Drugs: Breaking the Cycle
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Drug Law Reform: Beyond Prohibition
THE AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE Drug Law Reform Beyond Prohibition Andrew Macintosh Discussion Paper Number 83 February 2006 ISSN 1322-5421 ii © The Australia Institute. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes only with the written permission of the Australia Institute. Such use must not be for the purposes of sale or commercial exploitation. Subject to the Copyright Act 1968, reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission in any form by any means of any part of the work other than for the purposes above is not permitted without written permission. Requests and inquiries should be directed to the Australia Institute. The Australia Institute iii Table of Contents Tables and Figures v Acknowledgements vi Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 2. Definitional and conceptual issues 4 2.1 What is a drug? 4 2.2 Licit and illicit drugs 4 2.3 Classifying psychoactive drugs 4 2.4 Other useful drug terms 5 2.5 What legislative options exist for drugs? 7 2.6 What do the terms ‘decriminalisation’ and ‘legalisation’ mean? 8 2.7 Diversion programs 9 3. A brief history of Australia’s drug laws 13 4. The theory behind Australia’s drug laws 23 4.1 Why have strict drug laws? 23 4.2 Reducing negative externalities and overcoming market failure 23 4.3 Reducing harm to individuals 28 4.4 Promoting and protecting moral values 30 5. Flaws in the strict prohibition approach 33 5.1 The direct costs of prohibition 33 5.2 The indirect costs of prohibition 34 6. -
Agenda Document for Cumbria Police and Crime Panel, 11/07/2014 10:00
Cumbria Police and Crime Panel Friday, 11 July 2014 at 10.00 am Cumbria Rural Enterprise Agency, Redhills, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 0DT NB – There will be a pre-meeting for members of the Panel only at 9am AGENDA 1 MEMBERSHIP 2 APOLOGIES FOR ABSENCE 3 ELECTION OF CHAIR 4 ELECTION OF VICE-CHAIR 5 DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST 6 MINUTES To agree as a correct record the minutes of the meetings of the Police and Crime Panel held on 8 April and 9 May 2014 (copies enclosed). (Pages 9 - 16) 7 EXCLUSION OF PRESS AND PUBLIC 8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 9 POLICE AND CRIME COMMISSIONER - ANNUAL REPORT 2013/14 To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). (Pages 17 - 30) 10 FINANCIAL OUTTURN AND SUMMARY ACCOUNTS To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). (Pages 31 - 48) 11 POLICE AND CRIME PLAN - MONITORING OF OBJECTIVES To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). (Pages 49 - 62) 12 POLICE AND CRIME COMMISSIONER - FORWARD PLAN To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). (Pages 63 - 70) 13 JOINT AUDIT & STANDARDS COMMITTEE ANNUAL REPORT To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). (Pages 71 - 118) 14 COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS IN PUBLIC LIFE - CALL FOR EVIDENCE BY THE HOME AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ON POLICE AND CRIME COMMISSIONERS - RESPONSE FROM PCC To consider a report from the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner (copy enclosed). -
Drug Free Workplace
QUESTAR III BOARD POLICY NO. 3-110 DRUG FREE WORKPLACE I. Prohibition of Drugs and Other Substances. The Board of Cooperative Educational Services is committed to the prevention of alcohol, tobacco, or other substance use and abuse. Of particular concern to the Board is the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other substances in the BOCES workplaces. The Board therefore establishes that at all sites, facilities, and properties owned by or under the control of the Board, and at all activities and programs operated or sponsored by the Board, it shall be strictly prohibited to use, manufacture, possess, possess with the intent to sell, dispense, sell, or distribute alcohol and other substances, and to use or possess drug paraphernalia. The possession and appropriate exclusive personal use of over-the-counter drugs or drugs that have been prescribed by and that are being used under the supervision of a physician are exempted from this prohibition. Also exempted is the mere possession of otherwise legal tobacco products. II. Drugs and Substances Prohibited. The term "alcohol or other substances" shall be construed hereunder to refer to, but not be limited to, alcohol, including beer and wine, tobacco in any form, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, LSD, PCP, amphetamines, heroin, steroids, look- alikes, any substances referred to commonly as "designer drugs," and any other drug that is illegal under state or federal law. The inappropriate use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs is likewise prohibited. Ill. Employee Obligation to Report Conviction. Any employee of the BOCES who is convicted for violating a criminal drug statute shall notify the District Superintendent no later than five (5) days after such conviction. -
A Guide to the Government for BIA Members
A guide to the Government for BIA members Correct as of 11 January 2018 On 8-9 January 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May conducted a ministerial reshuffle. This guide has been updated to reflect the changes. The Conservative government does not have a parliamentary majority of MPs but has a confidence and supply deal with the Northern Irish Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). The DUP will support the government in key votes, such as on the Queen's Speech and Budgets, as well as Brexit and security matters, which are likely to dominate most of the current Parliament. This gives the government a working majority of 13. This is a briefing for BIA members on the new Government and key ministerial appointments for our sector. Contents Ministerial and policy maker positions in the new Government relevant to the life sciences sector .......................................................................................... 2 Ministerial brief for the Life Sciences.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Theresa May’s team in Number 10 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Ministerial and policy maker positions in the new Government relevant to the life sciences sector* *Please note that this guide only covers ministers and responsibilities pertinent -
