E

BuPers changes

A the heartof a shib- the BTs aboard The memorial plaque honoring those who served honorablv in Viet- nam, was unveiled by President Jimm.v Carter last Veterans Day at Arlington National Cemetery. The work in bronze, executed b.v Lewis King, is on display in the Trophy Room at the Memorial Amphitheater near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Photo by PHAN Mark Sand- ers, USNR-R. MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 56th YEAR OF PUBLICATION MAY 1979 NUMBER 748

Ch'ief of 'Naval Operations: ADM Thomas B. Hayward Chief of Information: RADMDavid M. Cooney OIC Navy Internal Relations Act.: CAPTJames E. Wentz

Features 6 NAVY 6 REORGANIZESBUPERS Keeping in touch with modern management methods Page 6 1 0 197910 CALL FOR FUNDS Kicking off theNavy Relief Fund Drive

12 TURNING AND BURNING BTs keep the ship's heart pumping

21 CREO - CAREERREENLISTMENT OBJECTIVES New rules make for easier conversion

24 SECNAVKNO POSTURESTATEMENTS Reporting on theState of the Navy

28 THE BATTLE OFTHE CORAL SEA Thirty-seven years ago - but remembered still

32 THEYRUN ON PRIDE Flying Rifles workas one I- Page 28 37 PAY AND ALLOWANCES Sixth in a series on Navy Rights and Benefits

Departments 2 Currents 18 Bearings 48 BuoyMail Covers Front: BT3 John Comer is one of a nurnber.of people who keep USS Concord (AFS 5) "Turning and Burning." To find out how and why, see the story starting on page 12. Photo by JOI Jerry Atchison. Back: AT3 Theresa Brennan, a member of the Flying Rifles, participates in a sunset colors ceremony. The story of this precision teambegins on page 22. Photo by PH1 Michael F. Wood. Staff: Editor: John F. Coleman;News Editor: Joanne E. Dumene Associates: RichardHosier (Layout); Michael Tuffli (Art); Edward Jenkins, JOI(SS) Pete Sundberg(Research); and Elaine McNeil (Editorial Assistant)

Send mail to: All Hands, Hoffman No. 2,200 Stovall St., Alexandria, Va. 22332. Phone: (202) 325-0495; AUTOVON 221-0495. Message: NAVINRELACT WASHINGTON DC (PASS TO ALL HANDS) Page 37 Fleet Reserve People transferring to the Fleet Reserve may now expect to receive their first paycheck sooner. Recently, a number of Navy activities tackled the Transfers on problem of how to reduce the time required to issue the initial retainer Last Day Of Month check.They discovered that procedures could be standardized to speed response time if all Fleet Reserve transfers were authorized on the last day of the month. Therefore, to provide better service in establishing new re- tired pay accounts, transfers to the Fleet Reserve will be authorized only on the last dayof the month, commencing Jan. 3 1, 1980. Fleet Reserve transfer authorizations already issued which grant transfer dates other than the last day of the month remain in effect. BUPERS Notice1830 of Feb. 26, outlines the policy change.

USS Tarawa (LHA l), first in a newclass of amphibious assault ships and Largest Amphib the largest amphibious ship in service, arrived in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, re- Makes First cently on the first leg of its initial WESTPAC deployment. In Hawaii, WeStPac Deployment Tarawa and other units of Amphibious Squadron Seven embarked 1,200 Marines of the 37th Marine Amphibious Unit and their equipment. Tarawa, 820 feet long at the flight deck and 20 stories high, is second in size only to an aircraft carrier. Fully loaded, the ship displaces some 39,000 tons and is capable of speeds in excess 20 of knots. The ship is named for the November 1943 Battleof Tarawa, the fight for the first Pacific atoll taken by U.S. Marines in World War 11. Accompanying Tarawa are USS St. Louis (LKA 116), USS Denver (LPD 9), USS Fort Fisher (LSD 40), USS Barbour County (LST 1195) and USS Schenectady (LST 1 185). The ships and embarked Marineswill participate in amphibi- ous operations during deployment with the Seventh Fleet.

Naval Reserve personnel in certain ratings are now eligible for a reenlist- ReenI ist mentBonus ment bonus if they reenlist for a three- or six-year period, or if they ex- for the Naval tendfor three years. Members of the Selected Reserve in the following ratings are eligible for the incentive award: AO, ASE, ASH, ASM, AT, AX, Reserve Okaved EW, FTM, GMM, GMT, MN, OT and PR. The bonus payments will total $1,800 for six years and $900 for three years. Half the bonus is paid at the start of the reenlistment term and the rest is paid in increments of $150 at the end of each year. To qualify, the member can have no more than nine years total military service at the time of reenlistment or ex- tension, nor can he previously have received a reenlistment or extension bonus for service in the Selected Reserve. Additionally, the member must have satisfactory participation in reserve training for the previous year at the time of reenlistmentor extension. Complete informationwill be in- cluded in a future change to 3UPERSINST 5400.42E. I 2 ALL HANDS Large Soviet Naval Force Deployed to Med

Navy Braces for Energy Shortage; Gasoline AI locations MayBe Low

MAY 1979 3 One way to keep up with the ever-mounting inflation spiral is to increase New High Cost the maximum reimbursement rates for military personnel sentto certain Areas for areas of the United States on temporary duty. Effective March 1, the TEMADD Travelers DOD PerDiem Committee did just that. The following cities and counties are among those recently designated high cost areas with new maximum allowable daily rates of$43 based on cost increasesin the area: Chicago, Cook and Lake Counties, Ill.; Oakland, Calif., and Alameda County; Monterey, Calif., &d Monterey County; Newark, N.J.,and Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Passaic and Union Counties;San Jose, Calif., and Santa Clara County; San Mateo, Calif., and San Mateo County. Currently, per diem is based on$35 for temporary duty. However if the individual travels to a high cost area, including the new ones listed above, reimburse- ment is onan actual expense basis unless reimbursement on a per diem basis is requested. To receive payment for actual expenses, personnel must keep lodging receipts and a list of other expenses and submit themto the disbursing officer with their claim.Joint Travel Regulations, Volume One, contains a list of existing high cost areas and additional information.

Taurus (the bull), Aquila (the eagle). Aries (the ram), and Gemini (the Names Picked for twins) have been approved as the names of the four combatant missile Hydrofoil-Patrol Ships (hydrofoil) patrol ships now under construction. The ships will complete a squadron of six patrol hydrofoil missileships (PHM) being built by Boeing Marine Systems. The prototype of the class,USS Pegasus (PHM l), was commissioned in 1977. Ships of this class are named for constellations. Taurus, Aquila, Aries, Gemini, a fifth ship named Hercules, and Pegasus will perform surface warfare and patrol missions. PHMs are capable of speeds in excess of 40 knots, even in heavy seas. Armament includes Harpoon missiles, a rapid-fire 76mm lightweight gun, MK-92 gunfire control system, and the rapid bloom offboard chaff system.

Bilge water. It’s oily, it takes up space, and it’s potentially dangerous. NRL Technique What can you do with it?In San Diego, Calif., a technique developed by Separates Oil from the NavalResearch Laboratory (NRL) is beingused toseparate the oil Bilge Water fromthe bilge water.The oil isthen sold and the clean water is returned to the environment. The new technique, whichis helping alleviate water pollution in the San Diego Harbor area,is being used in a bilge waste col- lection and treatment system developed by the Naval Facilities Engineer- ing Command. The collection and treatment system consists of a dough- nut-shaped 26,000-gallon tank aboard a waste oil raft towed to ships in the harbor. The bilge waste is pumped into the tank at the ship site and then returned to dockside for the demulsification process. Using the tech- nique developed by NRL, certain compounds are mixed in the oily bilge waste and the oil is separated from the mixture. Dr. Ralph C. Little, NRL’s principal investigator in the research, said oil recovery officials at the San Diego Naval Station are very pleased with the NRL technique. “The NRL technique is not only a means of diminishing oil pollution problems, but is also a more effective and economical way to dispose of oily waste matter from ships,” Dr. Little said.

4 ALL HANDS Navy League The Navy League of the United States. has announced the 1979 winnersof its National Awards for Outstanding Achievements in Leadership,Mari- National Award time Affairs, Science, Service to Community and Literature. The Navy Winners Announced award winners are: - The John Paul Jones Award for Inspirational Leadership - Captain Jerry 0. Tuttle, while serving as commanding officer, USS Kennedy (CV 67). - The Admiral ClaudeV. Ricketts Award for Inspirational Leadership by a Navy Enlisted Man. (For the first time, three awards are being presented in this category) - Senior Chief Radioman Delbert R. Wheat, USS Forrestal (CV 59) and Naval Communication Area Master Station, Atlantic; Senior Chief Boiler Technician Richard J. Evans, USSPensacola (LSD 38); and Senior Chief Construction Electrician George J. Wright Sr., U.S. Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133. - The Captain Winifred Quick Collins Award for Superior Performance of Duty by a Woman Officer - Lieutenant (junior grade) Andrea E. Rice, Fleet Composite Squadron One, assigned to the Pacific Fleet. - The Stephen Decatur Award for Operational Competence- Chief Avia- tion Antisubmarine Warfare Operator ThomasK. Hohl, Patrol Squadron Six, assigned to the Pacific Fleet. - The Robert M. Thompson Award for Outstanding Civilian Leadership- George T. Welsh, Head Football Coach,U.S. Naval Academy. - The Rear AdmiralWilliam S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Tech- nical Progress - Captain Alfred Skolnick, Project Manager, Navy High Energy Laser Project. - The John A. McIntire Navy Judge Advocate Writing Award- Lieuten- ant Commander RogerF. Pitkin, JAGC, Naval Justice School, Newport, R.I., for his article “The Military Justice System: An Analysis from the Defendant’s Perspective.’’ The awards were presented April 19 during the 1979 Navy League Con- vention in Dallas, Texas.

First At-Sea Tests Initial at-sea tests of a new Satellite Radio Navigation System have shown amazing accuracy. An error of only 50 feet was achieved in a man over- of NAVSTAR board scenario using the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation during tests aboard USSFanning (FF 1076). A precision anchoring test came within 100 yards of the anchorage point using NAVSTAR GPS. Ulti- Look Promising mately, 24 satellites will transmit accurately timed L-band signals around the clock to subsurface, surface and air forces. NAVSTAR GPS tests look particularly promising forASW and other navigation requirements. During harbor navigation exercises, GPS demonstrated better than 50-yard ac- curacy. Operating in fog on GPS alone, Fanning navigated San Diego Harbor under 150- to 800-yard visibility conditions. The systemwill be operational for the first time in 1986 when 18 satelliteswill be available. Full operational capability is expected in 1987 when 24 satelliteswill be in orbit.

MAY 1979 5

BY JO1 DAN WHEELER Manpower,Personnel and Training at the same tlme, carrying out policy. (OP-01) headed by VADM Baldwin. After 36 years’ service, the Bureau of Q. What’swrong with that? NavalPersonnel (BuPers) ceased to Q. Isn’t VADM Baldwin the Chief of A. One thing I’ve noticed during my exist on Oct. 31, 1978. Two new com- Naval Personnel? years in the Navy is this: If you have a mands replaced it: the Deputy Chief of A. Yes. VADM Baldwin will retain job requiringyou todo both short- Naval Operations for Manpower, Per- that title to indicate that he directs the range and long-range things, you’ll sonnel and Training(OP-01) headed by Navy’s personnelmanagement. We spend most of your time on the short- Vice Admiral Robert B. Baldwin; and needed an officer at the three-star level rangeassignments-the long-range theNaval Military Personnel Com- with direct access to the CNO torepre- things will suffer. Something thathas to mand (NMPC) headed by Rear Admi- sent all civilian and military personnel. be done by 0800 tomorrow can’t wait; ral Carl J. Seiberlich. Therefore, the titles of DCNO (MPT) something concerning a project with a Though the Navy’s central personnel and Chief of NavalPersonnel were 1985 deadline can wait, if ithas to. department underwent significant rea- retained forVADM Baldwin. Addi- Underthe new system, long-range lignment, few people in the fleet have tionally, he has cognizance over three planners are in a separate department, noticed.Their letters to “Bureau of field commands: NavalCivilian Person- whereas, in my command, we are NavalPersonnel, Washington, D.C.” nel Command, Chief of Naval Educa- involved in the day-to-day operations continue to find their way to the proper tion and Training, and Naval Military and management of personnel. “Pers” departmentat Arlington Annex. Personnel Command (NMPC) which I What, then, is different? All Hands command. Q. NMPC is your only responsibility? recently met with RADM Seiberlich, A. No, I’m double-hatted as the Dep- Commander of NMPC, tofind out just Q. What is OP-01’sresponsibility? uty Chief of Naval Personnel. The rea- that. A. OP-01 handles all Navy personnel son is this: Underthe law, thereare policy-making functions.At the staff about 58 interface points that must be Q. Admiral Seiberlich, whywas Bu- level in OP-01, we previously had OP- dealt with by either the CNP orhis dep- Pers reorganized? 01 C which was the manpower shop and uty. If 1 were not the DCNP, VADM A. We’ve done more than simply reor- PERS-2 which handled personnel plan- Baldwin would not have anyone to han- ganize BuPers; we are actually reorgan- ning and programming. These people dle many of the routine responsibilities izing the Navy’s entiremanpower, weredouble-hatted and worked with which we are tasked under CNP personnel and training system to get it together to make policy. The organiza- requirements. This may change. aligned with the total force. tion, however, was not in line with the There is legislation being drafted now Several years ago, Congress decided planning, programming and budgeting to effect changes to Title 10 of the U.S. the Navy’s personnel management sys- organizationthat exists inthe Code to accommodate the new organi- tem was too fragmented. Requirements remainder of the OpNav staff. The reor- zation. I have under me certain third- for active duty, civilian and reserve per- ganization of OP-01, bringingman- echelon field commands-the Navy sonnel, contractor support and training power,personnel and training under Recruiting Command,for instance- were being handled by agencies that one roof,set it up in the sameway as the and expect that more will be added by communicated with eachother, but rest of OpNav. the end of the year.All of these changes didn’t work closely enough together-a will be incorporated into the new law. major reorganization was needed. Q. What, then, is the function of Vice Admiral Robert S. Salzer (Ret) NMPC? Q. Willthe BuPers Manual become headed.a group which studied how we A. We are a Navywide personnel sup- the NMPC Manual,a simplename couldreorganize to meet personnel port command. We have taken over all change? requirements. VADM Salzer presented the functions of BuPers except that of A. The BuPers Manual, as it now aconceptual plan to then-Chief of policy making which is handled by OP- stands, includes both policy and proce- Naval Operations Admiral J.L. Hollo- 01. NMPC gets policy direction from dures. I had some people takeprelimi- a way 111 (which he approved). Next, a the CNO and OP-01. nary look at it to see how easy it would civilian contractor was hired to refine We execute policy. Let me emphasize be to separate the two andit’s not going concepts in theSalzer Studyand we that: we do not makepolicy. We execute to be easy. It will have to be revised, but picked up the reorganizational plan in- policy and there are advantagesto that. we can’t actually revise the manual until house. During the following18 months, the law has been changed.Once it is we devised a planto put manpower,per- Q. What advantages, admiral? amended, we’ll find out what the new sonneland training management A. One is that we can now devote our law specifies relative to theoverall inter- requirements into ausable organiza- full attention to execution. Under the faces of DCNO(MPT), NMPC, the tion. The result was the creation of the previous system, there were many peo- Civilian Personnel Command, the CNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for ple involved in both policy making and, and the Secretary of the Navy-they’re

