DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Index More information Index Abadiyeh, 13 scribes’ role in, 91 Abdel Latif, 5 towns’ and cities’ roles in, 66, 68, 72 Abu Haggag, 208--9 vizier’s role in, xxiii Abu Roash, 175 see also bureaucracy Abu Simbel, 8, 131 adultery, 110, 111 Abu Sir, 175 Aegean, 14, 55 Abu Sir Papyrus, 82 agate, 194 Abukir (battle of), 7 agriculture, 31, 40 Abydos as part of daily life, 71--2 association with Osiris, 102, 175 at Deir el Medina, 68 Cemetery U, 36, 38, 127 dependance on the Nile inundation, destruction of necropolis at, 43 27 earlytownat,60, 69 development of, 32--3 Predynastic cemetery at, 13, 33, 34, 37 influence on settlement, 68 Predynastic chieftain-kings of, 37, 38 management of, 61 royal funerary complex at, 175 Aha, 34, 37 royal tombs of, 174, 178 Chronology, xiii wadi at, 74 Ahhotep, 46 Acheulean tomb of Ahhotep, 46 Glossary, xvii Ahmose, 46, 49, 115 hand axes, 24 Chronology, xiv houses, 146 tomb at Abydos, 175 ad Ahmose, son of Ibana (autobiography Glossary, xvii of), 45, 46 Adam, Robert, 209 Ahmose (family name), 47 administration Ahmose Nofertari, 49 administrative archives, 83, 91 Aida, 10 administrative center, 153 Åkerbald, Johan, 129 administrative district, xxi, 43, 75, 82 akh, 167, 170 administrator, 44, 47, 75, 81--2, 95 Glossary, xvii changes in the reign of Senwosert III, Akhenaten, xvii, xix, 52, 54, 62, 105, 43 205--6 in Dynasty 13, 45 Chronology, xiv in the Old Kingdom state, 39 see also Amarna; Amarna Period; Tell of conquered areas in Palestine and el Amarna (Akhetaten) Syria, 51 akhet, 31 of taxes and obligations, 94 Akhetaten, xvii, 62--5 of temples, 48, 88, 89--90 see also Tell el Amarna (Akhetaten) of the army, 86 Akhtoy (family name), 42 provincial, 82--3 Akhtoy III, 43 225 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Index More information 226 Index al-Dahr, Mohammed Sa’im, 5 Amunemhet I, 43, 44, 45, 161 Alexander (name), 129 Chronology, xiv Alexander the Great, 2, 30, 58 Instructions of Amunemhet, 43 Chronology, xvi Amunemhet II Alexandria, 2, 3, 4, 7, 62 Chronology, xiv Amarna Amunemhet III, 3, 44, 161 Glossary, xvii Chronology, xiv see also Akhenaten; Amarna Period; see also Hawara; labyrinth Tell el Amarna (Akhetaten) Amunet, 99 Amarna Letter, 51, 54, 63 Amunhotep (family name), 80 Glossary, xvii Amunhotep I, 30, 51, 83, 115 Amarna Period, 52--4 Chronology, xiv religion of, 105 Amunhotep II, viii, 80 representation of human figure in, Chronology, xiv 205--6 Amunhotep III, xvii, 49, 51, 52, 201 see also Amarna; Tell el Amarna Chronology, xiv (Akhetaten) palace of Amunhotep III, viii Amasis, 122 Temple of Amunhotep III, xviii, Chronology, xv 186 Amduat, 49, 183 see also Malkata Amenemope Amunhotep IV, 52, 205 Chronology, xv Chronology, xiv Amenmesse see also Akhenaten Chronology, xv Amunhotep son of Hapu, 106--7 Amratian Amun-Ra, 98, 183 Glossary, xvii Anatolia, 49 in Predynastic sequence, 34 ancestor, 107--8 Table 3.1, 34 Ani (Instructions of), 114, 121 amulet, xix, xxii, 168--9 animal skin, 51 Glossary, xvii ankh, 136 Amun Glossary, xvii as supreme god, 105 Ankhsheshenqy (Instructions of), association with king, 79, 83 125 cultofAmun,47--8, 55--6 Ankhtyfy of Moalla, 43 division of, 86 Ankhu (autobiography of), 81 domain of Amun, 48, 56, 57 anthropologist, xi, 60 erasingofname,53 Antiquities Department, 11 family of, 99 see also Antiquities Service God’s Wife of, 49 Antiquities Service, 9, 10 in Kushite Period, 57 see also Antiquities Department in Opet festival, 104--5 Anukis, 27 multiplicity of forms, 98 Apis oracular consultation, 89 Glossary, xvii statue of, 99 Temple of Apis, 3 see also God’sWifeofAmun; apprenticeship, 92, 138 Karnak Temple; Temple of Apries Amun Chronology, xv © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Index More information Index 227 Arab representation as substitution, 139, Arab conquest, xvi, 4 170, 189, 195, 206 destruction of monuments, 4--5 representation of human figure, interest in Ancient Egypt, 4--5, 6, 15 197--206 rule of Egypt, 209 symbolic nature, 189, 195 Arab historians, 5 see also temple scene; tomb