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Redalyc.Moringa Oleifera Inhibits Growth of Candida Spp. And Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Gadelha Rocha, Marcos Fábio; Pereira de Alencar, Lucas; Nogueira Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia; de Alencar Sales, Jamille; Brito de Ponte, Yago; de Aragão Rodrigues, Pedro Henrique; de Souza Sampaio, Célia Maria; de Aguiar Cordeiro, Rossana; de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Débora; de Oliveira, Francisco Carlos; Barbosa, Francisco Geraldo; Cordeiro Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo; de Araújo Neto Paiva, Manoel; Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira, Tereza de Jesus; Bezerra Moreira, José Luciano; Costa Sidrim, José Júlio Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety Ciência Rural, vol. 44, núm. 12, diciembre, 2014, pp. 2197-2203 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33132701016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência Rural, San Mtao rMinagraia o, lve.i4fe4r, an i.n1h2i, bpi.t2s 1g9r7o-w2t2h0 o3f, dCeazn, d2i0d1a4 s p p . a n d H o r t a e a w e r n eckii i shottlpa:t/e/d xfr.doomi. oMrga/c1r0o.b1r5a9c0h/0iu1m03..-.8478cr201402216967 ISSN 0103-8478 Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety Moringa oleifera inibe o crescimento de Candida spp. e Hortaea werneckii isoladas da criação de camarões Macrobrachium amazonicum com ampla margem de segurança Marcos Fábio Gadelha RochaI, II Lucas Pereira de AlencarI, II Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira BrilhanteII* Jamille de Alencar SalesI, II Yago Brito de PonteIII Pedro Henrique de Aragão RodriguesII Célia Maria de Souza SampaioI, III Rossana de Aguiar CordeiroII Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-BrancoII Francisco Carlos de OliveiraIV Francisco Geraldo BarbosaIV Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro TeixeiraII Manoel de Araújo Neto PaivaI, II Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes BandeiraII José Luciano Bezerra MoreiraII José Júlio Costa SidrimII ABSTRACT camarões, cultivados em água doce, e testar a toxicidade dos extratos em larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum. Os extratos etanólicos This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity de vagens, sementes, folhas, caules e fl ores e o extrato clorofórmico of M. oleifera extracts against fungi isolated from farmed prawns de fl ores de M. oleifera foram testados contra 14 cepas de Candida and test the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of Macrobrachium spp. e 10 cepas de Hortaea werneckii isolados da água de cultivo e amazonicum. The ethanol extracts of pods, seeds, leaves, stems do trato digestório de M. amazonicum. A atividade antifúngica foi and fl owers and chloroform extract of fl owers of M. oleifera were determinada por microdiluição, com base nos documentos M27-A3 tested against 14 strains of Candida spp. and 10 strains of Hortaea e M38-A2 do CLSI. A toxicidade foi avaliada por exposição das werneckii isolated from farming water and the digestive tract of M. larvas de M. amazonicum a concentrações entre 10-1000 mg mL-1 amazonicum. Antifungal activity was determined by microdilution, dos extratos, realizando contagem de larvas mortas (CL50), após based on the M27-A3 and M38-A2 CLSI documents. Toxicity was 24 horas. Os melhores resultados foram verifi cados com o extrato evaluated by exposing larvae of M. amazonicum at concentrations clorofórmico de fl ores, agindo frente a todas as cepas testadas, between 10-1000mg mL-1, counting dead larvae (CL50) after 24 com concentrações inibitórias mínimas variando entre 0,019-2,5 hours. The best results were verifi ed with the chloroform extract mg mL-1. O extrato etanólico de folhas, fl ores e sementes agiu ante of fl owers, acting against all tested strains, with MICs ranging 22/24, 21/24 e 20/24 cepas, respectivamente. O extrato de vagens from 0.019 to 2.5 mg mL-1. Ethanol extracts of leaves, fl owers and foi efi caz contra cepas de Candida spp. (14/24) e o extrato de caule seeds acted against 22/24, 21/24 and 20/24 strains, respectively. apenas contra quatro cepas de H. werneckii (4/24). Os extratos de The extract of pods was only effective against strains of Candida sementes, fl ores (fração clorofórmica), caules e folhas apresentaram spp. (14/24) and extract of stem only against four strains of H. baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade, enquanto que extratos de vagens e werneckii (4/24). Extracts of seeds, fl owers (chloroform fraction), fl ores (fração etanólica) apresentaram toxicidade moderada. Assim, stems and leaves showed low or no toxicity, whereas extracts of observou-se atividade antifúngica dos extratos em Candida spp . e pods and fl owers (ethanol fraction) showed moderate toxicity. Thus, H. werneckii com uma ampla margem de segurança para as larvas the antifungal activity of these extracts agaisnt Candida spp. and de M. amazonicum, demonstrando ser promissor