DOCSLIB.ORG

Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams, Sixth President Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams, Sixth President Of NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 05680630 4 X /-. p , f\ s * LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, SIXTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. WITH THE EULOGY DELIVERED BEFORE THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. BY WILLIAM H. SEWARD. "THIS IS THE END OF EARTH I AM CONTENT." AUBURN: DERBY, MILLER AND COMPANY. 1849. V Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by DERBY, MILLER & COMPANY, In the Clerk's Office for the Northern District of New York. STEREOTYPED BY THOMAS B. SMITH, 216 WILLIAM STREET, N. T. TO THE FRIENDS OF EQUAL LIBERTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. ADVERTISEMENT. THE Publishers apologize for the delay in issuing this volume, which was announced by them as in press, more than one year since, shortly after the de- cease of its illustrious subject. Gov. Seward, in undertaking its preparation, was well aware of the engrossing attention which his professional duties re- quired, but looked constantly for relaxation from his multiplied business engagements, in the hope that he might be able to complete the work commenced by him. It however became necessary for its timely completion, to obtain the literary assistance of an able writer, who has, under his auspices, completed the work. The Publishers confidently believe, that it will in all respects, be received as a faithful and impartial " history of the Life of the Old Man Eloquent," and \vorthy a place in the library of every friend of liberty and humanity. AUBURN, April, 1849. PREFACE. THE claims of this volume are humble. For more than half a century JOHN QUINCY ADAMS had occu- a pied prominent position before the American people, and filled a large space in his country's history- His career was to extreme old out- protracted1 age.O He lived political enmity and party rancor. His purity of life his elevated and patriotic principles of action his love of country, and devotion to its interests his advocacy of human freedom, and the rights of man all to brought honor and love him. Admiring legis- lators hung with rapture on the lips of "the Old Man Eloquent," and millions eagerly perused the senti- ments he uttered, as they were scattered by the press in every town and hamlet of the Western Continent. At his decease, there was a general desire expressed for a history of his life and times. A work of this de- scription was understood to be in preparation by his family. It was not probable, however, that this could appear under several years, and when published, would undoubtedly be placed, by its size and cost, be- Xll PREFACE. yond the reach of the great mass of readers. In view of these circumstances, there was an evident want of a volume of more limited compass a book which would come within the means of the people generally, and adapted not only for libraries, and the higher classes of society, but would find its way into the midst of those moving in the humbler walks of life. To supply this want, the present work has been pre- pared. The endeavor has been made to compress within a brief compass, the principal events of the life and the scenes in of Mr. Adams, which he participated ; and to portray the leading traits of character which distinguished him from his contemporaries. It has been the aim to present such an aspect of the history and principles of this wonderful man, as shall do jus- tice to his memory, and afford an example which the youth of America may profitably imitate in seeking for a model by which to shape their course through life. How far this end has been attained, an intelli- gent and candid public must determine. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAOE The Ancestry, Birth, and Childhood of John Quincy Adams. ... 17 CHAPTER II. John Quincy Adams studies Law His Practice Engages in Public Life Appointed Minister to the Hague. 45 CHAPTER III. Mr. Adams transferred to Berlin His Marriage Literary Pursuits Travels in Silesia Negotiates Treaties with Sweden and Prussia Recalled to the United States. 63 CHAPTER IV. Mr. Adams' Return to the United States Elected to the Massachusetts Senate Appointed U. S. Senator Supports Mr. Jefferson Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres Appointed Minister to Russia. .82 CHAPTER V. Mr. Adams' arrival at St. Petersburg His Letters to his Son on the Bible His Religious Opinions Russia offers Mediation between Great Britain and the United States XIV CONTENTS. PAGK Proceeds to Ghent to negotiate for Peace Visits Paris Appointed Minister at St. James Arrives in London. 