scene Arabic, 4, 127, 132, 139, 140 artisans, 138, 189--90, fig. 11.1 archaeology, xi, 15 Ashmolean Museum, vii, ix, xii anthropological archaeology, xi Ashur, xvii archaeological method, 12 Ashurbanipal, 57 archaeologist, xi, xvii, 10, 15, 31, Annals of Ashurbanipal, 57 75 Assyria, 51, 55, 57 Egyptian archaeology, 12--15 Assyrian, 46, 49, 54--5, 208 Archaic Period Glossary, xvii Glossary, xix, xxii astronomy, 30 historical sources for, 37 Aswan royal tombs of, xx cataract at, xviii see also Early Dynastic Period gods of, 27 architecture, 142--6, 164 quarries at, 177 architectural feature, xviii, xix, xxi, temples of, 27 xxii theNileat,21 architectural ornamentation, xx, AswanHighDam,xi,15, 21 193--4 Atbara, 24, 25 building techniques and materials, Aten, xvii, 52, 53, 105, 159 142 Glossary, xvii cone-studded architecture, 38 Atum, 99 domestic, 146--3, figs. 9.4, 9.5, 9.7--9.9 Glossary, xvii imitation of natural world, 17 Augustus, 2 in mud-brick, 176--7 Chronology, xvi of houses in unplanned settlements, aurochs 66 Glossary, xvii of Naqada II, 69 autobiography, 45, 47, 104 of New Kingdom Thebes, 62, fig. 9.9 Avaris, 45, 46, 55 of palaces, 153--9, figs. 9.11, 9.12, see also Tell el-Daba (Avaris) 10.16 Ay, 54 of temples, 159--4 Chronology, xiv stone architecture, 143--6 Armant, 21 ba, 166--7, 173, 174, fig. 10.1 army, 54, 85--8 Glossary, xvii Arsinoe, 129 see also soul art Babylon, 2, 49, 51 archaizing, 58 Badari, 146 conceptual art, 194--6 Badarian, 35 conservatism of art, 189, 207 in the Predynastic sequence, 34 relative size, 201--2 Table 3.1, 34 religious function of art, 189, 195, Bahr Yusef, 21, 22 206, 207 Bahriya Oasis, 22 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Index More information 228 Index Ballas, 13 Bolbitine (Delta channel), 18 Bankes Obelisk, 131, fig. 8.4 Book of Exodus, 4 banquet, 121 Book of Gates, 49, 183 Bareri, 18 Book of the Dead, 174, fig. 10.4 bark, fig. 6.2 Book of the Dead Spell 125, 102, 112, Glossary, xvii 170 Barthélemy, Jean Jacques, 129 Book of the Dead Spell 30b, 169 bas relief, 191 Glossary, xviii Glossary, xviii Book of the Heavenly Cow, 49, 183 Basa, 114 box pleat, vii, 117 statue of Basa, fig. 5.2 bp basin Glossary, xviii Delta, 18 branches of the Nile, 68 irrigation, 25--7 British Museum, 8, 9 of the Western Desert, 23 British Museum Papyrus 10068, 62 bathroom and lavatory bronze, xx in Amarna houses, 152--3 sheets on relief, 194 in ceremonial palaces, 159, 185 statuary, 193 battle (depictions of), vi, 55, 86 tools of, 146, 191 bau, 107 Brooklyn Museum, xii Bay, 56 brush, 190 bc Bubastis, 61 Glossary, xviii Bucolic (Delta channel), 18 beer, 121--2, 124--5 Buhen, 43, 70, fig. 4.5a, b Bekenkhonsu, 116 bull, xvii, 22 Belzoni, Giovanni, 8--9, 10, fig. 1.1 bureaucracy, 96--7 Beni Hasan, 42 importance in the Pharaonic Bent Pyramid, 180 state, 39 Berber, 127 importance of the scribe in, 91 Berlin Museum, 12 of the New Kingdom state, 47 Bes, 105 role in the Pharaonic state, 80--2 Biban el Molouk, xxiii vizier’s role in, xxiii Bible, 4, 57 burial bitumen, 5 of royal family in Step Pyramid, Glossary, xviii 177 Blue Nile, 24, 25 son’s responsibility for the father’s, boat 110, 112 in festival processions, 209 variations in style of, 169--70 in the royal funerary complex, 176, see also funerary equipment; tomb 182 burned brick, 143 in tomb scenes, 196, fig. 11.7 Buto, 36, 38, 74, 89 in travel and transportation, Butzer, Karl W., 76, 77 28 Table 4.1, 76 navy, 86 bwt, 94 on Predynastic pottery, vi, 36 Byzantine, 209 sacred boat, xvii, 101, 161 Byzantine emperor, 209 sun bark, 98 Byzantine Period, xvi, 22 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85150-3 - Egypt and the Egyptians: Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Index More information Index 229 C-14 cataract, xi, xviii, xxi, 21 Glossary, xviii fifth cataract, 52 Caesar first cataract, xi, 27, 69, 74 Chronology, xvi Glossary, xviii Cairo second cataract, 43, 44, 69 built from Pharaonic monuments, 5 Caton-Thompson, Gertrude, 69 Napoleon’s entrance, 6 cattle, xvii, 31--2, 35 Nile at, 21 causeway, 180 calcium carbonate, 190 