MAY 1979 7 all involved. At that time, I expect to As far as therest of the operation,we order writing support, etc. We had one deal with the problemof what to call the have a section involved in the establish- group of detailerswriting enlisted new manual(s). ment of PASS offices; the maintenance ordersand another writing officer of records, retirements and separations orders. I've taken all support functions Q. People who havepreviously written are handled by NMPC just as-theywere and combined them-we've saved a to BuPers tofindout about their orders, in BuPers. number of billets by doing this, but, if for instance... you're an officer or enlisted person in A. They'll write to the Naval Military Q. Has thereorganization affected the field, you can't tell the difference. Personnel Command. What's happen- officer and enlisted detailing? ing right now is people write to BuPers A. What used to be PERS-4and Q. Whynot? just as they've always done. If the sub- PERS-5 have been combined so officer A. You get the same person when you ject falls within procedures, NMPC and enlisted detailing is handled in the call your detailing section and we are handles it; if it's about policy making, same office. I did this because there are providing the same services. It's simply OP-01 handles it. We're not having any many support functions in the distri- been consolidated. I want to say here problems in that area; in fact, every- butionsystem-management of that the principal goal I have through- thing is proceeding smoothly. permanent change of station manning, out this entire reorganization is to pro-

VADM R. 6. BALDWIN

COMMANDER NMPC RADM C. J. SElBERLlCH Naval NMPC 00 J

EXEC ASST NMPC-OOC Military MCPON NMPC.000

CDR FOR T DISTRIBUTION -ASST.NMPC-006 I NMPC 01 - ADMIN OFFICER 4 J Personnel NMPC 02 -COMPTROLLER NMPC 03 - LIAISON & CORRESPONDENCE NMPC 04 - NAVY UNIFORM MATTERS NMPC 05 - PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER Command NMPC 06 - LEGAL NMPC 07 - DIRECTOR. NAVY PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION NMPC 08 -PASS PROGRAM MANAGER I CHIEF OF STAFF NMPC-OOA

I I

RECDRDDATA DISTRIBUTION OCCUPATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE PROGRESSIONS MANAGEMENT DIVISION CLASSIFICATION MGMT & PE~SONAL NMPC.4 DIVISION AFFAIRS DIVISION NMPC-5 NMPC.6

I MPN PERFORMANCE & NAVAL RESERVE TIF AUTO MPT SUPPORT FINANCIAL MGMT SECURITY PERSONNEL MGMT SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT NMPC-S NMPC.7 NMPC.8 NMPC.9 I NMPC.16 I

8 ALL HANDS vide better support and better service, renovate in 16 months. We took the 16- nel manning and training requirements particularlyfor enlisted andjunior monthoption and combined enlisted before purchasing new weaponsand officer personnel. and officer detailing-something we other software systems. In the past, we By better service, I’m talking about had wanted to do anyway. used to buy a weapon and then worry an increase in information available to The advantage of combining them is about themanpower problem-now it’s detailers so they can do an even better this: We have a single group of detailers all doneas a part of theoriginal job in matching the right person with in charge of an entire unit or ship. If a planning. the rightbillet. A detailer can work hardcommand has a lieutenant and a master and have an excellent attitude, but,if he chief in the same departmentscheduled 0. Are there any location changes on doesn’t have enough information avail- forrotation at thesame time, for the horizon for outlying commands able identifying billets, those qualified instance, we canimmediately see it. such as those in New Orleans, for to fill them and thedesires of those qual- Then, unlike before, we can arrange for instance? ified, then he can’t do anoptimum job. atransition period and ensure every- A. Not to my knowledge. The real We are improving the availability of thing is kept in balance. Previously, that change we’re undergoing is not so much information now. We are installing would have been very difficult. physical as organizational. We have automaticdata processing (ADP) separated policy makingfrom policy equipmentcapable of storingall the 0. Then the detailers are coming back execution. 1 don’t foresee anymajor needed information. to the Annex? physicalchanges outside of A. Yes, their moving out temporarily Washington. Q: Obviously,more information will had absolutely nothing to do with the improve detailing. Are there any other BuPers reorganization. They moved so Q. AreOP-01 and NMPC co-equal benefits? we could renovate their spaces. organizations? A. I feel one significant thing we can A. No. OP-01 is part of theOpNav do to improve retention in the Navy is Q. When do you expectthe new organ- staff, an echelon one command.NMPC improve the detailing system,to make it ization will have all of its divisions in is an echelon two command and those more responsive to the individual. Just one place? commands responsible to NMPC are as surely as I am interested in improving A. We expect to have everyone who is echelon three commands. service to enlisted personnel, I feel part of OP-01 and NMPC in this build- strongly about helping the juniorofficer ing by February 1980. By then, theADP Q. Then it is not correct to say that community. We have a shortage in the support system will have been installed NMPC has replaced BuPers? grades of lieutenant and lieutenant and ournew word processing center will A. Absolutely not.BuPers was split commander. I think we have to adjust to be in operation. Basically, we have ap- into a policy-making command and a the fact that a few years ago we had plied modern science to this whole reno- policy-executingcommand. NMPC replacements foralmost anyone who vating business. We have systems performs allof the old BuPers executive separatedfrom the Navy. That is no furniture-it’s less expensive, and you functions while OP-01 performsthe longer true. The inexhaustible supply is can get more people comfortably intoa other functions. gone. As Admiral Hayward has stated, given space. We’ve appliedthe latest the retention of people now in the Navy technology to office management so our Q. Is the mainreason for the name is the most important goal we have fac- people will have the best possible physi- change to showseparation offunctions? ing us. One way we will retain themis by cal arrangements in which to conduct A. That’s correct. There was no way to providing the best possible detailing. business. split BuPerswithout changing the name. As far as people in the field are Q. Specifically, how has combining Q. Willthe “bureau” emplovmore concerned, everything is basically the officer and enlisted detailing made the people because of the reorganization? same-only thename has changed. process moreefficient, other than elimi- A. No. As a matter of fact, we’ve had They will continue to get all of the servi- nating certain clerical billets? two personnel cuts assessed against us ces and support received from BuPers, A. First,some background. A lot of and we absorbed them.We are reducing and more. people have asked why we moved the with the rest of the Navy, doing more I think the reorganization will enable detailers out of the Annex. This build- with less people. We aredoing some us to doa much better job of managing ing is being renovated. We are already things that weren’t done previously, and defending our manpower require- moving some groups, such as OP-01, however, such as adequate long-range ments, and we will be able to give better into new spaces. We had a choice of planning. service to all Navy people-they are, moving PERS-5 out toGeorgia Avenue The most significant thing we’ve after all, the reason we are here. & (about 20 miles away) and renovate accomplished in the past several years is their spaces in 25 months, or move in the area of planning and program- PERS-4and PERS-5 out there and ming. We are now considering person-

MAY 1979 9 Navy Relief $9,000 Fund Began it All Navy Relief and football don’t Navy Relief. Smaller things-car retired members-those receiving seem to have much in common, but it tune-ups and car washes-for retired or retainer pay after 20 or was football that kicked off Navy instance, will be offered too. more years of active duty or those Relief-way back in 1904. That year, Dances, contests, radiothons and medically retired. the Navy’s $9,000 share of the pro- carnivals will help spark this year’s members of the Fleet Reserve ceeds from the Army and Navy foot- drive which runs from May 4 to and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve. ball game was used to fund the infant June 6. Coast Guard members serving as Navy Relief Society. The Society has grown to more part of the Navy during wartime. Now, as in past years, the call goes than 3,600 volunteers and 200 paid dependents of living or deceased out for funds for the Society. This staff members in the United States, personnel, as listed above. year, Navy and Marine Corps instal- Europe and the Far East. Today, the Because the dispensing of funds lations worldwide, as well as ships at Navy Relief Society has expanded its (1978 figures-latest available-show sea, will sponsor a variety of events to services to include: $7.8 million was disbursed to put Navy Relief over the top. Large personnel of the regular Navy members in the form of loans, grants items such as automobiles and stereo and Marine Corps and services) is the Society’s primary sets will be given away in the name of reservists on extended active duty function, it relies on the donations and volunteer services of Navy and Marine Corps people. Recent annual drives have netted about $2 million. Football may have given the Navy Relief Society its start, but the sim- ilarity ends there. With Navy Relief, everyone is a winner. .&

MAY 1979 BY JOI JERRY ATCHISON seems people take interest in us only 625,000 square feet of cargo, stood by, when things go wrong. ready to cough up their stores for the Life aboard ship gives sailors a “‘Why aren’t we getting any hot waterships alongside for underway chance to take a close-up look at the inthe showers? they ask. Or ‘How replenishment. jobs of their shipmates. Ashore,chances come we don’t have steamin the galley? Cargo elevators, winches and other are slim that a yeoman, for example, is or ‘Whathappened tothe electrical muscle-savinggear-all driven by the going to come in contact with a radio- power in the berthing spaces?”’ energy that directly or indirectly was manor electronics technician on the Commander Robert P.Glover, Con- produced by the ship’sboilers-were job. cords executive officer, echoed Reich’s ready to make the job go quickly and But sea duty means living and work- sentiments. “If you wantan idea of what efficiently. ing side-by-side. It means seeing, on a these people do for the ship, consider The sources of all that energy were day-to-day basis, the contributions the engineering casualtydrill we had busy doing just that. Three600-psi boil- being made by others who don’t belong yesterday. That drill left us dead in the ers were providing enough horsepower to one’s own rate. water, with no electrical power and the to Concord’s main shaft to run more It seems a lot of sailors decide, for one fog closing in. That’s as vulnerable as a than 200 compactcars. Her turbines, reason or another, that the ship’s boiler Navy ship can be. meanwhile, were takingthat super- roomand engineering spaces are off “Those people down in the holds are heated and pressurized steam and gen- limits; a kind of no-man’s land popu- truly operating theheart of the ship.If it eratingenough electrical power to lated by greasy boiler technicians who weren’t for them, the Navy would have service a busy town of 10,000 residents. have something to do with making the to ring up ‘All Stop.’ So their job may That, in part, is why you’d better ship go. sometimes appear to be thankless, but smile when you call a BT or MM a Aboard the combat stores ship USS certainly not from theskipper’s point of “Bilge Rat.” That, too, is why a sailor Concord(AFS 5), the myths surround- view,” he said. won’t appreciate the jobthey do unless ing the work BTs and MMs doand People with any savvy at all about he steps out of the chow line or pushes where they do itare just as strong. most Navy ships appreciatethe fact that back from his desk and goes below Those myths can also be just as wrong. while engineering spaces are theheart of decks. If you go below decks you’ll find the theship, the steam produced by the Concord has one of the most modern jobs done by people like Master Chief boilers is the ship’s blood. Steam drives steam propulsion plants, including an Boiler TechnicianGerald Reich or the ship through the water, powers the Automatic Propulsion System (APS), Boiler Technician Third Class John countless pieces of electrical gear and, available in the fleet today. Some of the Comer are just as important to theship helps just about every shipboard task modern touches are readily apparent. as they are unseen to the rest ofthe crew. that can’t be accomplished by crew Instead of separate “Band “M” div- Here’s howMaster Chief Reich members’ muscles or minds. isions, Concord boiler technicians and explained it: Six or so decks below CDR Glover’s machinist’s mateswork together in a “It is the hardest working-yet most stateroom, theheart of Concord was no unheralded-rate in the Navy. All the different-busy pumping out the power rest of the crew sees is some bilge rat needed to go and do. Five cargo holds Right: Part of the boiler spaces aboard USS coming out of the holds. Sometimes, it (onerefrigerated), holding up to Concord (A FS 7).

12 ALL HANDS

Clockwisefrom right: Gauges are monitored during fuel transfer. Inspecting the turbine. A boiler’sfront is a jumble oftubes, valves and gauges, Concord‘s main control oversees the Propulsion Division.

single, open space designated “P” di- vision (for propulsion). The bulkheads which traditionally separate the two divisions aboard ship are absenthere. A main control console monitors thesingle space. Closed circuit I i television, including a rotatingcamera with a 360 degree sweep, keeps a vigil on aftersteering, the shaft alley andthe boilerfiring aisle. An APS computer automatically runs through 350 check- points every six seconds, reading rpm’s, pressures,temperatures and other variables. But other aspects of the engineering spaces don’t reflect modernization so much as they mirror a group of people who take a great deal of pride in their jobs and where they do them. Steam-producing plants-modern or I Top: Boiler water is tested around the clock in the oil laboratory. Bottom: Lubricating oil I samples are checked,for impurities.

not-can be pretty dirty as a result of the thousandsof gallons of fuel oil, lub- ricants and water constantly circulating throughout the system. All main pro- pulsionspaces have the ever-present danger of miles ofpipes carrying super- heated steamunder extremely high pressure and the distraction of endless vibration and deafeningnoise. Now the noise, vibrationand danger are very much present in Concord’s spaces, but the grease, gritand grime that most accept as a BT’s lotare noticeably absent. The fact that Concord recently com- pleted an overhaul in the yards explains part of the squared-away appearancein the spaces. But if you talk to the people whowork there, you’ll learn there’s much more than a fresh coat of paint involved. Master Chief Reich: “Peoplewho keep themselves andtheir equipment clean are showing they’ve got the per- sonal pride it takes to do a good job down here. “Sure, after a long shift,they’re going to climb out of the hold hot and dirty, but those who get satisfaction in know- ing they’re doing a hard job, and doing it well, aren’t going to jumpin the rack or the chow line when they’re covered with grease.” Left unsaid is the understanding that since BTs and MMsspend a lotof time below decks, they might as well have pleasantworking spaces. Extralong hours atwork, it seem lives. Aboard Concord (a Navy ships) BTs and MMs arein three- section duty while the rest of the ship- at sea or ashore-may be in as much as six sections. At sea, this usually trans- lates into a 14- to 18-hour work day. In port, there’s the matter of lighting off the boilers before the shipgets under way or securing the propulsion plant when theship reaches the pier. That means BTs and MMs are on duty hours before liberty is up for the rest of the crew before getting underway and hours after liberty commences when the ship ties up. According to Reich, these long hours are mandated by the notion that“If the