Current Approaches and Controversies: Legalization and Non-Legalization of Drugs
How to Cite Estevez, A. G., Espinosa, A. H. R., Rodríguez, D. L., & Leyva, T. F. (2019). Current approaches and controversies: legalization and non-legalization of drugs. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 2(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v2n1.85 Current Approaches and Controversies: Legalization and Non- Legalization of Drugs Ailén Galano Estevez Universidad de Oriente, Santiago, Cuba [email protected] Ana Hortensia Rodríguez Espinosa Villa Colibrí Therapeutic Community, Santiago, Cuba [email protected] Dilka Leyva Rodríguez Universidad de Oriente, Santiago, Cuba [email protected] Thalia Fuentes Leyva Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador [email protected] Abstract When a critical analysis to date has made of, the historical aspects related to the topic of drugs, we could distinguish the existence of contrary positions regarding the possibility of legalizing them or not legalizing them. This dilemma is a very topical and important issue since opting for one position or another has economic, political and social implications that are necessary to keep track of. Therefore, the present study aims to; evaluate the advantages and disadvantages that would imply the legalization and non-legalization of drugs. Scientific journals from five years ago have consulted to date, theses and dissertations on the subject, digital and printed books that appear in libraries. Personal communication has made with researchers in the area of addictions. The main results were that the legalization of drugs is very dangerous for society due to its highly addictive and harmful effects on human beings. Likewise, specialists in addictions affirm that legalization can send the wrong message that consuming marijuana and other illegal drugs does not represent risks, which in turn can generate the wrong perception of safety and promote the promotion of consumption. -
Richard Nixon's Drug War: Politics Over Pragmatism
Richard Nixon's Drug War: Politics over Pragmatism Edmund Carlton April 20, 2012 Abstract: This thesis is an historical observation Richard Nixon's role as the instigator of America's Drug War. This Drug War is a war fought both against international drug smugglers and America's own citizens. This thesis will summarize some major trends of the politicization of the drug issue and give an in-depth analysis of how race played a role in both winning Richard Nixon the presidency in 1968 as well as how that victory has inflected itself back on to the American race dynamic. This thesis will utilize the substantial wealth of academic publications on the subject and will serve as a survey of sorts of the major drug politic academia discussing the years 1967-1972. I will also be utilizing films from this era in order to illustrate the social and race dynamic that were being negotiated in post-Civil Rights Act America. This thesis will utilize two primary documents from Richard Nixon, a Reader's Digest article from October, 1967, and a pivotal message to Congress given on July 14th, 1969 which accompanied the proposal of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act which was passed a year later in 1970. Table of Contents Introduction P. 3 THE RELEVANT HISTORY OF DRUGS IN FILM p. 8 Its Racial Implications p.13 THE RHETORICAL PRE-AMBLE TO RICHARD NIXON's PRESIDENTIAL p.15 CAMPAIGN: The Reader Digest article "What Has Happened to America" White Backlash p. 22 RICHARD NIXON'S PIVOTAL MESSAGE TO CONGRESS p. -
Rethinking America's Illegal Drug Policy
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RETHINKING AMERICA'S ILLEGAL DRUG POLICY John J. Donohue III Benjamin Ewing David Peloquin Working Paper 16776 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16776 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 February 2011 The authors wish to thank Jonathan Caulkins, Phil Cook, Louis Kaplow, Rob MacCoun, Jeffrey Miron, Peter Reuter, and participants at two NBER conferences and the Harvard Law School Law and Economics workshop for valuable comments. We are also particularly grateful to Jeffrey Miron and Angela Dills for sharing their national time series data on drug prohibition enforcement and crime. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by John J. Donohue III, Benjamin Ewing, and David Peloquin. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Rethinking America's Illegal Drug Policy John J. Donohue III, Benjamin Ewing, and David Peloquin NBER Working Paper No. 16776 February 2011, Revised March 2011 JEL No. K0 ABSTRACT This paper provides a critical review of the empirical and theoretical literatures on illegal drug policy, including cross-country comparisons, in order to evaluate three drug policy regimes: criminalization, legalization and “depenalization.” Drawing on the experiences of various states, as well as countries such as Portugal and the Netherlands, the paper attempts to identify cost-minimizing policies for marijuana and cocaine by assessing the differing ways in which the various drug regimes would likely change the magnitude and composition of the social costs of each drug. -
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A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 2018 Behavioural Models for Identifying Authenticity in the Twitter Feeds of UK Members of Parliament A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF UK MPS’ TWEETS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012; A LONGITUDINAL STUDY MARK MARGARETTEN Mark Stuart Margaretten Submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhy at the University of Sussex June 2018 1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1 DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 6 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ -
Contents Theresa May - the Prime Minister