cavalry, 86 calendar, 31 cavetto cornice, 142, 161, 179, fig. 9.1 see also akhet; peret; shemu Glossary, xviii caliph, 209, 210 Caviglia, T. B., 1 Cambyses, 58 cedar, 40, 162, 182, 193 Chronology, xv Cemetery U, 37, 38 Canaanite, 88 cenotaph, 175 Caneiro, Robert, 17 Glossary, xviii environmental conscription, 17 ceramic analysis, 14 canopic Chadic, 127 canopic chest, xviii Champollion, Jean François, 11, 12, 131 canopic coffin, xviii Précis du Système Hiéroglyphique, 131 canopic jar, xviii, 169, fig. 10.3 chapel of the hearing ear, 106 Canopic (branch of the Nile), 18 Chapelle Rouge, 48 Canopis, xviii Chariot, 46, 86 capital childbearing, 112--14 Akhenaten’s, xvii, 52, 62 Childe, V.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation
    J Archaeol Res DOI 10.1007/s10814-016-9094-7 The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation Alice Stevenson1 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract When the archaeology of Predynastic Egypt was last appraised in this journal, Savage (2001a, p. 101) expressed optimism that ‘‘a consensus appears to be developing that stresses the gradual development of complex society in Egypt.’’ The picture today is less clear, with new data and alternative theoretical frameworks challenging received wisdom over the pace, direction, and nature of complex social change. Rather than an inexorable march to the beat of the neo-evolutionary drum, primary state formation in Egypt can be seen as a more syncopated phenomenon, characterized by periods of political experimentation and shifting social boundaries. Notably, field projects in Sudan and the Egyptian Delta together with new dating techniques have set older narratives of development into broader frames of refer- ence. In contrast to syntheses that have sought to measure abstract thresholds of complexity, this review of the period between c. 4500 BC and c. 3000 BC tran- scends analytical categories by adopting a practice-based examination of multiple dimensions of social inequality and by considering how the early state may have become a lived reality in Egypt around the end of the fourth millennium BC. Keywords State formation Á Social complexity Á Neo-evolutionary theory Á Practice theory Á Kingship Á Predynastic Egypt Introduction Forty years ago, the sociologist Abrams (1988, p. 63) famously spoke of the difficulty of studying that most ‘‘spurious of sociological objects’’—the modern state.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Page the Handle
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/42753 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Moezel, K.V.J. van der Title: Of marks and meaning : a palaeographic, semiotic-cognitive, and comparative analysis of the identity marks from Deir el-Medina Issue Date: 2016-09-07 2 THE ORIGIN OF THE MARKS Identity marks have been used throughout Egyptian history. They are amply attested at several sites in Egypt, in the Early Dynastic Period as potmarks, and in the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms as potmarks, builders’ and quarry marks. The use of identity marks for individual workmen, however, and the extent to which they were used on ostraca for administrative purposes are peculiar to Deir el-Medina and the Theban necropolis. Also, the intensity of applying the marks in private context on personal objects such as neck supports, pots, bowls, stools, combs and linen found in the village, the workmen’s huts as well as in tombs, and their use in graffiti throughout the Theban mountains is unique for the community. How can we explain this? To what extent are the marks from Deir el-Medina a continuation of earlier practices? Why and when do we begin to observe the trend toward individuality and personal use? In this chapter we discuss the marks from the Theban necropolis in a broader Egyptian context in order to find out how the system came about, in form as well as in function and usage. We begin with a discussion of potmarks (section 1), followed by a discussion of builders’ marks (section 2), and finally a discussion of quarry marks (section 3).
