PSEUDOSCIENCE—Psychiatry's False Diagnoses

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“In short, the whole business of creating psychiatric categories of ‘disease,’ formalizing them with consensus, and subsequently ascribing diagnostic codes to them, which in turn leads to their use for insurance billing, is nothing but an extended racket furnishing psychiatry a pseudo-scientific aura. The perpetrators are, of course, feeding at the public trough.”

— Dr. Thomas Dorman Member of the Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom and Canada PSEUDOSCIENCE Psychiatry’s False Diagnoses

Report and recommendations on the unscientific fraud perpetrated by psychiatry

Published by Citizens Commission on Human Rights Established in 1969 CCHR_DSM CVR R25-2.ps 10/22/04 8:33 AM Page 2

Citizens Commission on Human Rights RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS ducation is a vital part of any initiative to reverse becoming educated on the truth about psychiatry, and that social decline. CCHR takes this responsibility very something effective can and should be done about it. IMPORTANT NOTICE Eseriously. Through the broad dissemination of CCHR’s publications—available in 15 languages— CCHR’s Internet site, books, newsletters and other show the harmful impact of psychiatry on racism, educa- For the Reader publications, more and more patients, families, tion, women, justice, drug rehabilitation, morals, the elderly, professionals, lawmakers and countless others are religion, and many other areas. A list of these includes: he psychiatric profession purports to be know the causes or cures for any mental disorder the sole arbiter on the subject of mental or what their “treatments” specifically do to the THE REAL CRISIS—In Mental Health Today CHILD DRUGGING—Psychiatry Destroying Lives health and “diseases” of the mind. The patient. They have only theories and conflicting Report and recommendations on the lack of science and Report and recommendations on fraudulent psychiatric T results within the mental health industry diagnosis and the enforced drugging of youth facts, however, demonstrate otherwise: opinions about their diagnoses and methods, and are lacking any scientific basis for these. As a past MASSIVE FRAUD—Psychiatry’s Corrupt Industry HARMING YOUTH—Psychiatry Destroys Young Minds 1. PSYCHIATRIC “DISORDERS” ARE NOT MEDICAL president of the World Psychiatric Association Report and recommendations on a criminal mental Report and recommendations on harmful mental health DISEASES. In medicine, strict criteria exist for stated, “The time when psychiatrists considered health monopoly assessments, evaluations and programs within our schools calling a condition a disease: a predictable group that they could cure the mentally ill is gone. In of symptoms and the cause of the symptoms or the future, the mentally ill have to learn to live PSYCHIATRIC HOAX—The Subversion of Medicine COMMUNITY RUIN—Psychiatry’s Coercive ‘Care’ Report and recommendations on psychiatry’s destructive Report and recommendations on the failure of community an understanding of their physiology (function) with their illness.” impact on health care mental health and other coercive psychiatric programs must be proven and established. Chills and fever are symptoms. Malaria and typhoid are diseases. 4. THE THEORY THAT MENTAL DISORDERS PSEUDOSCIENCE—Psychiatry’s False Diagnoses HARMING ARTISTS—Psychiatry Ruins Creativity Diseases are proven to exist by objective evidence DERIVE FROM A “CHEMICAL IMBALANCE” IN Report and recommendations on the unscientific fraud Report and recommendations on psychiatry assaulting the arts and physical tests. Yet, no mental “diseases” have THE BRAIN IS UNPROVEN OPINION, NOT FACT. perpetrated by psychiatry UNHOLY ASSAULT—Psychiatry versus Religion ever been proven to medically exist. One prevailing psychiatric theory (key to SCHIZOPHRENIA—Psychiatry’s For Profit ‘Disease’ Report and recommendations on psychiatry’s subversion of psychotropic drug sales) is that mental disorders Report and recommendations on psychiatric lies and religious belief and practice 2. PSYCHIATRISTS DEAL EXCLUSIVELY WITH result from a chemical imbalance in the brain. false diagnosis ERODING JUSTICE—Psychiatry’s Corruption of Law MENTAL “DISORDERS,” NOT PROVEN DISEASES. As with its other theories, there is no biological THE BRUTAL REALITY—Harmful Psychiatric ‘Treatments’ Report and recommendations on psychiatry subverting the While mainstream physical medicine treats or other evidence to prove this. Representative Report and recommendations on the destructive practices of courts and corrective services diseases, psychiatry can only deal with of a large group of medical and biochemistry electroshock and psychosurgery “disorders.” In the absence of a known cause or experts, Elliot Valenstein, Ph.D., author of ELDERLY ABUSE—Cruel Mental Health Programs PSYCHIATRIC RAPE—Assaulting Women and Children physiology, a group of symptoms seen in many Blaming the Brain says: “[T]here are no tests Report and recommendations on psychiatry abusing seniors Report and recommendations on widespread sex crimes different patients is called a disorder or syndrome. available for assessing the chemical status of against patients within the mental health system Harvard Medical School’s Joseph Glenmullen, a living person’s brain.” CHAOS & TERROR—Manufactured by Psychiatry M.D., says that in psychiatry, “all of its diagnoses DEADLY RESTRAINTS—Psychiatry’s ‘Therapeutic’ Assault Report and recommendations on the role of psychiatry in international terrorism are merely syndromes [or disorders], clusters of 5. THE BRAIN IS NOT THE REAL CAUSE Report and recommendations on the violent and dangerous use of restraints in mental health facilities symptoms presumed to be related, not diseases.” OF LIFE’S PROBLEMS. People do experience CREATING RACISM—Psychiatry’s Betrayal As Dr. Thomas Szasz, professor of psychiatry problems and upsets in life that may result in PSYCHIATRY—Hooking Your World on Drugs Report and recommendations on psychiatry causing racial emeritus, observes, “There is no blood or other mental troubles, sometimes very serious. But Report and recommendations on psychiatry creating today’s conflict and genocide biological test to ascertain the presence or to represent that these troubles are caused by drug crisis CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS absence of a mental illness, as there is for most incurable “brain diseases” that can only be REHAB FRAUD—Psychiatry’s Drug Scam The International Mental Health Watchdog bodily diseases.” alleviated with dangerous pills is dishonest, Report and recommendations on methadone and other harmful and often deadly. Such drugs are disastrous psychiatric drug ‘rehabilitation’ programs 3. PSYCHIATRY HAS NEVER ESTABLISHED THE often more potent than a narcotic and capable CAUSE OF ANY “MENTAL DISORDERS.” Leading of driving one to violence or suicide. They mask WARNING: No one should stop taking any psychiatric drug without the psychiatric agencies such as the World Psychiatric the real cause of problems in life and debilitate advice and assistance of a competent, non-psychiatric, medical doctor. Association and the U.S. National Institute of the individual, so denying him or her the oppor- Mental Health admit that psychiatrists do not tunity for real recovery and hope for the future.

This publication was made possible by a grant from the United States International Association of Scientologists Members’ Trust.

Published as a public service by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights CCHR in the United States is a non-profit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) public benefit corporation recognized by the Internal Revenue Service.

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© 2004 CCHR. All Rights Reserved. CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, CCHR and the CCHR logo are trademarks and service marks owned by Citizens Commission on Human Rights. Printed in the U.S.A. Item #18905-9 CCHR_DSM-1.ps 10/18/04 3:49 PM Page 1

PSEUDOSCIENCE Psychiatry’s False Diagnoses

CONTENTS Introduction: ‘Disease’ by Psychiatric Opinion and Decree ...... 2

Chapter One: A Scientific Fraud...... 5

Chapter Two: Junk Science in Our Schools ...... 11

Chapter Three: False Testimony in Our Courts ...... 15

Chapter Four: A Workable Mental Health System ...... 19

Recommendations ...... 23 Citizens Commission on Human Rights International ...... 24