ALL HANDS work stops, the ship stops.” Long hoursand contains the surgingfuel and steam. rates.And more schools areon the are also causedby the BT and MM rates Rigidly written PQS(Performance drawing boards. being some of the severest of under- Qualifications Standards) are adhered The people aboard Concord are manned rates in the Navy. to for each watch station. PMS (Pre- neitherunique norunusual to their Consider the evolutionof the BT rate ventive Maintenance System) is-as it community Navywide (although Con- since thoselong ago days whenthey must be-an overriding concern for all. cords BTs and MMs might be quick to really were not much more than coal The complexity of the job is multi- disagree). heavers. Today’s BT must be mechani- plied by other responsibilities as well. “They’re the guys who keep the ship cally minded and technically oriented. Take BT3 Comer’s job as assistant Oil moving. It’s as simpleas that,” CDR Modernpropulsion systems-even King, for example. Glover said. .L automated ones-require muchmore Althoughthis job is traditionally than sweat to keep them running. Reich assigned to a more senior petty officer, “Also contributing to this story were explained: Comer handles it well and his seniors, in JOCM Bill Green and the staff of Sur- “All of the components requirepreci- turn, are handling tasksassigned to the .face Warfare magazine. siontype measurements that mustbe still more senior. adjusted to withinas much as one- During any given day, Comer might thousandth of an inch. The system is so be foundsampling fuel forcontami- CareerIncentives closely interlocked-one piece of equip- nants (including the JP-5 used by the mentwith another-that if onepart helicopters as well as theship’s fuel and Presentmanning shortages in the fails, the whole works can fail. lubrication oil), chemically testing and BT/MM career fields have prompted “Automation helps, but keep in mind treating boiler waterbeing converted to the Navy to devise certain incentives as that each component must operateper- steam, checking the ship’s fresh water of this writing, a fewof which are fectly if, once the boilers arelit off, a BT supply, transferring or taking on fuel, explained below: or MM is going to be able to stand back and ballasting the ship’s tanks. SelectiveReenlistment Bonus and watch automation take over. “The thing I like about the jobis that (SRB) allows up to a total combined “Automation is also limited in that there’s something new to learn every bonus of $24,000 for BTs and a slightly once tolerances are exceeded, the sys- day,” he said. “I was amotorcycle lesser amount(about $20,000) for tem starts to react to get things back mechanic in civilian life and I wanted to MMs, which may be awarded for the within normal limits. But the system can do somethingdifferent, still in the first reenlistmentand a second consecu- only react so far,” he said. mechanical field, when I came into the tive reenlistment. To hear Reich describe it, the intri- Navy. That’s exactly what I’m doing.” GuaranteedAssignment Reenlist- cate systems are a lot like a house built On the port wing of the bridge, Con- mentIncentives (GUARD) offers of playing cards. Itdoesn’t take much to cord’s commanding officer, Captain assignment to schools, ship types, home bring the whole thing down.That’s why C.E. Armstrong Jr., turned his atten- port areas, overseas areas, ashore areas, he was quick to describe the traitsdem- tion from the line of ships waiting to and early rotationtoshore duty, onstrated by the best BTs andMMs enter Norfolk harbor andoffered up his accordingto eligibility for sea/ shore working for him. own views of the people below decks. rotation,current NEC requirements “They’ve got to take anactive interest “Those people are some of the most and available billets. down here,” he said. “If someone tells dedicated workersthe Navy has today,” A 6-year-obligation (6YOB) enlist- them to open a valve, theydon’t just he said. “We’ve got a real responsibility ment program has been developed that open a valve and leave it at that. They to retain asmany of the good ones weas includes guaranteedbasic and advanced find out why they’re opening that valve can.We can dothat by creatingan technicaltraining courses with condi- and whatopening that valve means. atmospherein which people will be tional automatic advancement, includ- They know that everything done down proud to work, where they’ll see they’re ing 1200-psi PQS certification in upper- here is done for a reason-an important working hard to make a real contribu- and lower-level watch stations. It also reason. So when they do it, they analyze tion to meet a real goal.” includes a guaranteed class “C” school it to see how itfits intothe overall The future forboiler technicians and upon completion of twoyears of sea scheme of things.” machinist’smates-indeed, forall duty. It has been developed to provide New arrivals to Concord’s engineer- snipes who perform the hot, dirty work better preparedBTs to the fleet who can ing spaces workto get “the big picture” below decks-is looking pretty bright. provide immediate help on the job. fromthe moment they step off the One of the Navy’s largest communities New advanced BT/MM mainte- ladder in thehold. NoviceBTs and of limited duty officers-engineering nance class “C” schoolshave been MMs use schematic diagrams like road specialists-is proof of the opportuni- developed at SanDiego and Norfolk for maps to tracesteam and fuel flow. ties for a commission. Training forBTs thosepetty officers returning to sea Alongthe way theylocate valves, andMMs hasexpanded to meet the duty. switches and all other gear that controls burgeoningresponsibilities of these

MAY 1979 17 Bearinss

during World War 11. More recently, most of her crew, when it comes to per- Preserver Hits 35 sheearned the FY 1978 Battle Effi- formance, Preserver’s age doesn’t show. ciency “Efor Service Squadron Eight. The week after her anniversary, Pre- USS Preserver (ARS 8) isn’t getting During her career, Preserver has par- server received an emergency underway older, she’s gettingbetter. The Little ticipated insalvage and rescue opera- orderto tow the USNS American Creek-based salvage ship recently cele- tions such as the 1968recovery of SS Explorer from the coastof North Caro- brated her 35th year in the fleet. Ocean Eagle (see below) when the sal- lina, where the tanker was dead in the Commissioned in January 1944, Pre- vage ship pumped overone-million gal- water, to port in Norfolk. server’s service spans - nearly four lons of fuel oil from the tanker. The shipThe 213-foot-long shipprovides a decades. She earnedtwo meritorious also helped clear the Suez Canalin the stable platform for salvage, diving and unitcommendations and three battle wake of the 1970 Middle East crisis. recovery work.Her designed strength stars for combat action in the Pacific Even though the ship is older than and stability make her one of the small- est ships to regularly make unescorted ocean crossings. She also has the ability to perform salvage and rescue missions in the heavy weather which other ships avoid.

Paddling Around

Oceans can be a very hostile environ- ment forthe person dumped in the waterwithout protection. Since por- poises are right at home in the ocean, a NavalOcean System Center biologist decided to “ask”them howthey felt about their wet world. EarlMurchison of NOSC‘s Hawaii Laboratory is traininga female por- poise to makeand report judgments about objects she investigates with her natural echolocation or sonar system. Murchison’s project-a scientific ver- sion of theparlor game “Twenty Questions”-offers hope of providing valuable insight into a porpoise’s per- ception of its world, a perception that must be quite unlike ours. He has taught the animal to respond to a specific question with one or two answers. But the question is not spoken by the experimenter, and the porpoise does not reply in words. In one experiment, the porpoise was trained to push one oftwo paddles when she detected, by her sonar, anobject (in thiscase a steel ball) that hadbeen

18 ALL HANDS silently lowered into the water, and to hundreds of miles apart on the open sea. press the other paddle when it was not Ricketts was the first to arrive at present. Pushing one or the other pad- Mayport with four fishermen who had dle washer response to a tone signal been adrift in the Atlantic for four days that meant, in effect, “Report!” because of battery trouble, battling 35- The porpoise was thentrained to foot seas and 75-mph winds. Their boat reportwhether another target was a had drifted more than 600 miles north cylinder or not a cylinder, again using to aboutI20 miles southeast of Charles- two paddles, one foryes, another forno. ton, S.C., before they were rescued. By combiningthe porpoise’s Laterthat afternoon, USS Manlev responses, Murchisoncould ask the returned with afather and son team porpoise two questions abouther sonar who had spent two days adrift in the perception of an object: Is it there? Is it ocean after 45-mph windshad ripped cylindrical? Additionaltraining can their sailsto ribbons. Themen weretak- enable the animal to respond to other ing the catamaran “DoublePleasure” to questions about the object. BatonRouge, La., whenthey were Contrary to popular belief, Murchi- forced to detour off St. Augustine and son said, thereis not sufficient evidence remain at sea. Manley was conducting tosupport the contention that por- local operations when they rescued the poises possess exceptional intelligence pairsome 80 miles off the coast of or have languagea comparable to Jacksonville. human language. However,by using the The survivors praised the Navy crews “TwentyQuestions” technique (called for rescuing them. Mutt Ward, captain “binaryresponse” behavior by scien- of the fishing boat, said, “One of the tists) it is possible to have two-way com- happiest moments in my life was when1 munication between ahuman and a saw the light of Rirketrs.” Above: Manley pulls alongside the sailboat to porpoise. “Gene Ron~unoJr. rescue a,father-sonteam. Flipper of TV fame might add, “1 told you so.” Atlantic Rescues

Two Navy ships, the Norfolk-based guided missile destroyer Claude V. Ricketts (DDG 5) and Mayport home. porteddestroyer USS A4anle.v (DD 940), recently rescued six men from the stormyAtlantic and returned them safely to Mayport, Fla. The two incidents, one involving the 37-foot fishing boat “Audrey Ann” out of Port Canaveral and the other, 30- the foot catamaran sailboat “Double Plea- sure’’ out of Jacksonville,occurred

Right: Ricketts rescues,jour,/ishermen,frorn the Audrey Ann.

MAY 1979 19 Since 1960 the Navy’s eight construc- tems CommandHeadquarters, on tion battalions have competed annually behalf of Secretary Claytor. for the award by showing best overall performance in constructionquality, Filipino Family Night safety and training. Thebattalion built new roadsand TemptingFilipino food and enter- extendedaircraft runways on Diego taining Filipino folk dances highlighted Garcia. NMCB 74 also undertook pro- a“Special Family Night” recently at jects involving a petroleum, oil and lu- Naval Air Station Memphis, Milling- bricantpumphouse, an enlistedclub, ton,Tenn. ChiefMess Management watertreatment plants and barracks Specialist A1 Pallera and Mess Manage- facilities. ment SpecialistFirst Class Romy RearAdmiral D.G. Iselin, Com- Moreno supervised the preparation of mander of the Naval Facilities Engi- such dishes as lumpia, spare ribs adobo, neeringCommand, presented the pansit, pepper steak,fried rice and leche Peltier Award to Commander Donald flan. Folk dances Pandanggo Sa Ilaw, McCorvey (CO) and the other Seabees Estudiantinaand Tinikling were per- of NMCB 74 at ceremonies at Gulfport. formed with precision under the direc- The award honorsretired Rear Admiral tion of Suzette Flores. 11 Years’ Experience Eugene J. Peltier, CEC. T AviationMaintenance Administra- tionman Second Class Joseph Raubar presentstwo model ships to French EOD Facility Cited AmbassadorFrancois de Laboulaye (center) and the French Naval Attache Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Rear Admiral Pierre Menettrier (right) Facility,Indian Head, Md., recently in a ceremony at the French Embassy received a NavyUnit Commendation recently in Washington. for developing a system to locate ord- The models-Jean Bart,a heavy nance underwater. cruiser, and L’Indiscret, a sailing shipof Indian Head’s “platform positioning the Chehec. class-were made by Rau- system” allows a helicopterto fly precise bar who has been making model ships patterns while towing mine counter- for over I I years. measures equipment. TheNaval Explo- Raubar is assigned to the Naval Air sive Ordnance DisposalFacility was ‘Play it This Way’ Facility at Andrews Air ForceBase near tasked with creatinga workablemethod the nation’s capital. for towing after fleet units discovered FireControl Technician Second their inability to track this equipment. Class Alfred E. Mouledous, a part-time Since its development, the systemhas musician with the Seventh Fleet Show ‘74’ Wins Peltier beenused to locate several downed Band “Far East Edition,” demonstrates aircraft. proper violin technique to two children The 1978 winner of the prestigious The facility was cited by Secretary of in a hospital at Sydney, Australia. The Peltier Awardis Naval MobileCon- the NavyW. GrahamClaytor Jr. for band was in Sydney recently as part of a struction Battalion 74 (NMCB 74) from exceptional service in technical support month-long holiday festival. They put Gulfport, Miss. of the fleet, other components of the on a showfor thehospital’s patients and Sponsored by the Society of Ameri- Department of Defense, and otherexec- staff and laterentertained bedridden can Military Engineers, the award rec- utive agencies. The unit commendation children in their wards. Mouledous is a ognizesNMCB 74 theasmost was awarded byVice AdmiralC.R. crewmember of the Seventh fleet flag- outstanding Seabee outfit in the Navy. Bryan, Commander, Naval Sea Sys- ship USS Oklahoma Ciry (CG 5). - 20 ALL HANDS CREO- Career Reenlistment Objectives

BY JO1 DAN WHEELER about an apparentlack of advancement -age of career strengthrelative to career potential because of crowding atthe requirements. Morale down a little because you’ve top. Group B-Rating’s careerman- been gettingPassed, Not Advanced CREO solved the problem. An effi- ning is between 80 and 89 percent; notices instead ofnew chevrons? Feel cient personnel management toolthat is shortage of career strength relative to like you’re going nowhere slow in your working, CREO saves the Navy money career requirements. overmanned rating? Looking for a new by effecting the movement of people Group D-Rating’s career man- challenge, greater advancement poten- from overmanned. ratings into under- ning is between 101 and 105 percent. tial and new spark in your career? mannedratings, and by controlling First-term reenlistments need not be Take heart! reenlistment in extremely overmanned directly controlled, but, to reduce over- Based on fleet recommendations, ratings. manning,other actions may be Naval MilitaryPersonnel Command Under CREO, each rating is broken employed,such asconversion may now have the antidote-a SCORE down by paygrade and assigned a code programs. (Selective Conversionand Reenlist- according to current manning levels: Group E-Rating’s career man- ment) change to a lesser manned rating Group A-Rating’s career man- ning is in excess of 105 percent; ratings than your own. Details are in BuPers- ning is less than 80 percent; extreme are under direct control of the Chief of Inst 1133.25D, Change 1/2 of Dec. 26, shortage of career strength relative to Naval Personnel (CNP) and his appro- 1978. Basically, this is the deal career requirements. val is required for allfirst-term reenlist- Sailors in CareerReenlistment Group B-Rating’s career man- ments or extensionstoinitial Objectives (CREO) groupsB, C, D, and ning is between 80 and 89 percent; short enlistments, including extensionson E may now apply for conversionto any active duty for Naval Resrvists. Subse- rating less manned than theirown under quent reenlistments muy require CNP provisions of theSCORE and Re- approval. Additionally, CNP approval SCORE (for vets reentering the Navy) may be required forcontinuation on programs. Previously, only people in active duty beyond 21 years. CREO groups D and Ewould routinely The following charts show the latest, be allowed to change ratings. Those in overall CREO groupsand codes for CREOgroup C were “notnormally each ratingby paygrade. Codes A, B, C, approvedfor rating conversion,”but D, and E, listed in the columns under were considered on a case-by-case basis. eachpaygrade, regardless of rating, Those in CREO groups A and B had indicate the manning at that level and virtually no chance of getting approval correspond directly toCREO group for a rating conversion. classifications which use thesame The CREO programwas established letters. to combat excessive manning in some In the petty officer paygrades of each Navy ratings andto increase manningin rating, advancement rules apply equally undermannedratings. After the Viet- regardless of sex. However, at the entry nam War, Navy manpower decreased as level, some ratings which are open to the fleet shrank from about800 ships to males are closed to females and vice- its current size, but the number of rat- versa, thus a separate chart forfemales ings and manning in those ratings did at the entry level (E-1-3). notshrink proportionally. Thus, the Ratings with an “0”in the E-1-3 Navy was faced with overmanning in column are “open” at the entry level; some jobs while others were “dying on ratings with a “CL” in the E-1-3 column the vine” for lack of personnel input. are “closed” at the entry level; and rat- People in undermannedratings, ings with a “C” in the E-1-3 column are thoughadvancements came quickly, “controlled” at the entry level by CNP. complained of being overworked; peo- Dashes under a, paygrade indicate the ple in overmanned ratings complained Tired of aettina PNA’d? rating doesn’t exist at the level shown.

