FOLIS JONES - a GUY WHO's BEEN 'Tt Iere Page 6 "Retirement" Is Not in This Exchief's Vocabulary

A crewman aboard USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63), garbed in fright deck gear, awaits the next aircraft launch. (Photo by JOI Kerby Harrison) MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 56th YEAR OF PUBLICATION 19 7 8 NUMBER 743 NUMBERDECEMBER 1978 Chief of Naval Operations: ADM Thomas B. Hayward Chief of Information: RADM DavidM. Cooney OIC Navy Internal Relations Act.: CAPT James E. Wentz Features 6 PRESIDENTS WHO WERE NAVY MEN Ties between the nation's top officeand the Navy

12 FOLIS JONES - A GUY WHO'S BEEN 'Tt iERE Page 6 "Retirement" is not in this exchief's vocabulary

18 FOREIGN MILITARY TRAINING Training people of other navies is a two-way street

22 SALEM'S ARITHMETIC SAILOR Before Bowditch, navigationwas anything but exact

27 IVAN ROGOV - EXTENDING THE SOVIETSPHERE Russia's latest addition heads for the open sea

32 ATHENS MARATHON Navy runners do well in classic endurance race

33 ALL-NAVY SAILINGCHAMPIONSHIP Last of the annual event heldat Newport, R.I.

36 A LONG, HARD STRUGGLE BACK Margie Vose and Navy medicine team upto beat the odds Page 22 39 "PEARL" TV special involves yesterday's ships, today's people

40 SURVIVOR BENEFITS First in anew series on Rights and Benefits

Departments Currents - 2; Bearings - 28; Mail Buoy - 48 Covers Front: Retired Navy Chief Folis Jones ready for another race - see page 12. Back: All-Navy Sailing at Newport, R.I., this past summer. Both front and back covers by JO1 (SS)Pete Sundberg.

Staff: Editor: John F. Coleman; News Editor: JoanneE. Dumene Associates: Richard Hosier (Layout); Michael Tuffli (Art);Edward Jenkins (Research-Acting); Elaine McNeil(Editorial Assistant)

Send mailto: All Hands, Hoffman No. 2, 200 Stovall St., Alexandria, Va. 22332. Phone: (202) 325-0495; AUTOVON 221 4495. Page 40 Message: NAVINRELACT WASHINGTON DC (PASS TO ALL HANDS) currents

Heroism and Endurance: Downed P-3 Crew Returns to U.S. 0 After an experience filled with heroism and endurance as well as sadness, the 10 surviving crew members of a P-3 Orion which ditched in the frigid waters of the North Pacific Ocean returned home to their families at Moffett Field, Calif., on Nov. 4. As a result of crucial propeller failure and multiple fires in the engines, the plane, flying out of Adak, Alaska, was forced to make a landing on the wateron Oct. 26. Lieutenant Edward Caylor, the senior surviving crew member, had high praise for the pilot, Lieutenant Commander Jerry Grigsby. “He was a brilliant pilot. Withouthis. expertise . . . there would be none of us here to talk to you today.” LCDR Grigsby was one of two crewmen who were not recovered after the ditching. Three others died during 12 hours at sea on life rafts before the survivors were rescued by a Russian trawler. The position of the downed aircraft was known by rescuers, as the men on the life rafts exchangedsignals with Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force planes flying overhead. The Russian ship, which was closest to the scene of the ditching, took the men to a Soviet port for medical attention. The crewmen returned to theU.S. by way of Japan.

Nominations Open For Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy 0 The man in the Navy’s top enlisted job - Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Robert J. Walker- is retiring next year and the Navy is looking for a new master chief. When he retires on Oct.1, Master Chief Walker will be leaving the job he has held since Sept.26, 1975. The Chief of Naval Personnel has asked commanding officers to nominate master chiefs who have performed outstanding service and have shown extra- ordinary leadership ability. Nominations must be received by the Chief of Naval Personnel by March 1, 1979. Selection will be based upon preliminary screening by the Senior/Master Chief Petty Officer Selection Board with a final screening by a special selection board. The new Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy will relieve Master Chief Walker on or about Oct. 1, 1979. Further details and application procedures are contained in BUPERSNOTE 1400 of Nov. 6, 1978. Final selection will be made by the Chief of Naval Operations. ”,:. ‘1. , ’ ’ s ._/I

r . ‘I Retention, Professionalism Among CNO Objectives 0 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Thomas B. Hayward has formulated a list of CNO objectives which reflect the relative priorities hewill pursue: 1 - Solve the retention problem 2 - Improve the use of our resources 3 - Upgrade officer and enlisted professionalism 4 - Revitalize the one-way concept by upgrading the Naval Reserve 5 - Reduce the administrative burden on operating units 6 - Capitalize on advanced technology 7 - Improve perceptions of the Navy Details are being forwarded to all flag officers, unit commanders, commanding officers and officers in charge. The OPNAV staffwill coordinate with the fleet CINCs to develop plans to accomplish these objectives.