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INTRODUCTION ‘Disease’ by Psychiatric Opinion and Decree

ave you ever heard of the following ders are established without scientific basis and proce- mental disorders: reading disorder, dis- dure,” a psychologist attending the DSM hearings ruptive behavior disorder, disorder of said. “The low level of intellectual effort was shocking. written expression, mathematics dis- Diagnoses were developed by majority vote on the order, caffeine intoxication disorder, level we would use to choose a restaurant. Then it’s Hnicotine withdrawal disorder, noncompliance with typed into the computer. It may reflect on our naiveté, treatment disorder, or “physical abuse of a child prob- but it was our belief that there would be an attempt to lem” and “sexual abuse of a child problem?” look at the things scientifically.”2 These are a few of the 374 mental disorders In 1987, a “self-defeating personality disorder” that are listed in the American Psychiatric was voted in as a provisional label. Used to describe Association’s (APA) “self-sacrificing” people, Diagnostic and Statistical “Making lists of behaviors, especially women, who Manual of Mental applying medical-sounding labels to supposedly choose careers Disorders (DSM) or in or relationships that are the mental disorders people who engage in them, then using likely to cause disap- section of the World the presence of those behaviors to pointment, the “disor- Health Organization’s prove they have the illness in question is der” met with such International Classifi- scientifically meaningless. It tells us protest from women it cation of Diseases (ICD). nothing about causes or solutions. was subsequently voted Depicted as diagnos- out of DSM-IV.3 tic tools, the DSM and It does, however, create the Lynne Rosewater, a ICD are not only used to reassuring feeling that something psychologist who attend- diagnose mental and medical is going on.” ed a DSM hearing emotional disturbances — John Read, senior lecturer in psychology, presided over by one of and prescribe “treat- Auckland University, New Zealand, 2004 the manual’s leading ment,” but also to resolve architects, psychiatrist child custody battles, discrimination cases based on Robert Spitzer, reported, “[T]hey were having a dis- alleged psychiatric disability, augment court testimo- cussion for a criterion about Masochistic Personality ny, modify education, and much more. In fact, when- Disorder and Bob Spitzer’s wife, [a social worker and ever a psychiatric opinion is sought or offered, the the only woman on Spitzer’s side at that meeting] DSM or the ICD are presented and, increasingly says, ‘I do that sometimes’ and he says, ‘Okay, take it accepted, as the final word on sanity, insanity, and so- out.’ You watch this and you say, ‘Wait a second, we called mental illness. don’t have a right to criticize them because this is a Canadian psychologist Tana Dineen reports, ‘science’?”4 “Unlike medical diagnoses that convey a probable Dr. Margaret Hagen, psychologist and author of cause, appropriate treatment and likely prognosis, Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony the disorders listed in DSM-IV [and ICD-10] are and the Rape of American Justice is blunt about the real terms arrived at through peer consensus”—literally, motive that lies behind the DSM voting system: “If a vote by APA committee members—and designed you can’t come up with the diagnosis, you can’t largely for billing purposes.1 send a bill.”5 The “science-by-vote” procedure is as surprising According to Professors Herb Kutchins and to a layperson as it is to other health professionals, who Stuart A. Kirk, authors of Making Us Crazy, “Far too have witnessed DSM voting meetings. “Mental disor- often, the psychiatric bible has been making us CCHR_DSM_R1-3.ps 10/17/04 8:46 PM Page 3

crazy—when we are just human.” The “bitter medicine” is that DSM has “attempted to medicalize too many human troubles.”6 Kutchins and Kirk further state that people “may gain false comfort from a diagnostic psychiatric manual that encourages belief in the illusion that the harshness, brutality, and pain in their lives and in their communities can be explained by a psychiatric label and eradicated by a pill. Certainly, there are plenty of problems that we all have and a myriad of peculiar ways that we struggle … to cope with them. But could life be any different?” Paul R. McHugh, professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine said that because of the DSM, “Restless, impatient people are convinced that they have attention deficit disorder Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has 886 pages of (ADD); anxious, vigilant people that they suffer from such illnesses. … Making lists of behaviors, applying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); stubborn, medical-sounding labels to people who engage in orderly, perfectionistic people that they are afflicted them, then using the presence of those behaviors to with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); shy, prove they have the illness in question is scientifically sensitive people that they manifest avoidant personal- meaningless. It tells us nothing about causes or solu- ity disorder (APD), or social phobia. All have been tions. It does, however, create the reassuring feeling persuaded that what are really matters of their indi- that something medical is going on.”8 viduality are, instead, medical problems, and as such DSM has become so widely relied upon within are to be solved with drugs. … And, most worrisome society that it has taken on the aura of scientific fact. of all, wherever they look, such people find psychia- Millions now use and believe in its diagnostic abilities, trists willing, even eager, to accommodate them. … In never once suspecting that the whole premise and the its recent infatuation with symptomatic, push-button system itself are fraudulent. These people are at risk of remedies, psychiatry has lost its way not only intellec- making seriously wrong, even fatal, turns in either tually but spiritually and morally.”7 their own lives, or the lives of others. In June 2004, John Read, senior lecturer in psy- This publication fills in the very large and deliber- chology at Auckland University, New Zealand wrote, ate gaps left by psychiatric propaganda about its key “More and more problems have been redefined as claim to “scientific” fame, the DSM. ‘disorders’ or ‘illnesses,’ supposedly caused by genetic predispositions and biochemical imbalances. Life Sincerely, events are relegated to mere triggers of an underlying biological time-bomb. Feeling very sad has become ‘depressive disorder.’ Worrying too much is ‘anxiety disorder.’ Excessive gambling, drinking, drug use or eating are also illnesses. So are eating, sleeping, or having sex too little. Being painfully shy has become Jan Eastgate ‘avoidant personality disorder.’ Beating people up is President, Citizens Commission ‘intermittent explosive disorder.’ Our Diagnostic and on Human Rights International CCHR_DSM_R1-4.ps 10/17/04 8:46 PM Page 4

IMPORTANT FACTS Simon Wessley, professor at King’s College and the Maudsley Hospitals, South London, organized a poll and vote by 1 150 mental health specialists from around the globe. In their professional opinion the DSM was one of the 10 worst publications in psychiatry’s history.

Mental “disorders” are voted into and out of existence based on factors that have nothing to do with medicine. In fact, psychiatry admits 2 that it has not proven the cause or source of a single mental “illness”.

The theory that a “chemical imbalance” causes “mental illness” 3 has been thoroughly discredited. While psychiatrists claim that brain scans can detect certain mental disorders, there is no scientific proof 4 and medical experts say that such assertions are unethical.

The APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) states the term “mental 5 disorder” continues to appear in the volume “because we have not found an appropriate substitute.”

Psychiatric disorders are voted into existence and published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). In 2001, an international poll of mental health experts voted DSM-IV as one of the 10 worst psychiatric publications of the millennium, “a monster, out of control.” CCHR_DSM_R1-5.ps 10/17/04 8:46 PM Page 5

CHAPTERA Scientific ONE Fraud

n a significant departure from medical diag- used by mental health clinicians.”9 nosis, psychiatric diagnoses are devoted to Their dreams have remained an illusion. categorization of symptoms only, not the The deepening reliance upon DSM in many observation of actual physical disease. None social sectors is under increasing attack because of of the diagnoses are supported by scientific its lack of scientific validity. evidenceI of biological disease or a mental illness of Psychiatrist Matthew Dumont, who has written any kind. about DSM’s hollow pretensions to scientific Margaret Hagen, Ph.D. points out: “There are a authority, cites the APA’s inability to even define a great many ways to do science badly, and the junk mental disorder: “They say: “...while this manual science that makes up the bulk of the body of provides a classification of mental disorder...no def- ‘knowledge’ of clinical inition adequately spec- psychology manages to ifies precise boundaries exemplify every one of for the concept....They them. … Our legal sys- “The time when [APA] go on to say: ‘... tem has been told that psychiatrists considered that there is no assumption clinical psychology is a that each mental disor- scientific discipline, that they could cure the mentally der is a discrete entity its theories and metho- with sharp boundaries dology are those of a ill is gone. In the future, the between it and other mature science, and our mental disorders or legal system has mentally ill have to learn to between it and no men- believed it. Given the live with their illness.” tal disorder.’”10 deplorable state of the ‘science’ of clinical — Dr. Norman Sartorius, Psychiatrists psychology, that is truly former president of the World Cannot Define Psychiatric Association, 1994 unbelievable.” ‘Mental Disorder’ Herb Kutchins and Imagine a medical Stuart A. Kirk, authors doctor treating high of Making Us Crazy, state: “There are indeed many blood pressure or diabetes, who cannot even define illusions about DSM [Diagnostic and Statistical what it is. Now consider that not one psychiatrist Manual of Mental Disorders] and very strong needs can define what he is supposedly “treating.” among its developers to believe that their dreams of ❚ On schizophrenia, the DSM-II admitted, scientific excellence and utility have come true, “Even if it had tried, the Committee could not that is, that its diagnostic criteria have bolstered establish agreement about what this disorder is; the validity, reliability, and accuracy of diagnoses it could only agree on what to call it.”