MAY 1979 21 AME AMH AM A0 AS AS AT AV AX AZ BM CE CM CT( CTI OK DM DT EO EO ETF ETI FTC GM HM IS JO LI LN ML MN MS OT PC PH PM PN PR RM SH SK ST ST! SW TO TM UT YN

SecNav/CNO

I postureI Statements

“I believe,” he said, “itis because the Soviets correctlyper- Secretary Calls Naval ceive that anyfaltering in our resolution to maintain maritime superiority could make theseas the Achilles heel of the United Capability‘Very Expensive” States and the Free World. To that extent,then, they have the capability to carry out effective sea denial, they have an option for economic blackmail or strangulation...the United In his recent Posture Statement before the SenateArmed States must maintain a clear marginof maritime superiority Services Committee, Secretaryof the Navy W. Graham Clay- over the Soviet Union.” tor Jr. said his conviction is firmer than ever that the “mari- The Secretary said that “our potential adversarieswill not time superiority whichwe have enjoyed upto now will remain weaken in either capability or resolve.” essential to thesecurity and well-being of this country for as Still, he added, there are distinct advantages on theside of far into the future as we can see.” the US. Navy: He said the United States is “absolutely dependent” on the 0 US. sailors are among the finest in the world, clearly import of over 30 strategic materials essentialto its economy. superior to their Soviet counterparts. As such, he added, use of the world‘s seas is not just conven- 0 The Navy’s higher stateof readiness-the ability to fight ient, it is vital. our ships and aircraft to their full design potential. 0 Superior technology in ships, submarines, planes, wea- 111 pons and sensors. 0 The greater maritime strengthof U.S. allies than thatof the Soviets’ Warsaw Pact. 0 Sea-based air power provided by aircraft carriers. 0 A geographic advantage in that transits between home ports and major ocean areas are considerablyless restrictive and vulnerable than those of Soviet fleets. Secretary Claytor commented that the combined budgetof the Navyand Marine Corpsis the largestof the three Military Departments. Still, he said,’ naval capability inherently is a very expensive thing. “There are many countries, in theeastern and western blocs, and in the so-called third world, whichhave good sized armies, and quite a few have significant air forces well.as Few indeed, however, have substantial‘blue water’ navies capable of roles other than homedefense and coastal operations,”he said. “This has not,however, been the casewith the Soviets.It is their clear intent to increase their abilityto influence distant events, and they continueto afford, at no smallsacrifice, the increasing naval capability to implement that intent. “The ‘blue water’ character of their force, andtheir demon- strated ability to sustain extended deployments, are also on ,the increase.” Stating that the Navy’s budget-though zero-based-is “very lean,” the Secretary added that “Cost of Ownership’’ (manning, operating, maintaining, repairing, and basing the present force, while supporting an adequate level of readi- ness) accounts for a little more than half the Navy’s total funds. Less than half is left for modernization or upgrading the force with newer and better ships, aircraft and weapons systems. “We simply have not been able tobuy enough ships and air-

25 craft to replace those being lost from thefleet through retire- ment and, in the case of aircraft, attrition,” he said. While subscribing, in part, to the current argumentfavor- ing design of lesscostly and-as necessary-less capable ships and aircraft to arrest further force level erosion, Secretary Claytorstated that sub-chasers and destroyer escorts of World War I1 design would offer little challenge to a modern nuclear submarine. “The threat must be qualitatively met, and that threat is becoming more sophisticated and capable all the time,” he said. Since becoming Secretary of the Navy two years ago, Secretary Claytor saidhis greatest reward has been his “asso- ciation with the Sailors and Marines,enlisted and officer, and the civilian personnel who make up the Department of the Navy. At the headquarters and field activities, in the fleet, and, yes, at the SouthPole, they are first rate andI feel privi- leged to serve with them. “I wish everyone in this nation could see them as I have, and, so, fully share my pride and enthusiasm.” Citing first-termattrition asstill being too high, he said that inadequate career retention poses a serious threat to fleet readiness unless shortages of experienced petty officers can be eased. “Returning to the draftis not theanswer,” he said. “We are getting adequate numbers of high quality, personnel-but these numbers are adequate only if we can reduce attrition and increase retention to acceptable levels.” In orderto make life in the SeaServices more attractive, the Secretarystated thatthe followinginitiatives are being pursued: 0 Elimination of excessive workweek for non-deployed units. 0 Adequate quarters ashore, or anequivalent cash allow- ance for unmarried personnel on sea duty. 0 Increased career sea pay, and extension of this special Admiral Hayward Optimistic pay to the officer corps. 0 Restructuring of special pays and more flexible system of About t he’Stateof Navy bonuses for critically needed skills. Protection of special pays and allowances from erosion “Recent experience as a fleet commander in chief, rein- by inflation or wage growth. forced bymy initial impressions as CNO, leads me to be Overseas cost of living allowances forunmarried optimistic about the stateof the Navy today and the outlook personnel. for thenear future. Regrettably, the longer-term trendsdo not Funded emergency leave travel overseas. allow me to be nearly so sanguine about the stateof the Navy 0 Travel entitlements, independent of grade and duty sta- that will face my successor.” tion, for all personnel. So said Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Thomas B. Greater efforts to meet the needs of service families. Hayward in his recent testimony before Congress on the FY Reestablishment of previous veterans benefits. 1980 Budget and the Navy’s Military Posture. The admiral Better health care. outlined the current health of the Navy and issued, as well, Secretary Claytor stressed graduate education by stating cautious notes concerning long-term trends. that it “is a prudent businesslike investment in the long-term “All indications are that theSoviets canbe expected to con- operational,technical and managerial competence of the tinue the military programs which have steadily shifted the naval service... I believe that theNavy’s program of an annual US-Soviet balance over the last decade,” he said. input of 600 officer students represents verya modest baseline “My principal concern lies with ensuring that our existing from which to develop leadershipof sufficient competence to margin of superiority does not evaporateby the mid-eighties, manage and operate the Navy of today and tomorrow.” when the momentum of ,existing .procurement programs will

26 ALL ‘HANDS .have spent itself,” he said. “Our forces are already at anirre- Navy is to avoid falling behind its 1978 input next year. ducible level when measuredagainst the demands which “Additionally,” he said, “we will increase our recruitment would be placed on them in war. of women into the Navy.” “Any further significant decline in combatant capability Citingimproved retention asthe long-term key to the would eat up our existing margin.” “numbers problem,” Admiral Hayward said that there was a Calling Soviet shipbuilding “impressive,” Admiral Hay- need to get more stability, maturity and numbersin the career ward cited the recent completion and upcoming deployment force. He said that this was absolutely essential if the Navy of a second Kiev-class carrier and the ongoing constructionof was going to adequately crew the new ships planned to be a third of the class. He noted, too, the appearanceof a new, introduced in the next four or five years. heavily armed and highly capable amphibious assault ship, Speaking of factors thataffect retention, he said, “Ourpeo- theIvan Rogo;, andthe construction of a new class of ple must feel that the quality of their life in the Navy is good cruiser-probably nuclear-powered-estimated at 25,000 and improving; andthat they are being properly remunerated tons. in both pay and benefits for their efforts and sacrifices. And, the admiral stated, the Soviets have their eye on “The sea pay reapportionment enactedby the last Congress worldwide deployment of their fleet. is a positive step toward providing tangible compensation for “Soviet capabilities to sustain their forcesin distant opera- these arduous conditions of service which our people must tions have been markedly improved by development of the endure.” Berezina-class of underway replenishment ship,” he said. As he has stated in the past, Admiral Hayward reiterated On the otherside of the ledger, Admiral Hayward saidthat that there “is a clear correlation ...between retention and the the U.S. Navy in very recent years has “made great progressin quality of leadership at the individuallevel ... I have directed a reversing declining trends of fleet readiness and laying the majorexpansion of our leadershipand management foundation for improvement in the years ahead.” training ....” The admiral said thathis “optimism about the current state Addressing combatant capabilities, the admiral stated that of the Navy stems not only from steadily improving hardware“...the United States Navy is in good shape today andis get- and combatreadiness, but from its peoplewhose esprit, com- ting better. petence and potential continue to impress all who have an “It has the flexible, balanced, global capability requiredto opportunity toobserve them in action, manning and support- meet current commitments, though its force levels are not ing the fleet worldwide.” adequate to meet thosecommitments without significant He said, however, that there area numberof problemsfac- stress on fleet personnel induced by lengthy deployments and ing the Navy today which-despite his optimism about the heavy work schedules to maintain required readiness stand- current stateof the Navy-need to be addressed and resolved. ards between deployments.” Among these are: Concerning hardware,he said, “Ournew ships... are signifi- Determining the most appropriate allocationof money, cantly more capable than the older ships they are replacing. material and manpower. Along with continued technological improvements, trendsin Striking an appropriate balance between numbers of combat readiness of Navy ships and aircraft are cause for ships and the level capability of each ship. optimismbut the need to sustainthe momentum and to Balancing aseemingly inexhaustible list of commitments increase our efforts to improve upon those trends must be against a finite number of assets. clearly recognized ....” Striking a balancebetween resources invested to provide Emphasizingthe element of people, AdmiralHayward a Navy capable of carrying out its mission in the future. said, “Our officers and enlisted men and women are better And, above all, aneed to balance increasing sophistica- trained today thanthey have ever been, and I am proud of the tion and complexity of naval weapons and sensor systems fact that they have done aswell as they have under conditions against the future supplyof qualified manpower availablefor which are exceptionally demanding.” recruitment into the Navy. His statementto Congress included,as well, his belief inthe “I am concerned about ourability to recruit and retainade- importance of the Naval Reserve. quate numbers of qualified men and women to operate the “Revitalizing the Naval Reserve is one of the principal ships and aircraftwhich will be with us in the 1980s,” he said. objectives I have set for myself during the initial portionof my “We have elected to maintain what we think are reasonable tenure as CNO. This atteststo theimportance I ascribeto that quality standards rather then lower the standards to meet organization;but lest there be anydoubt, let me make numerical goals.” unequivocally clear that I believe the Naval Reserve is an Two factorswhich the Navy faces in recruitment, the admi- essential part of the Navy’s wartime capability. ral said, are the declining population base from which the “I have made a personal commitmentto support theNaval Navy recruits and the increased competitionfor qualityman- Reserve aggressively as a vital element in today’s total Navy power in the national economy. capability. This effort... is consistent with the basic fact that Because of these problems,CNO stated, additionalperson- the Naval Reserve is an essential part of the Navy’s fighting nel must be assigned to theNavy Recruiting Command if the posture.” J MAY 1979 27 I The Battle of the CoraI Sea

The 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea marked the first time in naval history that opposingfleets fought out of sight of each other-airpower hadarrivedon the scene to take the place of the big guns of surface ships. Coral Sea also marked the beginning of the turning point for America in her war against Japan; the Battle of Midway, a month later, would tilt the scales of fate in America’s favor. Unconsciously, per- haps, the Navy is reminded each year of these two historic battles. The annual Navy Relief Fund Drive is held between the date of the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway. This obser- vance, then, not only recalls American naval power at its very best but pro- vides, as well, a yearly reminder of the heroism, fortitude and devotion to duty of Navy people who have gone before. -Editor.

BY J03 STEVE BELLOW

Just five months after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Japa- nese forces occupied Guam and Wake islands, makingTokyo the sole landlord of the Central Pacific, west of Midway. Imperial Japanese forces had invaded Indochina, conquered the Dutch Indies and British Malaya, and except for the faltering Allied stronghold on Corregi- dor, the Philippines, too, had become Japanese prbperty.

Mortally wounded by Japanese Zeros, USS Lexington goes to her grave in the Coral Sea.