    [Show full text]
  • I General for Place Names See Also Maps and Their Keys
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12098-2 - Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology Edited by Paul T. Nicholson and Ian Shaw Index More information Index I General For place names see also maps and their keys. AAS see atomic absorption specrophotometry Tomb E21 52 aerenchyma 229 Abbad region 161 Tomb W2 315 Aeschynomene elaphroxylon 336 Abdel ‘AI, 1. 51 Tomb 113 A’09 332 Afghanistan 39, 435, 436, 443 abesh 591 Umm el-Qa’ab, 63, 79, 363, 496, 577, 582, African black wood 338–9, 339 Abies 445 591, 594, 631, 637 African iron wood 338–9, 339 A. cilicica 348, 431–2, 443, 447 Tomb Q 62 agate 15, 21, 25, 26, 27 A. cilicica cilicica 431 Tomb U-j 582 Agatharchides 162 A. cilicica isaurica 431 Cemetery U 79 agathic acid 453 A. nordmanniana 431 Abyssinia 46 Agathis 453, 464 abietane 445, 454 acacia 91, 148, 305, 335–6, 335, 344, 367, 487, Agricultural Museum, Dokki (Cairo) 558, 559, abietic acid 445, 450, 453 489 564, 632, 634, 666 abrasive 329, 356 Acacia 335, 476–7, 488, 491, 586 agriculture 228, 247, 341, 344, 391, 505, Abrak 148 A. albida 335, 477 506, 510, 515, 517, 521, 526, 528, 569, Abri-Delgo Reach 323 A. arabica 477 583, 584, 609, 615, 616, 617, 628, 637, absorption spectrophotometry 500 A. arabica var. adansoniana 477 647, 656 Abu (Elephantine) 323 A. farnesiana 477 agrimi 327 Abu Aggag formation 54, 55 A. nilotica 279, 335, 354, 367, 477, 488 A Group 323 Abu Ghalib 541 A. nilotica leiocarpa 477 Ahmose (Amarna oªcial) 115 Abu Gurob 410 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction 1. GOALS This monograph is an attempt at presenting the development of the Nile Delta in the Predynastic period. Particular attention will be paid to the role played by the contacts between the Delta communities and the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age societies from Southern Levant. Many researchers of the ancient Near East have already presented their interpretations of the Egyptian-Southern Levantine contacts. They concentrate primarily on analyzing im- ports from Southern Levant found in Egypt, dated to the Protodynastic period and the beginnings of the Early Dynastic period, as well as Egyptian imports in Southern Levant dated to the end of the Early Bronze Age I and Early Bronze Age II (i.e. Yadin 1955; Yeivin 1960; 1967; 1968; Ward 1963: 1-4; 1964: 121-135; Amiran 1970; 1974; Gophna 1976; 1987; 1992; 1995b; Ben-Tor 1982; 1986; 1991; Tutundžić 1985; 1989; Brandl 1992; van den Brink 1992b; 2002; Andelković 1995; de Miroshedji & Sadek 2000a; 2000b; 2005; de Miroschedji et al. 2001; Hartung 2001; Kansa & Levy 2002; Levy & van den Brink 2002; Paz et al. 2005; van den Brink & Gophna 2004; Braun 2004; 2011; van den Brink & Braun 2006; Braun & van den Brink 2008; Dessel 2009; Sowada 2009; Czarnowicz 2011). Thus far, more com- prehensive attempts at interpreting Egyptian-Southern Levantine relationships in the early Predynastic period have not been taken, mostly due to the scarcity of source materials. However, intensified excavations in the Nile Delta and today’s Israel and Jordan in the re- cent years have brought materials that shed new light on the origins of Egyptian-Canaanite contacts (Mączyńska 2006; 2008; Braun & van den Brink 2008; Czarnowicz 2012b).