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FUNDING TACTIC Invent More ‘Mental Illnesses’ ❚ In DSM-III psychiatrists said there is no satisfactory definition that specifies precise ith the dual tactics of psychiatrists inventing boundaries for the “concept ‘mental disorder.’… more and more mental disorders for inclusion in For most of the DSM-III disorders … the etiolo- the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental gy [cause] is unknown. A variety of theories W have been advanced … not always convincing— Disorders (DSM), and initiating expansion campaigns to increase market penetration—such as the 1963 Community to explain how these disorders come about.” ❚ Mental Health Centers Act and the 1990 “Decade of the Brain,” DSM-IV claimed the term “mental disor- the U.S. National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) has der” continues to appear in the volume “because we have not found an appropriate garnered millions in government appropriations—with no substitute.” commensurate benefit to society. ❚ According to Allen J. Frances, professor of psychiatry at Duke University Medical Center and chair of the DSM-IV Task Force, “There 1000 1949—National Institute of Mental could arguably not be a worse term than mental Health (NIMH) is established. disorder to describe the conditions classified in DSM-IV.” 1952—Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental ❚ Disorders first published. DSM-I lists 112 mental disorders. Psychiatric diagnoses are a combination of social engineering and “what’s good for business,” never medicine. In 1973, APA committee 800 1963—Community Mental Health Act is passed. members voted—5,584 to 3,810—to cease calling homosexuality a mental disorder after gay activists picketed the APA conferences. 1968—DSM-II lists ❚ 163 mental disorders. Lawrence Stevens, a former Assistant District Attorney in California, commented: “If mental illness were really an illness in the same 600 1980—DSM-III lists 224 mental disorders. sense that physical illnesses are illnesses, the idea of deleting homosexuality or anything else from the categories of illness by having a vote 1987—DSM-III-R lists 253 mental disorders. would be as absurd as a group of physicians voting to delete cancer or measles from the con- 11 400 cept of disease.” 1990—NIMH launches ❚ “Decade of the Brain”. In 1994, psychiatrist Norman Sartorius, later president of the World Psychiatric Association (1996–1999), declared at a meeting 1994—DSM-IV lists of a congress of the Association of European 374 mental disorders. Psychiatrists, “The time when psychiatrists con- 200 sidered that they could cure the mentally ill is gone. In the future the mentally ill have to learn to live with their illness.”12 TODAY—New disorders continue ❚ € to be invented and added to the list. In 1995, after more than $6 billion ( 4.9 billion) in taxpayer money had been poured into

NIMH Funding in Millions of U.S. Dollars psychiatric research, psychiatrist Rex Cowdry, director of the U.S. National Institute of Mental 1963 1990 1949 1968 1980 1987 1952 1994 2004 CCHR_DSM_R1-7.ps 10/17/04 8:46 PM Page 7

Health, agreed with the WPA chief: “We do not know the causes [of mental illness]. We don’t In a significant departure have the methods of ‘curing’ these illnesses yet.” from medical diagnosis, psychiatric ❚ Dr. Thomas Dorman, a member of the Royal College of Physicians of the United diagnoses are devoted to Kingdom and Canada, wrote, “In short, the categorization of symptoms only, whole business of creating psychiatric categories of ‘disease,’ formalizing them with consensus, not the observation of actual physical and subsequently ascribing diagnostic codes to disease. None of the diagnoses are them, which in turn leads to their use for insurance billing, is nothing but an extended racket supported by scientific evidence of furnishing psychiatry a pseudo-scientific aura. biological disease or The perpetrators are, of course, feeding at the public trough.”13 mental illness of any kind. PERMEATING SOCIETY The DSM* Influence * Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders The mental disorders ❚ n 2001, Simon Wessley, professor of psychiatry at Force a person to continue taking powerful, listed in the Diagnostic King’s College and the Maudsley Hospital, South nerve- and brain-damaging drugs while living and Statistical London, organized a poll and vote by 150 mental in the community. I ❚ Manual of Mental health specialists from around the globe to determine Defraud a person’s health insurance. the 10 worst psychiatric publications in psychiatry’s his- ❚ Bill insurance companies for psychiatrists Disorders (DSM) have tory. Among them was the fourth edition of DSM. The sexually assaulting their patients, while calling been included with no poll determined, “If you are not in the DSM-IV, you are it “therapy.” scientific basis or proof. not ill. It has become a monster, out of control.”14 Today, the DSM “monster” is used to: ❚ Determine a parent’s or individual’s mental fitness. ❚ Remove a child from the custody of his or her parents. ❚ Determine a prospective employee’s ability to do a job. ❚ Deprive a person of his or her right to vote in some countries. ❚ Determine if a person is fit to plead “guilty” in a criminal trial. ❚ Incarcerate a defendant indefinitely in psychiatric care rather than being found guilty of a crime and serving a finite sentence. ❚ Prevent a person from being released from jail or paroled. ❚ Invalidate a person’s will. ❚ Break legal contracts and override a person’s wishes regarding business or property. ❚ Involuntarily incarcerate a person in a psychiatric institution where electroshock treatment and drugs can be forcibly administered. CCHR_DSM_R1-8.ps 10/17/04 9:54 PM Page 8

BLAMING THE BRAIN The ‘Chemical Imbalance’ Fraud

“There's no biological imbalance. When people come to me and they say, ‘I have a biochemical imbalance,’ I say, ‘Show me your lab tests.’ There are no lab tests. So what’s the biochemical imbalance?”

— Dr. Ron Leifer New York psychiatrist

he cornerstone of psychiatry’s disease model today is the theory Tthat a brain-based, chemical imbalance causes mental illness. Popular- ized by marketing, the notion is no more than psychiatric wishful thinking. As with all of psychiatry’s mental “disease” mod- els, it has been thoroughly discredited by researchers, psychiatrists, psychologists and medical doctors. ❚ Diabetes is a biochemical imbalance. However, “the definitive test and biochemical imbalance is a high blood sugar balance level. Treatment in severe cases is insulin injections, which restore sugar balance. The symptoms clear and retest shows the blood sugar is normal,” said Joseph Glenmullen of Harvard Medical School. “Nothing like a sodium imbalance or blood sugar imbalance exists for depression or any other psychiatric syndrome.” ❚ In 2002, Dr. BOGUS BRAIN THEORY Thomas Szasz, professor Presented in countless illustrations in popular of psychiatry emeritus, magazines, psychiatric researchers have dissected, stated: “There is no labeled and analyzed the brain while assailing the blood or other biological public with the latest theory of what is wrong with it. test to ascertain the pres- What is lacking, as with all psychiatric theory, is ence or absence of a scientific validity. As Dr. Elliot Valenstein explained, mental illness, as there is “[T]here are no tests available for assessing the chemical status of a living person’s brain.”

Elliot Valenstein CCHR_DSM_R1-9.ps 10/17/04 9:54 PM Page 9 The Scam of Brain Scans

“First, no biological etiology [cause] has been proven for any psychiatric disorder … in spite of decades of research. … So don’t accept the myth that we can make an ‘accurate diagnosis’. … Neither should you believe that your problems are due solely to a ‘chemical imbalance.’”

— Edward Drummond, M.D., Associate Medical Director at Seacoast Mental Health Center in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

for most bodily diseases. If such a test were developed (for what, theretofore, had been considered a laims or suggestions that today’s brain imaging psychiatric illness), then the condition would cease technology has proven that mental illness is caused by to be a mental illness and would be classified, C diseases or chemical imbalances in the brain are pure instead, as a symptom of a bodily disease.” psychiatric fancy. ❚ In his book, The Complete Guide to ❚ Steven Hyman, director of the U.S. National Institute of Psychiatric Drugs, published in 2000, Edward Mental Health admits that use of such brain scans produce “pret- Drummond, M.D., Associate Medical Director at ty but inconsequential pictures of the brain.” Seacoast Mental Health Center in Portsmouth, New ❚ While psychiatrists claim that brain scans can now detect Hampshire, stated, “First, no biological etiology certain mental disorders, a May 2004 article in The Mercury [cause] has been proven for any psychiatric disorder News says that many doctors warn that the use of such scans is … in spite of decades of research. … So don’t accept “unethical” and “dangerous,” quite apart from not being scien- the myth that we can make an ‘accurate diagnosis’. tifically validated. “The $2,500 (€2,040) evaluation offers no use- … Neither should you believe that your problems ful or accurate information.”19 are due solely to a ‘chemical imbalance.’”15 ❚ Quoted in the same article, psychiatrist M. Douglas Mar ❚ Bruce Levine, Ph.D., psychologist and author said, “There is no scientific basis for these claims [of using brain of Commonsense Rebellion concurs: “Remember scans for psychiatric diagnosis]. At a minimum, patients should that no biochemical, neurological, or genetic mark- be told that SPECT is highly controversial.”20 ers have been found for attention deficit disorder, ❚ “An accurate diagnosis based on a scan is simply not pos- oppositional defiant disorder, depression, schizo- sible. I wish it were,” stated Dr. Michael D. Devous from the phrenia, anxiety, compulsive alcohol and drug Nuclear Medicine Center at the University of Texas Southwestern abuse, overeating, gambling, or any other so-called Medical Center.21 mental illness, disease, or disorder.”16 ❚ Dr. Mark Graff of the California Psychiatric Association, ❚ Elliot Valenstein, Ph.D., author of Blaming the candidly admitted, “The history of medicine is littered with lovely Brain, is unequivocal: “[T]here are no tests available procedures that end up not working at all. We wish there was a for assessing the chemical status of a living test that is so easy and definitive. But first we want independent person’s brain.”17 confirmation that it works.”22 ❚ Psychiatrist David Kaiser said, “…[M]odern ❚ Despite the abundance of alleged biochemical explana- psychiatry has yet to convincingly prove the genet- tions for supposed psychiatric conditions, Joseph Glenmullen ic/biologic cause of any single mental illness. … of Harvard Medical School is emphatic: “Not one has been Patients [have] been diagnosed with ‘chemical proven. Quite the contrary. In every instance where such an imbalances’ despite the fact that no test exists to imbalance was thought to have been found, it was later support such a claim, and … there is no real con- proven false.” ception of what a correct chemical balance would look like.”18 CCHR_DSM_R1-10.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 10