97 CHAPTER VI. Mr. Adams appointed Secretary of State Arrives in the United States Public Dinners in New York and Boston Takes up his Residence in Washington Defends Gen. Jackson in the Florida Invasion Recognition of South American Independence Greek Revolution. .113 CHAPTER VII. Mr. Adams' nomination to the Presidency Spirited Presi- dential Campaign No choice by the People Election goes to the House of Representatives Mr. Adams elected Presi- dent His Inauguration Forms his Cabinet. .137 CHAPTER VIII. Charges of Corruption against Mr. Clay and Mr. Adams Mr. Adams enters upon his duties as President Visit of La Favette Tour through the United States Mr. Adams ui delivers him a Farewell Address Departs from the United States. ... .162 CHAPTER IX. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Their Correspondence Their Death Mr. Webster's Eulogy John Q. Adams visits Quincy His Speech at the Public School Dinner in Faneuil Hall. ... 187 CHAPTER X. Mr. Adams' Administration Refuses to remove political opposers from office Urges the importance of Internal Im- provements Appoints Commissioners to the Congress of Panama His policy toward the Indian Tribes His Speech on breaking ground for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Bitter opposition to his Administration Fails of re-election to the Presidency Retires from office. 202 CONTENTS. XV CHAPTER XI. PAGE Mr. Adams' multiplied attainments Visited by Southern Gentlemen His Report on Weights and Measures His Poetry Erects a Monument to the memory of his Parents Elected Member of Congress Letter to the Bible Society Delivers Eulogy on Death of ex-President Monroe. 232 CHAPTER XII. Mr. Adams takes his seat in Congress His Position and Habits as a Member His Independence of Party His Eulogy on the Death of ex-President James Madison His advocacy of the Right of Petition, and Opposition to Sla- very Insurrection in Texas Mr. Adams makes known its ulterior object. ........ 254 CHAPTER XIII. Mr. Adams presents Petitions for the Abolishment of Slavery Opposition of Southern Members Exciting Scenes in the House of Representatives Marks of confidence in Mr. Adams. ..... 280 CHAPTER XIV. Mr. Adams' firmness in discharge of duty His exertions in behalf of the Amistad Slaves His connection with the Smithsonian Bequest Tour through Canada and New York His reception at Buffalo Visits Niagara Falls Attends worship with the Tuscarora Indians His reception at Rochester at Auburn at Albany at Pittsfield Visits Cincinnati Assists in laying the Corner Stone of an Ob- servatory. ..... 300 CHAPTER XV. Mr. Adams' Last Appearance in Public at Boston His Health Lectures on his Journey to Washington Remote XVI CONTENTS. PAGE Cause of his Decease Struck with Paralysis Leaves Quincy for Washington for the last time His final Sick- ness in the House of Representatives His Death The Funeral at Washington Removal of the Body to Quincy Its Interment. ........ 325 EULOGY. , 357 THE LIFE OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. CHAPTER I. THE ANCESTRY, BIRTH, AND CHILDHOOD, OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. THE Puritan Pilgrims of the May- Flower landed on Plymouth Rock, and founded the Colony of Massa- chusetts, on the 21st day of December, 1620. HENRY ADAMS, the founder of the Adams family in America, fled from ecclesiastical oppression in England, and joined the Colony at a very early period, but at what precise time is not recorded. He erected his humble dwelling at a place within the present town of QUINCY, then known as MOUNT WOLLASTON, and is believed to have been an inhabitant when the first Christian Church was gathered there in 1639. On the organization of the town of Braintree, which com- prised the place of his residence, he was elected Clerk of the Town. He died on the eighth day of October, 1646. His memory is preserved by a plain granite monument, erected in the burial-ground at Quincy, 18 LIFE OF JOHN ClUINCY ADAMS. by JOHN ADAMS, President of the United States, and bearing this inscription : MM illcmorrj or HENRY ADAMS, Who took his flight from the Dragon Persecution in Devonshire, in England, and alighted with eight, sons, near Mount Wollaston. One of the sons returned to England, and after taking time to explore the country, four removed to Medfield and the towns two to Chelmsford. One neighboring ; only, Joseph, who lies here at his left hand, remained here, who was an original pro- prietor in the Township of Braintree, incorporated in the year 1639. This stone, and several others, have been placed in this yard, by a great-great-grandson, from a veneration of the piety, humility, simpli- city, prudence, patience, temperance, frugality, industry, and persever- ance of his ancestors, jn hopes of recommending an imitation of their virtues to their posterity. Joseph Adams, the son of Henry Adams mentioned in the above inscription, died on the sixth of Decem- ber, 1694, aged sixty-eight years. Joseph, the next in succession, died February 12th, 1736, at the age of eighty-four years. His son John Adams, was a Dea- con of the Church at Quincy, and died May 25th, 1761, aged seventy years. This John Adams was the father of him who was destined to give not only un- dying fame to his ancient family, but a new and powerful impulse to the cause of Human Freedom throughout the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Building" Nuestra América:" National Sovereignty and Regional