28 ALL HANDS ~ Nearly 3,000 miles of ocean-along ral Takeo Takagi, Japanese aircraft car-contact with eachother. The damage with millions of square milesof real riers Zuikaku and Shokaku were to inflicted uponthe opposing navies estate-had fallen underthe domina- block any interference by Allied forces. would come solely from the attacks by tion of Japanese forces. Japan’s atten- The enemy fleet consisted also of the carrier aircraft. tion now turnedto Australia. If her plan light carrier Shoho, six heavy cruisers, Southeast of the Japanese strategic to isolatethis island continent suc- threelight cruisers, 15 destroyers, base at Rabaul lay the Australian base ceeded, she would rule the entire West- numerous auxiliaries, and a convoy of of Tulagi in the Solomons archipelago. ern Pacific. 14 transportscarrying army landing On May 3, advance Japanese landing Port Moresbyin southeastern New troops and a construction unit. forces took Tulagi with no opposition. Guinea was now the target of the Japa- Allied intelligence reportshad just The next day, planes from the newly- nesehigh command.Capturing Port brought the Japanese plan into focus. arrived Yorktown attackedthe new Moresbywould deny tothe Allies a U.S. Task Force 17, built around carri- Japanese base butcaused only minor potentialbase within air range of ers Yorktown and Lexington and under damage.The attack on Tulagi, how- Japanese-occupied Rabaul on New Bri- the command of Rear Admiral Frank ever, warned ADM Takagi that atleast tainIsland. Seizing Port Moresby Jack Fletcher, racedto the Coral Sea to one U.S. Navy carrier stood in the way would also give Tokyo’s war lords the spoil theanticipated assault on Port of his objective. outpost they needed to launchtheir Moresby.Fletcher did not have even For thenext two days, admirals planned invasionof NewCaledonia and half the force that Takagi commanded, Fletcher and Takagiwarily searched for the Fiji Islands, now only weeks away, but his orders were clear: “...check the each other with reconnaissance air according to the master plan outlined advance of the enemy.” patrols. At one point the two opposing by Tokyo strategists. The first major naval battlein history fleets were as close as 70 miles, but this Aimed at Port Moresby, a Japanese in which enemy ships did not exchange was at nightwhen airsearch patrols navy task force spearheaded the assault ashot was aboutto unfold.Surface were not being flown. intothe tropical waters of theCoral ships of both American and Japanese The Coral Searemained undisturbed Sea. Under the commandof ViceAdmi- fleets-miles apart-would never be in on May 6, 1942. The Japanese, how-

MAY 1979 29 ever, took control of the Allied bastion for days before a rescue patrol found turn back. Tukahashi ordered his air- on Corregidor on that date.News of the her 109 survivors and 14 men from Sims men to jettison their bombs and torpe- loss of Corregidor plunged the Allied who had escaped their sinking ship by does to make the return flight easier. It world into profound gloom. The out- clinging to rafts, debris or whatever else was growing darkand the Japanese I come of the Pacific war was never more they could find afloat. pilots soon found themselves lost. in doubt. While theJapanese bombed Sims While searching for their own carri- In the Coral Sea the next morning, and Neosho, Americancarrier planes ers, theJapanese patrol came within Japanese search planes from Shokaku converged on the light carrier Shoho. range of Lexington’s radar. TheAmeri- and Zuikuku spotted Fletcher’s oiler Most of her fighters were away from the cancarrier vectored one of her own Neosho and her escort,the destroyer carrier, leaving the Japanese carriervir- groups in the direction of the Japanese. Sims. tually defenseless. Shoho violently zig- In the ensuing melee, American pilots Mistaken about their discovery, the zagged to throw off the Americans’ aim. shot down eight torpedo bombers and excited Japanese pilots reported finding Even so, at least 13 bombs and 7 torpe- one dive bomber. Most of the Japanese one enemy “carrier” and one “cruiser.” does capsized theJapanese carrier pilots escaped the encounter but they Eager to attack an enemy carrier, Rear within minutes. The entire after portion were still lost. When they did find their Admiral Tadaichi Hara, Takagi’s car- of the flight deck was ablaze and pour- own carriers, it was in the midst of a rier division commander,ordered an ing forth heavy black smoke when Lex- near-blinding torrent of rain that forced immediate attack on Neosho and Sims. ington pilotLieutenant Commander many more planes into the sea during Withanti-aircraft fire anderratic Robert E. Dixon radioed: “Scratch one recovery operations. maneuvering, thetwo shipsthwarted flattop!” Although Tukahashi had lost most of the first attack, forcing the Japanese to Outragedover the loss of Shoho, his patrol, he had located Yorktown break off theengagement to regroup Admiral Takagi resolved to annihilate and Lexington with certainty;May 8 and rearm. Whenthe Japanese bombers the Americanfleet at dawn the next day. would bring the battle that both sides returned,they again metevasive Heordered Lieutenant Commander eagerly awaited. maneuvering by Sims and Neosho and KakuichiTukahashi to locatethe Both U.S. andJapanese patrols more anti-aircraft fire. But this timethe enemy fleet wirh certainty. LCDR prowled the skies early that morning. A two ships could not escape their fate. Tukahashi, a veteran of Pearl Harbor Japanese pilot found and shadowed the Sims took three direct hits from 500- who had led the attack on Neosho and American task force, reporting its posi- poundbombs, two exploding in her Sims earlier that day, took off about tion and movements by radio to Sho- engineroom. The destroyerquickly 4:30 p.m. with 12 dive bombers and 15 kaku. Similarly, an Americanscout sank, taking with her most of her’crew. torpedo bombers,all piloted by his found the Japanese carriers. Neosho, too, suffered great loss of most experienced airmen. Some of Once more, Tukahashi led the Japa- life. The ship took seven directhits them were veterans of the warin China. nese attack. Rear Admiral Aubrey W. before the Japanese bombers finished The hours passed slowly for Tukaha- Fitch, Fletcher’s carrier division com- unloading their horror. Somehow,Neo- shi and his relentless search patrol. Low mander, also took anoffensive, launch- sho remained afloat but she had lost all visibility from rain squalls and blanket- power. A lifeless hulk, the ship drifted ing clouds finally forced the hunters to The destruction of a Japanese aircraft carrier. ing planes fromboth Yorktown and hundreds of exploding shells. The sea forhours to save theirship, beating Lexington. below foamed as ships churned at flank down fires and dumping ammoover the Thetwo carrier forces were evenly speed to dodge bombs, torpedoes and side before it could explode. Tempera- matched.Each had twofast carriers. plunging aircraft; exploding bombs andtures in the engineering spaces reached The Japanese, with 122 planes availa- screamingaircraft created deafening 160 degrees. Warheads on the hangar ble, had only one plane more than the turmoil. deck threatened to blow the ship apart Americans. Where Yorktown and Lex- In themiddle ofthis holocaust, York- when their metal casings began to sizzle ington were stronger in bombers, Zui- town, miraculously, took only a single from 140-degree heat flashes. Ship com- kaku and Shokaku had morefighter bomb hit. The 800-pound bomb, how- munications lines deterioratedrapidly and torpedoplanes. The Americans had ever, spread its share of destruction as successive explosions occured. Steam radar, but this advantage was offset by when it smashed through the carrier’s gushed from safety valves, leaving the the Japanese advantageof having more flight deck and chewed its way to the carrier powerless; Lexington was finally experienced combat pilots and the then fourth deck below, starting fires which reduced to a huge mass of hot, twisted almost unbeatable Zero fighter aircraft. killed or injured 66 men. steel. Oneother difference prevailed. The AttackingJapanese aircraft con- Captain Shermanordered his crew to Americanships steamed under bright verged on Lexington, too. One bomb abandon ship; he followed them over tropicalsunlight, while theJapanese ignited an ammunition locker forward the side where nearby cruisers and de- carriers-235 miles away-maneuvered and another pounded its way down the stroyers took them aboard. Later, an in an areaof unrelenting rain anddark- stackstructure. Several near misses escorting destroyer fired torpedoes into ened clouds. jarred Lexington, throwing the ship to the dying ship’s hull. Penetrating a dense, misty haze, 41 one side. Damage control parties, chok- Withthe Lexington gone,Admiral Yorktown pilots sighted Shokaku and ing from thick smoke and intense heat, Fletcher’s forces departedthe Coral droppedtheir destructive payloads. smothered three fires and held a fourth Sea. Yorktown returned to Hawaii for One bomb shook the Japanese carrier undercontrol. In less thanan hour, emergency repairs. The other ships of aft, another exploded well forward on counter-floodingput Lexington back TaskForce 17 went on to other thestarboard bow, igniting gasoline on an even keel. Captain Frederick C.. assignments. tanksand converting the flight deck Shermanordered 25 knots,getting American forces would again return into a sea of flames. From Lexington, ready to help Yorktown receive aircraft to the Coral Sea, but the enemy would more planes arrived to continuethe returning from the attack against Sho- not; Admiral Fletcher’s mission to turn attack on Shokaku. kaku and Zuikaku. back the invasion had succeeded. The Thoughseriously impaired and The attackagainst the Americanfleet Japanese fleet enjoyed a tactical victory unable to launch planes, the Japanese was over in 20 minutes. Duringtheir in terms of tonnage sunk,but suffered a carrier stayed afloat. Hercrew had lost high speed maneuvering to evade strategic defeat. 108 men killed and 40 wounded. Admi- attack, Yorktown and Lexington Japan’sintention to occupy Port ralTakagi on Zuikaku released Sho- became separated, forcing the defend- Moresby was never to materialize, and kaku with orders to returnhome for ing escorts (cruisers and destroyers) to her plan to isolate Australia had to be repairs. Meanwhile, Zuikaku suffered divideand thereby leave eachcarrier shelved. only minor damage and stayed hidden more vulnerable. Though heavily dam- Damage suffered by Shokaku and from her attackers in atropical rain aged, both American carriers remained plane losses by Zuikaku would make storm. operational.But Admiral Takagi, the two Japanese carriers unavailable When they could do no more,the believing one large andone medium forany combat for several months. US. Navy pilots started for home. At American carrier sunk and one battle- Although no one couldyet know it,that least 20 Zeros were in their pathto make ship or cruiser left burning, headed his meant that both would miss the coming the long flight back very difficult. One carrier task force toward home. Battle of Midway. And,although it by one,American planes fell, out- Just when it looked like the Ameri- wasn’t too clear at the time, the lessons gunned by the faster and more maneuv- cans had everything under control,Lex- learned in the Coral Sea contributed to erable Zeros. Others avoided the Zeros ington suddenlytrembled from a America’s victory at Midway and her only to run out of fuel before reaching tremendous explosion. Gasoline vapors final victory in the Pacific. .$ their own carriers. deep below decks had triggered fires Twohundred miles away, another which then breached ammo magazines Japaneseattack, group launched an and fuel lines. The ship shuddered as assault against the two American carri- explosion followed explosion-blasts ers. Bothflattops and their escorts tore watertight doors off their hinges as threw up a barrage of anti-aircraft fire. thoughthey were made out of The sky was crowded with diving, pasteboard. dodging aircraft andblack smoke from Repairteams struggled desperately

MAY 1979 31 Flying Rifles

They Run on Pride Studentsattending schools longer can be advancedto “white pot,” the STORY BY JO1 AL BRAY than 12 weeks submit a request chit to parade team’sreserve members. Final PHOTOS BY join the team and to move into the Fly- promotion for most members is from PH1 MICHAEL P. WOOD ing Rifles’ berthing area. “white pot” to “blue pot.” Considered Onceaccepted, however, both male team experts, blue pots are the regular Sunlighthighlights the chrome- and female membersfind it hard to members of the nine- or twelve-man plated rifles and bayonets as they spin remain on the team. New members are paradeteam. They have refined their throughthe air. White-gloved hands expected to learn the team’s manual of maneuvers into precise, sharpand move in unison to catch the rifles. The arms, make active contributions oftime snappy movements. combined slap of hands onrifles echoes and effort to team projects, keep quar- Working merits required for promo- as nine people make individual move- ters and personal appearance in line tion within the team are awarded on an ments appear as one.They are members with the team’shigh standards,and hourly basis for workwhich benefits the of the Naval Air Technical Training maintain at least a 70 percent academic entireteam. A minimumnumber of CenterMemphis Flying Rifles Drill zverage.Inaddition, every team workingmerits is required for each Team. memberstands fire and security promotion. Chief Aviation ElectronicsTechni- watches. cian Michael J. Abbott, their drillmas- Althoughcomplaints are seldom Team memberswho havebeen ter,says the team’sprecision is heard,one junior team member said, assignedadditional administrative appreciated all the more when it is real- “There just isn’t enough time to study, duties can be promoted to “black pot,” ized all the members arepart-time practice, wash, iron, shine, swab, wax, the team’s staff members. The staff con- volunteers. buff and dust. I don’t think I’ve seen a sists of the drillmaster,student drillmas- “As full-timestudents atNATTC, movie or awhole TV show in two ter,assistant drillmaster, yeoman and theirprimary missionis to learn,”he weeks!” ordnanceman. says. “Most of their time is devoted to Since the teamwas formed in 1953, it Mastering the manuals is a mentally classes, and studying to become Navy has developed an internal rank struc- taxing and sometimes physically pain- technicians. ture not associatedwith nortnal military ful experience forvolunteer team “Our practice sessions are limited to rank.Team position is designated by members. “Myhands are sore from after school hours, perhaps twoor three the colorof a helmet liner, a “pot,” worn slapping the piece,” a green pot said. hours a day, four orfive days a week, if during practice. Rules andregulations, practices, per- the weather is good.” At the bottomof the team structure is formances andphysical conditioning all In addition to practicing, each team the “rock,”usually the newest team contributeto similarity between the memberhas responsibilities which member. Following indoctrination, the drill team and a high school or college extend beyond the classroom. “It’s our rock becomes a “green pot” who under- athletic team. Like those who make the job toset an example in military appear- goes basic training in the team’s manu- varsity team, drill team members who ance,” says Aviation Electronics Tech- als and marching formations. It usually reach theparade team level of profi- nician ThirdClass Larry W. Seutter. takesfrom four to six weeks forthe ciency give up virtually all of their free “We tryto keep our rooms and commontrainee to learn the movements well weekends. Rare is the weekend during areas in showcase condition. Our uni- enough to be advanced. the spring, summer and fall when the forms have the correct creases, our Havinglearned themanuals, the drillteam is free from marching shoes are shined, and we always have green pot is tested by the student drill- engagements. fresh haircuts.” master. If the member passes, he or she Every team member experiences pre-

32 ALL HANDS performance jitters, psychs up for the engagement, and is exhausted when it is over. The drill team, like an athletic team, operates onhigh morale and runs on pride. Nowhere is this better illus- trated than on team road trips. Radioman Seaman Apprentice Don McCord describes the feeling asthe team begins to thread its way down the 8 street between crowds oneach side. “It’s like being the guest of honor at a party,” I he says. “You know you belong there,

Left: Drillmaster A TC Michael J. Abbot puts the Flving Rifles through their paces. Below: Practice, practice-right up to parade time. I- and you’ve worked hard to get there.” “It’s the big payoff,” Airman Bill Hansen says. “All those hours of prac- ticing are rewarded when you march down the middle of the street and you just know everybody’s looking at you. It’s hard to keep from smiling. But you’re supposed to look stern.” Airman Apprentice Rick Jaquez says it’s not without its moments of trepida- tion. “When we do a throw,like in ‘Fly- ing Rifles,’ everybody is listening to see if somebody misses. You’re really wor- ried somebody willmiss catchingthe piece and blow the whole manual.” Sometimes the team feels parades are not longor big enough for themto show off. In Coffeeville, Miss., theparade had 15 or 20 entries and ran for only about a half mile. Afterwards, thepolice blocked off the main street and the team performed foran additional 20 minutes. “Weprobably did more for Navy recruitingduring that 20 minutes in Coffeeville than we did in many a parade,” ATC Chester said. “Recruiting is basically whatthis team is all about,” ATC Abbott says. “Aside from trainingour members to be

Opposite page: Preparation and paying atten- tion to detail pays off when the team performs the Honor Circle.