IMPORTANT FACTS

17 million children worldwide are now prescribed some form of psychotropic drug because of DSM-style “diagnoses,” none of 1 which have scientific merit.

Psychiatry’s list of symptoms for “ADHD” contains behaviors that almost all 2 children exhibit. The primary drug used to treat “ADHD” is highly addictive, with suicide 3 being a major complication of withdrawal.

Millions of children are prescribed antidepressants, one of which has been associated with more deaths 4 and other serious adverse effects than any other drug in history.

In 2003 and 2004, regulatory agencies in Britain, Australia, Canada, Europe and the U.S. 5 warned doctors not to prescribe certain antidepressants for under-18-year-olds because of the risk of suicide.

A new breed of drugs has moved into mainstream society, propelled by bad psychiatric science and “learning disorders” that list childhood behavior as mental “illnesses.” The result is a virtual epidemic of drug use creating childhood dependence on psychiatric prescription drugs and a bitter toll in crime, violence and ruined lives. CCHR_DSM_R1-11.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 11

CHAPTERJunk Science TWO in Our Schools

n most countries there are very few families or Pushing Dangerous Drugs teachers whose lives have not been interrupt- According to psychiatrist and neurologist Dr. ed in some way by the widespread drugging Sydney Walker III, author of The Hyperactivity Hoax, of children with prescribed, mind-altering “A child who sees a DSM-oriented doctor is almost drugs. Seventeen million children worldwide assured of a psychiatric label and a prescription, areI now prescribed some form of psychotropic drug. even if the child is perfectly fine. … This willy-nilly More and more frequently, psychiatrists and labeling of virtually everyone as mentally ill is a psychologists tell parents that their child suffers serious danger to healthy children, because virtually from a disorder affecting all children have his or her ability to enough symptoms to learn—called a Learning “Blood flow delivers the get a DSM label and a Disorder (LD), Attention necessary energy source drug. And, of course, Deficit Disorder (ADD), DSM labeling is a dan- or most commonly (glucose) to the brain. The brain ger to ill children, today, Attention Deficit cannot function without glu- whose true diagnoses Hyperactivity Disorder cose. It has been observed that remain undiscovered (ADHD). and untreated.” DSM-IV lists the many children who take Ritalin The drugs pre- ADHD symptoms as: (or other stimulants) exhibit scribed to children are fails to give close atten- not safe and effective; tion to details or may zombie-like behavior.” on the contrary, they are make careless mistakes — Ty C. Colbert, psychologist, dangerous and addic- in schoolwork or other author of Rape of the Soul: How the tive. The Physicians’ tasks; work is often Chemical Imbalance Model of Modern Desk Reference Guide Psychiatry Has Failed Its Patients messy or careless; has reports increased heart difficulty sustaining rate and blood pressure attention in tasks or play activities; fails to complete can result from the use of the major stimulant drug schoolwork, chores or other duties; often fidgets that is used to “treat” ADHD.23 Suicide is a major with hands or feet or squirms in seat; often runs complication of withdrawal from this stimulant and about or climbs excessively in situations in which it similar amphetamine-like drugs.24 The U.S. Drug is inappropriate; is often “on the go”; often talks Enforcement Administration (DEA) warned that excessively; and interrupts or intrudes on others taking Ritalin predisposes the user to cocaine’s rein- (e.g., butts into conversations or games). forcing effect—in other words, addiction. Using these criteria, nearly every child could be Psychologist Ty C. Colbert, author of Rape of the diagnosed as “suffering” from ADHD. Soul: How the Chemical Imbalance Model of Modern

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What Experts Say About ADHD

“These drugs make children more manageable, Psychiatry Has Failed Its Patients, explains that Ritalin not necessarily better. ADHD is a phenomenon, restricts blood flow to the brain: “Blood flow deliv- not a ‘brain disease.’ Because the diagnosis of ers the necessary energy source (glucose) to the ADHD is fraudulent, it doesn’t matter whether brain. The brain cannot function without glucose. It a drug ‘works.’ Children are being forced to take a has been observed that many children who take drug that is stronger than cocaine for a disease Ritalin (or other stimulants) exhibit zombie- like behavior.”25 that is yet to be proven.” Millions of children are also prescribed antide- — Beverly Eakman, best-selling author pressants, especially Selective Serotonin Reuptake and president of the U.S. National Education Inhibitors (SSRIs). In 2003, the British medicine reg- Consortium, 2004 ulatory agency warned doctors not to prescribe SSRI antidepressants for under 18-year-olds because of “ADHD is not like diabetes and [the stimulant used for it] the risk of suicide. The following year, the U.S. Food is not like insulin. Diabetes is a real medical condition that can and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a similar be objectively diagnosed. ADHD is an invented label with warning, as did Australian, Canadian and European no objective, valid means of identification. Insulin is a natural agencies. In October 2004, the FDA took this much hormone produced by the body and it is essential for life. further, ordering that a “black box” warning be [This stimulant] is a chemically derived amphetamine-like prominently placed on SSRI bottles, emphasizing drug that is not necessary for life. Diabetes is an insulin the fact that the drugs can cause suicide. But this warning does not go far enough. Children are dying, deficiency. Attention and behavioral problems are not a are killing others or being turned into addicts [stimulant] deficiency.” because of these and other psychiatric drugs. Their — Dr. Mary Ann Block, author of No More ADHD future will only be safeguarded when the unscientific “mental disorders” they are diagnosed with are “A child who sees a DSM-oriented doctor is abolished and dangerous psychotropic drugs are almost assured of a psychiatric label and a prohibited. Over a 10-year period, one SSRI was associated with more hospitalizations, deaths, or prescription, even if the child is perfectly fine. … other serious adverse reactions reported to the U.S. This willy-nilly labeling of virtually everyone as Food and Drug Administration than any other drug mentally ill is a serious danger to healthy children, in history. 26 because virtually all children have enough symptoms to get a DSM label and a drug. And, of course, Regarding the ADHD Diagnosis DSM labeling is a danger to ill children, whose In 2004, Beverly Eakman, best-selling author and true diagnoses remain undiscovered and untreated.” president of the U.S. National Education Consortium, — Dr. Sydney Walker III, stated: “These drugs make children more manageable, author of The Hyperactivity Hoax not necessarily better. ADHD is a phenomenon, not a ‘brain disease.’ Because the diagnosis of ADHD is “When a child’s behavior is labeled as a disease fraudulent, it doesn’t matter whether a drug ‘works.’ they believe they have something wrong with their Children are being forced to take a drug that is brains that makes it impossible for them to control stronger than cocaine for a disease that is yet to themselves without using a pill.” be proven.” 27 — Dr. Fred A. Baughman Jr., Dr. Louria Shulamit, a family practitioner in Israel, a pediatric neurologist and Fellow of said, “ADHD is a syndrome, not a disease (by defini- the American Academy of Neurology tion). As such, it is diagnosed by symptoms. The CCHR_DSM_R1-13.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 13

