, Kenji Yamaguchi, and Zhong Jingwen. A belated thanks goes to the late Li Shizhong, Zhao Jingshen, Wolfram Eberhard, and the most influential of friends, Zha Ruqiang. I extend thanks to many others unacknowledged here. I deeply thank my research sponsors, the Committee on Scholarly Communication with China (CSCC), the U.S. Information Agency, and The Department of Education for funding my year of research in Suzhou, 1991-1992. I wish to acknowledge my thanks to The Ohio State University for its continued support, and especially for the Presidential Fellowship which I received for the 1993-1994 academic year. iv Among the many people to thank for help during ray stay at Suzhou University, and in some cases long after, Fan Bogun, Ma Yazhong, Zhou Zhengen, Shi Rujie, Li Zhuangjie, and Zhu Wenjiang. I thank Che Xilun (of the Yangzhou Teacher's College) for all his kindness. Special thanks is due tanci performer Gong Huasheng, leader of the Suzhou Pingtan Troupe, Cai Xiaojuan, Yuan Xiaoliang, Wang Jin, and the numerous other performers whom I met and worked with in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces during my fieldwork in 1991- 1992. Many of their names appear in this dissertation. I owe thanks to Zhou Liang and Wu Zongxi (Zuo Xian) in the Suzhou and Shanghai cultural bureaus, respectively. Professor Suzuki Takasi and Shi Haiqing saved me in several fieldwork situations. I thank them. Thanks is also due the staff of Suzhou University, especially to those helpful people in the Foreign Affairs office. I would like to thank John Miles Foley for allowing me to use material from his unpublished manuscript of The Singer of Tales in Performance. I thank my parents, grandparents, siblings, and in-laws for their constant support of my sometimes far-fetched activities. The much tried tolerance of my wife Fu Wei and son Marston has been unfailing, despite the numerous difficulties I have provided for them. I cannot thank them enough. Thanks also to those numerous persons who have in so many ways taught and directed me in matters of living. VITA October 8, 1955 ................... Born - Boston, Mass. 1980 ............................... B.A., The Ohio State University 1980-1981........................... Instructor, Department of Foreign Languages, Huazhong Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China 1981-1987 Instructor, Department of Foreign Languages Guangxi University, Nanning, China 1983-1989 Co-editor of COWRIE. A Chinese Journal of Comparative Literature 1987-1989 Graduate Research Associate, Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University 1991-1992 Research in Suzhou, China under CSCPRC Grant 1993-1994 Presidential Fellowship, The Ohio State University VI PUBLICATIONS Cleansing the Corpse: A Funeral Chant of the Yi Nationality, (forthcoming in D. Lopez, ed. A Reader on Religion in China. Princeton: Princeton University Press) Daur Folktales. Trans, with Su Huana. Beijing: New World Press, 1985. "Felling the Ancient Sweetgum": Antiphonal Epics of the Miao of Southeast Guizhou. Chinoperl Papers 15 (1990):27-44. Hxak Hmub: An Antiphonal Epic of the Miao of Southeast Guizhou, China. Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnology 7 (1988): 95-128. Keys to Performance in Kunming Pingshu (forthcoming in Chinoperl Papers) Observations on the Material Culture of the Yi of Panmao Township, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. In M. Sidsky, ed. Anthropology: Unity in Diversitv. Occasional Papers in Anthropology, 77-90. Vol. 4, 1989. Pingtan yishuiia pingzhuanlu. Reviewed in Journal of American Folklore 422 (1993):500-502. Seventh Sister and the Serpent: Narrative Poem of the Yi People. Beijing: New World Press, 1982. The Storyteller's Aesthetics and 'Song Sigong'. Journal of the Chinese Teacher's Association, XXIII (1988):55-67. [Tr. Shuoshuren de shenmei guan he 'Song Sigong'. In Goutong, Sun Jiangyao, ed. Zhu Jing and Li Jieyuan trans. Guilin: Guangxi renmin chubanshe, 1989, 286- 295. ] Tan-ci, Wen-ci, Chang-ci. Chinese Literature, Essays. Articles, and Reviews 6 (1984):121-124. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: East Asian Languages and Literatures Studies in oral performance, folkloristics, and national minorities in China Vll TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................... iii VITA .......................................................... Vi CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 A. Nature and Purpose of S t u d y .......... 1 B. The Genres Called Tanci ................. 5 C. The Performance-centered Approach .... 8 D. "Ways of Speaking" in Two Types of Tanci . 18 E. Approaching Status and Gender... .......... 23 F. Translation ..............................38 II. THE ZAISHENG YUAN STORY: CONTEXTS, AUTHORSHIP, FORM A. The Jiangnan R e g i o n ..................... 53 B. Elite Women in 18th Century China .... 54 C. The Author of Z S Y ....................... 58 D. The Story ........................... 59 E. Tanci Written by Women .................... 71 F. Formal Characteristics of Chen Duansheng's ZSY ....................... 74 III. TRANSLATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE "TWO WOMEN MARRY" SCENE IN ZSY A. Introduction ............................... 97 B. The Translation ......................... 98 C. The Translated Text ..................... 102 D. Analysis .................................
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