DOCSLIB.ORG

The First Isolation of Hortaea Zverneckii from a Household Guinea Pig

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The First Isolation of Hortaea Zverneckii from a Household Guinea Pig Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 43, 175-180, 2002 ISSN 0916-4804 Original Article The First Isolation of Hortaea zverneckii from a Household Guinea Pig Shahana Sharmin1, Kumiko Haritani2, Reiko Tanaka1, Paride Abliz1, Kayoko Takizawa1, Ayako Sano1, Kazutaka Fukushima1, Kazuko Nishimura1, Makoto Miyaji1 1 Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan. 2Namiki Animal Hospital , 7-2-4 Namiki, Abiko, Chiba 270-0011, Japan. Received: 14, March 2002. Accepted: 26, April 2002] Abstract Hortaea werneckii, a black yeast and the causative agent of tinea nigra (a superficial type of dermatomycosis), is a human pathogen and is also found in the environment. It is not highly patho- genic but in the last fifteen to twenty years has been isolated from various human and environmental sources in Japan. As far as we know, there has been no report on the isolation of H. werneckii from animals. Recently, we found a case of a guinea pig with dark superficial lesions on the palm and dor- sal areas. Cultural and morphological studies of scrapings from the lesion showed that the causative agent was a black yeast, which was identified as H. werneckii by morphological study and molecular biological screening. Dl/D2 region of the 26S large subunit rDNA gene of this isolate was identical to those of 11 other H. werneckii isolates used as reference strains in this study. This is the first case recorded of tinea nigra caused by H, werneckii in a guinea pig. Key words: guinea pig, Hortaea werneckii, LSU rDNA gene, tinea nigra zverneckii. Introduction Tinea nigra is often found in the tropical and Tinea nigra, a black localized discoloration of subtropical zones and is also found in temperate the palms was first observed in a human in 1891 areas of the Western Hemisphere; cases have in Brazil. In 1921 a case was reported in Rio de been reported from the USA5~, Brazil6}, Uruguay7~, Janeiro from which Horta isolated a fungus he Canadas~, Costa Rica9 , Venezuela'0~, Panama" called Cladosporium zverneckii'. In 1970 von Arx India12~, Thailand'3~, Israel'4~, Congo'5~ and changed C. zverneckii to Exophiala zverneckii based Australia'6'8~. Reports from Great Britain'3~, on its annellidic budding2}. Until 1984, there was Germany'47, Canada8} and France's} attributed to some confusion regarding the nomenclature of tinea nigra as an imported fungal infection at the this black yeast, the causative agent of tinea time, because the patients presented with travel nigra on the palms and soles3~. Nishimura and history to subtropical or tropical areas. Miyaji4~ clarified its conidiogenesis by scanning Endophthalmitis due to H. zverneckiihas also been electron microscopy indicating that the conidia of reported in an immunocompetent host after cata- E. zverneckiiwere produced by both annellidic and ract surgery in USA1°~. Its ecological distribution sympodial conidiogenesis. Since the conidia of as halophilic saprobes in tropical and subtropical other Exophiala species are produced only by areas20~ and in natural saltpans21~ has also been annellidic conidiogenesis, a new genus, Hortaea was reported. The first human case in Japan was re- proposed to accommodate E. zverneckii as Hortaea ported from Okinawa prefecture located in the Corresponding author: Makoto Miyaji southern subtropical part in 1984 (Nakama et al.: Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Jpn J Med Mycol 25: 15, 1984, article in Toxicoses, Chiba University, Japanese) . More recently, other cases were re- 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan ported from Okinawa and then later from 176 真 上菌 誌 第43巻 禽八∫3号 平 成14年 Fig. 1. A skin lesion on the dorsal region of the guinea pig Fig. 2. The undersurface of the right palm of the guinea (arrow). pig (arrow). Kyushu, Shikoku and Kanto areas indicating a purulent small lesion that recovered after treat- gradual migration of the disease northwards in ment with