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Human Fungal Pathogens This is a free sample of content from Human Fungal Pathogens. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Index A Anidulafungin ABC1, 188 candidiasis management, 340 ABPA. See Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis structure, 273 Acanthamoeba castellanii,10 Antibody directed cell toxicity, 108 Ace2, 69 Antibody therapy. See Immunotherapy Acrophialophora, 520 Antifungals. See Drug development; specific drugs Acrophialophora fusispora, 520 APECED, 105, 150–151 AD. See Atopic dermatitis App1, 185 AD-HIES. See Autosomal dominant APR1, 239 hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome ARG4,68–69 Adenylate kinase, lysis assay for drug development, 277 Armellaria mellea,26 ADH5, 172 Ascomycetes, 196 Adh5, 371 Ascomycota, 4–8, 11–14, 23–25, 33, 120 AFR1, 370 Ashbya gossypii, 196 Afr1, 367 Aspergillosis. See Allergic bronchopulmonary AIDS. See HIV/AIDS aspergillosis; Invasive aspergillosis AIF1,84 Aspergillus Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 439 evolution, 24, 27, 31 Als3, 168–169, 202, 220–223, 245, 293, 417–418 overview, 12–14 ALS proteins, 164–165 Aspergillus flavus, 52, 435–436 Alternaria, 14, 521–522 Aspergillus fumigatus Alternaria alternata, 124, 519, 521–522 amino acid metabolism, 240 Alternaria chlamydospora, 521–522 aspergillosis. See Invasive aspergillosis Alternaria dianthicola, 521 B-cell immunity, 107–108 Alternaria infectoria, 521–522 biofilm, 162, 170, 173–174 Alternaria longpipes, 521 carbon assimilation, 240, 243 Alternaria tennissima, 521 cell invasion Amphotericin B adherence mechanisms, 224–225 adverse effects, 328 molecular mechanisms, 224 biofilms in resistance, 173–174 overview, 223–224 candidiasis management, 339–340, 352 clinical trials Cryptococcus treatment, 342–345, 350–351 overview, 354–355 endemic fungi infection management, 357 prospects, 355 entomophthoramycosis management, 506–507 dendritic cell invasive aspergillosis management, 355 immunotherapy, 290 mechanism of action, 272 response, 94, 97 mucormycosis management, 487–488 diagnosis, 265 pharmacodynamics of lipid formulations, 307–308 drug resistance, 368 structure, 273 ecology, 433 AN2690, 279–280 evolution, 24, 26–29, 32 Aneuploidy. See also Ploidy change innate immunity, 121–122, 124, 126–127 consequences, 83–85 iron metabolism, 246 loss of heterozygosity, 84–85 laboratory identification and biology, 433–436 mechanisms in generation, 81–83 macrophage engulfment, survival, and replication, overview, 80–81 184–185 Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with overview, 12–13 immunodeficiency (EDA-IE), 153 pattern recognition receptors, 100 563 © 2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from Human Fungal Pathogens. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Index Aspergillus fumigatus (Continued) Basidomycota, 14 ploidy change, 75–77 Batrachochytrichium,25 section Fumigati, 432–433 B cell, pathogen response, 107–108 sexual reproduction BCR1, 165, 168 drug resistance role, 53 Bcr1, 167, 169, 420 other Aspergillus species, 521 Bcy1, 203 overview, 51 Bgl2, 172 pathogen population biology significance, Biatriospora, 522 52–53 Biatriospora mackinonii, 522 sexual cycle, 51–52 Bin1, 207 T-cell immunity, 107 Biofilm vaccination, 291 comparative genomics, 168–169 zinc assimilation, 247 drug resistance Aspergillus lentulus,52–53 azoles, 371 Aspergillus nidulans echinocandins, 374 aspergillosis. See Invasive aspergillosis extracellular matrix chronic granulomatous disease, 146 Candida laboratory identification and biology, 433–436 drug resistance role, 170–171 morphogenesis, 195, 198 eDNA in drug resistance, 173 ploidy change, 76–78 glucan production, 171–172 Aspergillus niger, 52, 434–436 production, 169–170 Aspergillus oryzae, 197 Aspergillus drug resistance, 173–174 Aspergillus terreus, 52, 434–435 genetic control of development, 162, 164–168 Aspf2, 247 multispecies biofilms, 168 Ato5, 238 prospects for study, 174 Atopic dermatitis (AD), Malassezia role, 475–476 rationale for study, 161–162 Atx1, 397 species and clinical significance, 163–164 Aureobasidium, 522 Bipolaris, 14, 522 Autosomal dominant hyper-immunoglobulin Bipolaris australiensis, 522 E syndrome (AD-HIES), 148–149 Bipolaris hawaiiensis, 519, 522 Autosomal recessive hyper-immunoglobulin Bipolaris spicifera, 522 E syndrome, 153 Black fungi Axl2, 198 Acrophialophora, 520 Alternaria, 520–522 antifungal therapy, 530–531 B Aureobasidium, 522 Backusella circina, 494 Biatriospora, 522 Bad1, 228 Bipolaris, 522 Basidiobolus Chaetomium, 523 clinical features, 502–503 Chladophialophora, 523 diagnosis, 505–506 clinical spectrum of diseases, 518–521 ecology, 496–497 Curvularia, 523 epidemiology, 496–497 Cyphellophora, 523–524 evolution, 25 diagnosis, 529–530 life cycle, 499 Exophiala, 524–525 management, 506–507 Exserohilum, 525 overview, 5–4, 494–495 Falciformispora, 525 pathogenesis, 502 Fonsecaea, 525–526 taxonomy, 495–498 Hortaea, 526 Basidiobolus heterosporus, 497 Knufia, 526 Basidiobolus lacerate, 497 Madurella, 526 Basidiobolus meristosporus, 497 Medicopsis, 526 Basidiobolus microspores, 497 Neoscytalidium, 526–527 Basidiobolus ranarum, 4, 496–497, 488.503, 506–507 Ochoconis, 527 Basidiomycetes, 196–197 overview, 517–518 Basidiomycota, 8–11, 25–26, 120 Phaeoacremonium, 527 564 © 2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from Human Fungal Pathogens. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Index Phialophora, 527 drug resistance, 367–368, 370–371 Phoma, 527–528 epidemiology, 413–414 Pseudochaetosphaeronema, 528 evolution, 26–28, 30–33 Pyrenochaeta, 528 genome profiling Rhinocladiella, 528 gene-deletion methods, 68–69 Trematosphaeria, 528–529 homozygous knockouts, 69 Veronaea, 529 industry collections, 69–70 Verruconis, 529 resources, 65 Blastomyces, 4–5, 24, 27 transcription factor knockouts, 69 Blastomyces dermatitidis genome studies, 416–419 cell invasion, 228 innate immunity, 121–122, 124–126, 129 diagnosis, 266 iron metabolism, 245–246 epidemiology, 452 life cycle and genome, 67–68 evolution, 26 macrophage engulfment, survival, and replication, morphogenesis, 201, 205 180–184 T-cell immunity, 102, 107 morphogenesis, 200–209 thermal dimorphism, 452–453 nitrogen assimilation, 237–240 vaccination, 292 overview, 11–12 Bni1, 199 parasexual reproduction, 47–51 Brg1, 204 pattern recognition receptors, 100–102 Bud1, 198 ploidy change, 74–75, 77–79 Bud3, 198 vaccination, 291, 294 Bud4, 198 zinc assimilation, 247 Bud8, 198 Candida dubliniensis Bud9, 198 evolution, 26, 31 genome studies, 418–419 Candida glabrata C carbon assimilation, 240 CalA, 224 drug resistance, 370–371 CAN1, 239 epidemiology, 413–414 CAN2, 399 evolution, 33 Candida genome studies, 420–422 evolution, 24, 28, 30–31 iron metabolism, 245–246 overview, 11–12 macrophage engulfment, survival, and replication, pathogens, 413–414 180–184 taxonomy, 413–416 nitrogen assimilation, 237, 239 treatment principles. See Candida treatment overview, 11 principles zinc assimilation, 247 vaginosis mycobiome, 560 Candida guillermondii, 420 Candida albicans Candida krusei aneuploidy, 80, 82, 85 epidemiology, 413–414 B-cell immunity, 107–108 overview, 11 biofilm Candida lusitaniae, 1, 420, 77, 82 comparative genomics, 168–169 Candida metapsilosis,28 drug development, 276 Candida orthopsilosis,28 extracellular matrix Candida parapsilosis drug resistance role, 170–171 biofilms 166, 168–169 eDNA in drug resistance, 173 cell invasion, 223 glucan production, 171–172 epidemiology, 413–414 production, 169–170 evolution 28 genetic control of development, 162, 164–168 genome studies, 419–420 multispecies biofilms, 168 nitrogen assimilation, 237 carbon assimilation, 240–244 overview 11 cell invasion Candida treatment principles endothelial cell, 122–123 antifungal agents and spectrum of activity, 340 epithelial cell, 119–122 clearance confirmation, 339 565 © 2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from Human Fungal Pathogens. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Index Candida treatment principles (Continued) CDR2, 367–368, 370 clinical trials CDR3, 367 overview, 352–353 CDR4, 367 prospects, 353 CDR11, 367 disseminated infection CFEM proteins, 164, 169, 173 bone, 341 Cfl1, 209, 225 central nervous system, 341 CfmA, 224 endocardium, 341 CfmC, 224 eye, 339 Cfo1, 246, 399 renal tract, 339, 341 Cft1, 246 drug resistance. See Drug resistance CGD. See Chronic granulomatous disease general treatment principles. See Treatment Chaetomium, 523 principles, mold infection Chaetomium atrobrunneum, 523 meningioencephalitis in HIV, 339 Chaetomium funicola, 523 overview, 337–338 Chaetomium globusum, 523 rapid and effective antifungal therapy, 338 Chaetomium perlucidum, 523 source removal, 338 Chaetomium strumarium, 523 therapy modification according to species Chitin synthase, drug resistance, 374–376 determination and susceptibility Chladophialophora, 523 testing, 338 Chladophialophora arxii, 523 Candida tropicalis Chladophialophora bantiana, 523 epidemiology, 413–414 Chladophialophora boppii, 523 evolution, 28 Chladophialophora carrionni, 523 genome studies, 77, 419–420 Chladophialophora devriesii, 523 overview, 11 Chladophialophora emmonsii, 523 Cap1p, 183 Chladophialophora saturnica, 523 Carbon assimilation Chromoblastomycosis, 518 central carbon metabolism Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), regulation in host niches, 242–243 fungal infection susceptibility, 141, regulatory rewiring, 241–242 146, 439 overview, 240–241 Chs2, 375 virulence factor impact, 243–244 Chs8, 375
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