Lt$: The Color Guard on parade. Below: Assistant Drillmaster Reuben D. Tucker.

MAY 1979 35 good petty officers, our primary goal is to assist recruiters. In every crowd there is at least oneyoung man or woman who, when the time comesto sign on the dotted line, will remember our perfor- mance and appearance.” The feeling that pervades theteam after a good performanceis one of quiet satisfaction.Larry Seutter believes members are awareof their responsibili- ties and their impact. “We know when we go on theroad we represent the drill team, NATTC Memphis and the entire United States Navy,” he said. Why a 19-year-old recent graduate of bootcamp would undertakethose \ responsibilities and endure such incon- veniencesis summedup by assistant drillmasterAirman Reuben Tucker. “The Flying Rifles,” he says ofthe team, “run on pride.” .I,

Right: A last-minute check before the parade begins.

Below: Flving Rifles earn their name. basic allowance for quarters(BAQ) and basic allowance for subsistence (BAS). By tradition,custom and law, the government provides service members with quartersand subsistence needs. When quarters and subsistence are not provided, a monthly allowance may be J paid to theservice member to help meet the cost of those needs.

Basic Allowance for Quarters

BAQ is paid to service members when Navy government quarters are not available for assignment to them. The amountof BAQ varies with pay grade and depen- dency status. Both officers and enlisted members who have dependents are entitled to BAQ whether serving ashore, at sea or overseas, providing govern- ment quarters are notassigned. A Navy couple without dependents who volun- teerfor simultaneous assignment to afloatunits are not eligible for BAQ because they are individually assigned shipboardquarters. Members who Pay and Allowances voluntarily occupy government quar- tersrated “inadequate,” receive BAQ and pay a rental fee for such quarters. No topic generates as much funtail sists of basic pay, basic allowance for A partial rate of BAQ is payable to discussion as pa)>and allowwnces. In quarters,basic allowance for subsist- memberswithout dependents when this article, No. 6 in our series on Nav.~ ence and the tax advantage. they are assigned to government quar- Rights and Benefits, we’ll take a close ters, so as not to penalize them because look at thisfamiliar, yet complex, *** of recent reallocations of basic pay subject. increases into BAQ. Public Law 90-207 and the Federal It is important to note here that per- Pay ComparabilityAct of 1970 are Basic Pay sonnelwithout dependents who are intended to ensure that military paywill assigned to sea duty are considered to continueto keep pace with civilian Basic pay varies according to a have quarters assigned to them and, salaries byproviding semi-automatic member’s paygrade and time in service; therefore, are not eligible for BAQ. salaryadjustments each October. the amount is prescribed by law. Navy Officers in pay grade 0-4 and above, Wheneverstatistics show salaries ris- people receive longevity increases at withoutdependents, may elect to ing in private industry, par1 raisesarc various times throughout their career. receive BAQ rather than occupy availa- approved across the board for military Each member’s annual salary is ble governmentquarters, unless the personnel.The amount is determined divided into 12 equal installments, one- officers’ dutiesrequire on-base resid- by the president, basedon statisticspro- half of each installment payable on the ency. (See table on page 38.) vided annually by the Department of 15th and the other on the 30th of each Labor. month. Each installment represents the Militarypay is composedof both pay for one calendar month; the daily Basic Allowance for Subsistence pays and allowancesfor active dutyper-rate is 1/30 of the monthly rate. sonnel and deferred compensation for The MilitaryMonthly Basic Pay Officers are entitled to an allowance the member’s retirement (retired pay). Table, effective Oct. 1,1978, on page47, for subsistence at the rateof $62.80 per Active duty pays and allowances are shows the current rates of basic pay. month, regardless of rank or depen- composedof Regular Military Com- Basic pay is only related directly to dency status. All officers, on shipor pensation, Special and Incentive Pays the work a service member performs. shore, married or single, draw the basic and other allowances. The allowances which make up therest allowance for subsistence and pay the Regular Military Compensation con- of Regular Military Compensation are entire cost of their mess bills.

MAY 1979 37 Navy Rights & Elenefits

In general, when rations-in-kind are separately,the commanding officer not provided by thegovernment, must take into consideration the neces- Basic Allowance for Subsistence enlisted members entitled to receive sity to maintain an enlisted dining facil- Officers: $62.80/mo. basic pay are entitled to a basic allow- ity which can be operated effectively Enlisted Members: ance for subsistence (BAS). memberA and economically with a reduced When on leave or authorized to $3.00/day on sea duty is always provided rations- and/or varyingpatronage. The daily mess separately: in-kind. Members on shore duty may, value of commuted rations is currently however, request and receive authoriza- $3.00. Members assigned to certain When rations in-kind are not $ 3.38Iday tion to subsist separately from another- types of duty, such as recruiting duty, available: wise availablegovernment mess. It where it is determined impracticable to should be recognized that before grant- use established dining facilities, may be When assigned to duty under ing an individual permission to mess entitled to draw $3.38 per day. emergency conditions where no messing facilities of the United States areavailable: $ 4.48/day Monthly Basic Allowance for Quarters

’ ’ Tax Advantage PAY WITH G RA DE WITHOUT DEPENDENTSWITHOUTDEPENDENTS -GRADE If a service member’s allowances for FULLRATE’ PARTIAL RATE2 quartersand subsistence were to be taxed by the federal government, the COMMISSIONED OFFICERS service member would have to earn an additional amountof money to pay that 0-10 $357.90 $50.70 $447.60 tax. That amount is referred to as the 0-9 357.90 50.70 447.60 “tax advantage.”The amount of tax 0-8 357.90 50.70 447.60 0-7 357.90 50.70 447.60 advantagediffers between service 0-6 321.30 39.60 391.80 members because it, like BAQ and 0-5 296.10 0-5 33.00 356.70 BAS, is calculated on: 0-4 263.70 0-4 26.70 31 8.30 - the service member’s marital 0-3 231.90 22.20 286.20 status 0-2 201.30 17.70 254.70 0-1 156.90 13.20 204.60 - whether or not BAQ and BAS are paid in cash or received inkind WARRANT OFFICERS - pay grade and length of service w-4 $254.10 $25.20 $306.60 and because the number of personal tax w-3 226.50 20.70 279.30 exemptionsa service member may w-2 197.10 15.90 250.50 claim varies. w- 1 177.90 13.80 230.40 ENLISTED MEMBERS Special Pays E-9 $191.70 $18.60 $269.70 Special pay is addedcompensation E-8 176.70 15.30 249.30 Navy people receive monthly, if they E-7 1 50.30 12.00 231.90 E-6 136.50 9.90 21 3.30 qualify, and the amount is taxable. Sea E-5 131.10 8.70 195.90 duty pay, special pay for duty in speci- E-4 115.80 8.10 172.50 fied overseas areas, hostile fire pay, div- E-3 103.50 7.80 150.30 ing pay, and proficiency pay, for E-2 91.50 7.20 150.30 example, are forms of special pay. Spe- 6.90 150.30 E- 1 86.40 cial payments to physicians, optome- tristsand dentists, aswell as ’Payment of the full rateof basic allowance for quarters at these ratesmembers for of the reenlistment bonuses, are also formsof uniformed services to personnel without dependents is authorized by 37 United States special pay, thoughall are not paid Code 403 and Part IV of Executive Order 11 157, as amended. monthly. A rundown of the more com- 2Payment of the partial rateof basic allowance for quartersat these rates to membersof mon special pays follows. the uniformed services withoutdependents who, under 37 United StatesCode 403(b) or 0 Physicians, Dentists and Optome- 403(c), are not entitledto the full rateof basic allowance for quarters, is authorizedby 37 United States Code 1009(d)and Part IV of Executive Order 1 1 157,as amended. trists Pay. These officers receive career incentive pays as longas they remain on active duty. Payments range from $100

38 ALL HANDS to $350 monthly,depending on spe- cumulative years of sea duty.Petty bonus is paid when the member reenlists cialty andyears of service. Medical officers with more than three years’ and is computed as follows: officers may also be entitled to “contin- cumulative sea duty receive $25 a month First reenlistmerrt: Amount equal to uation pay” of up to fourmonths’ basic when entitled to career sea pay. Petty member’s monthly basic pay at time pay for each additional year of active officers with more than seven years’ of discharge, multiplied by the duty served after attaining the rank of cumulative sea duty receive $35 a month number,of years for which member 0-4 through 0-9, or “variable incentive ($45, beginning in FY 8 1). Petty officers reenlists. pay” entitlements of up to $13,500 with more than 12 years’ cumulative sea Second reenlistment: Amount equal annually (medical officers only, in pay- duty receive $55 a month ($100 begin- to two-thirds of monthly basic pay, grade 0-3 through 0-6) for remaining ning FY 82). multiplied by the numberof years for on active duty following completion of Proficiency Pay. This special pay is which member reenlists. obligated service. actually a career incentive pay awarded Third reenlistment:Amount equalto Foreign Pay. Foreign duty pay is primarily to people in ratings and skills one-third monthly basic pay, multi- payable to enlisted members assigned to in which large personnelshortages plied by thenumber of years for duty at specified places outside of the exist.Pro-pay awards fall within two which member reenlists. contiguous United States.The listof categories: shortage specialty, and spe- Fourthand subsequent reenlist- such duty stationsis lengthy; acopy is in cial dutyassignment. Pay awarded in ments: Amount equalto one-sixth of the Military Pay and Allowances Enti- the shortage specialty category is based monthly basic pay, multiplied by the tlements Manual. Foreign duty pay is on Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) number of years for which member not authorized forNavy people who are skills. Those people in designated criti- reenlists. residents of Alaska,Hawaii, United cal skills who are serving in their spe- SelectiveReenlistment Bonus. States possessions, or foreign countries cialty may draw monthly specialty pay SRB is a retention incentive special pay duringany period they are serving awards of $50 to $150. Pro-pay awards awarded members serving in certain within that locality. in the special duty assignment category selected ratings/NECs who reenlist or are based on assignmentto special types extendtheir enlistments for at least Monthly Rate of Payment for of duty, such as recruitingduty, and three years. The objective of the bonus Foreign Duty also range between $50 to $150. is to increase the number of reenlist- RegularReenlistment Bonus. ments in those ratings characterized by E-9 $22.50 E-6 $20.00 E-3 $9.00 Members who were on active duty on retention levels insufficient to ade- quately man the career force. E-8 $22.50 E-5 $16.00E-2 $8.00 June 1, 1974 are eligible for this bonus. It may not exceed a cumulative total of SRB amounts of up to $12,000 per E-7 $22.50 E4 $13.00 E-1 $8.00 $2,000 during the member’s career. The bonus may be paid enlisted members

Career Sea Pay Entitlement. New sea pay legislation became effective Oct. 1, 1978. Personnel receiving sea pay at that timecontinued to receive at least as much sea pay as they were drawing before the law became effective. Under the new provisions, people assigned to category “A” ships(those most fre- quentlyunder way) ortounits embarked in those ships,receive sea pay continuously while part ship’sof company. People in category “Bships (those normally in home port) receive sea pay only when the ship is awayfrom its home port formore than 30 consecutive days. Everyone in the Navy who quali- fied for the previoussea pay, even if cur- rently assigned to a category “Bship, canstill receive the old rateuntil October 1, 1981. Under the current seapay plan, petty officers are paid according to their

MAY 1979 Navy Rights & 6enef its who are serving in designatedcritical concerningtheir qualifications. The and specialized duties.They receive ratings.Certain nuclear qualified amount payable is determined by the incentive pay whenperforming such members may receive up to$15,000 per Secretary of the Navy and may not duties as aviation duty, parachute duty bonus. A member may collect two exceed $4,000 for unrestricted line offi- or demolition duty.As in the case of all bonuses, one for each eligibility zone- cers or $2,400 for limited duty andwar- entitlementslabeled “pay,” incentive Zone A (for those with 21 months’ ser- rant officers. pay is taxable. vice, but less than six years’ service) and Special Continuation Pay for Cer- 0 AerialFlights. Members under Zone B (for those with six to not more tainNuclear Qualified Enlisted orders to participate in regular and fre- than 10 years’ service). Selective reen- Members. Certain nuclear trained and quent aerial flights as crew or noncrew listmentbonuses willbe covered in qualified petty officers who reenlist are members,who meet all requirements detail in “ReenlistmentIncentives,” in a entitled to nuclear petty officer contin- listed in the Entitlements Manual, are forthcoming issue of All Hands. uation pay when theymeet all eligibility eligible for aerial flight incentive pay. 0 Hostile Fire Pay. All Navy person- requirements listed in the Entitlements Officers qualified foraviation service nel serving ashore,on board a ship, in or Manual (section 11305) andSECNA- are not entitled to this hazardous duty an aircraft, within the limits of a hostile VINST 7220.72. The total amountmay incentive pay, but they may be entitled fire zone are eligible to receive hostile not exceed six months’ basic pay, mul- to aviation career incentive pay. Those fire pay at the rateof $65 per month. A tiplied by the number of years of addi- eligible for aerial flight pay are paid at member may notreceive more than one tionalobligated service, or $15,000 the following rates: hostile fire pay during any one month. (whichever is less). This special pay is Hostile fire pay is not awarded during payable in annual installments only. Officers: $1 10 per month time of war declared by Congress. Enlisted crew members: $50 to 0 Special Pay for Nuclear Qualified $105, depending on paygrade and time Officers. This payis awarded in three Incentive Pays in service categories:nuclear career accession bonus; nuclear qualified officer extend- Incentive pays are paid to those per- Enlistednoncrew members: $55 per ing period of active service (continua- sonnelengaged in certainhazardous month. tion pay); andnuclear career annual incentive bonus. Nuclear career accession bonus: Naval officers or prospectivenaval officers accepted for training for dutyin connection with the supervision, opera- tion and maintenance of naval nuclear propulsionplants are entitled toan accessionbonus when theymeet all requirements listed in the Entitlements Manualand SECNAVINST 7220.65 series. The amountof this pay may not exceed $3,000. Nuclear qualfied officer extending period of active duty: Certain nuclear qualified naval officers are entitled to continuation pay whenthey elect to remain on active duty after completion of theirinitial obligated service. The amount payable is determined semi- annually by the Secretary of the Navy. Thetotal amount may not exceed $20,000, or $5,000 per year for each year of the officer’s additionalfour year active service agreement. Nuclearcareer annual incentive bonus: Certainnuclear qualified offi- cers are entitled to an annual incentive bonus when theymeet requirements set forth in SECNAVINST 7220.65 series