chloramphenicol for 6 days. Japan in the last 15 to 20 years4^22'.H. werneckii On October 22, 2001, his right palm had a was also isolated from the seashore, house-dust black pigmented lesion from which pus oozed out and an indoor swimming-pool 22,2si in this country. (Fig. 2). The scrapings from his palm and back To date there has been no available informa- showed no fungal elements in a direct examina- tion regarding animal infection by this organism. tion under light microscope after KOH mounting. This paper reports the first case of cutaneous in- The culture of scrapings on Mycosel Agar plates fection of H. werneckii in a household guinea pig was also negative. The guinea pig was given with mycological and molecular biological identi- griseofulvin for one week followed by ketoconazole fication of this pathogen. by mouth and bathing with an anti-fungal medi- cated shampoo was advised. Materials and Methods By November 2, 2001, both lesions had become Case history better and the animal is currently under follow- The animal in this study was a male guinea up observation. pig (English strain), born in Japan on February, Isolates 2001 and weighing 850 g. There was no history The clinical isolate collected from the guinea of its having been taken abroad. pig was evaluated in relation to the following On June 21, 2001, the male animal was taken eleven H. werneckii isolates stored at this research to an animal clinic and was said to have been center. Isolates IFM 4885, IFM 4993, IFM 41538, screaming in a strange voice, though he was vig- IFM 41540, IFM 41541, IFM 41542, IFM 46077, orous and had a good appetite. He was infested IFM 46078, IFM 46442, IFM 46445 and IFM with lice and was administered anti-lice treat- 46446 were used as reference strains in this study. ment and vitamin C. Fungal culture was negative Mycological study at that time. All the control isolates and the clinical isolate On September 16, 2001 he was found to be from the animal were subjected to the following continuously scratching his body and had an ul- mycological studies. The growth was observed on cerous lesion with loss of hair on his back (Fig. PDA slants at room temperature for two weeks, 1). Scrapings from the lesion were cultured on and slide cultures on PDA stained with lactophenol Mycosel Agar (BBL`S, Becton Dickinson and Co., cotton blue were viewed under a light micro- Cockeysville, MD) plates at room temperature scope. for two weeks. Shiny, black yeast-like fungal colo- Extraction of DNA nies developed on the plates together with other DNA was extracted from yeast cells according environmental fungal sprouts. After subculturing to the method of Makimura et al."'. Briefly, sev- on potato dextrose agar (PDA, Difco, Detroit, eral loops of yeast cells were suspended in a USA) slants for two months at room tempera- lysing solution (100 mM Tris-HC1, pH 8.0, ture, the colonies were sticky, paste-like, metallic 30 mM EDTA and 0.5% dodecyl sulphate) black in color and had a shiny yeast-like texture. and then heated at 65C for 15 minutes. The On October 7, 2001, the animal's right forearm solution was extracted with phenol-chloroform- was swollen and the skin on his right palm had isoamylalcohol (25:24:1 [v/vl). DNA was precipi- Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 43 (No. 3 ), 2002 177 Fig. 3. Microscopic observation of yeast-form cells of the Fig. 4. Microscopic observation of a mycelial culture of isolate IFM 51425 stained with lactophenol cotton the isolate IFM 51425 stained with lactophenol cotton blue, (X 400). blue, (X 400). Annellidic conidia (arrows). Fig. 5. Alignment of nucleotide sequences of D1/D2 region of the large subunit 26S rDNA genes of H. werneckii isolates. Phylogenic type A: IFM 41540, IFM 41541, IFM 46077, IFM 46078 and IFM 46445. Phylogenic type B: IFM 46446, IFM 46442 and IFM 4993. Phylogenic type C: IFM 41542, IFM 41538 and IFM 4885 *; indicates the bases substituted in types B and C from type A. tated with chilled isopropanol. electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel in Tris/boric PCR amplification of the large subunit ribo- acid/EDTA buffer (89 