    Building “Nuestra América:” National Sovereignty and Regional Integration in the Americas* Renata Keller** “It is the hour of reckoning and of marching in unison, and we must move in lines as compact as the veins of silver that lie at the roots of the Andes.” José Martí, “Nuestra América,”1891 José Martí, the Cuban intellectual and independence hero, publis- hed one of his most important essays in a Mexican newspaper while representing Uruguay at the First International Conference of Ame- rican States in Washington DC in 1891. Titled “Nuestra América,” Martí’s call to action touched on a number of themes, including nati- onalism, imperialism, and racism. He urged his readers to discard * Article submitted on September 16th, 2013 and approved for publication in October 16th, 2013. ** Renata Keller is an assistant professor of International Relations at Boston University and holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Texas at Austin. Her research and teaching interests focus on Latin American history, particularly the connections between foreign and domestic politics, the dynamics of the Cold War, and U.S. relations with Latin America. E-mail: [email protected]. CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL Rio de Janeiro, vol. 35, no 2, julho/dezembro 2013, p. 537-564. 537 Contexto Internacional (PUC) Vol. 35 no 2 – jul/dez 2013 1ª Revisão: 29/12/2013 Renata Keller their provincial mindsets, insisting that “hometowns that are still strangers to one another XX must hurry to become acquainted, like men who are about to battle together” (MARTÍ, 1977, p. 26).
    [Show full text]
  • The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design
    The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design. Michael S. Lynch Tony Madonna Asssistant Professor Assistant Professor University of Kansas University of Georgia [email protected] [email protected] January 25, 2010∗ ∗The authors would like to thank Scott H. Ainsworth, Stanley Bach, Ryan Bakker, Sarah A. Binder, Jamie L. Carson, Michael H. Crespin, Keith L. Dougherty, Trey Hood, Andrew Martin, Ryan J. Owens and Steven S. Smith for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Madonna also thanks the University of Georgia American Political Development working group for support and comments, and Rachel Snyder for helpful research assistance. All errors remain the authors. Abstract The constitutional designation of the vice president as the president of the United States Senate is a unique feature of the chamber. It places control over the Senate's rules and precedents under an individual who is not elected by the chamber and receives no direct benefits from the maintenance of its institutions. We argue that this feature of the Senate has played an important, recurring role in its development. The vice president has frequently acted in a manner that conflicted with the wishes chamber majorities. Consequently, the Senate has developed rules and precedents that insulate the chamber from its presiding officer. These actions have made the Senate a less efficient chamber, but have largely freed it from the potential influence of the executive branch. We examine these arguments using a mix of historical and contemporary case studies, as well as empirical data on contentious rulings on questions of order.
    [Show full text]
  • The Congressional Debate Over US Participation in The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Opus: Research and Creativity at IPFW Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW History Faculty Publications Department of History 11-2006 “The onC gressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825-1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy” Jeffrey J. Malanson [email protected] This research is a product of the Department of History faculty at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. Follow this and additional works at: http://opus.ipfw.edu/history_facpubs Part of the History Commons Opus Citation Jeffrey J. Malanson (2006). “The onC gressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825-1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy”. Diplomatic History.30 (5), 813-838. http://opus.ipfw.edu/history_facpubs/82 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Opus: Research & Creativity at IPFW. For more information, please contact [email protected]. jeffrey j. malanson The Congressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825–1826: Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe’s Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy When Simón Bolívar resolved in December 1824 to call a grand meeting of representatives from the independent republics of the Americas to meet at the Isthmus of Panama, he had no intention of inviting the United States to attend.
