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ISO 20022 Driving Business Value in Payments

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ISO 20022 Driving Business Value in Payments Un informe de Kapronasia en colaboración con FIS Índice de contenidos 3 Introducción 4 Normas de mensajería financiera 5 ISO 20022 - Una breve introducción 6 Normalizar el sector 9 Obtener valor: Ventajas de ISO 20022 11 Más datos = Mejores servicios = Valor añadido 12 ISO 20022 - transmitir más datos 13 Convergencia de pagos y modernización del sistema de pagos 14 ISO 20022 y la reducción de costes 15 El futuro Metodología El libro blanco Liberando el valor de negocio en los pagos elaborado por Kapronasia en colaboración con FIS, se basa en investigaciones primarias y secundarias. Las fuentes de la investigación secundaria incluyen bases de datos tanto internas y externas como públicas y privadas. La investigación primaria incluye entrevistas con banqueros, instituciones financieras, proveedores de tecnología y expertos del sector que participan en el sector de los pagos. KAPRONASIA Y FIS: ISO 20022 - LIBERAR EL VALOR DE NEGOCIO DE LOS PAGOS 3 Introducción A medida que el sector financiero se ha desarrollado, ha confiado cada vez más en la tecnología para facilitar el flujo de capital. Si bien la tecnología aumenta la eficacia y reduce el tiempo y el coste de las operaciones, una necesidad subyacente fundamental es que los sistemas puedan comunicarse de manera efectiva entre sí, tanto internamente dentro de una organización, como externamente con otras organizaciones. Con grandes cantidades de datos circulando por el sistema financiero cada segundo, incluso el más pequeño problema de comunicación puede ser muy costoso. A lo largo del tiempo, el sector financiero ha establecido diferentes normas para gestionar y tratar los flujos de datos. Los mercados de capital utilizan el protocolo Financial Information Exchange (FIX) para comunicar información relacionada con las operaciones con valores. Los proveedores de pagos y las instituciones financieras están bien versados en el uso de mensajes MT que transmiten información de pago a través de la red SWIFT. Aunque esta normalización ha sido beneficiosa para el sector, también ha creado una cacofonía de normas para diferentes sistemas que ha hecho que garantizar un procesamiento directo y libre de errores sea aún más difícil. Organizar los distintos tipos de pagos y las interfaces en un banco puede ser un ejercicio frustrante. A primera vista, se podría asumir que ISO 20022 no es muy diferente a muchas otras normas del sector financiero actualmente, ya que contiene información sobre una operación, o un conjunto de operaciones, en uno de varios formatos. Pero aquí es donde acaban las similitudes. ISO 20022 es una «metodología» normalizada ambiciosa y flexible para complementar, e incluso sustituir, muchos tipos diferentes de mensajes financieros existentes en el sector. La extensibilidad de la norma también implica que se pueden añadir nuevos tipos de procesos de negocio y conjuntos de datos de forma rápida y sencilla. Estas características permiten todo un nuevo conjunto de posibles funcionalidades y características que las instituciones financieras del sector tan solo han empezado a explorar. Las implicaciones y la repercusión de ISO 20022 en el sector financiero mundial son amplias y ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para que las empresas simplifiquen y optimicen los modelos de negocio existentes y creen nuevos modelos, liberando de este modo un valor de negocio adicional en los pagos que no se limita a lo mejor, más barato y más rápido. Es en este contexto en el que nos complace presentar el informe Liberando el valor de negocio en los pagos, elaborado por Kapronasia en colaboración con FIS. El informe comienza con un vistazo a las normas del sector financiero, incluida ISO 20022 y los factores que están impulsando su desarrollo. A continuación, el informe explora las principales ventajas que los bancos están obteniendo gracias y qué se puede esperar en el futuro. Esperamos que encuentre la lectura de este informe tan interesante como ha sido para nosotros la investigación. Zennon Kapron, Director. kapron ASIA 4 KAPRONASIA Y FIS: ISO 20022 - LIBERAR EL VALOR DE NEGOCIO DE LOS PAGOS Normas de mensajería financiera La posibilidad de comunicarse es uno de los preceptos fundamentales clave de nuestra sociedad. Ya se trate de regatear por una manzana en un mercado o de negociar un tratado internacional, la capacidad para transmitir la información de forma clara es fundamental. Con el fin de garantizar una comunicación eficaz, las sociedades han desarrollado miles de idiomas y dialectos que las personas y las organizaciones utilizan para compartir información. El sector financiero no es diferente y ha establecido sus propios idiomas y códigos, que cuentan en gran medida con el apoyo de la tecnología. Cada día, miles de millones de mensajes financieros se transmiten entre bancos, empresas de tecnología, servicios compartidos, proveedores de infraestructuras de mercado y otros participantes del