DOCSLIB.ORG

Multimodal Transportation Assets, Needs and Recommendations Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multimodal Transportation Assets, Needs and Recommendations Report Delta Regional Authority Multimodal Transportation Assets, Needs and Recommendations Report July 2008 SAFETEA–LU Section 1923 1st Edition Disclaimer: Personnel from various agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation pro- vided information to the Delta Regional Authority during the study which led to this report. Similarly, personnel from such agencies may have made comments regarding factual assertions in various drafts of this report. However, neither the U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation nor any of its agencies necessarily endorse this report nor con- cur with any recommendation contained in the report. July 18, 2008 When Congress directed the Delta Regional Authority to prepare a report on the multimodal transportation assets and needs in our region, along with recommendations, we were delighted to take on the task. It fits perfectly into the DRA's role as a planner, coordinator of resources and advocate for the Delta. We also will prepare a strategic plan that's designed to guide the implementation of the recommendations in this report. That task also was directed by Congress in section 1923 of the 2005 national highway act. This report complements our Delta Development Highway System plan, which was released last year. When the DRA was created by Congress in 2000, one of the investment priorities outlined was the transportation infrastructure of the region. We've made numerous infrastructure investments in recent years. With the help of state departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration and local stakeholders, the Delta Development Highway System plan was compiled. It identified 3,843 miles of highways slated for improvements at a cost of $18.5 billion. We estimated that completion of the system would result in annual economic benefits of $3.5 billion. Next, we began work on the multimodal transportation report. During the past year, thousands of hours have been devoted to compiling this report. Eighteen meetings were held across the region, and input was received from more than 500 key players. We identified the assets and needs for highways, bridges, intelligent transportation systems, freight rail, passenger rail, waterways, public ports, locks and public airports in our region. Then, we made recommendations to improve the multimodal transportation system. Our report is a definitive one because of this intense outreach effort. I want to thank all of those who played a role in the process. We worked closely with federal, state and local agencies to ensure that our report dovetails into their efforts. We also received guidance from the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Committee's "Transportation for Tomorrow" report, which was released in December. This effort provided guiding principles for our recommendations: safety, efficiency, congestion reduction, economic development, energy concerns and environmental concerns. More than $200 billion in investments will be needed during the next 25 years to ensure the efficient movement of people and goods in the Delta. This region has become a vital cog in the world logistics and distribution network. Our report shows why making these investments will be a wise move as this country competes in the increasingly complex global economy of the new century. Sincerely, Pete Johnson Federal Co-Chairman Delta Regional Authority TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Highway and Bridges............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Intermodal Facilities ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Intelligent Transportation Systems ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Freight Rail ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Passenger Rail....................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Air Transportation................................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Waterways............................................................................................................................. 5 1.8 Recommendations................................................................................................................. 5 2. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Future Challenges to Transportation Infrastructure.............................................................. 7 2.2 Global Trade and the DRA region’s Strategic Location....................................................... 8 2.2.1 The Memphis Logistics Hub.......................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 The Inland Waterway System...................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Public Water Ports ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.4 Petroleum Industry....................................................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Bio-Energy Industry..................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Enhancing Mobility ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 Highways and Bridges ................................................................................................. 13 2.3.2 Intelligent Transportation Systems .............................................................................. 14 2.3.3 Freight Rail .................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.4 Passenger Rail.............................................................................................................. 14 2.3.5 Air Transportation........................................................................................................ 15 2.3.6 Waterways, Ports and Locks........................................................................................ 