2 ALL HANDS Four Frigates To Be Homeported in Newport 0 Four Atlantic Fleet Knox-class frigates soon will be homeported in Newport, R.I. USS Connole (FF 1056), USS Miller (FF 1091), USS Vuldez (FF 1096) and USS Cupodunno (FF 1093) will join four reserve destroyers and two minesweepers now homeported in Newport. In March, the Navy announced it would homeport four destroyers in Newport to providea support base in the Northeast while improving the dispersal of ships in the Atlantic area. These four ships were selected because they were due for a home- portchange after overhaul. The first ship to arrivein Newport will be Gzpodunno this winter. The three remaining frigates will arrive by the end of August 1979.

BOOST Program Looking For Applicants 0 Last year, approximately 85 percent of the Broadened Op- portunity for Officer Selection and Training (BOOST) graduates earned Naval Academy appointments, NROTC scholarships or acceptance to other officer programs. But this year, only a few applications have been received for the 115 BOOST seats set aside for active duty men and women. Commanding officers, especially those at recruit training commands and service schools commands, have been asked to seek out potential applicants and encourage qualified personnel to apply for the program. BOOST is a tailored study program designed to improve an individual’s academic abilities in order to better compete for appointment to the Naval Academy or selection for an NROTC scholarship. Its purpose is to give the opportunity for service as a naval officer to those men and women who possess the qualities and have the desire to become naval officers, but whose current academic record may not make them competitive. Deadline for receipt of applications for nextyear’s class is Jan. 5. More Information is contained in BUPERSNOTE 1500 of June 14, 1978.

Bronze Hammer Award WinnersAnnounced 0 Quality, ingenuity and imagination were three traits which earned four Navy activities the FY 77/7T Bronze Hammer Award recently. The award recognizes those naval activities which have made the greatest progress in improving the quality of Navy life through self-help projects. Winners are selected for their efforts to enhance theirliving quarters, personnel support, and welfare and recreation facilities. Presented in four categories, the awards are based on total enlisted allowance and the availability of a construction battalion unit (CBU) in the vicinity of the activity. Winners for FY 77/7T include Naval Station, Norfolk, Va.; Naval Security Group Activity, North- west, Cheasapeake, Va.; Naval Communication Area Master Station, WEST- PAC, Guam; and Naval Air Station, Fallon, Nev. Runners-up were: Naval Training Center, San Diego, Calif.; Naval Air Station, Alameda, Calif.; Naval Weapons Station, Charleston, S.C.; Naval Air Station, Meridian, Miss.; and Naval Security Group Activity, Winter Harbor, Maine.

Arkansas Launched 0 The nuclear-powered cruiser Arkansas (CGN 41), fourth ship to be named for that state, was launched recently in ceremonies in Newport News, Va. The ship is powered by two nuclear reactors whichwill allow it to operate at least 10years before refueling. Armament includes two multipurpose missile launchers, 5”/54-caliber guns and torpedoes. Additionally, the ship can embark helicopters.

DECEMBER 1978 What The New Sea Pay Rates Mean 0 Personnel on active duty nowreceiving sea pay will receive at least the same amount as they did under the old rates. Manywill receive more if their new rates exceed their old rates, as long as they remain eligible. The new sea pay plan describes the types of ships and the circumstances where sea pay can be paid. Personnel assigned to a category “A” ship or to a unit embarked in that ship, will receive sea pay continuously while they are attached to the ship. Category “A” ships are those most frequently under way. Personnel in category “B” ships, which are normally in home port, will receive the sea pay only when the ship is away from its home port for more than 30 consecutive days. Every- one in the Navy who qualified for the old sea pay rates, even if attached to a category “B” ship which doesn’t qualify for the new rates, can still receive the old rate for three years. Under the new plan,Navy petty officers will be paid according to cumulative years of sea duty. Petty officers with more than three years’ cumulative sea duty will receive the new higher career sea pay rates, except those in category “B” ships. For example, a petty officer with over three years’ cumulative sea duty, will receive $25 per month in fiscal year 1979. A petty officer with over sevenyears’ cumulative sea dutywill receive $35 now and $45 in FY 8 1. Petty officers with more than 12 years’ cumulative sea duty will receive $55 this fiscal year and $100 per month in FY 82. The program will be phased in over the next four years.