mM Tris, 89 mM boric somal DNA gene (D1/D2 region) acid and 2 mM EDTA [pH 8.3]) and staining The divergent domain of Dl/D2 at the 5' end with ethidium bromide. of the LSU rDNA gene was amplified by the DNA sequencing method of Kurtzman and Robnett"l using the set The PCR amplified Dl/D2 region of the ribo- of primers NL-1 (5'-GCA TAT CAA TAA GCG somal gene was directly sequenced at both GAG GAA AAG-3') and NL-4 (5'-GGT CCG strands using an ABI PRISM 3100 sequencer TGT TTC AAG ACG G-3'). Amplification was after labeling with an ABI PRISM BigDye"' performed for 30 PCR cycles after denaturation Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied at 95C for 4 min., annealing at 551C for 2.5 min., Biosystems, Foster City, Ca., USA). The primers extension at 72C for 2.5 min. followed by a final NL-1 and NL-4 were also used in labeling. The extension at 72C for 10 min. and denaturing at nucleotide sequence data was analyzed with 94'C for 1 min. The products amplified were the genetic information processing software, purified with SUPREC''"-02 (TaKaRa, Shiga, GENETYX-MAC version 11.2.0 (Software Japan) according to the manufacturer's instruc- Development, Tokyo, Japan) and was compared tion and were visualized (not shown here) by to sequences of other H. werneckii isolates used in 178 真 菌 誌 第43巻 第3号 平 成14年 Table 1 GenBank accession no.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fungi Infections
    FUNGAL INFECTIONS mycology mycoses fungemia exo-antigen fungal antigenemia biomarker pre-emptive therapy Fungi FUNGI BACTERIA nucleus eukaryotes prokaryotes cell membrane sterols (ergosterol)* - cell wall chitin, mannan, glucan, murein, teichoic acid, chitosan proteins oxygen almost all strict aerobes facultative and obligate aerobes and anaerobes, - Heterotrophs requiring organic carbon source for growth ( biotrophic, saprophyte) - Extracellular enzymes - host defense: cell-mediated immunity (role of antibodies is minor) -> neutrophil phagocytosis and killing Antifungal agents- mode of action - Polyenes (amphotericinB, nystatines, pimarcin) - Azoles (ketokonazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, vericonazole, posaconazole) - Echinocandins (caspofungin, mikafungin, anidulafungin ) - Nucleoside analogs(antimetabolites): (5 fluorocytosine) - Allylamines: (tebinafine) Fungal morphotypes Unicellular form (Yeast) Yeasts spherical or ellipsoid fungal cells reproduce by budding Mycelial form : moulds, dermathophytes Molds hyphal or mycelial form of growth branching filaments (filamentous) . Fungal morphotypes Unicellular form (Yeast) FUNGUS FAMILY YEAST MOLDs & dermatophytes Candida, Cryptococcus, Dymorphic fungi Malessezia, Geotrichum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Trichosporon, Rodotorula Mucor, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides etc. Cladosporium, or Scopulariopsis Dimorphic fungi – have two growth forms: molds & yeast, which develope under different growth conitions phaeohyphomycetes Most authorities use the
    [Show full text]
  • Boards' Fodder
    boards’ fodder Medical Mycology By Adriana Schmidt, MD, and Natalie M. Curcio, MD, MPH. (Updated July 2015*) SUPERFICIAL ORGANISM CLINICAL HISTO/KOH TREATMENT MYCOSES* Pityriasis Malessezia furfur Hypo- or hyper-pigmented Spaghetti & meatballs: Antifungal shampoos and/or versicolor macules short hyphae + yeast PO therapy Tinea nigra Hortaea werneckii (formerly Brown-black non-scaly Branching septate hyphae Topical imidazoles or palmaris Phaeoannellomyces werneckii) macules + budding yeast allylamines Black piedra Piedraia hortae Hard firm black Dark hyphae around concretions acrospores Cut hair off, PO terbinafine, White piedra Trichosporon ovoides or inkin Soft loose white Blastoconidia, imidazoles, or triazoles (formely beigelii) concretions arthroconidia Fluorescent small Microsporum Canis KOH: spores on outside spore ectothrix: M. audouinii of the hair shaft; “Cats And Dogs M. distortum Wood’s lamp --> yellow Sometimes Fight T. schoenleinii fluorescence & Growl” M. ferrugineum+/- gypseum Large spore Trichophyton spp. (T. tonsurans in North America; T. violaceum in KOH: spores within hair Topical antifungals; PO endothrix Europe, Asia, parts of Africa). shaft antifungals for T. manuum, Tinea corporis T. rubrum > T. mentag. Majocchi’s granuloma: T. rubrum capitis, unguium T. pedis Moccasin: T. rubrum, E. floccosum. Interdigital/vesicular: T. mentag T. unguium Distal lateral, proximal and proximal white subungual: T. rubrum. White superficial: T. mentag. HIV: T. rubrum SUBQ MYCOSES** ORGANISM TRANSMISSION CLINICAL HISTO/KOH TREATMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Black Fungal Extremes