    [Show full text]
  • Chavez Presents Boli
    xviii FURTHER READING STUDIES ON BOLIVAR AND INDEPENDENCE Brown, Matthew, Adventuring Through Spanish Colonies: Sifnon BoUvar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Conway, Christopher Brian, The Cult of BoUvar in Latin Aincricati Literature (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003) Davies, Catherine, Claire Brewster and Hillary Owen, South Anicricati Independence: Gender, Politics, Text (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Earle, Rebecca, Spain and the Independence of Colombia (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2000) Lynch, John, Latin American Revolutions 1808-1826 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) Murray, Pamela, For Glory and BoUvar: The Remarkable Life of Manuela Saenz (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008) f CHRONOLOGY 1783 24 July: Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar y Palacios bom in Caracas. 1799-1802 Bolivar visits and lives in New Spain (Mexico), Spain and France. 1802 26 May: Bolivar marries Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro in Madrid. 1803 22 January: Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro dies in Caracas. 1803-1807 Bolivar travels to Spain, France, Italy and the USA. 1810 19 April: Caracas rebels against colonial mle and deposes Captain-General. New junta governs, autonomously, in the name of deposed King Femando VII. Bolivar travels to London as part of Venezuelan mission seeking recognition of its independence (returns to Venezuela in December). r k X X C H R O N O L O G Y 1811 5 July: Elected Venezuelan Congress declares independence. Beginning of First Republic. 1812 26 March: Earthquake in Caracas. 6 July: Bolivar abandons Puerto Cabello. 31 July: Bolivar complicit in arrest of Francisco de Miranda.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formative Platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American Conjecture Revisited Revista Brasileira De Política Internacional, Vol
    Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional ISSN: 0034-7329 [email protected] Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais Brasil de la Reza, Germán A. The formative platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American conjecture revisited Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, vol. 56, núm. 1, 2013, pp. 5-21 Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais Brasília, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=35827889001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ARTIGO The formative platform of the Congress of Panama (1810–1826): the Pan-American conjecture revisited A plataforma formativa do Congresso do Panamá (1810–1826): a conjectura Pan-americana revisitada GERMÁN A. DE LA REZA* Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 56 (1): 5-21 [2013] Introduction A large number of historians attribute Pan-American designs to the Amphyctionic Congress of Panama.1 One ramification of this assumption consists in making Simón Bolívar’s opposition to US participation dependent solely on specific conditions.2 In most cases, it concentrates on the process surrounding the calling of the Amphyctionic Congress, in particular the invitation strategy of the Vice-President of Gran Colombia, Francisco de Paula Santander, eliminating the importance of prior stages in their function as formative platforms for Bolivarian unionism.3 The other current of historians sustain a different perspective: the confederative project was essentially Latin American.4 * National Researcher, Level III, of Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico ([email protected]) 1 This position has been defended by, among others, Lockey (1927), Guerra (1946), Whitaker (1954), Caicedo (1961), Bernstein (1961), Castillo (1972), and Bingham (1976).
    [Show full text]
  • South American Power Politics During the 1820S Ron L
    South American Power Politics during the 1820s Ron L. Seckinger The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 56, No. 2. (May, 1976), pp. 241-267. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2168%28197605%2956%3A2%3C241%3ASAPPDT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E The Hispanic American Historical Review is currently published by Duke University Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/duke.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Sun Oct 28 14:56:15 2007 South American Power Politics During the 1820s HIS study seeks to formulate some general statements concerning intra-South American relations during the T 1820s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Policy of John Quincy Adams: a Study in Lockean Synthesis
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1987 The Foreign Policy of John Quincy Adams: A Study in Lockean Synthesis Carl Anthony Hinton College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the International Relations Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hinton, Carl Anthony, "The Foreign Policy of John Quincy Adams: A Study in Lockean Synthesis" (1987). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625419. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-84zw-e718 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FOREIGN POLICY OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS: A STUDY IN LOCKEAN SYNTHESIS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Carl Hinton 1987 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Carl Hinton Approved, September, 1987 Dr. Edward P. Ci/apol Dr. Philip J. Funigiello y «/C Dr. James P. Whittenburg TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .......................................... H INTRODUCTION ...................................... 2 A FORMATIVE INFLUENCES............................ 5 The Rationalism of Locke and Others As Influences on John Quincy Adams ••••••• 5 The Anglophobia of John Quincy Adams ..... 8 THE DIPLOMAT AS A LOCKEAN ACTING PERSON ....