Contents Theresa May - The Prime Minister .......................................................................................................... 5 Nancy Astor - The first female Member of Parliament to take her seat ................................................ 6 Anne Jenkin - Co-founder Women 2 Win ............................................................................................... 7 Margaret Thatcher – Britain’s first woman Prime Minister .................................................................... 8 Penny Mordaunt – First woman Minister of State for the Armed Forces at the Ministry of Defence ... 9 Lucy Baldwin - Midwifery and safer birth campaigner ......................................................................... 10 Hazel Byford – Conservative Women’s Organisation Chairman 1990 - 1993....................................... 11 Emmeline Pankhurst – Leader of the British Suffragette Movement .................................................. 12 Andrea Leadsom – Leader of House of Commons ................................................................................ 13 Florence Horsbrugh - First woman to move the Address in reply to the King's Speech ...................... 14 Helen Whately – Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party ............................................................. 15 Gillian Shephard – Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers ............................................... 16 Dorothy Brant – Suffragette who brought women into Conservative Associations ........................... -
Big Tobacco, the New Politics, and the Threat to Public Health
BMJ 2019;365:l2164 doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2164 (Published 15 May 2019) Page 1 of 9 Feature BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.l2164 on 15 May 2019. Downloaded from FEATURE INVESTIGATION Big tobacco, the new politics, and the threat to public health With several Tory leadership contenders sympathetic to its ideology, the Institute of Economic Affairs is closer to power than it has been for decades. In an exclusive investigation, Jonathan Gornall reveals how the organisation is funded by British American Tobacco and has links with senior conservative ministers. After orchestrating a series of attacks on public health initiatives, the IEA may now hold the key to No 10 Jonathan Gornall freelance journalist Suffolk Whatever the eventual consequences of Brexit for the NHS,1 2 industries that stand to gain commercially from its attacks on an article published in the Daily Telegraph in March made it public health initiatives, and it is connected—ideologically, http://www.bmj.com/ clear that an even greater threat to public health in the UK may financially, or both—to no fewer than 25 serving Conservative emerge from the battle for control of the Conservative Party. MPs, including several candidates for May’s job (see box A). In an essay published on 31 March, titled “The next Tory leader The IEA is secretive about its funding sources, but The BMJ must be a bullish libertarian,” the director general of the free can report that the organisation is part funded by British market think tank the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) set American Tobacco. -
Lessons from the Marginals Edited by Jesse Norman
Lessons from the Marginals Edited by Jesse Norman With contributions from: Nicola Blackwood MP Robert Halfon MP Richard Harrington MP Martin Vickers MP Conservative Home, 2012 CONTenTS Introduction Jesse Norman MP 1 Harlow Rob Halfon MP 8 Oxford West & Abingdon Nicola Blackwood MP 18 Watford Richard Harrington MP 25 Cleethorpes Martin Vickers MP 30 Hereford & South Herefordshire Jesse Norman MP INTRODUCTION Jesse Norman MP If the Conservative party is to win the 2015 General Election, it will need to hold a large number of marginal seats, and take more besides. As the 2010 election showed, the old laws of politics are breaking down. Seats which would normally have gone with the national swing somehow failed to do so; others swung like never before. As electronic media proliferate, trust and turnout decline and a new and far more politically eclectic generation comes to the fore, fresh thinking is needed. This collection gathers together essays from five members of the 2010 parliamentary intake: Robert Halfon, Nicola Blackwood, Richard Harrington, Martin Vickers and Jesse Norman. Together, they span a wide range of constituencies won at that election: North and South, urban and rural, taken from Labour and the Liberal Democrats, first time round or at the second or even third attempt. These seats are diverse, with diverse populations and challenges; and it is interesting to see how their different challenges are addressed in different specific ways. But what is actually remarkable is the consistency of the underlying themes to be found here. They point to a quite different approach to campaigning: accountable, energetic, personal, informal, independent- minded, rather non-partisan, and focused on social action. -
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
Tuesday Volume 541 28 February 2012 No. 270 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Tuesday 28 February 2012 £5·00 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2012 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Parliamentary Click-Use Licence, available online through The National Archives website at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/our-services/parliamentary-licence-information.htm Enquiries to The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU; e-mail: [email protected] 131 28 FEBRUARY 2012 132 resettlement and reintegration—process of integrating House of Commons the militias, which helps not only the men but the women engaged in the uprising by, for example, redefining Tuesday 28 February 2012 “fighter” to include women. Will the Minister outline what support the UK Government are giving to the Libyan Government in developing their DDRRR plan The House met at half-past Two o’clock to ensure that it addresses the concerns of women in post-conflict Libya? PRAYERS Mr Hague: This is a very important issue. From the beginning, including in the very first visit that I made to [MR SPEAKER in the Chair] Benghazi in June last year, during the conflict, we have gone out of our way to support the involvement of women in the transition in Libya. We are working BUSINESS BEFORE QUESTIONS closely with all the relevant organisations on this. We co-funded the first women’s convention in Tripoli in LONDON LOCAL AUTHORITIES BILL [LORDS] November. We are about to start a six-month programme (BY ORDER) of support to promote women’s and youth participation Resumption of adjourned debate on Question (21 February), in the political process in Libya.