    Studies in Mycology 61 (2008) Black fungal extremes Edited by G.S. de Hoog and M. Grube CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Black fungal extremes STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 61, 2008 Studies in Mycology The Studies in Mycology is an international journal which publishes systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts, and in rare occasions the proceedings of special meetings related to all fields of mycology, biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology and systematics. For instructions for authors see www.cbs.knaw.nl. EXECUTIVE EDITOR Prof. dr Robert A. Samson, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] LAYOUT EDITOR S Manon van den Hoeven-Verweij, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Kasper Luijsterburg, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] SCIENTIFIC EDITOR S Prof. dr Uwe Braun, Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Pedro W. Crous, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David M. Geiser, Department of Plant Pathology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A. 16802. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lorelei L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Blvd, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Indoor Wet Cells As a Habitat for Melanized Fungi, Opportunistic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Indoor wet cells as a habitat for melanized fungi, opportunistic pathogens on humans and other Received: 23 June 2017 Accepted: 30 April 2018 vertebrates Published: xx xx xxxx Xiaofang Wang1,2, Wenying Cai1, A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende3, Junmin Zhang1, Ting Xie4, Liyan Xi1,5, Xiqing Li1, Jiufeng Sun6 & Sybren de Hoog3,7,8,9 Indoor wet cells serve as an environmental reservoir for a wide diversity of melanized fungi. A total of 313 melanized fungi were isolated at fve locations in Guangzhou, China. Internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS) sequencing showed a preponderance of 27 species belonging to 10 genera; 64.22% (n = 201) were known as human opportunists in the orders Chaetothyriales and Venturiales, potentially causing cutaneous and sometimes deep infections. Knufa epidermidis was the most frequently encountered species in bathrooms (n = 26), while in kitchens Ochroconis musae (n = 14), Phialophora oxyspora (n = 12) and P. europaea (n = 10) were prevalent. Since the majority of species isolated are common agents of cutaneous infections and are rarely encountered in the natural environment, it is hypothesized that indoor facilities explain the previously enigmatic sources of infection by these organisms. Black yeast-like and other melanized fungi are frequently isolated from clinical specimens and are known as etiologic agents of a gamut of opportunistic infections, but for many species their natural habitat is unknown and hence the source and route of transmission remain enigmatic. Te majority of clinically relevant black yeast-like fungi belong to the order Chaetothyriales, while some belong to the Venturiales. Propagules are mostly hydro- philic1 and reluctantly dispersed by air, infections mostly being of traumatic origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock-Inhabiting Fungi Studied with the Aid of the Model Black Fungus Knufia Petricola A95 and Other Related Strains