    [Show full text]
  • “Nothing Is Impossible” – the Professor and the Academy 10 KAROL MYŚLIWIEC
    CENTRE D’ARCHÉOLOGIE MÉDITERRANÉENNE DE L’ACADÉMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCES ÉTUDES et TRAVAUX XIX 2001 KAROL MYŚLIWIEC “Nothing is impossible” – the Professor and the Academy 10 KAROL MYŚLIWIEC Professor Kazimierz Micha³owski, the Father of Mediterranean Archaeology in Po- land, was a man of belief. Although he believed in various things, one of his most fre- quently repeated principles was that everything is possible, if one desires it enough. Nothing illustrates this better than his own biography. He never gave up, not even in the long years of complete darkness (19391956), when cherishing any hope in Poland seemed rather naive and ridiculous. As soon as the slightest ray of light had appeared on the horizon, he immediately ran towards it with the enthusiasm of a child, forgetting that he was al- ready fifty six years old. What is more, this was happening more than fifteen years after the outbreak of World War II had dramatically interrupted his activities in the Mediterra- nean (in Edfu). Younger generations can hardly imagine the post-war reality, when merely obtaining permission to visit a Western country became an event comparable to todays expeditions to the moon, and many scholars were completely deprived of that possibility for politicals reasons. 1. Faras 1961. Professor at work, studying pharaonic blocks. (Phot. T. Biniewski). THE PROFESSOR AND THE ACADEMY 11 After the political thaw in Poland in 1956, Professor Micha³owski, already Vice- director of the National Museum in Warsaw and Professor at Warsaw University, immedi- ately started to prepare a comeback to Egypt and to other countries of the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Pyramids Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu Before the pyramids oi.uchicago.edu before the pyramids baked clay, squat, round-bottomed, ledge rim jar. 12.3 x 14.9 cm. Naqada iiC. oim e26239 (photo by anna ressman) 2 oi.uchicago.edu Before the pyramids the origins of egyptian civilization edited by emily teeter oriental institute museum puBlications 33 the oriental institute of the university of chicago oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2011922920 ISBN-10: 1-885923-82-1 ISBN-13: 978-1-885923-82-0 © 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2011. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago This volume has been published in conjunction with the exhibition Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization March 28–December 31, 2011 Oriental Institute Museum Publications 33 Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban Rebecca Cain and Michael Lavoie assisted in the production of this volume. Published by The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago 1155 East 58th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA oi.uchicago.edu For Tom and Linda Illustration Credits Front cover illustration: Painted vessel (Catalog No. 2). Cover design by Brian Zimerle Catalog Nos. 1–79, 82–129: Photos by Anna Ressman Catalog Nos. 80–81: Courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Printed by M&G Graphics, Chicago, Illinois. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Service — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 ∞ oi.uchicago.edu book title TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword. Gil J.
    [Show full text]
  • Predynastic Burials
    UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Predynastic Burials Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m3463b2 Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Stevenson, Alice Publication Date 2009-12-05 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California PREDYNASTIC BURIALS دفنات ما قبل التاريخ Alice Stevenson EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Stevenson 2009, Predynastic Burials. UEE. Full Citation: Stevenson, Alice, 2009, Predynastic Burials. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6jk 1050 Version 1, December 2009 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6jk PREDYNASTIC BURIALS دفنات ما قبل التاريخ Alice Stevenson Prädynastische Gräber Enterrements à l’époque prédynastique In ancient Egypt, the primary evidence for the Predynastic Period, principally the fourth millennium BCE, derives from burials. In Upper Egypt, there is a clear trend over the period towards greater investment in mortuary facilities and rituals, experimentation in body treatments, and increasing disparity in burial form and content between a small number of elite and a larger non-elite population. In Maadi/Buto contexts in Lower Egypt, pit burials remained simple with minimal differentiation and less of a focus upon display-orientated rituals. يأتي الكم اﻷكبر من الدﻻئل اﻷثرية التي تشھد على عصر ما قبل التاريخ (القرن الرابع قبل الميﻻد) من الدفنات، فيوجد بمصر العليا اھتمام واضح خﻻل ھذه الفترة الزمنية باﻻماكن الجنائزية والطقوس، واختبار طرق جديدة لمعالجة اﻷجساد، ويظھر أيضاً بھذا الوقت فجوة كبيرة ما بين دفنات علية القوم واﻷغلبية العظمى من عامة الشعب.