mercado. Uno de los desafíos críticos que supone este crecimiento es la necesidad de los emisores y receptores de mensajes electrónicos de contar con un consenso acerca de cómo interpretar los datos. Una persona puede ver un mensaje de pago y probablemente entender el significado (o la «semántica» según la terminología ISO). Un ordenador debe tener un modelo (o «sintaxis») a través del cual pueda interpretar la semántica que está viendo; de ahí la necesidad de que existan normas. Los mensajes MT normalizados de SWIFT son utilizados por más de 10.000 instituciones financieras de todo el mundo para enviar mensajes en la banca corresponsal, el cambio de divisas y los créditos documentarios. El protocolo FIX es utilizado por prácticamente todas las empresas activas en el sector de los mercados de capital para transmitir instrucciones de negociación y ejecución. Algunas empresas incluso cuentan con sus propias normas internas para el formato de los mensajes. DTCC, un proveedor de servicios de infraestructuras de mercado, utiliza sus propias normas para los millones de mensajes que procesa cada día para el pago y la compensación de operaciones con valores. Si bien el sector se ha beneficiado en gran medida de las normas de mensajería, los procesos financieros y las cadenas de valor son cada vez más globales y complejos, lo que ha dado lugar a un conjunto de normas de mensajería igual de amplio y complejo. Trabajar con múltiples normas y tipos de mensajes puede ser todo un desafío y a menudo tiene como resultado un mayor gasto y un menor procesamiento directo. Consciente de este desafío, el sector financiero se unió para desarrollar unas nuevas normas que abarquen los diferentes segmentos del sector financiero. Los debates dieron lugar a la creación del estandar ISO 20022. KAPRONASIA Y FIS: ISO 20022 - LIBERAR EL VALOR DE NEGOCIO DE LOS PAGOS 5 ISO 20022 - Una breve introducción ISO 20022 y la documentación relacionada se describen en cientos de páginas en el sitio web ISO.org. A continuación, se incluye un breve resumen de lo que implica. En esencia, ISO 20022 es una norma para crear mensajes financieros que serán utilizados entre instituciones financieras y otros participantes del mercado. Incluye tanto la metodología para crear unas normas de mensajería coherentes como un almacén de metadatos que se mantiene y actualiza (a saber, un diccionario) de descripciones de mensajes y procesos empresariales. La norma actualmente abarca las operaciones de pago, la negociación de valores, la información de liquidación y las operaciones con tarjetas de débito y crédito. ISO 20022 está organizada de tal modo que los procesos empresariales comunes se identifican con independencia de las normas de mensajería y figuran en las definiciones de mensaje para garantizar la coherencia y reducir la ambigüedad en las comunicaciones financieras. Tambien incluye un sólido proceso de gobierno que pone el control de la evolución del estandar en manos de los usuarios. Esto garantiza que las normas de mensajería creadas por diferentes usuarios en diferentes segmentos sean compatibles en lo que respecta a la sintaxis y la semántica. También permite que determinados grupos de usuarios de ISO 20022 desarrollen sus propios reglamentos y directrices al tiempo que mantienen la compatibilidad general con otras comunidades de usuarios y sus normas. 6 KAPRONASIA Y FIS: ISO 20022 - LIBERAR EL VALOR DE NEGOCIO DE LOS PAGOS Normalizar el sector Los diferentes segmentos del mercado han avanzado a diferentes velocidades, pero el cambio global a ISO 20022 ha sido constante. En enero de 2019, había más de 100 iniciativas de migración a ISO 20022 completadas o en curso en todo el sector financiero y es probable que hubiera muchas más que no se han publicitado de manera expresa. En concreto, en lo que respecta a los pagos, la mayor parte de la atención se ha centrado en la cámara de compensación automatizada (ACH, por sus siglas en inglés), los pagos en tiempo real y los sistemas de pagos de alto valor. ACH La Zona Única de Pagos en Euros (SEPA, por sus siglas en inglés) se estableció en 2008 y apostó por ISO 20022 al incorporar la norma en la iniciativa desde el principio. La Cámara de Compensación Automatizada Paneuropea STEP2 (PE-ACH, por sus siglas en inglés) se estableció por primera vez en 2003. En 2008 pasó a cumplir los requisitos de SEPA y a aplicar los formatos ISO 20022. La infraestructura de STEP2 inicialmente soportaba la compensación automática de transferencias de crédito y posteriormente añadió soporte para adeudos directos y pagos con tarjeta. Todos los países de la zona euro tuvieron que migrar su infraestructura nacional de ACH a los sistemas SEPA basados en ISO 20022. Los países que no pertenecen a la zona euro, como Suiza, también migraron su infraestructura nacional de ACH a ISO 20022. El Bankers’ Automated Clearing Service (BACS) del Reino Unido utilizaba anteriormente un formato de archivo denominado «Standard 18» para sus pagos ACH, pero como parte de la New Payments Architecture (NPA), BACS también migrará a ISO 20022.
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