symptoms of this syndrome are so common that we can conclude that all children, especially boys, fit this diagnosis.”28 Dr. Fred A. Baughman Jr., a pediatric neurologist and Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, tells parents, teachers and children that they have been horribly betrayed when a child’s behavior is labeled as a disease.29 Psychiatrists misleadingly argue that ADHD requires “medication” in the same way that diabetes requires insulin treatment. Dr. Mary Ann Block, author of No More ADHD, points out that “The psychiatrist does not do any testing. The psychiatrist listens to the history and then pre- scribes a drug.” She states further: “ADHD is not like diabetes and [the stimulant used for it] is not like insulin. Diabetes is a real medical condition that can be objectively diagnosed. ADHD is an invented label with no objective, valid means of identification. Diabetes is an insulin deficiency. Attention and behavioral problems are not a [stim- “DSM makes children good ulant] deficiency.” candidates for imprisonment in “If there is no valid test for ADHD,” Dr. psychiatric wards if they do any five tempers, become easily Block adds, “no data of the following: argue with adults, annoyed, act spiteful, proving ADHD is a brain defy adult requests, do things that blame others for their dysfunction … why in annoy others, lose their tempers, mistakes, get angry and the world are millions of resentful or swear.30 children, teenagers and become easily annoyed, act spiteful, According to Dr. adults … being labeled blame others for their mistakes, get Thomas Szasz, “Because with ADHD and pre- angry and resentful or swear.” the mental diseases that scribed these drugs?” supposedly afflict chil- — Barry Glassner, sociologist at the Psychiatrists have dren are undeniably mis- University of Southern California also redefined teen be- behaviors, and because havior as a mental the child mental patient “disease” with disorders such as “Conduct Disorder” is in an even more helpless position than the adult and “Oppositional Defiant Disorder.” mental patient, child psychiatry is a doubly proble- In his 2002 book, The Culture of Fear, Barry matic enterprise.”31 Furthermore, “delinquency is not a Glassner, a sociologist at the University of Southern disease, like diabetes. … Although the term juvenile California, said the DSM makes children good candi- delinquency implies that the child so diagnosed is dates for imprisonment in psychiatric wards if they do guilty of a misconduct, the diagnosis is often made in any five of the following: argue with adults, defy adult the absence of any proof that the accused child actual- requests, do things that annoy others, lose their ly disobeyed authority or broke the law.”

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IMPORTANT FACTS

In legal matters, psychiatrists rarely agree in their diagnoses 1 of a witness, defendant, etc. According to the DSM itself, when the “(mental disorder) descriptions are employed for forensic purposes, there are 2 significant risks. …” It is “not sufficient to establish the existence for legal purposes of a ‘mental disorder,’ in relation to competency, criminal responsibility or disability.”

In 2003, The Psychiatric Times published an article calling the DSM “a laughingstock for the 3 other medical specialties.”

It is a psychiatric invention that criminality is excusable 4 due to insanity.

Testifying for the defense, psychologists claimed that the Menendez brothers (later convicted) suffered from “learned helplessness” when they opened fire on and murdered their parents with shotguns. CCHR_DSM_R1-15.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 15

CHAPTERFalse Testimony THREE in Our Courts

ne of the greatest harms perpetrated thereupon found the man ‘not guilty by reason of by the use of the DSM is reliance upon insanity’ and ‘still insane’ and committed him to the it for the “insanity” defense in our hospital which had just testified it had found him courts. While this defense has been without mental disorder.” around since the 1800s, it donned a In 1994, two California juries become hopelessly O“scientific” mantle with the introduction of the DSM in deadlocked in the trials of Erik and Lyle Menendez, 1952. The entire gist of psychiatric testimony is that the adult brothers who had brutally killed their parents in criminal is not responsible for committing the crime. the family’s $4 million (€3.2 million) home. A team of Psychiatry’s dilemma is that rarely can its members psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists were hired agree on what criminal to build their defense. responsibility means. One psychologist testi- The problems creat- fied that the brothers suf- ed by this have plagued “Why not just flip pennies or fered from “learned the court system for draw cards? Why not put on a helplessness” as a result decades. Forty years ago, of intense, repeated in a 1962 article in the blindfold and choose without abuse. Another psychol- Northwestern Law Review, being able to identify the ogist claimed the boys psychiatrist Alfred Baur patients? It could hardly hurt [a had “post-traumatic cited a case where his stress disorder.” hospital received a diagnostic] accuracy rate that The deadlock came patient for a three-month hovers at less than one out of about because of the psy- observation before he three times correct. …” chiatric notion that crim- was to go on trial. Baur inality is excusable and and two colleagues con- Dr. Margaret Hagen, Ph.D., 1997 that no two psychiatrists cluded that he had “no could agree on the boys’ mental disorder.” The mental diagnosis. court, however, appointed two private psychiatrists to ❚ According to the DSM, itself, “When give their expert diagnosis. After inspection, one the DSM-IV categories, criteria, and textual descrip- announced that the patient was a paranoid schizo- tions are employed for forensic purposes, there are sig- phrenic; the other said he was merely in a paranoid nificant risks that diagnostic information will be mis- state. During the trial, the two hospital psychiatrists used and misunderstood.” testified that the patient was not insane, while the two ❚ And it is “not sufficient to establish the existence court-appointed psychiatrists insisted that he was. for legal purposes of a ‘mental disorder,’ ‘mental dis- The ludicrousness of this situation was under- ability,’ ‘mental disease,’ or ‘mental defect,’” in relation scored, as Baur reported, by the fact that “the jury to competency, criminal responsibility or disability.

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❚ The late Jay Ziskin, a psychologist who led a could even pretend to such an ability is ludi- movement to eliminate psychiatry from the court sys- crous. …”32 tem, stated in a 1988 paper, “Studies show that pro- In 1884, more than a hundred years ago, the New fessional clinicians do not in fact make more accurate York Court of Appeals already concluded that clinical judgments than laypersons.” It’s about as reli- “twelve jurors of common sense and common expe- able as predicting the future by gazing at a crystal ball. rience” would do better on their own than with the ❚ Authors of Making Us Crazy, Kutchins and Kirk help of hired experts, “whose opinions cannot fail to found “ample reason to conclude that the latest ver- be warped by a desire to promote the cause in which sions of DSM as a clinical tool are unreliable and there- they are enlisted.”33 fore of questionable validity as a classification system.” However, psychiatrists and psychologists have ❚ Dr. Hagen is forthright about psychiatrists and been “warping” their opinion in the courts ever since. psychologists redefining criminal behavior as “dis- In the process, the “pursuit of truth, the whole truth ease”: “Why not just flip pennies or draw cards? Why and nothing but the truth has given way to reams of not put on a blindfold and choose without being able meaningless data, fearful elaborate speculation, and to identify the patients? It could hardly hurt [a diag- fantastic conjecture. Courts resound with elaborate, nostic] accuracy rate that hovers at less than one out systemized, jargon-filled, serious-sounding decep- of three times correct. … There is no psychological tions that fully deserve the contemptuous label used cure for the desire to beat up women, to rape and by trial lawyers themselves: junk science.”34 murder them. The very idea that [psychology] today Justice is the action taken on an individual by a society after that person has violated BUILDING THE BUSINESS society’s legal and criminal codes. It is an In 1998, psychiatry penetrated the action taken by the physician’s domain with the release of group to ensure its the World Health Organization’s own survival. When a “Guide to Mental Health in Primary psychiatrist testifies Care” kit, designed to facilitate and that a criminal is insane promote a medical doctor’s use based on the “junk sci- of psychiatric behavioral checklists ence” in the DSM, and for diagnosing mental “disorders.” should be acquitted or Psychiatry’s lack of scientific merit treated instead of was compensated for by invasive imprisoned, justice is and “hard sell” marketing. subverted into serving the individual instead of the group. In this way, psychiatrists have succeeded in weakening, even negating, the only legal means that society has to protect itself from criminal elements.