RADM Chambers Visits Remote Duty Stations 0 Rear Admiral Lawrence Chambers, the Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel for Enlisted Development and Distribution,visited McMurdo Station, Antarctica, recently and interviewed the Navy people of Naval Support Force, Antarctica. He met with members of Detachment ALFA, the crew of volun- teers who wintered over at McMurdo, and promised to review specific problems they encountered during the wintering over just completed. Next stop on the admiral’s itinerary was the island of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean where he checked into DiegoGarcia’s special problems. RADM Chambers will make a brief stop in Subic Bay,R.P., where he and the enlisted detailers whowill be in the area at the same timewill meet with local naval personnel. He will then fly onto NAVCOMSTA Harold E. Holt,Australia, to meet with personnel stationed at that activity and review their special problems.

COS May Advance Some Enlisted Personnel 0 Effective immediately, limited numbers of Navy men and women serving on sea duty in paygrades E-3,4 and5 may be advanced to the next higher paygrade by their commanding officer without approval from higher authority. The Command Advancement Program (CAP) is designed to reward superior enlisted performance, but will not replace the Navy examina- tion/advancement process. Although candidates do not have to take the Navy- wide advancement exams to be eligible for CAP selection, they must meetall other rating advancement eligibility requirements. Candidates must be serving on sea duty and have beenon board for at leastsix months. Personnel must be attached to one of the following: commissioned ships; aircraft squadronsless training squadrons; staffs or mobile units which embark or deploy; or isolated, mandatory unaccompanied duty overseas which counts as sea duty, such as Diego Garcia. Specific numbers of enlisted personnel authorized for advancement in the various paygrades, as well as further details are contained in NAVOP 135/78.

4 ALL HANDS New PASS System Working Out Well At Pilot Sites 0 Expert service and declining error rates are two of the improvements being reported since the new Military Pay/Personnel Administra- tive Support System (PASS) went into operation at three pilot sites in the past year. Ultimately, PASS will simplify such routine procedures as check-in and check-out, and ensure greater personnel-pay record accuracy. By centralizing pay and personnel records in one location, PASS will allow one-stop service for pay, personnel and passenger transportation business. In the first phase of the program, pilot PASS offices were established in Washington, D.C.; Norfolk, Va.; and San Diego, Calif. Based on the results and progress in the pilot offices, the decision has been made to implement PASS at shore activities Navywide.

Junior Enlisted Travel Okayed 0 A seaman, even if he has less than two years’ service, now is eligibleto ship his family and household goods to, from, or between overseas duty assign- ments at government expense. Effective Oct. 17, 1978, both single and married junior enlisted personnel (E-1 through E-4) can receive travel and transportation for their families in the same manner as more senior personnel whenas- signed overseas. In the past, junior enlisted Navy people with dependents were assigned to unaccompanied tours when transferred overseas and did not have the option to choose an accompanied tour. This option is now available. Further information on eligibility and procedures is contained in NAVOP 129178.

Dependents’ Scholarship Program Accepting Applications 0 College-age dependent sons and daughters of Navy personnel may be eligible to compete in the 1979 Dependents’ Scholarship Program. The competition is open to dependents of both active duty and former members of the Navy. Eligible dependents must be scheduled to attend college in the Fall of 1979. More than 25 scholarship programs are being offered. Scholarships are awarded by the sponsorsof the awards on the basis of scholastic merit, char- acter and financial need. The Chief of Naval Personnel accepts the applications for coordination, and provides necessary information to the awarding Navy- oriented group or association. BUPERS does not have any other role in the selection process. Deadline on receipt of applications and school transcripts by BUPERS (Pers 73 11) is March 15, 1979. Details are in BUPERS Notice 1755 of Oct. 11, 1978.

