Det Lange Møde

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Det Lange Møde P O W E L L & PRESSBURGER Det lange møde Powell & Pressburger var foregangsmænd i engelske film - fra krigens beredskabsfilm over den dokumentarisme-inspirerede realisme til studieeksperimenter med showfilm og melodrama. Alligevel blev de ofte overhalet a f udviklingen. En nyvurdering efter Museets serie. Fra deliriumscenen i Hemmeligt våben. manns eventyr (51) for at opnå det defini­ tive dødsstød med Oh, Rosalinda! (55). Udbrændt afviklede de deres parløb ved at hægte sig på Ranks triste krigs­ film. De gik så hver til sit, og Powell banede vej for sin egen kult med Fotomodeller ja- ges (60). Efter National Film Theater’s retrospektive serie i 1978 voksede deres anseelse igen, nu i et uafklaret kaos om­ kring postmodernismen, hvor de i deres vægtigste indsats blev vurderet som fad­ dere til kunst- og musikvideoen - en ny proportionsforvridning af dimensioner. O ptakten Deres fælles instruktørperiode resulte­ rede i eget produktionsselskab, The Ar- chers (1943-56), hvis bomærke var en halmskydeskive, hvor en pil smak i plet e engelske instruktører Michael Po- - en overgang så velkendt som Rank- D well og Emeric Pressburger har af Carl Nørrested muskelbundtet ved tempelgonggongen. haft en underlig skæbne som skiftevis Emeric (egl. Imre) Pressburger højt anskrevne, nedvurderede, nærmest (1902-88) stammede fra Ungarn ligesom glemte og senest genopdagede. tradition sat æstetisk til vægs af den ita­ den engelske storproducent Alexander Deres berømmelse som patrioter gav lienske neorealisme. Korda og havde arbejdet som manu­ dem en høj status i krigspropagandaen, Som eksperimentatorer arbejdede de skriptforfatter både i Ungarn, Tyskland hvor det blev dem overladt at lave nok originalt med udnyttelsen af farvefil­ og Frankrig. I 1938 blev han hentet til Europas største beredskabsfilm, 49. men og melodramagenren, som de am­ England af Korda, bl.a. for at sætte skik breddegrad. Det skete netop da dens mål bitiøst udviklede til såkaldte ’composed på Roland Pertwees manuskript til Mi­ - at engagere USA i krigen - var forpas­ films’ (filmkompositioner), film der chael Powell-filmen Den sorte spion (39). set. Beredskabsfilmene blev hurtigt blandede de musiske kunstgenrer, bl.a. Michael Powell (f. 1905) havde en for­ glemt som kunstværker i efterkrigsti­ opera og ballet, på filmens betingelser. holdsvis traditionel karriere indenfor den, og Powell &. Pressburger søgte at Dette forsøg afvikledes gennem 50erne britisk film, bl.a. som instruktør 1931-34 forny sig indenfor tidens realisme og men tog sig anstrengt og tamt ud i for­ af såkaldte ’quota quickies’, hurtige, bil­ æstetiske eksperimenter. hold til amerikanske musical. lige produktioner til opfyldning af den Som skildrere af engelsk virkelighed Opnåede de ikke den helt centrale fastsatte nationale andel af biografud- var deres smag for germansk, bl.a. hav­ placering i filmhistorien, så var deres buddet, siden 1927 finansieret med en de de forkærlighed for afhoppere som indsats dog bemærkelsesværdig, og de distributionsafgift. I perioden 1931-37 Conrad Veidt, Anton Walbrook. Alfred skabte film der forsat står som hoved­ instruerede han ikke mindre end 24 Junge og Hein Heckroth. Det gjorde værker, især En sag om liv eller død og spillefilm. Den mest kendt er The Edge dem sekundære i den britiske filmkritik, Sorte lilje. of the World. Den er ganske vist en sen­ både overfor den samtidige hverdagsrea- Deres indsats indenfor realismen ræk­ sationsfilm, men dens produktionsfor­ listiske tradition, hvor Carol Reed og ker i hovedtræk fra Powells Edge of the hold, inspireret af den samtidige engel­ David Lean blev foretrukket, og overfor World (1937) til Det hændte i Skotland ske dokumentarisme, peger fremad mod mange af de realistisk orienterede (45). Ansatserne til ’composed film’ sås neorealismen, idet skuespillerne blev Ealing-komedie, f.eks. Masser a f whisky i A Canterbury Tale (44), og efter De røde indplaceret i et autentisk fiskermiljø (på (1949). Internationalt blev hele denne sko (48) gik det i opløsning med Ho//- Foula i Shetlandsøgruppen). 