15 2.4 Improving Intermodal Connectivity and Expanding Goods Movement............................. 15 2.5 Benefits of Intermodal Connectivity and Additional Options ............................................ 16 2.6 Benefits of Improving the Multimodal Transportation System.......................................... 16 2.7 Developing a Strategic Plan to Achieve Results................................................................. 18 3. SAFETEA-LU Section 1923 .................................................................................................... 19 4. Regional Coordination.............................................................................................................. 21 4.1 Round 1 Meetings............................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Round 2 Meetings............................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Regional Coordination........................................................................................................ 23 4.4 Meeting Participants ........................................................................................................... 24 4.4.1 Round One ................................................................................................................... 24 4.4.2 Round Two................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 Project Website ................................................................................................................... 44 4.6 Local Participation.............................................................................................................. 44 5. Assets and Needs Methodology................................................................................................ 45 5.1 Modal Asset Methodology.................................................................................................. 45 Page i 5.1.1 Highways and Bridges ................................................................................................. 47 5.1.2 Intelligent Transportation Systems .............................................................................. 51 5.1.3 Freight Rail .................................................................................................................. 52 5.1.4 Passenger Rail.............................................................................................................. 54 5.1.5 Aviation........................................................................................................................ 56 5.1.6 Public Ports .................................................................................................................. 61 5.1.7 Locks............................................................................................................................ 63 5.2 Modal Needs Methodology ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Winter 2017 the Magazine Scott Ledbetter’S Lone Oaks Farm
    SEEDING THE FUTURE THE MAGAZINE OF MEMPHIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL l WINTER 2017 THE MAGAZINE SCOTT LEDBETTER’S LONE OAKS FARM MUS TODAY FULFILLS NEW PURPOSE The sun sets over the Mississippi River, framed by the 100-year-old Harahan Bridge. Residents from the Mid-South and visitors from around the world now have a new vantage point for enjoying sunsets and river views – the Big River Crossing pedestrian/bicycle bridge – which opened October 22. The new attraction has proven quite popular; by December more than 66,000 walkers and bikers had crossed. At nearly a mile in length, it is the longest public pedestrian bridge across the Mississippi River. Read more about how alumni helped bring the project to fruition on page 5. 2 l MUS TODAY WINTER 2017 1 Photo courtesy Big River Crossing MUS TODAY THE MAGAZINE OF MEMPHIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL l WINTER 2017 FEATURED THIS ISSUE 5 12 20 5 Alumni Involvement Brings Big River Crossing to Life 12 Lone Oaks Farm Anchors Future Plans for UT 19 Covers: Oliver Luckett Examines Social Media in Debut Book 20 Teaching Sustainable Farming in Indonesia 22 From the Archives: Alumni Serve During Mexican Revolution 24 Jim Burnett Honored for 25 Years Coaching Owls 30 Newest Portrait Installation: Terry Shelton musowls.org/media Memphis University School IN EVERY ISSUE ON THE COVER Founded 1893 28 Student Lauds After spending almost 20 years HEADMASTER creating a working cattle and Ellis L. Haguewood 30 Faculty News hay farm that also served as 35 Board News inspirational rustic retreat in BOARD OF TRUSTEES Hardeman County, Scott Ledbetter Samuel N.
    [Show full text]
  • Document.Pdf
    CERTIFICATION OF APPRAISAL Each person signing below certifies to the best of their personal knowledge and belief: 1. The statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct. 2. The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by the reported assumptions and limiting conditions, and are our personal, impartial, and unbiased professional analyses, opinions, and conclusions. 3. We have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the subject of this report, and no personal interest with respect to the parties involved. 4. We have no bias with respect to the property that is the subject of this report or to the parties involved with this assignment. 5. The engagement for this assignment was not contingent upon developing or reporting predetermined results. 6. Our compensation for completing this assignment is not contingent upon the development or reporting of a predetermined value or direction in value that favors the cause of the client, the amount of the value opinion, the attainment of a stipulated result, or the occurrence of a subsequent event directly related to the intended use of this appraisal. 7. The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this report has been prepared, in conformity with the requirements of the Code of Professional Ethics & Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice of the Appraisal Institute, which include the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. 8. Adam Zimmerman has made a personal inspection of the property that is the subject of this report. 9. No one has provided significant real property appraisal assistance to the person(s) signing this report.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Louisiana's Federal Legislators Senators