New Soviet V/STOL Aircraft Carrier in Fleet Service 0 Minsk, the second operational aircraft carrier to join the Soviet navy, has entered fleet service. Although classified by the Soviet Union as an .anti-submarine warfare cruiser, the angled flight deck permits operation of both helicopters and vertical/short takeoff or landing (V/STOL) aircraft, and gives the Soviets a tactical air support capability. 900At feet, Minsk is just 200 feet shorter than the newly commissionedUSS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) and displaces approximately40,000 t-ons. The ship is steam powered and able to attain speeds in excess of30 knots. Minsk has neither catapults nor arresting gear. The ship’s armament includes long and short range surface-to-air missiles, rapidfire medium and small caliber gun mounts, anti-submarine rocket launchers, and long range surface-to-surface anti-ship missiles.

DECEMBER 1978 It started withTeddy Roosevelt . BY J02 DAVEY MATTHEWS When John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960, he started a trend- for the pastI7 years every president has been a Navy man. Yet, strong ties between the presid- ency and the Navy existed long before Presidents Kennedy took the oathof office. Theo- dore Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navyin 1897. He served for a year then resigned to accept a commissiona as lieutenantcolonel WhoWere when Congressdeclared war against Spain.Later, as president,Teddy Roosevelt was a frequent passenger in Navy ships and employed the Navy to impress upon the rest of the world the Navy Men emergence of the U.S. asa world power. The Great WhiteFleet with its 16 first undertaking was untried, yet Roosevelt warshipsand 60,191 othercraft. In line battlewagons traveledon his orders anda group of naval officers felt it 1933, the Navy had 919 serviceable air- in 1907 over 46,000 miles “showing the would work and lobbied for its adop- planes; by the end of hostilities, we had flag.” tion. Its success is history. 34,000.Navy personnelstrength went AnotherRoosevelt was equally Throughoutthe war, Roosevelt from 96,227 in 1933 to nearly four mil- enthusiastic about astrong Navy- dreamed of active duty service. In a let- lionduring the war:3,269,670 in the FranklinDelano Rooseveltserved as terwritten by Mrs.Roosevelt during Navy;474,980 Marines;and 171,726 Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913- FDRs first of two official trips to Coast Guardsmen. 1920) underJosephus Daniels during Europe, she told a friend that Franklin And Roosevelt gave more than just the World War I years. His concerns had “. . . obtained a promise that when his services to the Navy. All four of his were more people-oriented. For exam- he was done he would be permitted to sons served in the Armed Forces, three ple, he learned that when a ship sank, return to Europe as a lieutenant com- in the Navy and one in the Marines. invariably more men died from drown- mander attached to the naval railway In the spring of 1941, a young man ing than injuries. He ordered that all battery of ]Cinch guns under Admiral fresh out of Harvard tried to sign up in midshipmen and recruits would learnto Plunkett.” the military. Hewas turneddown swim before they joined the fleet, a rul- Whoever madethe promise never because of a back injury he had received ing that stands to this day. kept it. Roosevelt finished out the war playing football. But John F. Kennedy When the submarine F-4 went down in Washington, D.C., doing what hedid was determined. After asummer of with all hands lost, Roosevelt was wor- best. strenuous exercises, Kennedy passed a ried about the effect the sinking would WhenRoosevelt became president, Navy physical and wasaccepted as a have on the moraleof the fledgling sub- he was determined that America would seaman in September 1941. marine force. To reassure the men, he have something to fight with if there was Kennedy’s military duties were rou- personally went aboard asubmarine ever another war. When he took office, tine desk jobs for more thana year. He and had the skipper take him down for the Navy had 455 ships. By 1944, our requested sea duty and, as thewar escal- several dives. Navy was the world’s largest with 1,108 ated, was assigned to patrol boat train- When America got intoWorld War I, Roosevelt tried to resign as Assistant SecNav so that he could don a uniform and get into active service. Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels was against it but took Roosevelt’s request to Presi- dentWoodrow Wilson.Roosevelt’s work in the Navy Department had not gone unnoticed. Wilson said, “Tell the young man that his only and best war service is to stay where he is.” Probably Roosevelt’s mostimpor- tant achievement was pushing through the North Sea Mine Barrage, a project which the British Admiraltydeclared impossible. The British and French had the Straits of Dover pretty well blocked offwith mines, nets andpatrols, but long-ranging U-boatswere taking the northern route, sinking one outof every four ships leaving the United Kingdom. If this exit of the North Sea could be blocked, the submarine menace would be over. To block the North Sea would mean stretchingachain of high-explosive mines 250 milesacross the exit. Suchan Left: President Frunklin D. Roosevelt und Prime Minister Winston Churchill during the Cusubluncu conference.