    M.Sc. Corrado Nai Rock-inhabiting fungi studied with the aid of the model black fungus Knufi a petricola A95 and other related strains BAM-Dissertationsreihe • Band 119 Berlin 2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand an der BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Impressum Rock-inhabiting fungi studied with the aid of the model black fungus Knufi a petricola A95 and other related strains 2014 Herausgeber: BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Telefon: +49 30 8104-0 Telefax: +49 30 8112029 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bam.de Copyright © 2014 by BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Layout: BAM-Referat Z.8 ISSN 1613-4249 ISBN 978-3-9816380-8-0 Rock-inhabiting fungi studied with the aid of the model black fungus Knufia petricola A95 and other related strains Inaugural dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) Submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of the Freie Universität Berlin by CORRADO NAI from Wallisellen (Switzerland) April 2014 First reviewer Prof. Dr. Rupert Mutzel Second reviewer Prof. Dr. Anna A. Gorbushina Day of disputation 11 July 2014 To Pia & Marco and Emilia & Oscar, without whom I would not be writing this. To Sissi, – always. Considerate la vostra semenza: Fatti non foste a viver come bruti, Ma per seguir virtute e canoscenza. Dante, Inferno XXVI, 118-120 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was primarily conducted at the Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing (BAM) in Berlin, Germany, in the framework of its Ph.D. Programme, between August 2010 and February 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Virulence Traits and Population Genomics of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium Melanogenum
    Journal of Fungi Article Virulence Traits and Population Genomics of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium melanogenum Anja Cernošaˇ 1,†, Xiaohuan Sun 2,†, Cene Gostinˇcar 1,3,* , Chao Fang 2, Nina Gunde-Cimerman 1,‡ and Zewei Song 2,‡ 1 Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (A.C.);ˇ [email protected] (N.G.-C.) 2 BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; [email protected] (X.S.); [email protected] (C.F.); [email protected] (Z.S.) 3 Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-320-3392 † These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These authors contributed equally as senior authors. Abstract: The black yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum is an opportunistic human pathogen frequently found indoors. Its traits, potentially linked to pathogenesis, have never been system- atically studied. Here, we examine 49 A. melanogenum strains for growth at 37 ◦C, siderophore production, hemolytic activity, and assimilation of hydrocarbons and human neurotransmitters and report within-species variability. All but one strain grew at 37 ◦C. All strains produced siderophores and showed some hemolytic activity. The largest differences between strains were observed in the assimilation of hydrocarbons and human neurotransmitters. We show for the first time that fungi from the order Dothideales can assimilate aromatic hydrocarbons. To explain the background, we Citation: ˇ Cernoša, A.; Sun, X.; sequenced the genomes of all 49 strains and identified genes putatively involved in siderophore pro- Gostinˇcar, C.; Fang, C.; duction and hemolysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Moringa Oleifera Inhibits Growth of Candida Spp. And
    Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Gadelha Rocha, Marcos Fábio; Pereira de Alencar, Lucas; Nogueira Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia; de Alencar Sales, Jamille; Brito de Ponte, Yago; de Aragão Rodrigues, Pedro Henrique; de Souza Sampaio, Célia Maria; de Aguiar Cordeiro, Rossana; de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Débora; de Oliveira, Francisco Carlos; Barbosa, Francisco Geraldo; Cordeiro Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo; de Araújo Neto Paiva, Manoel; Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira, Tereza de Jesus; Bezerra Moreira, José Luciano; Costa Sidrim, José Júlio Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety Ciência Rural, vol. 44, núm. 12, diciembre, 2014, pp. 2197-2203 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33132701016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência Rural, San Mtao rMinagraia o, lve.i4fe4r, an i.n1h2i, bpi.t2s 1g9r7o-w2t2h0 o3f, dCeazn, d2i0d1a4 s p p . a n d H o r t a e a w e r n eckii i shottlpa:t/e/d xfr.doomi. oMrga/c1r0o.b1r5a9c0h/0iu1m03..-.8478cr201402216967 ISSN 0103-8478 Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph on Dimorphic Fungi
