En Patagonie

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En Patagonie Bruce Chatwin / En Patagonie Tout voyageur est, d’abord, un rêveur. À partir d’un nom, d’une image, d’une lecture, il imagine une ville, un pays et n’a plus de cesse qu’il n’ait été vérifier, sur place, si la réalité cor- respond à son rêve. Bien sûr, la déception se trouve souvent au rendez-vous ; mais, parfois, non. Et, alors, tout peut arriver ; par exemple : un grand livre. Deux phénomènes de cet ordre sont à l’origine du départ de Bruce Chatwin pour la Patagonie, qui n’est pas précisément la destination la plus fréquemment choisie par les touristes. D’abord, « un fragment de peau… pas bien grand mais d’un cuir épais et couvert de touffes de poils roux (qu’)une punaise rouillée fixait à une carte postale. — Qu’est-ce que c’est, maman ? — Un morceau de brontosaure. » Non, il s’agissait d’une relique de mylodon, un paresseux géant. Encore fallait-il entreprendre l’équipée en question pour l’apprendre. Seconde incitation au voyage, vingt-cinq ans plus tard : une visite à Eileen Gray, le fameux « designer » comme on dit en français. Âgée de quatre-vingt-treize ans, elle ne voyait au- cune raison de ne pas travailler quatorze heures par jour. Cela ne lui laissait guère le loisir de voyager. « Elle habitait rue Bonaparte (à Paris). Dans son salon était accrochée une carte de la Patagonie, qu’elle avait coloriée à la gouache. — J’ai toujours rêvé d’y aller, dis-je. — Moi aussi, répondit-elle. Allez-y pour moi ! J’y allai… la carte d’Eileen Gray décore mon apparte- ment. » La Patagonie, pour ceux qui l’ignoreraient, s’étend du rio Negro au cap Horn, à la pointe australe de l’Amérique du Sud. L’Argentine et le Chili s’en partagent la souveraineté. Elle a, partout dans le monde, la réputation d’une contrée désolée et déserte. Rien n’est plus faux, si l’on en croit Bruce Chatwin : il lui est souvent arrivé de dormir à la belle étoile et il y a rencon- tré plus de personnalités extraordinaires que beaucoup d’entre nous n’en rencontrent, au cours d’une vie entière passée à Pa- ris ou à Londres. En vérité, vue par Bruce Chatwin, la Patagonie ressemble à une réserve d’excentriques, comme il y a des réserves d’indiens – ceux-là, soit dit en passant, il n’en reste plus guère. De tous temps, les extravagants, les révoltés, les déclassés semblent s’être donné rendez-vous sur cette flèche de terre pointée vers le Pôle. C’est un melting pot d’Écossais, de juifs russes, de Boers, de Mormons en fuite devant la police, ou en quête de li- berté. Butch Cassidy, l’immortel pilleur de banques, y termina ses jours. Et Orélie-Antoine Tounens, avoué à Périgueux sous le Second Empire, s’en proclama empereur. Après trois expédi- tions lamentables, il fut déporté dans son village natal où il ter- mina ses jours comme allumeur de réverbères. Naturellement, un voyageur ordinaire n’aurait rien perçu de cette singularité ni débusqué ce fascinant passé. C’est là qu’interviennent l’œil et la main de Bruce Chatwin : en un mot, son talent. Il a peut-être écrit le modèle du récit de voyages, celui dont le narrateur, tout en s’effaçant le plus pos- sible, n’en impose pas moins son point de vue au lecteur. Bruce Chatwin ne dit jamais, ou presque jamais, « je ». Il n’empêche : son intelligence, sa rapidité d’esprit, son humour – ce qui est bien la moindre des qualités pour un citoyen britannique – im- prègnent son discours au point que SA Patagonie devient la nôtre et que nous n’en voulons plus d’autre. Avis aux explora- teurs à venir. Avec ce texte remarquable, Bruce Chatwin faisait, à trente- sept ans, une entrée remarquée dans la carrière des lettres. Deux succès romanesques ont suivi (tous deux traduits chez Grasset) ; le Vice-Roi de Ouidah et, surtout, les Jumeaux de Black Hill salué dès sa parution par John Updike, lauréat de plusieurs prix, best-seller dans plusieurs pays. Mais le démon du voyage n’a pas, pour autant, quitté le jeune écrivain qui fut, tour à tour, spécialiste de la peinture impressionniste chez Sotheby et grand reporter au Sunday Times. Tournant résolument le dos aux séductions sociales et littéraires, il est reparti seul, à pied, au cœur de l’Australie, chez les aborigènes. Le livre étonnant qu’il en a rapporté – le Chant des Pistes (c’est par le chant que les aborigènes déli- mitent leur territoire, comme les oiseaux) – a paru chez Gras- set (1988). Il n’y a plus que la Patagonie, la Patagonie, qui convienne à mon immense tristesse… Blaise Cendrars. Prose du Transsibérien. 