The pre-packaged list of symptoms enables diagnosis by checklist, with a pre-determined treatment plan and referral of patients to psychiatrists. CCHR_DSM_R1-17.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 17

LIES EXPOSED Dismantling the DSM ‘Monster’

arginalized by the field of Mmedicine because of its lack of scientific credentials, psychiatry today works hard to create an apparent scientific image for its diagnostic system, the DSM, and the use of prescription psychiatric drugs. In 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO) produced a “Mental Disorders in Primary Care” kit that was distributed internationally to make it “easi- er” for primary care physicians to diagnose mental illness.35 Based on the DSM-IV and ICD-10, the kit was designed to garner more business for the mental health system and involved doctors checking off a list of patient symptoms to “These people have no ethics “diagnose” a mental disorder. They would also at all. They’re morally bankrupt. act as referral agents to They’re like the grave robbers in that psychiatric practice is psychiatrists who would governed by a diagnostic treat the more “serious” old England who provided system that “is a laughing- disorders. cadavers for the medical schools.” stock for the other med- As a result of such ical specialties.” marketing efforts, gen- — Paul McDevitt, Massachusetts counselor J. Allan Hobson and eral practitioners now speaking about mental health fraud, 1993 Jonathan A. Leonard, prescribe up to 80% of authors of Out of Its antidepressants. Mind, Psychiatry in Peter Tyrer, professor of community psychiatry at Crisis, A Call for Reform, stated: “… DSM-IV’s author- Imperial College, London, stated in 2003: “I always say itative status and detailed nature tends to promote that DSM stands for the Diagnosis of Simple Minds; it the idea that rote diagnosis and pill-pushing are provides what Americans [psychiatrists] call ‘opera- acceptable.” 37 tional criteria’ for the diagnosis of conditions. Basically, “Many of the new ‘sufferings of the soul,’” which if you have a certain quota then you have the condi- is how Swiss psychiatrist Asmus Finzen tags many of tion. It has led to a tickbox mentality. Well, you are a the DSM “disorders,” are nothing more than normal bad clinician if you have to do that. Doctors should be ups and downs in life. Being isolated gets inflated to finding out about the person.”36 “antisocial.” Natural sadness has also been classified in Doctors are certainly finding out about the sham psychiatry as an “adaptation disorder.” 38 of psychiatry and its diagnostic invention: It is vital that medical practitioners universally In April 2003, in a Psychiatric Times article enti- reject the DSM diagnostic system as a pseudo-medi- tled, “Dump the DSM,” psychiatrist Paul Genova said cine and as a danger to their patients. CCHR_DSM_R1-18.ps 10/17/04 9:42 PM Page 18

IMPORTANT FACTS

Patients with actual physical conditions are routinely misdiagnosed with psychiatric disorders, drugged 1 and institutionalized.

Numerous studies show that undiagnosed physical problems can cause behavioral 2 and emotional problems. According to UCLA medical professor, Melvyn R. Werback, physicians diagnosing mental 3 illness should check the patient’s dietary history and other nutritional factors.

One state’s mental health evaluation field manual says that mental health professionals 4 have a “legal obligation to recognize physical disease” that “may cause a patient’s mental disorder….”

Proper medical screening by non-psychiatric diagnostic specialists could eliminate 5 more than 40% of psychiatric admissions.

The emphasis of any mental health solution must be based on workable mental healing methods, beginning with a non-psychiatric medical examination of the patient and a diagnosis of any treatable physical ills affecting mental well-being. CCHR_DSM_R1-19.ps 10/17/04 10:05 PM Page 19

CHAPTERA Workable Mental FOUR Health System

rusted with the care for our mentally of the medical examination” and “if indicated, disturbed, psychiatry has failed utter- perform selective evaluative laboratory testing.” ly to provide any humane solutions The following is a small sample of literature to their plight. In fact, medical—not and studies showing that undiagnosed, physical psychiatric—doctors can treat such problems can be causing unwanted behavioral Tdisturbance far more effectively. Charles B. and emotional problems: Inlander, president of The People’s Medical ❚ W.V. Tamborlane, professor of pediatrics at Society, wrote in Medicine on Trial, “People with the Yale University School of Medicine, reported real or alleged psychiatric or behavioral disorders that when 14 healthy children were given a dose are being misdiag- of sugar equivalent to nosed—and harmed— two frosted cupcakes to an astonishing degree. “Mental health professionals for breakfast, adrena- … Many of them do not line levels rose to ten have psychiatric prob- working within a mental health times their baseline lev- lems but exhibit physi- system have a professional and a els, suggesting “chil- cal symptoms that may dren may be prone to mimic mental condi- legal obligation to recognize the such symptoms as anxi- tions, and so they are presence of physical disease in ety, irritability and diffi- misdiagnosed, put on culty concentrating fol- drugs, put in institu- their patients … physical diseases lowing a sugar meal.”40 tions, and sent into a may cause a patient’s mental ❚ A high-protein, limbo from which they low-carbohydrate and may never return. …”39 disorder [or] may worsen a sugar-free diet has In a book reflecting mental disorder. …” helped reduce excessive clinical research into activity in children. In a nutritional influences — California Department of study conducted on 20 on mental illness, Mental Health Medical Evaluation “learning disabled” chil- Melvyn R. Werbach, Field Manual, 1991 dren who were placed M.D., assistant clinical on such a diet, 90% professor at the Uni- showed widespread versity of California at Los Angeles School of improvements in hyperactive symptoms.”41 Medicine, recommends that in diagnosing ❚ “Children with early-stage brain tumors can patients, physicians should check “dietary histo- develop symptoms of hyperactivity or poor ry and current eating patterns,” “examine the attention. So can lead- or pesticide-poisoned patient for signs of nutritional deficiencies as part children. So can children with early-onset dia-

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betes, heart disease, worms, viral or bacterial infections, malnutrition, head injuries, genetic disorders, allergies, mercury or manganese exposure, petit mal seizures, and hundreds—yes hundreds—of other minor, major, or even life- threatening medical problems. Yet all these children are labeled hyperactive or ADD,” said psychiatrist and neurologist Dr. Sydney Walker III, author of The Hyperactivity Hoax. ❚ Professor Stephen J. Shoenthaler, Ph.D., a California State University criminologist, conducted a study at 12 juvenile correction institutions and 803 public schools, in which the researchers increased fruits and vegetables and whole grains and decreased fats and sugars in children’s diets. The juvenile institutions exhibited 47% less “antisocial behavior” in 8,076 confined juvenile delinquents. In the schools, the academic performance of 1.1 million children rose 16% and learning disabilities fells 40%.42 ❚ Studies show the frequency with which physical illnesses are misdiagnosed as “mental illness”—in one study, 83% of people referred by clinics and social workers for psychiatric treatment had undiagnosed physical illnesses; 42% of those diagnosed with “psychoses” were later found to be suffering from a medical illness, 48% of those diagnosed by psychiatrists for mental treatment had an undiagnosed physical condition. Another study found that 76% of patients with certain types of cancer exhibited supposed psychiatric symptoms as a first indicator of the physical illness. 43 ❚ Several diseases closely mimic schizophrenia, fooling both patient and physician. Dr. A. A. Reid lists 21 conditions, beginning with an increasingly common one, “the temporary psychosis brought on by amphetamine drugs.” Dr. Reid explained that drug-induced psychosis is complete with delusions of persecution and hallucinations, and “is often indistinguishable from an acute or paranoid-schizophrenic illness.” 44 People suffering from mental disturbance should first obtain a full and searching medical—not psychiatric—examination. According to the California Department of Mental health Medical Evaluation Field Manual (1991), “Mental health professionals working within a mental health system have a professional and a legal obligation to recognize the presence of physical disease in their patients ... physical diseases may (Continued on page 22) CCHR_DSM_R1-21.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 21 FALSE DIAGNOSIS Real Remedies Can Save Lives

he following individuals were falsely diagnosed with a DSM mental disorder and then pre- Tscribed psychiatric drugs, only to find out later that they had an undiagnosed, untreated and purely physical complaint. ❚ “When I was 18, I spent three weeks in a mental hospital for what I was told was ‘depression.’ I was on psychiatric drugs for ten months after that. The drugs made me feel lethargic, impatient and irritable. They also clouded my thinking [but] I was so convinced by the ‘experts’ that I had some fundamental brain chemistry problem and that their drugs were my only hope. Years later I was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome as well as debilitating food allergies! This was the cause of my so-called depression.” ❚ A psychiatrist diagnosed a young girl who had trouble making friends, was irritable and had stopped eating, as suffering from an eating disorder. She was prescribed an antidepres- sant, became suicidal, was given more psychotropic drugs and her “Charlie” was a child who condition worsened. She suffered violent mood swings was then diagnosed with “personality disor- and had low grades. Labeled as with a cane, has difficulty der not otherwise speci- “hyperactive,” he was put on speaking and has brain fied” and “borderline Ritalin. But after after a thorough damage. … People need personality disorder.” to receive proper medical “Nothing made sense,” physical [and] proper medical testing before they are the mother said. The treatment, his “hyperactive labeled, drugged and more they treated her, thrown into the psychi- the worse her problems behaviors cleared, his aggression atric system.” became. A proper med- and tantrums stopped, and ❚ “Charlie” was a 10- ical exam later found she his grades went up.” year-old who suffered suffered two infections, violent mood swings, one whose symptoms yelled obscenities, kicked include brain inflamma- his sister, couldn’t control tion and impaired thinking. The medical doctor deter- his temper at school, and had low grades. He was mined she was not “mentally ill.” Once treated with labeled as “hyperactive.” His mother was told, “You antibiotics, she recovered. have two choices: give him Ritalin, or let him suffer.” ❚ “My wife Dianne was experiencing mood Charlie was put on Ritalin, but a second medical opin- swings and erratic behavior. Without any physical ion—based on physical examination and thorough examination, psychiatrists labeled her mentally ill and testing—discovered he had high blood sugar and low gave her tranquilizers and antidepressants. She got insulin. “Either condition, if uncontrolled, can lead to worse and worse while my insurance company paid mood swings, erratic behavior, and violent out- and paid. … One day she was so ill that I had to rush bursts—the very symptoms ‘hyperactive’ Charlie had her to a hospital emergency ward. Only then did we exhibited,” Dr. Sydney Walker III stated. After proper find the truth: she was suffering from a rare liver dis- medical treatment, his “hyperactive behaviors cleared, ease. Mistreated for all those months, she ended up his aggression and tantrums stopped, and his grades with permanent physical damage and has to walk went up.” CCHR_DSM_R1-22.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 22

