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Decentralization Under the 6Th Schedule of the Indian Constitution: a Study in the Context of Karbi Anglong District Lutfur Rahman Choudhury Research Scholar, Dept

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Decentralization Under the 6Th Schedule of the Indian Constitution: a Study in the Context of Karbi Anglong District Lutfur Rahman Choudhury Research Scholar, Dept প্রতিধ্বতি the Echo A journal of Humanities & Social Science Published by: Dept. of Bengali Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India Website: www.thecho.in Decentralization under the 6th Schedule of the Indian Constitution: A Study in the Context of Karbi Anglong District Lutfur Rahman Choudhury Research Scholar, Dept. of Political Science, Assam University, Diphu Campus, Diphu Karbi Anglong , Assam Abstract The literal meaning of decentralization is transferring of decision making powers and functions to the local bodies with a view to inject greater degree of efficiency in administration. The Panchayats as the means of rapid socio- economic development of rural areas has been in operation in different parts of India including in the plain districts of Assam. However, in the hill states of the North East and in the hill districts of the present Assam, the implementation of the concept of Panchayati Raj can hardly be imagined as almost all the hill tribes of the region live a nomadic life changing their habitat after frequent intervals. To suit the needs and aspirations of the hill tribes of the North East India, the 6th Schedule has been inserted in the Indian Constitution which provides a decentralized administration to the hill tribes including the Karbis of the present Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The provisions of decentralization provided under the 6th Schedule of the constitution have been able to fulfill the hopes and aspirations of the people of Karbi Anglong district of Assam to a certain extent but still a lot more needed to be done in this regard. Based on primary and secondary data, the paper studies the provisions of decentralization for the Karbi Anglong district under the 6th Schedule of the Indian constitution and assesses performance of the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) in terms of development. Introduction: With the glorious fulfilling the wishes and aspirations triumph of democracy over all other of the people and as a road to political systems as a means of speedy development, the concept of Volume-II, Issue-I July 2013 90 প্রতিধ্বতিthe Echo ISSN: 2278-5264 decentralization has achieved district planning. As an effective renewed dynamism and popularity form of spatial planning, the district in the political circle of world. planning becomes a viable Decentralization is now considered instrument for the regional as an important requisite for a disparities and consequently an strong and vibrant democracy effective means of the overall where the citizens are expected to development of the rural areas play an active part in the process of .From the close association with the governance. In the developing people of a particular area a detailed world particularly with a understanding not only of their democratic system behind it, needs, but also of the long term decentralization is seen as a magical potentialities of that area can easily instrument to bring about be found out. The planning of this development involving the local potential development can be citizenry. carried out in a greater detail and The literal meaning of with a great deal of more decentralization is transferring of understanding of the people of the decision making powers and area who are particularly and functions from the central or state primarily concerned with its governments to the local bodes with welfare. In 1962 one UN study a view to transform the society and termed that the “Decentralization of inject a greater degree of efficiency. government relieves members of the Democratic decentralization seeks legislature and of national to associate peoples participation in executive from involvement in many the decision making process at the purely local issues , frees key grass roots level. Decentralization officials from onerous and detailed both political and administrative is tasks and increases the speed and the means of promoting people‟s effectiveness of the administration participation and cooperation in the at all levels; decentralization is process of democratic development. essentially important in developing There exists a triangular countries where rapid expansion of relationship between public services greatly increases the decentralization, democracy and number of government transactions development .One of the most and consequently the hindrances important reasons for and wasted efforts resulting from decentralization is to develop more over centralization of controls.”1 effective popular participation in Objectives of the paper: local affairs including activities of The main objectives of the study central and state governments that are as follows:- are carried out locally. There 1. To study the provisions of operates a close nexus between decentralization for the Karbi democracy, decentralization and Anglong district of Assam Volume-II, Issue-I July 2013 91 প্রতিধ্বতিthe Echo ISSN: 2278-5264 provided under the 6th Schedule identifying the needs and of the Indian constitution. preferences of the people through 2. To study the background and their direct participation in plan necessity of the 6th Schedule of formulation and implementation. It the Indian constitution. is particularly expected to empower 3. To assess actual performance of the weaker sections mainly the Karbi Anglong Autonomous comprising of the Scheduled Castes Council (KAAC) in terms of (SC) and the Scheduled Tribes (ST) development. and overcome the domination of the Methodology: While preparing this elites in the political scene of the paper, both the primary and country at least a certain extent. secondary data were used. The It is important to note that primary sources of data included the decentralized administration in the official records and data collected form of local bodies like the from the Karbi Anglong Panchyats have deep roots in Indian Autonomous Council (KAAC), the soil. We get numerous references Memorandum of Understanding about Panchyats in Manusmriti, (MoU) of 1995 and the Mahabharata and Arthasastra which Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) testify that village has been a basic 2012 which have conferred more unit of administration since earliest powers to the Karbi Anglong times. These Panchayats were Council. The Secondary data largely free from the state included the various books related interferences and were mainly with the topic of the study. concerned with the administrative Decentralization in India: As far and judicial work at the village as India is concerned, democratic levels. Their working was so decentralization seems to be the efficient that every village only medium of progress and community was a sort of small prosperity as more than 70% of its republic. During the Muslim rule people live in nearly six lakh also the system continued to operate villages.2 With the time and unobstructed and exercised population growth, the state in India influence in various spheres of is increasingly faced with varied human life. Sir Charles Metcalf, the problems like widespread Provincial Governor General of unemployment, poverty and disease India (1835-36) goes to the extent and administration crippled and of saying, “They (village ineffective because of its inherent communities) seem to last where maladies, decentralization is nothing else lasts. Dynasties tumble seemed an effective answer to all down, revolution succeeds such deep-rooted problems faced by revolution. Hindu, Pathan, Moghul, the country. The policy of Maratha, Sikh and English- all are decentralization expected to help in masters in turn but the village Volume-II, Issue-I July 2013 92 প্রতিধ্বতিthe Echo ISSN: 2278-5264 communities remain the same.”3. In different parts of India including the the post independence period the plain districts of Assam. However, Indian state under constitutional in the hill states of the North East as directive given under Article 40(To well as in the hill districts of the organize village Panchayats and present Assam, the implementation endow them with such powers and of the concept of Panchayati Raj authority as may be necessary to can hardly be imagined. From the enable them to function as units of time immemorial, the tribes living self-government) made concerted the hills of North East India lived a efforts towards the process of nomadic life in search of new hills democratic decentralization. On 12th for jhum cultivation which was the January 1958, the National sole means of their livelihood. As Development Council endorsed the these hill tribes did not live in recommendations made by Balwant cluster villages and a tribal village Rai Mehta Committee on sometimes consisted merely two or democratic decentralization which three households with a migratory paved the way for the establishment nature in itself, the concept of of Panchayati Raj system in the Panchayati Raj for these hill tribes country. It was in 1959 that was neither viable nor imaginable. Panchayati Raj, as modeled on the The framers of the constitution recommendations of Balwant Rai therefore conceptualized a different Mehta committee was first form of deccentralisased introduced in Rajasthan and by administration for the hill tribes of 1968, almost all the states of the the North East in the form of the Indian union had introduced it in District Councils under the 6th their respective areas. The 73rd Scheduled of the constitution. This constitutional Amendment Act of paper will try study the system of 1992 further revamped the decentralization as provided under Panchyati Raj system in the country the Scheduled Six of the Indian and tried to ensure
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