para o manejo H. werneckii was observed, a wide margin of safety for larvae of sustentável dos efl uentes do cultivo de M. amazonicum. M. amazonicum, demonstrating to be promising for the sustainable management of effl uents from M. amazonicum farming. Palavras-chave: aquacultura, fungos, camarão, Moringa oleifera, antimicrobianos. Key words: aquaculture, Fungi, prawn, Moringa oleifera, antimicrobial INTRODUCTION RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade Freshwater prawn farming has been antifúngica de extratos de M. oleifera frente a fungos isolados de reported to have low environmental impact, making IPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. IIPrograma de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, s/n, Rodolfo Teófi lo, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Autor para correspondência. IIICurso de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. IVDepartamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. Received 02.21.14 Approved 05.10.14 Returned by the author 08.01.14 CR-2014-0266.R1 Ciência Rural, v.44, n.12, dez, 2014. 2198 Rocha et al. it a more sustainable alternative to the production fl ower extract of M. oleifera against C. albicans and of these crustaceans, when compared to the marine Microsporum canis strains from dogs (ROCHA et counterpart. This activity leads to lower disease al., 2011), suggesting the possibility of applying this incidence in animals, simplifi ed hatching, production product to control yeast and fi lamentous fungi growth systems compatible with small farms and lower associated with M. amazonicum farming. environmental impact (MACIEL & VALENTI, Thus, this study aimed to determine the 2009). However, freshwater farming is not free antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts on strains of environmental impacts and other problems, of Candida spp. and H. werneckii isolated from especially in intensive production systems. Among farming of M. amazonicum, as well as to evaluate these problems, there are land use competition, the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of this prawn. reduction of biodiversity due to discharges from cultivation and agrochemical effl uents, which lead MATERIAL AND METHODS to an increase in the populations of phytoplankton and bacteria, which are commonly isolated from Extracts cultivation areas and effl uents, including bacterial The extracts were obtained from specimens strains that present antimicrobial resistance of M. oleifera from Fortaleza, Ceará, and were (MACIEL & VALENTI, 2009; BRILHANTE et al., provided by the Chemistry Department of Federal 2011; REBOUÇAS et al., 2011). University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. Different parts Among the most commonly isolated of the plant were dried in a kiln at 40°C, and then microorganisms from aquaculture, bacteria of the subjected to three successive extractions by cold genera Vibrio and Aeromonas and fungi of the genus maceration with ethanol at intervals of 24h, generating Candida spp. are the most commonly recovered, ethanol extracts of Moringa stems (Ethanol Stem colonizing various niches, including microbiota Extract), leaves (Ethanol Leaf Extract), fl owers of animals and water during the different stages of (Ethanol Flower Extract), pods (Ethanol Pod Extract) production. Moreover, the fungus Hortaea werneckii and seeds (Ethanol Seed Extract). Likewise, Moringa has mainly been isolated in environments with salinity fl owers were dried at 40°C and then subjected to between 3000 and 7500 mg L-1 (PETROVIC et al., three successive extractions by cold maceration with 2002; SAHUL HAMEED et al., 2003; MEDEIROS chloroform PA at 24h intervals, producing chloroform et al., 2008) and has already been reported in extract of Moringa fl owers (Chloroform Flower water from Macrobrachium amazonicum farming Extract). After fi ltration, the corresponding solvents (BRILHANTE et al., 2011). Other studies have were evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary demonstrated the pathogenicity of fungi isolated in evaporator, leaving only the concentrated constituents aquaculture, such as Candida spp. and H. werneckii, extracted from the plants (ROCHA et al., 2011). to livestock, humans and other animals (PILLAI & BONAMI, 2012). Tested strains Therefore, attention should be paid to Fourteen strains of Candida spp. and the potential environmental impacts of discharge of 10 strains of H. werneckii were used, which were untreated wastes from shrimp farming, by formulating recovered as described by BRILHANTE et al. (2011). actions to reduce the degree of eutrophication and Seven isolates of Candida spp. were recovered from the load of microorganisms in wastewater. In this the digestive tract of M. amazonicum from the respect, due to the coagulant action of Moringa natural environment (one C. ciferrii; three C. famata; oleifera seeds, researchers have studied the use of one C. guilliermondii; one C.
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