    [Show full text]
  • Kolodziejczyk
    Lower Egypt in modern research on state formation in Egypt Piotr Kołodziejczyk In the mid of september 2005 in Tulouse (France) the II-nd International Conference “Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt - Origin of the State” has ended. The first conference, which took place in Cracow in 2002 gave a new impulse for researchers and scientists dealing with all the aspects of the origin of state of pharaohs. Until quite lately the Nile Delta was one of white spot’s on the archeological map of Egypt. It is obvious today that last years brought great changes in research progress and in our knowledge on this area. This progress requires verification of many theory‘s about participation of the Nile Delta in the Egyptian state formation. The history of research on prepharaonic Egypt reaches second half of the 19th century and its beginnings and biggest discoveries are related with Upper Egypt. First finds from the second half of the 19th century were not correctly classified. Between 1894 – 1895 the large predynastic cemetaries in Naqada and Ballas were excavated by W.M.F. Petrie i J.E. Quibell. These investigations brought about new discoveries which became a base for the new Petrie’s theory about new race that possessed Egypt during the Middle Kingdom period. After several years of investigations which included excavations in Abadieh and Hu cemeteries (1901) and under influence of J. De Morgan’s work (1896-1897) who was the first one having remarked the existence of earlier stages, Petrie verified his former views and linked up those early finds with predynastic period.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt Qnd Lhe Leuqnt
    Egyptqnd lhe leuqnt INTERRETATIONSFROMTHE 4TH THROUGH THE EARTY 3RDMITTENNIUM BCE Edited by Edwin C. M. vqn den Brink ond Thomqs E. Lery LeicesterUniversity Press London. New York TheRelotiveChronologicol Posilion of EgypliunPredynustic ondEorly Dynoslic Tombswilh 0biecls lmpofied from the NeorEustond the Nufure of Inferregionol Conlocls STANHENDRICKX AND LAURENTBAVAY lnfroduction their chronological position compared with the chronolog- ical sequence of the Naqada culture cannot be established Foreign objects found in Egyptian Predynastic and Early with enough precision. Dynastic tombs received much attention in the past, and For the excavations carried out at the end of the have frequently been discussed during recent years (see, nineteenth century or during the first decades of the among others, Adams and Friedman 1992; Andelkovic twentieth, the identification of imports is in many cases 1995; Braun and van den Brink 1998; Hartung 1994; very difficult, because the objects themselves can often no Hennessy 1967; I(antor 1992; I(roeper 1989; Tutundzic longer be located. It is also probable that a number of 1993). The discovery of a large quantity of Canaanite imported artifacts or materials were not recognized as such pottery at cemetery U in Abydos (Hartung 1993,1996; see at the time. The problem is even more important because however Porat and Goren, this volume) in tombs dating the cemeteries excavated in those days represent the large to the late Naqada II and early Naqada III period, i.e. majority of published Predynastic and Early Dynastic before the beginning of the First Dynasty, is of particular tombs, and will certainly continue to do so for a long time.