    List of Louisiana's Federal Legislators Senators Senator Mary Landrieu Senator David Vitter United States Senate United States Senate 724 Hart Senate Office Building 516 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 Washington, DC 20510 (202) 224-5824 (202) 224-4623 (202) 224-9735 fax (202) 228-5061 fax http://landrieu.senate.gov http://vitter.senate.gov District Office - Baton Rouge: District Office - Alexandria: Federal Building, Room 326 2230 South MacArthur Drive Suite 4 707 Florida Street Alexandria, LA 71301 Baton Rouge, LA 70801 Phone: 318-448-0169 Phone: 225-389-0395 Fax: 318-448-0189 Fax: 225-389-0660 District Office - Baton Rouge: District Office - Lake Charles: 858 Convention Street Hibernia Tower Baton Rouge, LA 70801 One Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1260 Phone: 225-383-0331 Lake Charles, LA 70629 Fax: 252-383-0952 Phone: 337-436-6650 Fax: 337-439-3762 District Office - Lafayette: 800 Lafayette Street Suite 1200 District Office - New Orleans: Baton Rouge, LA 70808 Hale Boggs Federal Building, Suite 1005 Phone: 337-262-6898 500 Poydras Street Fax: 337-262-6373 New Orleans, LA 70130 Phone: 504-589-2427 District Office - Lake Charles: Fax: 504-589-4023 3221 Ryan Street Suite E Lake Charles, LA 70601 District Office - Shreveport: Phone: 337-436-0453 United States Courthouse Fax: 337-436-3163 300 Fannin Street, Suite 2240 Shreveport, LA 71101 District Office - Metairie: Phone: 318-676-3085 2800 Veterans Boulevard Suite 201 Fax: 318-676-3100 Metairie, LA 70002 Phone: 504-589-2753 Fax: 504-589-2607 District Office - Monroe: 1217 North 19th Street Monroe, LA 71201 Phone: 318-325-8120 Fax: 318-325-9165 District Office - Shreveport: 920 Pierremont Road Suite 113 Shreveport, LA 71106 Phone: 318-861-0437 Fax: 318-861-4865 Representatives Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Market Turns the Corner Special Coverage on Industrial Sector’S Recovery, Office Market’S Struggles
    March 31-April 6, 2012, Vol. 5, Issue 14 SPECIAL EMPHASIS: OFFICE & INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INDUSTRIAL MARKET TURNS THE CORNER Special coverage on industrial sector’s recovery, office market’s struggles PAGE 16 TOWERING QUESTIONS Businesses seek answers as health care reform looms PAGE 26 Bill Courtney and the Manassas football team have the nation cheering. Illustration: Emily Morrow 28 Sports On a nightly basis it’s hard to predict which member of the Memphis Grizzlies will be the hero, but the chameleon approach is working for the team. WEEKLY DIGEST: PAGE 2 FINANCIAL SERVICES: PAGE 8 real EState: PAGES 30-31 artS AND FOOD: PAGES 38-39 EDITORIAL: PAGE 42 A Publication of The Daily News Publishing Co. | www.thememphisnews.com 2 March 31-April 6, 2012 www.thememphisnews.com weekly digest Get news daily from The Daily News, www.memphisdailynews.com. EEOC Accuses AutoZone Prudential’s Ware Receives Of Disability Discrimination Corporate Services Award A federal agency is accusing Memphis- Angie Ware of Prudential Collins-Maury based auto-parts retailer AutoZone Inc. of Inc. Realtors was honored with the 2011 illegally firing an employee because of her North American Corporate Services/Relo- disability. cation Director of the Year Award at Pruden- The U.S. Equal Employment Oppor- tial Real Estate’s recent sales convention. tunity Commission filed a federal lawsuit The honor is awarded for outstand- against AutoZone this week. ing facilitation of new corporate business The EEOC says the company fired a development and consistent service excel- manager in its Cudahy store in 2009. The lence in relocation and referral operations, agency says the woman had just received as well as participation in activities contrib- a doctor’s clearance to return to work with uting to network excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitor&Relocation Guide
    Visitor&Relocation Guide PHILLIPSCOUNTYARKANSAS INCLUDINGHISTORICHELENA 2011-2012 WELCOMETO TABLEOFCONTENTS PHILLIPSCOUNTY PLAN YOUR VISIT INCLUDINGHISTORICHELENA, REASONS TO VISIT MARVELL, ELAINE, LAKE VIEW & LEXA DW #1: FESTIVALS 4 #2: ARTS & CULTURE 6 #3: HISTORY 8 Whether you’re thinking about visiting, contemplating relocation, or already #4: THE GREAT OUTDOORS on your way here, we want to say “Welcome!” In the coming pages, you’ll get to 10 know us better and we in turn are looking forward to getting to know you as well. #5: DOWNTOWN & SHOPPING 12 GETTING HERE COME AND SEE US 14 SAMPLE ITINERARIES Author James C. Cobb called the Delta “the most southern place on earth,” and 15 in the south, living well is something of an obsession. From its days as a bustling SB CALENDAR OF EVENTS 16 “anything goes” river town one hundred years ago through the present day, Helena promises a good time to visitors and residents alike. In the words of one visitor, RELOCATION GUIDE “The people of Phillips County know how to throw a party!” Whether that party is REASONS TO RELOCATE a tea party in the finest southern tradition, a “boot scoot,” a motorcycle festival, an all-out multiday blues jam, or an arts & culture walk through historic streets, we #1: HEALTHCARE 20 live as if “living well”—however you define it—is truly our obsession. #2: HOUSING 21 And so true to our southern roots and culture, we are delighted to invite you to join #3: QUALITY OF LIFE 22 us in our revelry and savor the full flavor of the place we call home.