    [Show full text]
  • Greg Grandin New York University
    Note for Agrarian Studies seminar: What follows can be considered an opening bid, a first position paper, on what will be a new book project, tentatively called Greater America . Its an attempt to integrate the history of the Americas, from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, around a strong argument concerning American Exceptionalism – with an emphasis on the role of what Latin American jurists called American International Law played in creating the modern multilateral system. I had hoped for this seminar to have more directly drawn out the implication for agrarian history, but time went fast and those implications remain implicit. They are, though, obvious, particularly as they relate to property rights (especially the Mexican Revolution’s challenge to international property law) and forced labor. Also, as the title of the essay suggests, the following reflects an interest in reviving a line of critical theory, influential in its way but somewhat cast aside, either by, on the one hand, a social history that hewed close to the ground or, on the other, by new critical theory that assumes a coherence and monolithic rationality to colonial or imperial knowledge and power. I don’t actually here cite Robert Drinnon’s Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian-Hating and Empire-Building , but I crib from his title since his sweep and argument has been influential. I also rely on a number of his contemporaries, including Michael Rogin and William Appleman Williams, as well as Louis Hartz. These scholars, even if they are associated with categorizes often considered totalizing, such as empire, capitalism, or liberalism, grasped the fundamental instability of Americanism; the value of their approaches, whatever their excesses, are confirmed by the fact that they practically predicted the current crisis in US politics, with its mania irreducible to position or politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Simón Bolívar E O Congresso Do Panamá: O Primeiro Integracionismo Latino-Americano
    Passagens. Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica Rio de Janeiro: vol. 9, no. 2, maio-agosto, 2017, p. 308-329. Simón Bolívar e o Congresso do Panamá: O primeiro integracionismo latino-americano DOI: 10.15175/1984-2503-20179208 Alexandre Ganan de Brites Figueiredo1 Márcio Bobik Braga2 Resumo O primeiro movimento integracionista latino-americano ocorreu no esteio das independências, já na década de 1820. Impulsionado por vários líderes daquele movimento, especialmente Simón Bolívar, ele culmina na realização do Congresso Anfictiónico do Panamá, em 1826. Naquela reunião, delegados plenipotenciários de quatro estados do continente celebraram os primeiros tratados de integração, cujas disposições anteciparam importantes institutos jurídicos do direito internacional público. Não obstante, os acordos nunca entraram em vigor por carência de ratificações. A partir de uma análise histórica, jurídica e institucional, este trabalho recupera o debate sobre o tema, analisa as fontes pertinentes e propõe uma explicação para as razões do arrefecimento daquele inciativa. Palavras-chave: Integração da América Latina; Simón Bolívar; Congresso do Panamá. Simón Bolívar y el Congreso de Panamá: el primer integracionismo latinoamericano Resumen El primer movimiento latinoamericano se fraguó al amparo de las independencias, ya en la década de 1820. Impulsado por varios líderes de aquel movimiento, en especial Simón Bolívar, culmina en la celebración del Congreso Anfictiónico de Panamá, en 1826. En aquella reunión, los delegados plenipotenciarios de cuatro estados del continente celebraron los primeros tratados de integración, cuyas disposiciones anticiparon las importantes instituciones jurídicas del derecho internacional público. Sin embargo, los acuerdos nunca llegaron a entrar en vigor por falta de ratificación. Partiendo de un análisis histórico, jurídico e institucional, este trabajo retoma el debate sobre el tema, examina las fuentes pertinentes y propone una explicación para las razones del enfriamiento de aquella iniciativa.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment – the Teacher Should Provide Students with Time to Discuss and Speculate, to Infer and to Conclude
    • Provide students with additional time to think about and to talk about Questions #1, #2, and #3 of the assessment – The teacher should provide students with time to discuss and speculate, to infer and to conclude. - Make clear that discussion time is for discussion only and not for writing. Make clear that students should not be using their time together to generate group responses to the questions or to jot down superficial responses that they’ll use later. - Remind students that when the time comes for them to respond to the questions, they will be responding independently and thoughtfully. - Remind students that while there is no one right answer to either Question #1, #2, or #3, that’s not the same as saying that “all responses are correct,” or that “any old answer will do.” Responses need to be supported by evidence, examples and/or logic. Assessment The following questions assess students’ abilities to apply reading processes and strategies for comprehending informational text. They are not intended to serve as social studies content assessments. 1. According to the text, when Napoleon set up his brother Joseph as the new King of Spain, the junta in South America refused to recognize him, but they also refused to take orders from the real Spanish king. Write a two-paragraph response where you thoughtfully consider (1) why the junta might have refused to accept any governmental authority; and (2) why people living in the world today might refuse to accept governmental authority. 2. At key points in his military and political career, Simon Bolivar had a difficult time uniting people from different countries and different cultures under one government.