40 ALL HANDS AviationCareer Incentive Pay Flight deckduty involves frequent enlisted status $151.57, if ICMA was (ACIP). ACIP is an incentive pay for and regular participation in flight deck not previously paid. rated/designated officers and warrant operations on an aircraft carrier. Basic maintenance allowance:This is officers in flight status, and is similar to Underwater demolition dutyinvolves a monthly allowanceincluded in regular otherforms of continuation pay. duty in connection with the underwater pay after six months of active duty and Monthly rates range from$100 to $245 demolition of explosives, including until completion of three years’ active for officers; from $100 to $200 for war- training for assignment. To qualify for duty. Enlisted men receive $4.50; rant officers. In both cases, the amount this pay, members must be involved enlisted women, $3.90. depends on the numberof years of avia- with underwaterdemolition astheir Standardmaintenance allowance: tion service in a commissioned status. primary duty. Thisregular monthly allowance is SubmarineDuty Pay. Navy Experimentalstress duty involves included in members’ pay afterthree members required by orders to perform duty in any of the following activities: years’ active service. Enlisted men submarineduty are entitled to this subject in human acceleration or decel- $6.60; enlisted women $5.40. Mainte- incentive pay if: attached to a subma- eration experiments; subject in thermal nance allowance for men is higher due rine (including submarines belongingto stress experiments;high or low pressure to morefrequent replacement of foreign powers) which is in active status; chamber duty ata physiological facility uniforms. qualified in submarines andassigned as as a humantest subject, research techni- Specialinitial clothing monetary a prospective crew member of a subma- cian or inside-the-chamber instructor- allowance: This allowance is for those rineunder construction; qualified in observer. who must wear clothing of a type not submarines and undergoing periods of required by the majority of Navy men instruction to prepare forassignment to Other Allowances and women. It goes to men and women a submarine of advanced design or to Allowances are paid to help Navy uponadvancement to chief petty preparefor aposition of increased people meet expenses incurred while on officer, for instance. Rates vary from responsibility on a submarine; or if an activeduty. Allowances maybe paid $112 to $396, depending on the situa- operator or crew member of an opera- monthly or on anoccasional basis, or in tion,and payment is made in a one- tional,self-propelled submersible, a one-time lump sum payment. Some time, lump sum. including an underseas exploration and are paid automatically, others require Civilianclothing monetary allow- research vessel. application to be made. Allowances are ance: Certain Navy people who are The monthly rateof incentive pay for not taxable. required (not having the option)to wear enlisted membersranges from $50 to Clothing Allowances-Members civilian clothing in performance of their $105; for warrantofficers, $100 to $165; receive an initialclothing allowance duties, such as people serving in politi- andfor officers, $100 to$245“each when theyenter the service or are cally sensitive areas overseas where the rate of pay is based on paygrade and recalled to active duty; aftersix months appearance of a military uniform could years of service in submarines.Staff of active duty, they receive a monthly be disruptivea source, receive this members of submarineoperational maintenance allowance. There are sev- allowance. The lumpsum payment commanders, whose duties requireserv- eral types of clothing allowances based ranges from $2 15 to $580, depending on ing ona submarine during underway on the actualcost of clothing and situa- the seasonal civilian clothing involved. operations, may qualify for incentive tions in which special clothing may be Additional payments may be made for pay at the same rate as permanentcrew needed. Here is a list of the allowances extended tours of duty. members. now in effect: Special enlisted supplementary cloth- 0 Parachute,Flight Deck, Demoli- Initial clothing monetary allowance: ing allowance: This allowanceis paid to tion,and ExperimentalStress Duty. ICMA generally reflects the cost of a enlisted: members of theCeremonial These incentive pays are lumped completeseabag for recruits and, for Guard; Navy recruiters;members on together because the entitlement is the enlisted men and women, is usually paid duty in the executive part of the Navy same for each, and eligibility require- “in kind” in the form of a full seabag Department at the seat of government ments for each specify that themember issued at recruittraining commands. (field activities excluded); members on must be participating in theactivity. Enlisted men receive $308.33; enlisted duty in the office of the Secretary of Navy personnel who perform anyof the women, $396.26. Defense or Office of the JointChiefs of named duties are entitled to incentive Partialinitial clothing monetary Staff;recruit company commanders pay from the day theassignment begins allowance .for enlisted members of the and recruitdrill instructors; members until the dayof completion at the rateof NavalReserve below E-7 (maleand on duty with the Naval Administration $55 per monthfor enlisted members; female): This allowancereflects the cost Unit, Washington, D.C.; the Bureau of and $I 10 per month for officers. of completing a seabag for Reservists NavalPersonnel Career Information Parachute duty involves parachute upon reporting for active duty.Enlisted Liaison Team;Armed Forces Police jumping as anessential part of military men $81.35; enlisted women $181.97; and Permanent Shore Patrol; and the duty. and naval aviation cadets reverting to Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

MAY 1979 41 Navy Rights & 6enef its and Master Chief Petty Officers of the dutystation under permissive orders stationfor more than 30 consecutive Fleet andForce. The amount ranges (orderstaken noat cost tothe days and dependents do not live at or from $9.95 for first class petty officers government). near the temporary duty station. (and below) on dutyat the seat of To qualify for this allowance, which 0 DislocationAllowance-Navy government, to $138.50 for recruit com- is equal toone months' BAQ atthe members may be entitled to a disloca- pany commanders. without-dependentsrate for the tion allowanceequal to one month's O[ficers' uniform andequipment affected paygrade, these general condi- BAQ when the member is transferred allowvances: Initial uniform allowances tions must be met: transportation of under, PCS orders. for officers rangefrom $75 to $200 dependents tothe permanent duty Members with dependents must actu- depending on source of procurement station is not authorized at government ally relocate their families with the (OCS,NROTC, etc.) and is payable expense; dependents do not live at or intention of establishinga bonafide, upon first reporting for active duty- near the permanent duty station; ade- permanent residence at or near the new other thantraining-for period of more quategovernment quarters are not duty station. Members without depend- than 90 days; upon completing 14 days' available for assignment to the member ents areentitled to this allowance if they active duty or active duty for training; andthe member is not assigned to are not assigned quarters at their new or when an officer is commissioned in a inadequategovernment quarters or permanentduty station. Dislocation regular component upon NROTC grad-housing facilities. allowancesare not automatically uation or enters onactive duty asa regu- FSA Tvpe II was designed to com- paid-members must apply at the dis- lar naval officer. pensateNavy people foradded bursing office after arrival at the new 0 FamilySeparation Allowance- expenses incurred because of enforced duty station. This allowance is payableonly to separation from dependents dueto per- 0 StationAllowances-When members with dependents. Thereare manent change of station, duty aboard assigned toduty overseas,members two types of FSA-Type I and Type11. ship, or temporary duty away fromper- may become eligible for station allow- A member may be entitled to both types manentcommand. Any member (E-4 ances depending on a variety of factors simultaneously. with more than four years' service, or such as location of assignment, nature FSATvpe I was designed to paya above) may receive $30 per month when of orders,dependency statusand the member for addedexpenses for housing anyone of the followinggeneral overseas housingand cost-of-living caused by enforcedseparation from requirements are met: transportation of situation. Station allowances are paid dependents. It applies when Navy peo- dependents is not authorized atgovern- to those on duty outside the continental ple mustmaintain a homefor their mentexpense and dependents do not United States to offset any loss of pur- dependentsand one for themselves live near or at the new permanent duty chasingpower that occurs when sta- when on permanentduty outside the station or home port; memberis on duty tioned overseas. The allowances are United States.It is notpayable to a aboard a ship which hasbeen away authorized by the Per Diem Committee member permanentlyassigned to a duty from its home port for more than 30 based on costs reported in the overseas station in Hawaii (but is payable to consecutivedays; member is TDY or area. Joint Travel Regulations, Volume members serving in Alaska) or to any TAD away from his or her permanent I, contains specific instructions con- cerning the payment of station allow- ances. Application for these allowances is required and, in view of varying con- ditionsand rates, members should checkwith their disbursing officer to determineentitlement. Station allow- ances are revised each year and are sub- ject to change at any time. Generally, these are the station allowances. Housing and Cost of Living Allow- ances (HA andCOLA): Thesehelp defraytheaverage excess costs members facewhile on permanentover- seas duty. HAis a per diem based on the difference between BAQ and the aver- age cost of housing (including the cost of utilities) atthe overseaslocation, whether or not the member has depend- ents. COLA is based on the member's rank,the area -where located, the number of dependents and the average

ALL HANDS living expenses (other than housing) in Because travelallowance computa- accrued leave carried forward to a new the United States compared to the over- tions are complex and the number of or extended enlistment. seas locality. allowances authorized varies with each Thetable onComputation of InterimHousing Allowance(IHA): situation, Navy people should check Accrued Leave Paymentexplains the Thistype of allowance may be paid with their personnel and disbursingoffi- conditions governing the sale of leave. when a member assigned overseas is ces each time they receive transfer or requiredtocontract for non- travelorders. Personnelmen and dis- Allotments of Pay government,family-type housing bursing clerks are expertsin the compu- before dependents arrive. An IHAis an tation of travelallowances and are Allotmentsare big business in the amount determined by location which always willing to help members file their Navy today. Thousands of civilian and may be paid for 60 days or until the travel claims. Navy disbursing clerks aroundthe member's dependents arrive, whichever LumpSum Leave Payments- world ensure that Navy members' allot- is earlier. Upondischarge, transfer to the Fleet ments do what they're designed to do. TemporaryLodging Allowance Reserve, or retirement,members may Currently, there are 12 types of allot- (TLA): TLA is designed to partially receive cash for accumulated leave, up ments in general use. The types and reimburse members for extra expenses to a maximumof 60 days. Effective Feb. examples of each are clearly shown on incurred when living in hotel-type 10, 1976,a military member can be paid the table of Examples of Allotments of accomodations while awaiting perman- no more than 60 days' accrued leave Pay on page 44. enthousing after reporting overseas. .during an entire military career. Pay- It is important for Navy people to Also, it may be paid to members await- ment foraccrued leave madebefore realize that their dependents or others ing transportation back to the United Feb. 10, 1976,is excluded from thislim- to whom allotmentshave been made do Statesafter receipt of PCS orders. itation. Effective July 14,1976, a not receive an allotment check imme- Althoughthere are provisions for member eligible for an accrued leave diately after application hasbeen made. extensions of TLA, theallowance is not settlement may elect to receive payment The check is not mailed until the endof usually paid for periodsof more than 60 for a portionof the accruedleave, not to the month for which it is payable. Gen- days after reporting to a foreign duty exceed 60 days, and have the remaining erally, the minimum time required for station or for more than 10 days when leaving an overseas station. Daily TLA rates are determined by multiplying a COMPUTATION OF ACCRUED LEAVE PAYMENT given area's travel per diem allowance by apercentage factor based onthe member is and member then compute payment for the number of days accrued leave. Et has number of dependents accompanying a more than 60 in a military career, to include: (note 1I member to the overseas duty station. Travel Allowances-There area number of travel situations a member might face while on activeduty for I Personal Money BAS Allowances (note 6) which the Navy will pay expenses or I Basic pay will, onthe average, reimbursethe - nlisted, in dependentsrateappli-at 70 cents member with appropriate travel allow- aygrades E-5 (note 3) cable on date per day ances upto the limits permitted by > E-9 of separation . (notes 2 and 1 law. Generally, anytime amember trav- no dependents none !nlisted. in els underorders (other than leave naygrades E-1 orders), the Navy pays for transporta- o E-4 I Bficer dependents 562.80 per if officer was receiving tion. If a member has dependents andis (note 3) nonth (prorate for member with this allowance on date lor number days dependents on of separation (Ilmtted in paygrade E-4 (with more than two >f accrued leave) date of separa- to allowance authortzed years' service) or above, the members' tion (notes 4 by paygrade and billet). and 5) Compute at rate payable family may travel at government on that date (note 4). expense when under PCS orders.A no dependents at rate appllcable for member with- member, in paygrade E-4 (with less than out dependents on date of separa- two years' service) or below may have tion (notes 4 dependents transported at government and 5) expense if ordered to, from, or between NOTES' 11 I When the final leave balance includesa one-half day total, compute theamount to be paldby crediting the memberwith one-half of 8 day's entdtlement.Round the totalto the nearest penny(2) Do not include in basic pay the25 percent Increase authorized certainNavy members an overseas dutystation. Dependents mvoluntarily retainedbeyond thew EAOS. 13) A dependent on active duty IS not considereda dependent on determining right to BAQ.(4) Date 01 Separation IS date of discharge. release from active duty. transferto Reserve. or death: day before effeotive dateof retwement: day before date01 may also travel at government expense appointment as cadet or mldshlpman: or day before effs%t~vedate of extension of enlistment. (5) Pay BAQeventhough member 1s not receiving BAQondateofseparationbecausepublicquartersareoccupisdorava~lable (6) Cashsettlementofleaveaccruedasof31Aug1976willbeonthe when a member receives orders in con- basis of basic pay. BAS, BAO. and PMA as appropriate.Cashsettlement of leave accrued on and after 1 Sept 1976 will be on the basis o nection with schooling for morethan 20 basic Pay only for all grades. officer and enlisted. weeks.

MAY 1979 43 Navy Rights & 6enef its allotmentsto reach payees isfive to eight weeks after the memberhas com- Examples of Allotments of Pay, pleted the application which places the with Applicable Codes allotment in force.

Each month theNavy Finance Center When the and member is or is retired then the receives a number of lettersfrom type of member not on period allot- active duty of the dependentswho report they did not ment is allot- receive a scheduled allotment check. In ment is almost every instance, failure to receive an allotment check on schedule can be traced to the failure of an active duty member to notify the center of a change of address. Navy men and women should remember that when they move, B - purchase of U S Savlngs Bond and wish to receive a check at the new address, they must notify NFC before C - charity drive the 16th of the month. donation (CFC) The center suggests members use the D - payments to X X regularchange of addresscards sent dependents (note 5) xxx periodically to allotment payees for this N - U S Government purpose. To be on the safe side, it is also Llfe Insurance and/or suggested that a change of address Natlonal Service Ltfe xxx X X Insurance or repayment (2) notice be filed at thelocal post office so of loan on VA Insurance the allotment check will be forwarded. (note 6)

H - repayment of xxx X home loans The Finance Center’s Job I - commerclal llfe xxx X X Insurance (notes Handlingthe financial affairs of 3 & 4) Navy people in such diverse areasas reenlistmentbonuses, entitlement L - repayment of claims, leave accounting, travel, bonds loans to Navy xxx X and so on, is thejob of the Navy Finance Rellef Soclety Center in Cleveland, Ohio,and regional M - Navy Mutual X X and local finance offices located aboard Aid Insurance shipand around the globe. In recent years, two developmentshave made this S - payment to flnancial xxx X job more efficient and more economi- institution for credit cal-JUMPS and PASS. to allotter 0 JUMPS (Joint UniformMilitary E - contributions to Post-Vletnam Era Vet- xx X Pay System)-This system has been in erans Educatlon Assts- operation for nearly three years. It pro- tance Program vides accurate and timelyfiscal infor- mation withwhich to better managethe T - payment of Military Personnel Pay Appropriation. Indebtedness to U.S Before JUMPS, forecastingpays and obligations for the pay appropriation U - remlttance to xx X was possible only on a historically- RSFPP for retired mem- bers on actwe duty based “guestimate” sincepay was calcu- NOTES. lated and paid by morethan 500 (1) Enllsted members may retainM allotments startedIn thelr former statusasan offlcer. disbursing offices afloatand ashore. (2) If electing to contlnue NSLl purchased before becommg an aviation cadet. Sincemany deployed Navy people (3) Allotter’s llfe only, including family group type plans. (4) Comply with service regulations (SECNAVINST 1740.2 serles) before new allotment prefer to let their pay accumulate “on may be issued for paymentof premiums on commercial life insurance. However, any the books” and pay records were closed such allotments In effect Sep 30, 1967, may be continued as an approved allotment. (5) A retired member may authortze allotmentsto a spouse, former spouse(s), and/or his out only twice a year, it took months for or her child(ren) having a permanent resldence other than member‘s own. the Navy to determine how much it was (6) Payment of Insurance premiums and repayment of insurance loans will be made by one NSLl or class N allotment. actually spending on personnel costs.