Right: LT John F. Kennedv

DECEMBER 1978 ing, receiving commissiona as a and food and finally effected the rescue boats would goand whenKennedy’s lieutenant (junior grade).In March of his men. boat ranout of fuel after the evacuation, 1943, he was givencommand of his own In 1945, Kennedy was presented the the other PT boat would tow him back torpedo patrolboat in the South Navy and Marine Corps medal. to base. Pacific-PT 109. There was another, lesser known PT When the PTs reached the area, they One-oh-ninewas a gasoline-engine boat episode in Kennedy’s naval career. found two landing craft (LPCRs) wait- torpedo boat, 80 feet long, with a beam He was assigned as a skipper of PT59, ing. The planwas thatthe LCPRs of 21 feet, eight inches. The 38-ton craft an 87-foot craft older than PT109 with wouldgo in to pick upthe trapped had a draft of five feet, a complementof even scantieraccommodations. On patrol, relying on the fire power of the 17, and could make 41 knots. Nov. 2, 1943,base communications PTs to hold the Japanese back from the During a patrol in the early morning received a call to help a trapped patrol. shore while the Marines boarded. All darkness of Aug. 2, 1943, PT 109 was The remnants of a Marine company- seemed to be going well until thesecond rammed and cut in two by the Japanese 87 men-were trapped on a river bank, landingcraft sprang a leak. As they destroyer Amagiri. Kennedy was at the surrounded by Japanese.Their fate moved out through an opening in the helm. dependedupon the speed with which reef and headed for the safety of the Two of the 13 men aboard were the PT boats could reach them. opensea, the LCPRtook on more killed. Kennedy personally rescued Only a few hours of daylight water, flooding theengine housing, and three crew members from the burning remained. PT59 was at the dock refuel- began to sink. Kennedy maneuvered PT water surrounding the wreckage. ing withonly 700 hundredgallons 59 between the foundering craft and the The 11 men clung to the debris for a onboard (fullcapacity was2,200 gal- nowJapanese-lined shore, and crew time, calling to their lost shipmates. lons). PT 59 had enough fuel to get to membersbegan pulling Marines Then, withKennedy towinga badly thetrapped Marines’ position at full aboard. With more than 50 passengers, burned crew member,the survivors speed, butnot nearly enough for a PT59 pulled sluggishly away, severely headed for a nearby island. roundtrip. The onlyother boat was overloaded. Kennedy delivered the They were in the water for 15 hours fully fueled, but one craft alone could Marines safely out of range to another before reaching land. Over the next few not, if needed, provide enough space forlanding craft, off-loading all of them days, Kennedy managed to secure aid 87 passengers. It was decided that both except abadly wounded corporal whom Kennedy intended to rush to a medical facility. But there wasn’t enough time- the young corporal died in Kennedy’s bunk. It was the last battle action Kennedy wouIdsee. The PT 109 collision and subsequenthours of swimming had aggravated his old back injury. He had alsocontracted malaria. Kennedy served briefly as an instructor in a PT boat training program in Miami, Fla., then was discharged from active dutyin April 1945 as a lieutenant. Atthe time of thePearl Harbor attack, Kennedy’s future vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, was already serving in Congress. One hour after voting yes to the declaration of war on Japan, the congressman from Texas requested the Navy to call him up for active duty-he had been amember of the reserve for several years, holdingthe rank of lieutenantcommander. The next day he was in uniform, the first member of the House of Representa-

Leji: CAPTF. L. Conklin, then commonder of Chelsea Novul Hospitul, presents Novy ond Murine Corps medul to LT Kennedy.

