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Home , Loris, Lorisidae, Slow loris

Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders Slow Group

1 Welcome

 Brandon Speeg  What is Emerging Wildlife Conservation Leaders?  Zoologist  White Oak Conservation Center  Ungulates (hoofed ) 2

• Information • Identification • Care & Handling

3 4 Key Facts   Domestic and international legislation protects the  Native to countries in  Nocturnal - active at night

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CITES Listing  Convention on International Trade in Endangered (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora  Appendix I listed  All international commercial trade banned

6 IUCN Listing

 International Union for the Conservation of Nature  Endangered  N. javanicus  Vulnerable  N. pygameus  N. bengalensis  N. coucang  N. menagensis

7 Some Range Country Listings

Country Regulation (Import and Export Act Cap 82A (ESA) Wild Animals and Birds Act Decree No. 66 1973 of Ministry of Agriculture Gov. Reg. No. 7 1999 concerning protection of Wild Fauna and Flora Act No. 5 1999 Wildlife Protection Act 1992 Decree 32 2006 ND-CP PRAKAS 020 Schedule 1 of totally protected animals Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 8 Use in

 All body parts used in traditional medicine  In Cambodia, slow loris was the second most common observed at markets

9 Use in Pet Trade • The pet trade is local, regional and international • Popular as a pet in range countries, and in , Japan, Middle East, Russia, and Europe • Prices seen from US$6 in Indonesia to US$1,500- $4,500 in Japan • Easy to capture

10 11 Slow Loris Species  Five species of slow loris are currently recognized  Variation between species in size, markings and coloring  Nycticebus coucang Greater  N. bengalensis Bengal  N. menagensis Bornean  N. javanicus Javan  N. pygmaeus Pygmy/Lesser

12 Slow Loris Species Range  N. coucang Greater  Indonesia (), Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore  N. bengalensis Bengal  Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, India, ,  N. menagensis Bornean  Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan), ,  N. javanicus Javan  Indonesia ()  N. pygmaeus Pygmy  Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, China, East Thailand? 13

Facial and Body Markings  Identifying species in the market can help you determine if it is domestic or international trade  Facial markings present in all slow but variation in pattern  Between and within species  Slow lorises vary in color

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Points to Note on Identification  Variation within species  Chirping noise = juvenile  May not exhibit all species characteristics  Look similar across the species  Use characteristics to identify young animals.  Use facial and body markings to identify adult

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Identification Difficulties  Often dyed a different colour to make them more appealing  Sick or malnourished animals often underweight or do not exhibit all species characteristics  If in doubt as to what species, call an expert

16 17 Diet  The slow loris has a diverse diet in the wild:   Floral nectar  Sap  Gum  Fruit

18 Uses as Defense  Lifts arms to lick from inner elbow gland  Mixture of saliva and toxic secretion is injected into predator with a bite  Can send predators, including humans, into anaphylactic

19 Poor Conditions at Animal Markets  Bites are common when kept in small cages  Stress has a detrimental effect on its health  Diets inadequate and animals often dehydrated

 Infants rarely survive Roger Allen, IAR

20 Teeth extraction  Teeth often extracted by traders with nail clippers without anaesthetics to make it seem younger and avoid bites  Can often cause lethal infection  Difficult to return them to the wild

21 Immediate post-confiscation care

 Handle gently with gloves  Place in a box or container that allows air supply  If the animal is in a secure cage that can be confiscated and moved, leave the animal in the cage rather than cause stress by capturing and moving the animal into a new cage.  Consider draping the container on three sides with a blanket to reduce stress, as long as ventilation is not stopped 22 Immediate post-confiscation care

 Do not use a chicken wire cage. If a chicken wire cage must be used, put a towel or foliage down to protect their feet and hands.  Slow loris can escape through narrow gaps, so the container should be secured.  The container should be kept at a temperature of 19°- 30°C; injured and weakened animals are more susceptible to heat and cold stress.  Slow lorises should be transported in non air-conditioned vehicles.

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Immediate post-confiscation care

 Adding and branches () to a container can reduce stress by giving the animal a place to hide and something to grasp.  If holding the animal for an extended time in a large container, consider adding a smaller box or tube for the animal to hide and sleep in.

 Do not put two animals in a same small container if they were not together when confiscated.  Place the animal somewhere quiet.  Take to rescue centre as soon as possible.

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Immediate post-confiscation care • Place water and food such as fruit (watermelon or banana) or crickets in the box. • Evaporated milk for infants. • Possible food items: Insects: Fruits: Vegetables:  crickets  banana  squash  mealworms  grapes  Peas  beetles (small)  apple  Beans  caterpillars  mango  corn

 peeled orange  beans  kiwi  spinach Other:  durian  yam  boiled egg whites  papaya 25

This training was made possible by funding from the International Fund for Animal Welfare and the World Wildlife Fund

This presentation was originally created by Tricia Parish and Dr. KAI Nekaris of Oxford Brookes University. Parish, T.J. 2008. Identifying CITES Appendix I-listed slow lorises (: : Nycticebus): a training programme for enforcement officials and rescue centres in Southeast Asia. MSc Thesis. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford: UK.

Thanks to the following people for the use of their photos: Edwin Wiek, Manoon Pliwsungnoen, Norman Lim, David Haring, , Anna Nekaris, Karmele Llano Sanchez, Alan Knight, Ulrike Streicher, Tilo Nadler, Carly Starr, Tim Redford, Dwi Nugroho, R. Butler, International Animal Rescue, Helga Schulze.

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