Social Aspects of Management: Personal Development, Cultural
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SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, CULTURAL CHANGES, ECONOMIC PROGREss ed by Magdolna Láczay and Dariusz Fatuła Kraków 2014 SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, CULTURAL CHANGES, ECONOMIC PROGREss ed by Magdolna Láczay and Dariusz Fatuła Kraków 2014 Editorial Council Klemens Budzowski, Maria Kapiszewska, Zbigniew Maciąg, Jacek Majchrowski Reviewer Csaba, Berde PhD, D. habil; Csilla, Juhász, PhD, habil; Krisztina, Dajnoki, PhD, habil; György, Szabados, PhD; Troy B. Wiwczaroski, language assistant; dr hab. Kazimierz Śliwa Copyright© by Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Krakow 2014 Cover design Joanna Sroka English translation: Anna Sosenko (Preventive Activities of Probation Centres for Juvenile Offenders: Theory and Practice); Monika Moszczak (Collective Identity in the Context of Integration); Katarzyna Skręt (Standarization process of research tools in social sciences. The account of the nationwide research on interests and career predispositions of students); Grzegorz Bełza, Anna Firek (Regional Innovation Systems in the Process of Region Management) ISBN 978-83-7571-283-4 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication or its entirety may be reproduced, transmitted or stored in any manner that allows repeated use in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, copying, recording or other without the express written permission of copyright owners. Commissioned by Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University www.ka.edu.pl Publisher Krakow Society for Education: AFM Publishing House (Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne sp. z o.o. – Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM; e-mail: [email protected]) Kraków 2014 Print Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne sp. z o.o CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... 7 PART I ................................................................................................... 9 Erzsébet Rákó Child Protection System in Romania ......................................................11 Beata Zinkiewicz Preventive Activities of Probation Centres for Juvenile Offenders: Theory and Practice ............................................................................. 21 Zbigniew Pucek Collective Identity in the Context of Integration .................................... 37 Gyula Szabó Regional Aspects of the Connections Between Marriage and the Quality of Life in Hungary ........................................................ 51 Jolanta Pułka Standarization process of research tools in social sciences. The account of the nationwide research on interests and career predispositions of students .................................................................... 63 PART II Éva Bácsné Bába Festival in Tune with Students ............................................................... 75 Veronika Bocsi The Hungarian Gypsy Minority from the Viewpoint of Value Sociology ................................................................................ 89 Tomory Ibolya ’Mawe Matatu’ – Three Stones, or Warmth of the Family Stove Enculturation in East-Africa............................................103 PART III Barnabás Szilágyi The Talent-Centred Approach of Managerial Competence Development ....................................................................119 Mariann Móré The Employee Knowledge is the New Opportunity of his Utilisation in the Higher Education ......................................................129 Anita Kozák Perspectives for Workplace Socialization and the Importance of Organizational Culture in It .............................................................137 Magdolna Láczay Relations of Social Traditions and Progression Processes in the Enterprises of the Northeastern Region .......................................147 Zbigniew Makieła Regional Innovation Systems in the Process of Region Management ........................................................................159 Judit Oláh The Overview of the Different Factors Influencing the Rural Labour Market .....................................................................173 Preface The 20th century brought us so many changes, showed up so many significant turn- ing points that we cannot designate it with one simple label. If we try it anyway, we can call it the century of changes, when series of wars and peace treaties, inventions and discoveries made people realize that they had to learn again how to live together because we were given only one Earth, which appears to be smaller and smaller. However the economic and political leaders of even the most developed countries experienced that the “melting pot of peoples” is not functioning any more in a population which originally include mixed ethnic groups and differ- ent cultural identities. Nowadays it is already clear since the last century that when mobility increased, cultural tolerance could not be guaranteed even by legal measures. A period of years or decades is not sufficient to reach cultural merge, sometimes centuries and common experiences are needed. Unfortunately even world wars and the setbacks and losses of the almost unstoppably reoccurring local wars were not enough to establish a more peaceful coexistence on Earth. In reality the multi-ethnic and multi-religious empires which made attempts with large armies and despotism failed continuously. So could it happen that a society, an economic or political system was shattered by an unexpected event to such an extent that scientists, who intended to clear up the whys and wherefores real- ized the significance of cultural differences in political, ideological and economic changes and crises. The situation is very similar in management science as well. In fact we can allege that the world expects a new management paradigm instead of the classic management schools. The idea of consumer society globalized rapidly but it also brought to surface the other social inequalities closely connected to it. Several thinkers have already tried to prognosticate the big challenges of the 21st century, for example that in our era the real question is not who has the power, who is able to enforce interests but how to unify efforts in order to reach our goals. We have to admit that the formulation of the goals became more diffi- cult. Nevertheless I would like to find the answers for the challenges of the new 8 Preface era based on those findings of an American researcher (Clarence N. Stone), which he collected during the observation of US cities – still these results are valid for the whole mankind. The main point of his opinion is that we have to focus on the mechanism of coalition building and the successfulness not on certain ac- tors, even if it is not easy to convince the public about the necessity of the new approach. The main goal of management would be to set the goals, to create the coalition but on the other hand it must be kept in mind what is realizable and who are able to support it for the most part. The essence of this point of view is that the real challenge of the future is not the power over something but the power to something. In the case of Central-European countries there are cultural differences, but the number of those cultural elements, which connect us, is much higher. The rea- sons of our socio-economic problems are completely different compared to the other, more developed parts of the world, only their manifestation may look sim- ilar. We try to strengthen ourselves in this region of the world, which has suffered a lot, still it is blessed with stand-alone cultural heritage. During this presumably long process the common Polish and Hungarian values offered an opportunity to find the best and most expedient answers and to strengthen our cooperation not only in the past but in the future as well. The papers of this book try to serve as symbolic building stones for this process. Prof. dr. habil Magdolna Láczay PART I ERZSÉBET RáKó1 Child Protection System in Romania Abstract There are several similarities between Eastern-European countries concerning historic-social de- velopment. This statement is true for the development of child protection in these countries. The present study aims to introduce the developmental history of child protection in Romania, with special attention paid to the post-communist period. The child protection of Romania caught the attention of the world in 1989 when a number of documentaries were circling round Europe, showing the harsh conditions of children living in in- stitutions. International pressure weighed on the country from 1990 to improve the circumstances of the children. The history of child protection has numerous groupings. According to Greenwell (2003): “Child welfare experts in Romania have justified defining three distinct reform periods during the transition decade. The first reform period from 1990 to 1991, is referred to as one of rapid “reparative” regulations (Zamfir, 1995). Zamfir (1995) and Roth (1998) describe the second reform period, from 1992 to 1996, as one of legislative “re-organization”. Legislative re-organization in this context implies new and sometimes conflicting laws. Roth (1998) refers to the third reform period from 1997, as “beginning reforms”. She uses this term because up until this period no widespread viable alternatives to institutionalization had been created.” (Greenwell, 2003. p 67.) The characteristics of the operation of Romanian institutions before 1989 can be summarized as follows. These institutions usually had a large capacity 1 Rákó