“When psychiatrists label a child or [adult], they’re labeling people because of symptoms. They do not have any pathological diagnosis; they do not have any laboratory diagnosis; … it’s totally unscientific.” — Dr. Julian Whitaker, author of the respected Health & Healing newsletter

cause a patient’s mental disorder [or] may wors- it will show on the X-ray. In psychiatry, it’s just crys- en a mental disorder. …”45 tal-balling, fortune-telling; it’s totally unscientific.” Dr. Julian Whitaker author of the respected Psychiatry would prefer to say or imply that Health & Healing newsletter, says: “When only brain-based, mental “illnesses” can affect irra- psychiatrists label a child or [adult], they’re labeling tional behavior or thinking, that they need long- people because of symptoms. They do not have any term, if not life-long care, and that they are incur- pathological diagnosis; they do not have any labo- able. These falsehoods have been so successfully ratory diagnosis; they cannot show any differentia- disseminated throughout the mental health system tion that would back up the diagnosis of these psy- and amongst the public, that countless numbers chiatric ‘diseases.’ Whereas if you have a heart have become trapped as lifelong patients of psy- attack, you can find the lesion; if you have diabetes, chiatric and psychological services. your blood sugar is very high; if you have arthritis These falsehoods must be exposed. CCHR_DSM_R1-23.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 23

RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations

Mental health homes must be established to replace coercive psychiatric institutions. These must have medical diagnostic equipment, which non-psychiatric medical doctors can use to thoroughly examine and test 1 for all underlying physical problems that may be manifesting as disturbed behavior. Government and private funds should be channeled into this rather than abusive psychiatric institutions and programs that have proven not to work.

Establish rights for patients and their insurance companies to receive refunds for psychiatric treatment which did not achieve the promised result or improvement, or which resulted in proven harm to the individual, 2 thereby ensuring that responsibility lies with the individual practitioner and psychiatric facility rather than with the government or its agencies.

Clinical and financial audits of all government-run and private psychiatric facilities that receive government subsidies or insurance payments should 3 be done to ensure accountability and statistics on admissions, treatment, and deaths, without breaching patient confidentiality, should be compiled for review.

Establish or increase the number of psychiatric fraud investigation units to 4 recover funds that are embezzled through the mental health system. Government, criminal, educational, judicial and other social agencies should not rely on the DSM and no legislation should use this as a basis 5 for determining the mental state, competency, educational standard or rights of any individual.

PSEUDOSCIENCE Recommendations 23 CCHR_DSM_R1-24.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 24

Citizens Commission on Human Rights International

he Citizens Commission on Human CCHR’s work aligns with the UN Universal Rights (CCHR) was established in Declaration of Human Rights, in particular the 1969 by the Church of Scientology to following precepts, which psychiatrists violate on investigate and expose psychiatric a daily basis: violations of human rights, and to Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, clean up the field of mental healing. liberty and security of person. Today, it has more than 130 chapters in over 31T countries. Its board of advisors, called Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture Commissioners, includes doctors, lawyers, educa- or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or tors, artists, business professionals, and civil and punishment. human rights representatives. Article 7: All are equal before the law and While it doesn’t provide medical or are entitled without any discrimination to equal legal advice, it works closely with and supports protection of the law. medical doctors and medical practice. A key CCHR Through psychiatrists’ false diagnoses, stigma- focus is psychiatry’s fraudulent use of subjective tizing labels, easy-seizure commitment laws, brutal, “diagnoses” that lack any scientific or medical depersonalizing “treatments,” thousands of indi- merit, but which are used to reap financial benefits viduals are harmed and denied their inherent in the billions, mostly from the taxpayers or human rights. insurance carriers. Based on these false diagnoses, CCHR has inspired and caused many hun- psychiatrists justify and prescribe life-damaging dreds of reforms by testifying before legislative treatments, including mind-altering drugs, which hearings and conducting public hearings into psy- mask a person’s underlying difficulties and chiatric abuse, as well as working with media, law prevent his or her recovery. enforcement and public officials the world over.

CITIZENS COMMISSION on Human Rights 24 CCHR_DSM_R1-25.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 25

MISSION STATEMENT

THE CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS investigates and exposes psychiatric violations of human rights. It works shoulder-to-shoulder with like-minded groups and individuals who share a common purpose to clean up the field of mental health. We shall continue to do so until psychiatry’s abusive and coercive practices cease and human rights and dignity are returned to all.

Dr. Julian Whitaker, M.D., Dr. Giorgio Antonucci, M.D., Italy: Director, Whitaker Wellness Institute, “Internationally, CCHR is the only California, author of “Health & Healing”: group that effectively fights and puts an “CCHR is the only nonprofit end to psychiatric abuse.” organization that is focused on the abuses of psychiatrists and the psychiatric The Hon. Raymond N. Haynes, profession. The over-drugging, the California State Assembly: labeling, the faulty diagnoses, the lack of “The contributions that the scientific protocols, all the things that no Citizens Commission on Human Rights one realizes is going on, CCHR has International has made to the local, focused on, has brought to the public’s national and international areas on and government’s attention, and has behalf of mental health issues are made headway in stopping the kind of invaluable and reflect an organization steam-rolling effect of the psychiatric devoted to the highest ideals of mental profession.” health services.”

For further information: CCHR International 6616 Sunset Blvd. Los Angeles, CA, USA 90028 Telephone: (323) 467-4242 • (800) 869-2247 • Fax: (323) 467-3720 www.cchr.org • e-mail: [email protected] CCHR_DSM_R1-27.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 27