8 ALL HANDS tives to enter active duty in WW 11. himself, the president wanted to send pany the 22nd Bomb Group on a mis- His first duty assignment was to the someone whose opinion heregarded sion. Fully realizing the risks involved, staff of the Chief of the US.-New Zea- highly. LCDR Johnson received orders Johnsonand the Army officer also land command in San Francisco. But togo on a special mission forthe requested to go. Johnson’s idea of serving his country in president. Their destination was the Japanese time of war wasn’t paper shuffling. The Johnson traveled with Army and Air air base at Lae and each of the three congressman, a member of the House Forcerepresentatives to Australia to boarded a different B-26 bomber. Naval Affairs Committee and personal meet with General Douglas MacArthur Just as they were entering the target friend andprotege of President F.D. at Headquarters, Commander in Chief, area, the B-26 carrying Johnson deve- Roosevelt, used his influence “. . . to get Southwest Pacific Theater.Although loped engine trouble,lost power and fell where the fighting was.” they were given the gamut of briefings behind the main group. Pilots of Zeros Roosevelt received countless reports from operations to intelligence, includ- protecting the Japanese air base imme- on the status of our fighting forces yet ing apersonal visit with MacArthur, diately singled out the disabled plane. felt he needed personal observations on LCDRJohnson was dissatisified. He The B-26 pilot took evasive action, men, morale, equipment, supplies and had been sent to observe the war and seeking the safety of a low-lying cloud. communications. Since he couldn’t go that’s just what he wanted to do. After Butwithin seconds, eight Zeros fol- the group left headquarters to continue lowed him down. By flying low, some- LCDR L.B. Johnson ut Generul Douglas theinspection, the Air Force official times as close as 10 feet from the water MucArthur’s heudquurtersin Australiu. wasgiven theopportunity to accom- to keep the Zeros away from thevulner- able underbelly of the B-26, the pilot managed to make it back to home base. The other members of the president’s special task forcedidn’t fare as well. The plane carrying theAir Force official was badly hit by flak and Zero fire, damag- ing the landing gear. After a dramatic belly-landing, the crewwalked away unharmed. The B-26 carrying the third member of the teamwas shot downwith a loss of all hands. Later,General MacArthur asked Johnson why he took such arisk. John- son replied “. . . I’m on a mission for the president to learn all I can about this war . . . and take him back a personal report. I can’t do that sitting in headquarters.” A fewweeks later, Johnson was stricken with pneumonia. After 12 days in thehospital, he regained enough strengthto return to the states-28 pounds lighter-and report to the president. Justbefore his return, all members of Congress servingin the military were ordered to returnto their offices, ending active duty service for Johnson. Richard M. Nixon left a successful law practice in Whittier, Calif., to take part in thewar effort. Hewent to Washingtonand a $61-a-week job doing legal work in the Office of Price Administration. After afew months, he decided that, despite his Quaker back- ground, he should help more directly in the war. He received a Navy commission as a

DECEMBER 1978 9 Presidents lieutenant (junior grade) in September 1942. The following year, he was sent to the South Pacific and served on Bou- gainville, VellaLavella andGreen Islands as operations officer for aNavy air transport unit. After 15 months and twobattle stars, Nixon returned to shoreduty in the U.S., advancing to lieutenant commander by the time the war was over. Gerald R. Ford, the fourth Navy man to serve as president, joined theNavy on

into the Pacific to join the U.S. Third LT Geruld R. Ford Fleet. In the final year of heavy fighting, himselflucky-Monterey lost five of LCDR Richurd M. Nixon Monterey participated in almost every her crew members to thesea that night. major naval engagement of the South Ford served 47 months on active duty April 20, 1942. The young ensign had Pacific. Monterey also supported land- beforereturning toGrand Rapids, compiled quite an athletic recordin col- ings againstthe Japanese at the Gil- Mich., with the reserve rank of lieuten- lege and was assignedto the Navy physi- berts, Truk, Tinian-Saipan and Palau, ant commander and top marks in his cal trainingunit headedby Gene in the Philippines, and against Wake, service record.Comments in his file Tunney, the former heavyweight box- Formosa, and Okinawa; Ford earned included such observationsas ". . .excel- ing champion. He was sent to the Uni- 10 battle stars. But Ford's closest brush lent leader. . .resourceful. . steady . . .at versity of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill with death did not involve the Japanese. his best in situationsdealing directly where hundreds of aviation cadetswere A typhoon struck the Third Fleet on with people because he commanded the undergoing training in the Navy's V-5 Dec. 18, 1944. During the storm, Mon- respect of all. . . ." program. It was his job tosee that these terey caught fire. When general quarters James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr.was a cadets were in top physical condition sounded,Ford headed forthe flight midshipman on a summer cruise when before theycompleted training and deck. The ship was pitching violently, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiro- joined the fleet. sometimes rolling as much as 25 to 30 shima and Nagasaki. It was his intro- It was easyshore duty, but Ford soondegrees. As he stepped out on thedeck, duction to thepower of the atombomb. tired of it and longed to see action. He Ford lost his footing and startedsliding JimmyCarter, the first Naval requested transfer to Norfolk, Va., for toward the sea. He managed to get his Academy graduate to be elected presi- gunnery training and thenwas assigned feet in front of him and just as he was dent of the U.S., stood 59th(of820 mid- to thelight aircraft carrierUSS Monte- about to go overboard,his heels caught shipmen) in the Class of '47. After the rey (CVL 26). Within months, Monte- the slight rim surrounding the deck. He Academy, Carter served aboard experi- reysteamed southdown the Atlantic rolled over onhis stomach and dropped mental radar and gunnery ships operat- coast, through the Panama Canal and to thecatwalk below.He considered ing out of Norfolk, Va. He completed