1 Dans la salle à manger de ma grand-mère il y avait un petit meuble vitré et derrière la vitre un fragment de peau. Ce dernier n’était pas bien grand, mais d’un cuir épais et couvert de touffes de poils roux. Une punaise rouillée le fixait à une carte postale. Sur cette carte figu- raient aussi quelques lignes d’une encre décolorée, mais j’étais alors trop jeune pour lire. « Qu’est-ce que c’est, maman ? — Un morceau de brontosaure. » Ma mère connaissait le nom de deux animaux préhis- toriques, le brontosaure et le mammouth. Elle savait que ce n’était pas un mammouth. Les mammouths venaient de Sibérie. On m’avait appris que le brontosaure était un animal qui s’était noyé pendant le déluge, Noé n’ayant pu l’em- barquer à bord de son arche à cause de sa taille. Je me le représentais comme une pesante créature à longs poils, armée de griffes et de crocs, avec une malicieuse lueur verte dans les yeux. Parfois le brontosaure surgissait du mur de ma chambre et me réveillait. Ce brontosaure-là avait vécu en Patagonie, en Amé- rique du Sud, au bout du monde. Des milliers d’années auparavant il était tombé dans un glacier, avait lentement – 7 – descendu la pente dans sa prison de glace bleue. Un cou- sin de ma grand-mère, Charley Milward le marin, le trou- va en bas de la montagne, parfaitement conservé. Charley Milward commandait un cargo qui sombra à l’entrée du détroit de Magellan. Ayant survécu à la catas- trophe il s’installa non loin du lieu du naufrage à Punta Arenas où il dirigea un atelier de réparation navale. Le Charley Milward de mon imagination était un dieu des- cendu sur terre, grand, silencieux et fort, avec des favoris noirs en côtelette et des yeux bleus farouches. Il portait sa casquette de marin de travers et le haut de ses bottes re- tourné. Dès qu’il vit le brontosaure émergeant de la glace, il sut ce qu’il avait à faire. Il le fit découper, saler, mettre en barils et l’expédia au Muséum d’histoire naturelle de South Kensington. Je me représentais parfaitement la scène : le sang et la glace, la chair et le sel, les équipes d’ouvriers indiens et les tonneaux alignés sur la côte. Un travail de titan. Et tout cela pour rien : le brontosaure se putréfia à bord du navire pendant la traversée des tro- piques et arriva à Londres en état de décomposition avancée ; voilà pourquoi au Museum on peut voir des os- sements de brontosaure, mais pas de peau. Par bonheur mon cousin Charley en avait envoyé un fragment à ma grand-mère, par la poste. Ma grand-mère habitait une maison de briques rouges, cachée derrière un écran de lauriers piquetés de jaune. Cette maison avait de hautes cheminées, des pi- – 8 – gnons pointus et un jardin de roses couleur sang. L’inté- rieur sentait l’église. Je ne me rappelle pas grand-chose de mon aïeule, hor- mis sa taille. Je me revois faisant de l’escalade sur sa poi- trine opulente, ou bien l’observant à la dérobée pour voir si elle pouvait se lever de sa chaise. Au-dessus d’elle étaient suspendus des portraits de bourgeois hollandais dont les visages adipeux s’encadraient d’une fraise blanche. Sur la cheminée il y avait deux figurines japo- naises avec des yeux d’ivoire rouge et blanc qui saillaient hors de leur orbite. Je jouais avec elles ou bien avec un singe articulé allemand ; mais sans cesse je harcelais ma grand-mère : « S’il te plaît, est-ce que je pourrais avoir le morceau de brontosaure ? » Jamais je n’ai désiré quelque chose avec autant de force que ce fragment de peau. Ma grand-mère me ré- pondait que je l’aurais un jour peut-être. À sa mort je le réclamai : « Maintenant je peux l’avoir ce morceau de brontosaure. » Ma mère dit alors : « Oh, ce truc ! J’ai bien peur que nous l’ayons jeté. » À l’école, tout le monde a bien ri de l’histoire du bron- tosaure. Pour le professeur de sciences naturelles, j’avais confondu avec le mammouth de Sibérie. Il raconta à la classe comment les savants russes avaient mangé du mammouth congelé et me demanda de ne plus mentir. En outre, ajouta-t-il, les brontosaures étaient des reptiles. Ils n’avaient pas de poils mais une peau couverte d’écailles. Et il nous montra une image de l’animal re- constitué – bien différente de ce que j’avais imaginé – où – 9 – on le voyait gris-vert avec une petite tête et une gigan- tesque épine dorsale ondulante, dévorant placidement les plantes aquatiques d’un lac. J’avais honte de mon bronto- saure poilu, mais je savais que ce n’était pas un mam- mouth.
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