44 ALL HANDS Under JUMPS, the Navy’s 500 field The monthly LES issued to Navy In blocks 26-32 (Allotments), a one- disbursing offices still hold payday men and women provides an up-to-date lettercode indicates thetype of twice a month, buteveryone’s pay is cal- financial tool which can be used in plan- allotment-e.g. “Dfor dependency or culated in Cleveland, well in advance of ning since it provides complete informa- “S” for savings. If a person has more actual payment. This accrual approach tion aboutpay entitlements, allotments, than six allotments, the additional ones permits the service to obligate the deductions and taxes. So Navy people appear in block 62 (Remarks). If the MILPERSappropriation on a much will recognize the full value of their pay allotment is to be stopped at the end of more timely basis than previously possi- and allowances, the “remarks” block on themonth, its termination date will ble. Disbursing offices in the field con- each LES periodically explains the dol- appear in the remarks block. tinue to make pay recordchanges to lar value gained as a result of non- Block 57 (Forecasts of amounts due) reflect promotions and other pay enti- taxable allowances. will reflect longevity increases coming tlementchanges occurring between AnLES looks confusing at first up soon, or any other action affecting Cleveland’s calculation and the actual glance, yet it actually is very simple to pay. Designed as a financial planning payday, but the next NFC calculation decipher. A key on the reverse side of tool, block 57’s forecasts of amounts reflects those changes in each member’s each LES explains what the entries in due may differ occasionally from actual new Leave andEarnings Statement each block mean. Here are some added pay received because of local adjust- (LES). tips for reading LESS: ments based onthe mostcurrent entitlements. Block 62 (Remarks) will containa Loc h MEMBERS COPY PAGE /-. brief description of events which affect a vw ~IOZ--LF-~~-OZ~O LEAVE AND EARNINGS STATEMENT’ ’ 13 14 15 member’s pay. For example, “LSL PAIDTO DATE 0.ODA” indicates that themember has notsold any “lump sum leave” back to the Navy and is, therefore, entitled to sell 60 days upon reenlistment, discharge or retirement. PASS(Pay/ Personnel Adminis- trativeSupport System)-PASSpro- vides Navy people with one-stop personnel, pay and passenger transpor- tation service while improving person- nel/pay reporting systems and simplifying such routine procedures as checking in, checking out and changing dependencystatus records. Addition- ally, the Navy expects PASS to make possible greateraccuracy in pay and personnel record keeping, and greater efficiency in overall service. Active PASSoperations began in October 1977 with the establishment of PASS offices at three areas of major navalpersonnel concentration: Washington, D.C., San Diego,Calif., and Norfolk, Va. Based on the success of these pilot project operations,the Vice Chief of Naval Operations decided to implement PASS Navywide, begin- ning in January 1979. PASS is being phased into operation in three steps.In PhaseI, all activeNavy military personnel offices are being con- solidated and then co-located with mil- itary pay and passenger transportation offices. This provides “one-stop’’ shop- ping for military customers. PASS offi- ces, managed by a single Personnel

MAY 1979 45 Navy Rights & .6enefits

Support Activity (PSA),are being other units. A shore-based unit with an rate accounting of the pay and person- established by designateda major “emergency deploy” mission may be nel functions. claimant in eacharea, e.g., CINC- provided individuals with pay and per- Followingfull implementation of LANTFLT in Norfolk, CNET in Great sonnel record keeping experience from Phases I and 11, it is intended that the Lakes, and so on. local PSDs/PSBOson atemporary followingexpanded services will be PersonnelSupport Detachments duty basis during deployment periods. available to Navy members, to local (PSDs) or Branch Offices (PSBOs) are When the unit returns, the TEMADD commands and to the headquarters: being established in areas of military personnel and records will be returned 1. Prompt, efficient and-courteous concentrationand these facilities will to the PSD/PSBO. service at customer service units of maintain pay and personnel records and PASSPhase I1 provides forthe PSDs and PSBOs. handlepay, personnel and passenger development of an automated field pay, 2. One-stop pay, personnel and pas- transportation services. Additionally, personnel and transportation reporting senger transportation service at con- each PSD/ PSBOwill be responsible to system (to replace the current manual venient, geographical locations. the needs and requestsof the commands system). It will provide pertinent infor- 3. Concentration of highly qualified they serve. mation to field commanders and per- Since Navywide PASS implementa- sonnelmanagers through the newly personnel at PSDs/PSBOs to pro- vide technical expertise in pay, per- tion was authorized, a PASSoffice has consolidated PASS offices network. sonnel and passenger transportation been established in Jacksonville,Fla. The automated system will link all field matters. and, by the summer of 1979, offices are activities with the Navy Military Per- 4. Accurate maintenance of field ser- expected to be established in Orlando, sonnel Commandin Washington, D.C., vices, pay andother personnel Fla.; Pensacola,Fla.; San Francisco; and the Navy Finance Center in Cleve- records. Newport,R.I.; New Orleans; and land though theuse of remote terminals 5. Improvedsource dataprepara- Hawaii. The goal is to have all shore and mini-computers in the field. tion for input to the Manpower and activities Navywide supported by a The long range goal of Phase I11is PersonnelManagement and Infor- PASS network by March 1980. full integration of the pay and personnel mationSystem (MAPMIS),and Phase I affects only shore activities functions for efficient service to Navy JUMPS. and shore-based components of certain people and for more timely and accu- 6. Accurate and timely management information to commands andactiv- ities to enable effective management of assigned personnel. 7. Anaccurate and identical pay/ personnel record in the field and at headquarters. When PASS is fully implemented, the vast majority of Navy people will be .within easy walkingdistance of their PSDs/PSBOs. Additionally, with pay, personnel and passenger transportation functions all at the same location, less time will be lost from work for the pur- pose of handling pay/ personnel record matters. Functions not strictly related to pay or personnelrecord maintenance and reporting-such as performance eval- uations, leave, manpowerauthoriza- tions, non-judicial punishments, etc.- will remain with individual commands. Sufficient clerical personnel will remain at each command to adequately support “residual functions.” In the not too distant future, PASS will be expanded to include afloat units. The shipboard version of PASS will be supported by theShipboard Non- Tactical ADPProgram planned for FY- 1984. &

46 ALL HANDS C (r

(r (r

* 000000000 C mmbOtto0tt n

a F

in

CE F

d F

U 0000000000 W eTe9u?m(D-om 0 h 8 v) 0 LL W 2 0 0 a

0000 T??? t

0000 *(?c? m B 0000000000 0000 0 ~oocQm03m-mm (Drn-b 2 000 v) m

0 r;???????Cr; ?CY ??v????Cr; 0000000000 000 wwwwwwwww

MAY 1979 47 Rights Benefits currently being distributed through theMil- Commander Kempgoes on to say that St. and itary Departments by individual mailings to Elmo’s fire was notuniversally regarded as a the retired community, and a bulk distribu- good omen, and indeed some sailors would SIR:I have recently reviewed thearticle, tion to the CHAMPUSFiscal Intermediary not look directly it at for fearof dying within “Medical and Health Care,” in the January community aimed at a saturated distribu- theensuing day. It has always been my 1979 issue of All Hands. My compliments to tion for each eligible beneficiary. An ongo- impressionthat this phenomenon was the editorial and management staff of All ing “CHAMPUS Information Committee” regarded as benevolent and that St. Elmo Hands, both for the quality timelinessand of consistingofrepresentatives from was the guardianor patron of mariners. Am their excellentarticle. I wouldheartily ASD(HA),ASD(PA), OCHAMPUS and I incorrect?-LCDR Alexander G. Monroe, encouragethat the article become the Offices of the Surgeons Generalis study- USNR. mandatoryreading by eachactive duty ing ways and means to further enhance the No, after checking a numberof referen- officer and enlisted person. beneficiary information/education program ces listingpatron saints, wegive the honorof We in OCHAMPUS believe that the key as a coordinatedeffort between the Uni- being Patron Saint of Seamen to St. Elmo, to greateracceptance of the CHAMPUS formed Services Health Benefit Program just as you did. All of our research led to program lies in an improved beneficiary and 0CHAMPUS.-CAPT M.F. Tanner, eitherSt.Elmo St.orBrendan, the informationand educational program. MSC. Navigator.-ED. Toward this end, considerable effort is cur- rently ongoingtoward better beneficiary Patron Saint of Seamen information and education at the OCHAM- SIR:I am curious about your designation PUS, ASD and Military Departmentslevel. of St. Nicholas (January All Hands) as the A jointOCHAMPUS/Surgeons General “patron saint of seamen,”because I have Health Benefits Advisors Workshops con- always been under the impression that the Reunions cept has been established. The main thrustis patron saint or guardian of sailors was St. aimed at insuring that there is a person at Elmo. I have had a look at The OxfordCom- eachMilitary Medical Activity who is panion to Ships and the Sea (LCDR Peter USS PhilippineSea (CVA 47)- knowledgeable in both the Direct CareSys- Kemp, RN, Ed.) in the entry relating to St. Reunion Oct. 19, 1979, in Jacksonville, Fla. tem program benefits and CHAMPUS, and Elmo’s fire and found the following: Contact A.G. LeBaron, Box 668, Moulton, can provide that timely transition when it “The name St. Elmois by some believed to Ala. 35650. becomes necessary to refer a patient to the be a corruption of St. Erasmus, a martyr of FraternalOrder UDTISEAL, hc.- civilian sector for care. Accurate andtimely c. 303 and a patron saint of Mediterranean Reunion July 20-22, 1979, in Little Creek, information is vital tothe patient at this sailors... St. Elmo’s fire was regarded by Va. ContactR.P. Clark, 3540 Hilber St., Virginia Beach, Va. 23452. point. mostsuperstitious seaman as a good Additionally, a CHAMPUS handbookis omen ...” USS A BSD 1-8th reunion July27-29, 1979, in San Antonio, Texas. Contact C.E. PattersonJr., 10355 Chevy Chase Circle, Houston, Texas 77042. USS Norton Sound(AV 11)-8th reun- ion Aug. 2-5, 1979, in Port Hueneme, Calif. T Contact USS NortonSound Associaton, P.O. Box 487, Port Hueneme, Calif. 93041. USS Sabine (A0 25)”Reunion July 5- 7, 1979, in Helena, Mont. Contact Richard E. Fahler, Star City, Ind. 46985. USS Vincennes (CA44/CL 64)- Reunion Aug. 7-9, 1979, in Vincennes, Ind. Contact Peter H. Capp, 1014 Augusta St., Elizabeth, N.J. 07201. USS TheSullivans (DD 537)-8th reunion Aug. 10-12, 1979, in Buffalo, N.Y. ContactRobert R. Sander, 325 Thatcher Ave., River Forest, Ill. 60305. USS Emmons (DD 457/DMS 22)- Possible reunion for former shipmates. Con- tactDavid Jensen, 87 26 259 St.,Floral Park, N.Y. 11001. USS Los Angeles (CA 135)”Reunion June 21-24, 1979, in San Jose,Calif. Contact “That was a fine landing you made, I mean, what with this being a tanker and all.” L.A. Harris, 1107 2nd Avenue, #613, Red- wood City, Calif. 94063.

48 ALL HANDS Stern Shots

Here's a chance for weekend sailors and readersof sea stories to test their knowledgeof a sailing ship's sail plan. Try to match the numbered sailswith those listed below.

Fore topmast staysail Main topgallant sail Ringtail Main staysail Main topmast studding sail Forecourse Main topgallant staysail Flying jib Mizzen topsail Spritsail Main course Main topmast staysail Fore topsaiI Fore topgallant sail Driver Middle staysail Main topsail Jib Main topgallant Main studding sail studding sa i I

All Hands. the mayazlne of the U S Navy. published for the lnlormatlonand interest of all membersof Alexandrta. Va. 22332 theNavaIservIce.1sl66uedmOnthlybytheOHiceoftheChiefolInformat~on.Room2E-329,Pentayon. DISTRIBUTION. All Hands IS dlstrlbuted to all Navy BC~IVI~I~Son thestandard Navy Distributton LIS( Washmyton. D C 20350 166uame ofthis.publication isapproved Inaccordance wlth Depanmentol (SNDL) on the basas 01 one copy for approximately SIX naval offlcers and enlisted personnel on actwe the Navy PublicatlonsandPrtntiny ReUulationsP-35(revisedJanuary1974). Opln1onsexpressedare duty Lmted dlstrlbutton 10 Marlne Corps actovltles IS ellected by the Commandant. not necesrardy those of the Department ol the Navy. Referenceto regulations. orders and directives PERSONAL COPIES The magazlne IS lor sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S.Government is lor informallon only and does not by publication herein const#luteauthorlty lor action. All original Prlntlny Offlce. Wash, D.C 20402 The rate for All Hands IS 81 50 per copy: subscnptlon prlce IS material may be reprinted. St8 00 a year. domestlc (tncludlny FPO and APO address for overseasmall): S22.50.foretyn. Remit- ORlGlNALARTlCLESandinIormationofyeneralinterestmaybeIorwardedaddressedtotheEditor. tances should be made payable to the Supermendent 01 Documents and lorwarded dorectly to the All Hands. Prlnt Medla Dlvlsion. Navy Internal Relations Actlvlty. Hoffman #2. 200 Stwall St.. Government Prlntlny Offlce They ‘Run’ on Pride see pqe32