    [Show full text]
  • Lehigh Preserve Institutional Repository
    Lehigh Preserve Institutional Repository Colombia and Venezuela: A Tense Relationship Has Hopes for Cooperation Pearce, Sarah 2013 Find more at https://preserve.lib.lehigh.edu/ This document is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA: A TENSE RELATIONSHIP HAS HOPES FOR COOPERATION Sarah Pearce Introduction territorial conflicts continued into the 1980s, but the nature of tensions between Colombia The deposition of King Ferdinand VII and Venezuela changed with the election of and the disappearance of the Spanish monarchy Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in 1998. in 1808 provided the necessary momentum Chávez’s ambitious plan of becoming the leader for Venezuelan-born Simón Bolívar to lead the of a unified Latin American region (similar to Spanish colonies in South America to pursue Bolívar’s Gran Colombia) caused him to support independence. In order to have a strong unified Colombia’s most prominent guerilla group, the force to fight against Spain, Bolívar united pres- Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colom- ent-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and bia (FARC). Chávez supported the FARC because Panama under a single nation called Gran they considered themselves followers of Simón Colombia in 1819. Although Bolívar hoped that Bolívar, the original leader of the independence Gran Colombia would be maintained after the and unification movements in South America. independence movement, difficulties soon However, his support for the FARC’s activities emerged that caused Venezuela to declare inde- created intense security concerns within Colom- pendence in 1831.
    [Show full text]
  • [ 1976 ] Part 1 Sec 1 Chapter 10 Questions Concerning Latin America
    Questions concerning Latin America 211 Chapter X Questions concerning Latin America Tribute to Simón Bolívar By a letter of 16 July 1976 addressed to the Secre- represented the most outstanding unionist ex- tary-General, the Dominican Republic, on behalf of periment at the international level in the nine- the countries members of the Latin American teenth century, with features which anticipated group, requested the inclusion in the agenda of the and coincided with the objectives of the United thirty-first (1976) session of the General Assembly Nations system. It expressed the hope that the of an item entitled "One hundred and fiftieth anni- ideals of Bolívar would inspire the establishment versary of the Amphictyonic Congress of Panama." of a more just international order of respect for In an explanatory memorandum, it was stated law, devoted to the maintenance of peace, the that the idea of the Amphictyonic Congress of Pan- preservation of democratic principles, the pro- ama, which met on 22 June 1826, was born of the motion of economic and social progress and the universalist thinking of Simón Bolívar, the Libera- freedom of all peoples. tor, and his vision of a united, strong America, The Assembly, by the same resolution, formu- unified not only in order to solve internal problems lated the wish for a successful outcome of the but also in order to confront dangers from external negotiations for the conclusion of a new treaty on sources. the Panama Canal, which would eliminate the In commemorating the anniversary of the Pan- causes of conflict between Panama and the United ama meeting, the Latin American group wanted to States, in accordance with principles agreed to by pay a tribute to Simón Bolívar and to recall his the parties concerned.
    [Show full text]