    Monograph on Dimorphic Fungi A guide for classification, isolation and identification of dimorphic fungi, diseases caused by them, diagnosis and treatment By Mohamed Refai and Heidy Abo El-Yazid Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University 2014 1 Preface When I see the analytics made by academia.edu for the visitors to my publication has reached 244 in 46 countries in one month only, this encouraged me to continue writing documents for the benefit of scientists and students in the 5 continents. In the last year I uploaded 3 monographs, namely 1. Monograph on yeasts, Refai, M, Abou-Elyazeed, H. and El-Hariri, M. 2. Monograph on dermatophytes, Refai, M, Abou-Elyazeed, H. and El-Hariri, M. 3. Monograph on mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, Refai, M. and Hassan, A. Today I am uploading the the 4th documents in the series of monographs Monograph on dimorphic fungi, Refai, M. and Abou-Elyazeed, H. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Refai, 2.3.2014 Country 30 day views Egypt 51 2 Country 30 day views Ethiopia 22 the United States 21 Saudi Arabia 19 Iraq 19 Sudan 14 Uganda 12 India 11 Nigeria 9 Kuwait 8 the Islamic Republic of Iran 7 Brazil 7 Germany 6 Uruguay 4 the United Republic of Tanzania 4 ? 4 Libya 4 Jordan 4 Pakistan 3 the United Kingdom 3 Algeria 3 the United Arab Emirates 3 South Africa 2 Turkey 2 3 Country 30 day views the Philippines 2 the Netherlands 2 Sri Lanka 2 Lebanon 2 Trinidad and Tobago 1 Thailand 1 Sweden 1 Poland 1 Peru 1 Malaysia 1 Myanmar 1 Morocco 1 Lithuania 1 Jamaica 1 Italy 1 Hong Kong 1 Finland 1 China 1 Canada 1 Botswana 1 Belgium 1 Australia 1 Argentina 4 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Guide to the Classification of Fungi and Fungal-Like Protists, with Emphasis on the Fungal Genera with Medical Importance (Circa 2009)
    Reference Guide to the Classification of Fungi and Fungal-like Protists, with Emphasis on the Fungal Genera with Medical Importance (circa 2009) This outline lists some common genera of fungi and fungal-like protists, which are classified into a number of phyla, subphyla, classes, subclasses and in most cases orders and families. The classification is patterned after the broad schemes of Hawksworth et al. (1), Kirk et al. (2), Eriksson et al. (3), Alexopoulos et al. (4), and Blackwell et al (5) and was devised by PJS to reflect his perception of the relationships of the various organisms traditionally studied by mycologists and included in textbooks and manuals dealing with mycology. The classification ranks below class reflect interpretations of Alexopoulos et al. (7), and PJS. It should be noted that different biologists until recently have had varying opinions on which organisms to include in the Kingdom Fungi and on what rank should be accorded each major group. This classification outline distributes the fungi and fungal-like organisms often dealt with in traditional mycology among the three kingdoms, Protozoa, Chromista and Fungi. With only a relatively few exceptions, the genera listed are very common or are of medical importance. However, not all genera of the Kingdom Fungi involved in human and animal medical mycology are listed. Kingdom: Protozoa/Amebozoa/Eumycetozoa (collection of numerous phyla of eukaryotic, generally wall- less, unicellular, plasmodial, or colonial phagotrophic microorganisms, which includes at least four fungal-like phyla that are no longer considered to be part of the Kingdom Fungi). These have all been reclassified and renamed to reflect their nonfungal nature (see for example Reading Sz 5, which discusses the reclassification of Rhinosporidium seeberi into the additional new Phylum Mezomycetozoea).