    [Show full text]
  • Tell El-Ghaba Ii
    Colección Estudios, 5 TELL EL-GHABA II A Saite Settlement in North Sinai, Egypt (Argentine Archaeological Mission, 1995-2004) Edited by Perla Fuscaldo Editorial Assistance: Silvia Lupo Introduction Studies Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas Departamento de Egiptología Saavedra 15, 5º, Buenos Aires (C1083), Argentina 2006 1 Tell el-Ghaba II Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU) Director: Dr. Ariel Guiance Vice-Director: Dr. Luis Borrero Address: Saavedra 15, 5th floor (C1083 ACA) Buenos Aires, Argentina Phone/fax: (00-54-11) 4953-8548, 2042 e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Egiptología (DEGIP) Chairman: Dr. Alicia Daneri de Rodrigo e-mail: [email protected] Colección Estudios: Publication of projects developed at the DEGIP Project No. I: "Sinai" Director: Dr. Perla Fuscaldo (1994-2004) e-mail:[email protected] Grants for publication 1.- CONICET, PIP 2005-2006, No. 5874. “Tell el-Ghaba. Un sitio saíta en el norte de Sinaí, Egipto”. 2.- CONICET, IMHICIHU. CONICET Tell el-Ghaba II : A saite settlement in north Sinai, Egypt (Argentine Archaeological Mission, 1995-2004). Introduction. Studies. / ; con colaboración de María Beatriz Cremonte ... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Consejo Nacional Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas - CONICET. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas - IMHICIHU. , 2011. Internet. - (Tell el-Ghaba) ISBN 978-950-692-097-5 1. Arqueología. I. Cremonte, María Beatriz, colab. II. Título. CDD 930.1 2 Tell el-Ghaba II Contents Introduction by Perla Fuscaldo Studies The Site Jorge Trench, The Geophysical Survey of the Site.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement – December 2017 – Survey of the Literature on Recent
    A Malacological Journal ISSN 1565-1916 No. 36 - SUPPLEMENT DECEMBER 2017 2 SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE ON RECENT SHELLS FROM THE RED SEA (third enlarged and revised edition) L.J. van Gemert* Summary This literature survey lists approximately 3,050 references. Shells are being considered here as the shell bearing molluscs of the Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. The area does not only comprise the Red Sea, but also the Gulf of Aden, Somalia and the Suez Canal, including the Lessepsian species in the Mediterranean Sea. Literature on fossils shells, particularly those from the Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene, is listed too. Introduction My interest in recent shells from the Red Sea dates from about 1996. Since then, I have been, now and then, trying to obtain information on this subject. Some years ago I decide to stop gathering data in a haphazard way and to do it more properly. This resulted in a first survey of approximately 1,420 and a second one of 2,025 references (van Gemert, 2010 & 2011). Since then, this survey has again been enlarged and revised and a number of errors have been corrected. It contains now approximately 3,050 references. Scope In principle every publication in which molluscs are reported to live or have lived in the Red Sea should be listed in the survey. This means that besides primary literature, i.e. articles in which researchers are reporting their finds for the first time, secondary and tertiary literature, i.e. reviews, monographs, books, etc are to be included too. These publications were written not only by a wide range of authors ranging from amateur shell collectors to professional malacologists but also people interested in the field of archaeology, geology, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • TELL EL-GINN Project (Eastern Delta) (Egypt 2004)
    [email protected] www.grepal.org TELL EL-GINN Project (Eastern Delta) (Egypt 2004) July 2003 TELL EL-GINN Project (Eastern Delta) (Egypt 2004) Luc Watrin July 2003 TELL EL-GINN Tell el-Ginn, meaning “Djinn’s Hill”, is located in Lower-Egypt in the north-eastern Delta around 150 km from Cairo1. In the 4th millennium this site was situated along a tributary of the Nile and on the banks of the Mediterranean Sea (the present-day coastline is 50 km to the north). It was professor Lech Krzyzaniak, director of the Polish School of Egyptian Prehistory, who brought the site to our attention during the Poznan Symposium on Prehistory (Poland, 2000). Professor Krzyzaniak suggested that Tell el-Ginn was very promising2, having visited the site in 1981 while excavating the neighbouring site of Tell es-Sabaa Banât. Tell el-Ginn is indeed located around two kilometers to the north-east of Tell es-Sabaa Banât (close to the Minshat Abou Omar village), and risks being destroyed due to the extension of dwellings and agriculture in this area3. Fig. 1. Localization of Tell el-Ginn site (Eastern Delta). Tell el-Ginn 1 I thank all those who collaborated on this article (Nick Collins, Gransard-Desmond J.-O, Vaudou E, Eulert P. H. Brihaye P. and Blin O., Ould Makhlouf N.). 2 L. Krzyzaniak, pers. com , Poznan, 2000. Two members of the GREPAL (N. Collins and L. Watrin) participated in the Poznan Symposium in Poland in August 2001. 3 During our survey in the region in 2001 we saw tractors trying to flatten the hillocks of Tell el-Sabaa Banât in order to have additional fields for crops.
    [Show full text]