    [Show full text]
  • Leonard Kancher
    \ 4. 4. madesignificant contributions in whohave Recognition ofwomen 3. Opportunities service forpublic forwomen; 2. Nontraditional careers forwomen; 1. Leadership andpublic-policy trainingopportunities forhigh- nontraditional roles and/or public service; and/orpublic nontraditional roles ages13andabove; potential females, Th Nic PO Bo Th University State Nicholls PO Box 2062 National ibo ibodaux, LA 70310 h o d l x Women’s Leadership The Louisiana Center for Women in Government andBusiness inGovernment Women The LouisianaCenterfor Summit on National Women’s Leadership Summit Women’s National at Nicholls State University University NichollsState at SMALL BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP and promotes NON-TRADITIONAL 6. 6. intellectualproperty forwomen andpolicy initiatives Louisiana’s 5. Internships andopportunities institutionsofhigher forstudentsat OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN across the United States. theUnited States. across and andtheeconomy; business among government, servicepublic andlearn andinteraction abouttherelationship practicalexperience in ofmajor)tohave (regardless education Hosted by Louisiana Center for Women in Government and Business june 28 and 29, 2013 Hilton New Orleans Riverside New Orleans, Louisiana HONORARY CO-CHAIRS Conference registration fee is $150 which includes: Mary Landrieu, US Senator • Continuing Education credits for Professional Development, David Vitter, US Senator Nicholls State University HOST COMMITTEE • General session with Jane Campbell • US Representative Rodney Alexander Breakout sessions with national
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Needs Study and Highway Improvement Plan
    2006 Arkansas State Highway Needs Study and Highway Improvement Plan ARKANSAS HIGHWAY COMMISSION Jonathan Barnett, Chairman Siloam Springs Carl S. Rosenbaum, Vice Chairman Little Rock R. Madison Murphy El Dorado John Ed Regenold Armorel Cliff Hoofman North Little Rock DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS Dan Flowers Director Frank Vozel Ralph Hall Deputy Director and Chief Engineer Assistant to the Director Scott E. Bennett Phil McConnell Allan Holmes Assistant Chief Engineer - Assistant Chief Engineer - Assistant Chief Engineer - Planning Design Operations Robert Wilson Larry Dickerson Chief Counsel Chief Fiscal Officer Alan Meadors Planning and Research Engineer Updated February 2007 2006 ARKANSAS STATE HIGHWAY NEEDS STUDY and HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 1 II. National Highway System 3 III. Arkansas State Highway System 5 IV. Arkansas Primary Highway Network 9 V. Condition and Needs 11 VI. Historic Funding and Current Financial Information 25 VII. Funding Options 33 VIII. Stewardship of the System 40 IX. Public Involvement Summary 45 X. Highway Plan Development 47 XI. 2006 Highway Improvement Plan 51 Appendix – 2006 Highway Improvement Plan Project Listing ..................... 55 Addendum ....................................................................................................... 57 Fiscal Year 2006 State Revenue Sources ...........................................A-1 Shrinking Highway Dollar.....................................................................A-2 Updated February 2007 i 2006 ARKANSAS STATE
    [Show full text]
  • BAYOU LAFOURCHE CORRIDOR PLAN ASCENSION, ASSUMPTION, and LAFOURCHE PARISHES State of Louisiana
    03C0720078 Sliaw® Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. FINAL DRAFT BAYOU LAFOURCHE CORRIDOR PLAN ASCENSION, ASSUMPTION, and LAFOURCHE PARISHES State of Louisiana August 2007 Submitted to the Lafourche Parish Government Ascension Parish Government Assumption Parish Police Jury and the following Municipalities: Donaldsonville Napoleonville Thibodaux Lockport Golden Meadow Submitted by Shaw Environmental and lnfrastrncture, Inc. 4171 Essen Lane Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809 S!Ja·w E & /, foc.·P.iPiAJ/NiNG\WEHN..AFOURCHE PARJSH GOvn 122646-BYU LAf CORRIDOR\J?eporls'&you La!ourclie Corridor P/anl.B}u la!ourcfie Corridor teporl 081407 UC.doc 8.20.01 Sh~ Bayou Lafourche Corridor Plan Shaw Environmenlat & lflfraslruct1.1re, Inc. Table of Contents __________________ 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background ...........................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................. 1-2 2.0 INVENTORY AND ANAL YSIS ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2. 1 Setting-Physical, Social and Cultural .................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Land Use .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bowdre Place –
    Bowdre Place – Sold 8000 acres OFFERED BY: RUTLEDGE INVESTMENT COMPANY 5160 SANDERLIN, SUITE ONE MEMPHIS, TN 38117 (901) 766-9041 Rutledge Investment Company and Rainer Realty are the Exclusive Agents for the property described herein. This brochure and all information contained herein is believed to be correct; however, we make no guarantee as to its accuracy. Prospective buyers are urged to inspect the property and perform their own independent due diligence. Rutledge Investment Company, Rainer Realty, and its agents assume no liability as to errors, ommissions or investment results. Category: Sold Price: $ 60,000,000 Bowdre Place – Sold Area: 8000 acres Type: Cropland Description The Bowdre Place property, which has been in the C.P. Owen family for several generations, consists of 8,059.2 acres of farm and development land in the north Mississippi Delta near Tunica and Robinsonville, MS. This is a premier Mississippi Delta investment grade property with an outstanding past and very promising future. It not only consists of some of the highest quality productive farmland in the south, but due to its prime location, it has a solid history of commercial and industrial development. Over the past 20 years, portions of Bowdre Place have been sold and developed for an array of projects. Projects include hotels, convenience stores, a golf course and fitness center, bank locations, a medical clinic, a US post office, apartment buildings, a residential subdivision, a large manufacturing plant, and numerous billboards. Additionally, a new Chinese owned automotive plant is now under construction on adjacent land which was previously part of Bowdre Place.