CCHR National Offices

CCHR Australia CCHR France CCHR Japan CCHR Russia Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on Human Rights Australia Human Rights France Human Rights Japan Human Rights Russia P.O. Box 562 (Commission des Citoyens pour 2-11-7-7F Kitaotsuka P.O. Box 35 Broadway, New South Wales les Droits de l’Homme—CCDH) Toshima-ku Tokyo 117588 Moscow, Russia 2007 Australia BP 76 170-0004, Japan Phone: 7095 518 1100 Phone: 612-9211-4787 75561 Paris Cedex 12 , France Phone/Fax: 81 3 3576 1741 Fax: 612-9211-5543 Phone: 33 1 40 01 0970 CCHR South Africa E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 33 1 40 01 0520 CCHR Lausanne, Switzerland Citizens Commission on E-mail: [email protected] Citizens Commission Human Rights South Africa CCHR Austria on Human Rights Lausanne P.O. Box 710 Citizens Commission on CCHR Germany (Commission des Citoyens pour Johannesburg 2000 Human Rights Austria Citizens Commission on les droits de l’Homme— CCDH) Republic of South Africa (Bürgerkommission für Human Rights Germany— Case postale 5773 Phone: 27 11 622 2908 Menschenrechte Österreich) National Office 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland Postfach 130 (Kommission für Verstöße der Phone: 41 21 646 6226 CCHR Spain A-1072 Wien, Austria Psychiatrie gegen E-mail: [email protected] Citizens Commission on Phone: 43-1-877-02-23 Menschenrechte e.V.—KVPM) Human Rights Spain E-mail: [email protected] Amalienstraße 49a CCHR Mexico (Comisión de Ciudadanos por los 80799 München, Germany Citizens Commission Derechos Humanos—CCDH) CCHR Belgium Phone: 49 89 273 0354 on Human Rights Mexico Apdo. de Correos 18054 Citizens Commission on Fax: 49 89 28 98 6704 (Comisión de Ciudadanos por 28080 Madrid, Spain Human Rights E-mail: [email protected] los Derechos Humanos—CCDH) Postbus 55 Tuxpan 68, Colonia Roma CCHR Sweden 2800 Mechelen 2, CCHR Greece CP 06700, México DF Citizens Commission on Belgium Citizens Commission on E-mail: Human Rights Sweden Phone: 324-777-12494 Human Rights [email protected] (Kommittén för Mänskliga 65, Panepistimiou Str. Rättigheter—KMR) CCHR Canada 105 64 Athens, Greece CCHR Monterrey, Mexico Box 2 Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission on 124 21 Stockholm, Sweden Human Rights Toronto CCHR Holland Human Rights Monterrey, Phone/Fax: 46 8 83 8518 27 Carlton St., Suite 304 Citizens Commission on Mexico E-mail: [email protected] Toronto, Ontario Human Rights Holland (Comisión de Ciudadanos por los M5B 1L2 Canada Postbus 36000 Derechos Humanos —CCDH) CCHR Taiwan Phone: 1-416-971-8555 1020 MA, Amsterdam Avda. Madero 1955 Poniente Citizens Commission on E-mail: Holland Esq. Venustiano Carranza Human Rights [email protected] Phone/Fax: 3120-4942510 Edif. Santos, Oficina 735 Taichung P.O. Box 36-127 E-mail: [email protected] Monterrey, NL México Taiwan, R.O.C. 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Box 37020 Wellesley Street Human Rights United Kingdom Faksingevej 9A 61369 Tel Aviv, Israel Auckland 1, New Zealand P.O. Box 188 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark Phone: 972 3 5660699 Phone/Fax: 649 580 0060 East Grinstead, West Sussex Phone: 45 39 62 9039 Fax: 972 3 5663750 E-mail: [email protected] RH19 4RB, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 44 1342 31 3926 CCHR Norway Fax: 44 1342 32 5559 CCHR Finland CCHR Italy Citizens Commission on E-mail: [email protected] Citizens Commission on Citizens Commission Human Rights Norway Human Rights Finland on Human Rights Italy (Medborgernes CCHR Zurich, Switzerland Post Box 145 (Comitato dei Cittadini per i menneskerettighets-kommisjon, Citizens Commission on 00511 Helsinki, Finland Diritti Umani—CCDU) MMK) Human Rights Switzerland Viale Monza 1 Postboks 8902 Youngstorget Sektion Zürich 20125 Milano, Italy 0028 Oslo, Norway Postfach 1207 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 8026 Zürich, Switzerland Phone: 41 1 242 7790 E-mail: [email protected] CCHR_DSM_R1-28.ps 10/17/04 8:47 PM Page 28 REFERENCES References 1. Dr. Tana Dineen, Ph.D., Manufacturing Victims, Third Co., New Jersey, 1998), pp. 1896–1897. Edition (Robert Davies Multimedia Publishing, Montreal, 24. DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 2001), p. 86. Washington, D.C., 1987), p. 136. 2. Paula J. Caplan, Ph.D., They Say You’re Crazy (New York: 25. Ty C. Colbert, Ph.D., Rape of the Soul: How the Chemical Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995), p.90. Imbalance Model of Modern Psychiatry Has Failed Its Patients 3. Dr. Sydney Walker III, M.D., A Dose of Sanity (John Wiley (Kevco Publishing, California, 2001), p. 78. & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995), p. 19. 26. Ibid., p. 117. 4. Op. cit., Paula J. Caplan, They Say You’re Crazy, p. 91 27. Kelly Patricia O’Meara, “New Research Indicts Ritalin,” 5. Margaret Hagen, Ph.D., Whores of the Court, The Fraud of Insight Magazine, 7 Sept. 2001. Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of American Justice (Harper 28. Louria Shulamit, M.D., Family Practitioner, Israel, Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, 1997), p. 77. 2002—quote provided to CCHR International, 22 June 2002. 6. Herb Kutchins and Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy: 29. Dr. Fred Baughman Jr. M.D., http://www.adhdfraud.com. The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders (The Free Press, New York, 1997), pp. 260, 263. 30. Paul Campos, “Beware Timeless Malady; Witch Hunt,” Deseret News (Utah), 6 July 2003. 7. Paul R. McHugh, “How Psychiatry Lost Its Way,” American Jewish Committee Commentary, 1 Dec. 1999. 31. Thomas Szasz, M.D., Cruel Compassion (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994), p. 67. 8. John Read, “Feeling Sad? It Doesn’t Mean You’re Sick,” New Zealand Herald, 23 June 2004. 32. Op. cit., Margaret Hagen, Whores of the Court, p. 165. 9. Op. cit., Kutchins and Kirk, Making Us Crazy, pp. 260, 263. 33. Op. cit., Dr. Tana Dineen, Manufacturing Victims, p. 155. 10. Op. cit., Paula J. Caplan, Ph.D., They Say You’re Crazy, 34. Ibid., p. 155–156. pp. 221–222. 35. Ibid., Foreword. 11. Lawrence Stevens, J.D., “Does Mental Illness Exist?,” 36. Anjana Ahuja, “It’s Time to Stop Taking the Tablets— undated article, Internet address: You’re Not Ill, You’re Just Alive,” The Times (United http://www.mentalhealthfacts.com/antipsychiatry/ Kingdom), 19 Feb. 2003. exist.htm, accessed: 9 Jan. 2001. 37. J. Allan Hobson and Jonathan A. Leonard, Out of Its 12. Lars Boegeskov, “Mentally Ill Have to Have Help—Not Mind, Psychiatry in Crisis, A Call for Reform (Perseus to be Cured,” Politiken 19 Sept. 1994. Publishing, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2001), p. 125. 13. “Introducing Thomas Dorman, M.D.,” Internet address: 38. Jörg Blech, “Die Abschaffung der Gesundheit,” Der http://www.libertyconferences.com/dorman.htm. Spiegel (Germany), 11 Aug. 2003, p. 122. 14. “Ten Things That Drive Psychiatrists to Distraction,” 39. Op. cit., Dr. Sydney Walker III, M.D., p.14. The Independent, United Kingdom, 19 Mar. 2001. 40. Dr. Melvyn R. Werbach, M.D., Nutritional Influences on 15. Edward Drummond, M.D., The Complete Guide to Mental Illness, A Sourcebook of Clinical Research, Second Psychiatric Drugs (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000), Edition (Third Line Press, Inc., California, 1999), p. 85. pp. 15–16. 41. Ibid., p. 83. 16. Bruce D. Levine, Ph.D., Common Sense Rebellion: 42. Dr. Mary Ann Block, No More ADHD (Block Books, Debunking Psychiatry, Confronting Society (Continuum, New Texas, 2001), p. 84; Stephen Schoenthaler, Ph.D., York, 2001), p. 277. “Institutional Nutritional Policies and Criminal Behavior,” 17. Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., Blaming the Brain (The Free Nutrition Today, May/June, 1985 Press, New York, 1998), p. 4. 43. Dr. David E. Sternberg, M.D., “Testing for Physical 18. David Kaiser, M.D., “Commentary: Against Biologic Illness in Psychiatric Patients,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Psychiatry,” Psychiatric Times, Dec. 1996. Vol. 47, No. 1, Jan. 1986, Supplement, p. 5; Dr. Richard C. 19. Lisa M. Krieger, “Some Question Value of Brain Scan; Hall, M.D. et al., “Physical Illness Presenting as Psychiatric Untested Tool Belongs in Lab Only, Experts Say,” The Disease,” (Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 35, Nov. 1978), Mercury News, 4 May 2004. pp. 1315–16. 20. Ibid. 44. Patrick Holford and Hyla Cass, M.D., Natural Highs (Penguin Putnam Inc., New York, 2002), pp. 125–126. 21. Ibid. 45. Lorrin M. Koran, Medical Evaluation Field Manual, 22. Ibid. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford 23. Physicians’ Desk Reference—1998 (Medical Economics University Medical Center, California, 1991, p. 4. CCHR_DSM CVR R25-2.ps 10/22/04 8:33 AM Page 2

This publication was made possible by a grant from the United States International Association of Scientologists Members’ Trust.

PHOTO CREDITS: Page 9: Tom & Dee Ann McCarthy/Corbis; page 14: LA Daily News/Corbis; page 20: David Buffington/Getty; page 21: Jim Cummins/Getty; page 22: Tom & Dee Ann McCarthy/Corbis.

— Dr. Thomas Dorman Member of the Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom and Canada PSEUDOSCIENCE Psychiatry’s False Diagnoses

Report and recommendations on the unscientific fraud perpetrated by psychiatry

Published by Citizens Commission on Human Rights Established in 1969