Amadio Freddi 1
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A M A D I O F R E D D I V E S P E R S ( 1 6 1 6 ) T H E G O N Z AG A BA N D JA M I E S AVA N (c.1580–1643) Ignazio Dona (c.1570–1638) Giovanni Gabrieli Amadio Freddi 1. Domine ad adiuvandum [2:13] 12. Intonazione del Terzo et Vespers (1616) Quarto Tono [0:36] Amadio Freddi (c.1580–1643) 2. Dixit Dominus * [5:20] Amadio Freddi 13. Lauda Jerusalem * [3:51] The Gonzaga Band Biagio Marini (1594–1663) 3. Sinfonia: La Cornera [2:29] Biagio Marini Faye Newton soprano 14. Sinfonia: La Marnenga [2:24] Mark Chambers countertenor Giovanni Gabrieli (c.1554/1557–1612) Tim Travers-Brown countertenor 4. Intonazione del Secondo Tono [0:28] Amadio Freddi Steven Harrold tenor (reconstructed J. Savan) Thomas Herford tenor Amadio Freddi 15. Ave maris stella * [3:36] William Gaunt bass 5. Laudate pueri * [4:03] Oliver Webber violin Amadio Freddi Jamie Savan director, corne (treble, mute) Alessandro Grandi (1586–1630) 16. Salve Regina [2:46] Steven Devine organ 6. Tota pulchra es [4:39] (soloist: Faye Newton) (soloist: Faye Newton) Andrea Gabrieli (c.1532/3–1585) Amadio Freddi 17. Intonazione del Sesto Tono [1:21] 7. Laetatus sum * [5:26] Amadio Freddi Dario Castello (fl. 1st half 17th century) 18. Magnificat Sesto Tuono * [6:23] 8. Seconda Sonata [4:43] Giovanni Gabrieli Total playing me [58:10] 9. Intonazione del Oavo Tono [0:34] About The Gonzaga Band: Amadio Freddi ‘Faultlessly stylish’ 10. Nisi Dominus * [4:12] * World premiere recording BBC Music Magazine 11. Cognoscam te, Domine [2:57] (soloist: Thomas Herford) ‘Abundant fluency, shapely virtuosity and brilliant sonorities’ Gramophone Amadio Freddi (c.1580–1643): the archival research of Nicolea Billio Biographical Note d’Arpa. When preparing his Messa, vespro We first hear of Freddi in the payment et compieta for publicaon in 1616, records of the basilica of S. Antonio in Amadio Freddi must surely have been Padua, where in January 1592 he was aware of the famous precedent of employed on a salary of eighteen ducats Monteverdi’s Mass and Vespers collecon, to sing soprano as a permanent member issued by the same Venean press of of the cappella (having previously sung Ricciardo Amadino in 1610. Yet Freddi’s for an enre year without recompense). music is no mere imitaon of Monteverdi; He was the only soprano to be paid for indeed, he emerges as a composer of his services, suggesng his status was striking originality and sophiscaon. So rather different to that of the boys who what do we know of Amadio Freddi, an normally sang unpaid as part of their elusive figure consigned unl now to ecclesiascal training. The contradictory the footnotes of music history? dates suggested for his birth year might lead us to radically different interpretaons The scant informaon on Freddi to be here. If born in 1570 he would at this found in major reference works such as point have been a young adult of twenty- the New Grove Diconary of Music and two, and as a professional soprano he is Musicians, Musik in Geschichte und not unlikely to have been a castrato. If we Gegenwart and the Dizionario Biografico believe the later birth date then he was degli Italiani is both incomplete and just twelve years old in 1592, and therefore inconsistent, and confusion abounds in a boy soprano. A further entry in the much of the underpinning scholarly payment records in 1598 adds weight to literature. For example, according to this second interpretaon: Freddi conflicng reports, Freddi was either is here listed as a contralto, suggesng 63 or 73 at his death in 1643, which his voice had broken by this point. His raises the significant queson of whether salary also doubled to thirty-six ducats at he was born in c.1570 or c.1580. The this me. following biographical sketch is therefore my best interpretaon of the available Freddi was evidently from a poor family: evidence, drawing in parcular on his Messa, vespro et compieta is dedicated to Antonio Lando, one of the procurators corne and violin. We can but speculate Freddi seems to have been highly regarded unaccompanied five-voice madrigals in of S. Marco in Venice, whom he thanks that this experience may have fuelled at S. Antonio: in 1606, following one of which Freddi can be seen experimenng for providing help ‘which I could not Freddi’s imaginaon for the possibilies the periodic reorganisaons of the with innovave harmonic devices and hope from my father due to straitened of extracng the maximum variety and cappella, he was proposed as substute voice-leading techniques that are so fortune’. His father is named in the colour from such restricted forces. maestro di cappella and elected to the characterisc