    [Show full text]
  • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Job 100682
    ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Job 100682 Future Interstate 555 Access Road Study (U.S. Highway 63) Poinsett County by U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration and Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Table of Contents Page No. PROJECT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................. 1 PURPOSE AND NEED................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Project...................................................................................................................... 1 Needs Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 1 Existing Highway Conditions............................................................................................................ 5 Future Highway Conditions.............................................................................................................. 5 ALTERNATIVES............................................................................................................. 5 Alternatives Considered and Dismissed .......................................................................................... 8 Alternatives Under Consideration .................................................................................................... 8 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............... 10 Land
    [Show full text]
  • Bruckerhoff, Vernon Finding Aid.Docx
    Guide to the Vernon Bruckerhoff Papers 1963-1982 1998.038 7.5 linear feet Abstract Personal and political papers of Vernon Bruckerhoff, a graduate of Southeast Missouri State College, who served as a representative in the Missouri state legislature from 1970-1983. Materials date from Bruckerhoff’s time as a student at Southeast, his teaching career, and his time as a state legislator. Revised by: Anna Powell Spring 2009 Special Collections and Archives Kent Library One University Plaza, MS 4600 Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 Phone: (573) 651-2245; Fax: (573) 651-2666; Email: [email protected] Descriptive Overview Provenance: The Vernon Bruckerhoff Papers were donated in two sections; the first set (papers dating from 1963-1976) in 1981, and a second set (papers dating from 1971-1982) in 1983. Citation: Vernon Bruckerhoff Collection, Special Collections and Archives, Southeast Missouri State University. Restrictions: None Separated Materials: Four items were removed due to the personal information printed on the material, in accordance with the privacy act. Biographical Note Vernon Bruckerhoff was born on July 31, 1944 in St. Marys, Missouri. He graduated from Southeast Missouri State College with a degree in History Secondary Education. During his time at Southeast, he was active with the Young Republicans, serving as state chairman of the Young Republicans. He went on to spend several years as a teacher and ran a small strawberry and vegetable farm. Bruckerhoff would continue to farm for the remainder of his career. Bruckerhoff was elected to serve as a representative in the Missouri State Legislature from 1970 until 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar No. 522
    Calendar No. 522 107TH CONGRESS REPORT "! 2d Session SENATE 107–224 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 2003 JULY 26, 2002.—Ordered to be printed Mrs. MURRAY, from the Committee on Appropriations, submitted the following REPORT [To accompany S. 2808] The Committee on Appropriations reports the bill (S. 2808) mak- ing appropriations for the Department of Transportation and re- lated agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2003, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass. Amounts of new budget (obligational) authority for fiscal year 2003 Amount of bill as reported to Senate ...................... $22,251,162,000 Amount of budget estimates, 2003 .......................... 20,799,680,000 Fiscal year 2002 enacted .......................................... 18,900,670,000 81–066 ★(Star Print) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:06 Aug 01, 2002 Jkt 099006 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6664 E:\HR\OC\SR224.XXX pfrm11 PsN: SR224 C O N T E N T S SUMMARY OF MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS Page Total obligational authority .................................................................................... 4 Program, project, and activity ................................................................................ 4 Accrual funding of retirement costs and post-retirement health benefits .......... 4 TITLE I—DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Salaries and expenses ............................................................................................. 6
    [Show full text]