22 Den direkte dokumentariske inspira­ som Henrik V (Laurence Olivier, 45), tion findes endvidere i beredskabsfil­ Cæsar og Kleopatra (Gabriel Pascal, 46) men Vi sejler ved daggry (42), hvor Press- og endelig den smukt spraglede eventyr­ burger for anden gang var medforfatter film Tyven fra Bagdad (40), som Powell in­ til en Powell-instrueret film. Den er en struerede i samarbejde med Tim Whelan charmerende, fandenivoldsk hyldes til og eksilinstruktøren Ludwig Berger. den danske handelsflåde - og burde For Powell er Tyven fra Bagdad ligefrem mindst en gang om året pryde TVs en nøgle til hans senere produktion, idet matiné-forestillinger. Conrad Veidt - Powell og Pressburger under De røde sko. filmen jo direkte var en remake af Doug- tænk engang: oprindelig Cesare i Dr. T.v. ’typiske’ danskere om Danske Speciali- las Fairbanks’ største succes med samme Caligari - spiller handelsflådekaptaj­ teter, hakkebøf med løg øverst på menuen, titel fra 1924. I Powells øjne var Fair­ nen, som netop er udtrådt af den dan- akvavit på bordet og kongeplatte på banks den største producent, der for al­ væggen i Vi sejler vor prioriterede de production values, ved daggry (siddende hvis muligheder Powell så bekræftet hos Veidt og Valerie en stilbevidst arvtager, den amerikanske Hobson). Herunder instruktør Rex Ingram, som Powell hav­ Rex Ingram som de assisteret på hans europæiske opgaver Lampens And med Mare Nostrum og The Magician 1925-26 Sabu i Tyven fra i Frankrig. Det er dog negerskuespilleren Bagdad. Tegneseri­ og ikke instruktøren Ingram, der spiller ens oberst Blimp og lampens ånd i Tyven fra Bagdad. filmens (Roger Live- sey) med den åndful­ Et spejl for England de tyske officer (An­ Powell & Pressburgers første farvefilm ton Walbrook). Duellen (43), optaget af Tyven fra Bagdads fremragende franske fotograf Georges Pe- rinal, udviser en sublim udnyttelse af Technicolor som en pastelagtig nostal­ gisk anskueliggørelse af en periode, der med markante stilændringer over 40 års omvæltninger i Englands og Tysklands historie gør den naive britiske oberst ske marine for at vise det sande vikinge- Blimp-skikkelse (Roger Livesey) til selve sind på engelsk side med 'Dengang jeg symbolet på Englands konservative sta­ drog afsted’ på læberne - og som tema bilitet og stædige overlevelsesevne - i underlægningsmusikken, ikke et mens han i tegneserien af David Low dansk øje er tørt. står for den udlevede og reaktionære Beredskab med dokumentaristisk imperialistisk-militaristiske stupiditet. touch prægede flere af tidens film, bl.a. Det var et populært reaktionært be­ Powells En af vore maskiner savnes (42), redskabsbudskab i gennemført stiliseret hvor Pressburger ligeledes var med på men realistisk baseret, satirisk form. Po­ manuskriptet. well <St Pressburger havde fundet og er­ Parrets fællesinstruerede film domine­ kendt deres stils bedste virkemidler. redes af studierealisemen, det land­ Denne stil udmøntede sig charmerende skabsæstetiske skønfoto og en mere og i uafklarede æstetiske blandformer, som mere interessant symbolistisk stilise­ naturligt nok gjorde deres produktioners ring, som direkte blev et varemærke for kvalitet afhængig af produktionsdesigne- Powell <Sl Pressburger. rens indsats. Parrets smukkeste film var Mange af de øvrige engelske krigstids­ således resultat af samarbejdet med eksil­ produktioner var ligeledes præget af bå­ tyskeren Alfred Junge (1886-1964). Junge de ekspressionistisk og surrealistisk stili­ COL.BUMP HAS VAPOURS sering. Det gælder heks. film af David Lean, bl.a. Havet er vor skæbne (42), Roy Boultings Tordenklippen (42) og de rene surrealistiske mysteriefilm Halvvejshuset (Basil Dearden, 44) og Nattens mysterier (Dearden, Cavalcanti, Charles Crich- ton og Robert Hamer, 45). Stort anlagte Technicolor-eksperimenter mangfoldig­ Gad.s^, Lord BeaVerbrook is ri^ f. gjorde billedet både indenfor den reali­ We rnusT refu.se 1b stiske tradition - Faren fra dybet (Pat parTin anotber Jackson, 44), Disse lykkelige dage (David r /world wai* unless Lean, 44) - de sirlige teaterprægede fil­ /airran^f roertts are. matiseringer, f.eks. Elvira går igen (David made fo hold it n Lean, 45), Lady X’s skilsmisse (Tim Brifish Empire. Whelan, 38) - stiliserede udstyrsfilm så- 23 struktør E.A.Duponts britiske film 49. breddegrad: Leslie Howard taler stout tivt fejet af vejen af den nøgne og sårba­ MouLn Rouge (28) og Piccadilly (29), bo­ op mod tyskernes voldsmetoder (Eric Port­ re, illusionsløse italienske neorealisme. satte sig i England i 1932 og satte sit man t.h.), der har forvildet sig ind pd kultu­ Junge, Powell &. Pressburger rendyr­ præg på bl.a. Hitchcocks Manden der rens enemærker i Howards teepee. Det kede filmstudiet som et alkymistisk pa­ vidste for meget (34) og MGMs Englands- hændte i Skotland: enestående flot land­ radis i hovedværkerne En sag om liv eller hyldest fra 1939 Farvel Mr. Chips. Fra skabsfotografering (Wendy Hiller t.v.). dø (46) og Sorte lilje (47), begge blænden­ 1943 til 1947 arbejdede han udelukken­ de fotograferet af Jack Cardiff. Det gjor­ de på The Archers’ bedste film. med den mest charmerende, bombasti­ de de ret i, og det er vel lige netop her, Det er et ekstremt eksotisk England, ske beredskabsfilm i verdens filmhisto­ at filmhistorien for alvor gør Powell & der stilles til skue i de sorthvide film A rie, 49. breddegrad (41). Den er produce­ Pressburger uret. Sjældent er der skabt Canterbury Tale (44) og Det hændte i ret af Ministry of Information i Canada så fascinerende og præcist et surreali­ Skotland (45), mesterligt
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