of the music we hear in the records of S. Antonio as ‘Hippolito Indeed, in his first published composion, posion even in the face of opposion Vespers of 1616. Even the very first of spadaro’. In modern Italian usage a five-voice madrigal included in the from some of the senior clergy, who these madrigals includes a bold use of spadaro might suggest a swordsmith, Laudi d’amore anthology by diversi objected on the grounds that no lay- dominant seventh chords and surprising but according to Florio’s Italian-English eccellen musici di Padova in 1598, he person had occupied this posion before. false relaons in the service of expressing diconary of 1611 it referred at that me can already be seen exploing textural However, the priests eventually held the textual affect. Significantly, the second to the lowlier posion of a ‘frubber’, i.e. contrast between high and low voices sway, with the result that his appointment part of this collecon contains a further a polisher or burnisher of swords. It to simulate anphonal effects reminiscent was rescinded a month later. Perhaps eight madrigals with harpsichord appears likely, therefore, that the of a larger polychoral model. with a view to future career progression, basso connuo, in which he explores payment Freddi received from S. Antonio Freddi took holy orders in 1608. some of the concertato techniques that in 1592 was some kind of bursary A crucial figure in Freddi’s musical Nevertheless, in February 1614 he he would employ with organ connuo awarded on account of his family’s development during his formave years was again passed over for the posion in his sacred music just two years later. limited means. at S. Antonio was the renowned of maestro di cappella, which may have polyphonist Costanzo Porta, maestro precipitated his departure from S. Any documents that might have shed light Freddi entered the musical establishment di cappella from 1595 unl his death in Antonio at the end of that same month. on the musical organisaon of the cappella of S. Antonio at a me of expansion: 1601. Freddi named Porta as his teacher of Treviso Cathedral during Freddi’s tenure by 1593 it was one of the most lavishly in the preface to his first book of madrigals Freddi found new employment as maestro were unfortunately destroyed during the appointed in northern Italy, with vocal in 1602 (no longer extant), describing him di cappella at Treviso Cathedral in 1615, Second World War, but there is some useful and instrumental forces (including as a ‘true light and supreme master, not his first recorded acvity there taking informaon contained in the records of the cornes, violins and trombones) only of musical pracce but also of place in November of that year. A possible church of S. Teonisto in Treviso where Freddi appropriate for the performance of theory’. If Porta gave Freddi his schooling clue to his acvies during the intervening found secondary employment both as a polyphonic music in the grand Venean in sle anco counterpoint, the later period (from the end of February 1614) is musician and as a celebrang priest. S. style. But is seems that the church presence in S. Antonio of the theorbist, found in the preface to his second book Teonisto was aached to a Benedicne finances were not well managed, and singer and master monodist Bartolomeo of madrigals for five voices (dated 1 convent which was a source of considerable the chapel was periodically suspended Barbarino between 1606 and 1608 March 1614), dedicated to the nobleman wealth as many of the nuns were of noble and reduced in size in order to balance would surely have opened his ears to Hippolito Aldobrandini, in which he claims origin. During Freddi’s me in Treviso the the books. During such mes of the expressive possibilies of the to have been ‘received among the number church would regularly hire in the services contracon, the chapel had to make seconda praca. of his most humble servants’. The first of external musicians to perform at the do with fewer voices and a single part of this publicaon contains twelve important feast days of S. Teonisto and the Assumpon, including a number of here), Freddi returned to a mixed vocal only serve for the Sinfonias and to give although with judicious allocaon of parts singers, a cornest, a violinist and an and instrumental scoring similar to his some rest to the voices so they do not have we were able to make do with six. organist. It is not unlikely, therefore, 1616 collecon, albeit this me for to sing connuously, but are also useful for that Freddi’s Vespers music may have been two violins and bassoon. the Ripieno, in company with the voices’. To complete the Marian sequence, we performed at S.