    [Show full text]
  • Tinea Nigra by Hortaea Werneckii, a Report of 22 Cases from Mexico
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 61: 77–82. 2008. doi:10.3114/sim.2008.61.07 Tinea nigra by Hortaea werneckii, a report of 22 cases from Mexico A. Bonifaz1*, H. Badali3,4,5, G.S. de Hoog3,4, M. Cruz2, J. Araiza1, M.A. Cruz2; L. Fierro2 and R.M. Ponce2 1Department of Mycology and 2Dermatology Service, Hospital General de México, Sánchez Azcona 317-202, Col del Valle, México D.F. CP 03020, Mexico; 3CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 5Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran *Correspondence: Alexandro Bonifaz, [email protected]. Abstract: Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis caused by Hortaea werneckii. It is an infrequent asymptomatic infection that affects human palms and soles, and is mostly observed in tropical countries. We evaluate retrospectively twenty-two confirmed cases of tinea nigra from a total of eleven yr (1997–2007) and discuss the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of this disease. In twelve cases, adults were involved, in 10, children. In nineteen cases the disorder was located on palms of hands and in three on soles of feet. In all cases, the obtained isolates were morphologically identified asHortaea werneckii and the identification of ten isolates was retrospectively confirmed with the help of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA. The patients received topical treatment with Whitfield ointment, ketoconazole, bifonazole, or terbinafine.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Yeasts from the Slope Sediments of Bay of Bengal: Phylogenetic and Functional Characterization
    Mycosphere 4 (3): 346–361 (2013) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2013 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/3/1 Black yeasts from the slope sediments of Bay of Bengal: phylogenetic and functional characterization Kutty SN1, Lawman D2, Singh ISB3 and Philip R1* 1 Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi- 682016. 2 1328 Barkley Road, Telford, TN 37690-2235 USA 3 National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine arts avenue, Cochin - 16 Kutty SN, Lawman D, Singh ISB, Philip R 2013 – Black yeasts from the slope sediments of Bay of Bengal: phylogenetic and functional characterization. Mycosphere 4(3), 346–361, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/3/1 Abstract Occurrence of black yeasts in the slope sediments of Bay of Bengal was investigated during FORV Sagar Sampada cruises 236 and 245. The black yeast population was found to be very scanty in the area and the isolates could be obtained from 200m to 1000m depth regions in the slope sediments. The isolates were identified as Hortaea werneckii by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. The biodegradation potential of these strains was found to be very high with all the strains exhibiting protease, lipase and amylase production. The optimum growth conditions were pH 8, salinity 30 ppt and temperature 30oC. The pigment melanin, in these organisms was identified to be of dihydroxynaphthalene type by NMR. The melanin was found to exhibit inhibitory activity against different human and fish pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • White Piedra, Black Piedra, Tinea Versicolor, and Tinea Nigra
    IMAGES IN DERMATOLOGY 413 s White piedra, black piedra, tinea versicolor, and tinea nigra: contribution to the diagnosis of superficial mycosis* John Verrinder Veasey1 Ricardo Bertozzi de Avila1 Barbara Arruda Fraletti Miguel1 Laura Hitomi Muramatu1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176018 Abstract: Superficial mycoses are fungal infections restricted to the stratum corneum and to the hair shafts, with no penetra- tion in the epidermis; they are: white piedra, black piedra, tinea versicolor, and tinea nigra. This study presents images of mycological tests performed in the laboratory, as well as exams performed at the authors office, in order to improve the der- matologist’s knowledge about the diagnosis of these dermatoses, which are common in many countries. Keywords: Culture; Culture media; Dermoscopy; Malassezia; Mycology; Mycoses; Physical examination; Phaeohyphomyco- sis; Piedra; Tinea; Tinea versicolor Skin mycoses are frequent causes of dermatological medi- ed with the agent’s isolation in a fungus culture, with a macroscopic cal appointments in Brazil, whether in public or private healthcare and microscopic mycelium analysis. services.1 These are fungal infections that affect superficial layers of In white piedra, DME reveals hyaline nodules consisting of the skin, hair, and nails, and may be clinically classified as super- arthroconidia and some blastoconidia. The culture is white-yellow- ficial mycoses or deep mycoses. Superficial mycoses are divided ish yeast-like, with a cerebriform aspect. In micromorphology, it is into actual superficial mycoses, superficial cutaneous mycoses, and possible to view rectangular, oval, or round arthroconidia, as well as superficial cutaneous-mucosal mycoses.2,3 the presence of blastoconidia (Figure 2).2,4,5 Actual superficial mycoses are fungal infections of the In black piedra, DME reveals dark nodules attached to the corneum layer or hair cuticle, in which the host’s cell-mediated shaft, containing several ascus, with two to eight fusiform, curved immune response is minimal or absent.
    [Show full text]