10 ALL HANDS the required two years of surface ship During that storm, Pomfret3 radio Within a year, he had become her exec- duty, then volunteered for submarines. transmittingequipment was drowned utive officer. His first submarinewas USS Pomfret out-they could receive but not trans- In April 1952, Carter became quali- (SS 391). Hewas aboard her when- mit. WhenPomfret failed to file her fied for submarine command and was like Ford-he nearly lost his lifein a daily position report, she was reported picked upas a lieutenant. When the storm. overdue and possibly missing. The sub- Navy contracted to build prototype Batteries needed to be recharged peri- marine headed for port to make repairs atomic-powered submarines,Carter odically. Pomfret had to be on the sur- but still it was disconcerting to receive a applied for what he felt was “. . .the fin- face so the diesel engines could get air. message that said. “To all ships in the est Navy billet available to any officer of One night during a stormwhile batteries Pacific, be on the lookout for floating my rank--the development of the first were recharging, Carter was on watch debris left by submarine USS Pomfret, atomic submarines.” He was ordered to on the bridge, only 15 feet above the believed to havebeen sunk approxi- Schenectady, N.Y., as senior officer of ocean’s surface. mately 700 miles south of Midway the USS Seawo/f(SSN575). He worked Suddenly, he found himselfswim- Island.” directly for Admiral Hyman Rickover ming, his grasp wrenched from a han- After serving aboard Potnjret for two (then captain),who Carter latersaid “. . drail by giant a wave.Hewas years, Carter was promoted to lieuten- had aprofound effect on mylife- completely separated from the subma- ant (junior grade) in 1949 and attached perhaps more than anyone except my rine. When the wave receded, he landed to the Superintendent of Shipbuilding parents.” on topof the 5-inch gun mount located at Croton, Conn., as prospective engi- Carterundertook instruction to some 30 feet aft of his watch station. neering officer for theK-I, first of a new become anengineering officer fora Had the current been broadside instead class of submarines. Carter was aboard nuclear power plant and alsoassisted in of fore and aft, Carter couldhave been her when she was commissioned as USS setting up a nuclear propulsion training lost at sea. Barracuda (SSK-1) in November 1951. program for enlisted men. But, in 1953, after his father died, he resigned from the Navy to run the family’s business. “My job was the best and most promising in the Navy, andthe workwas challenging andworthwhile,” he later wrote. “The contact with ADM Rick- over alonemade it worthwhile. But after some tortuous days, I decided to resign from the Navy and come hometo Plains.” His resignation becameeffective Oct. 9, 1953, after overseven years of service. He was appointed a lieutenant in the Naval Reserve and placed on inactive duty. On Dec. 18, 1961, he transferred, at his ownrequest, tothe Retired Reserve without pay or allowances. President Kennedy once described his years in the Navy as “. . .a time of maturing.” Each ofthe Navy presidents, no matterwhat age, would probably agree. Duringthis time, many of the concepts and philosophiesthat resulted in theirlater being elected president were formed or reinforced. After they served the Navy, these men combined their military and civilian education and experiences to serve the Nation. J

Midshipmun Jumes (Jimmy) E. Curter Jr.

11 A guy who3 been there

STORY BY JO1 JERRY ATCHISON ends from spring to fall, cud-chewing lot at Christmastime: “He’s down there PHOTOS BY JOl(SS) PETE cowsgive up theircountry quiet to somewhere in the pits,” she says. SUNDBERG hundreds of roaringsports cars in Finding Folis appears ahopeless task search of the fastest way around the among the rows of cars in various stages Some people can say the word “retire- track.Sports cars-from little “ping- of assembly. But mechanics and drivers ment” and sigh at the same time. The ing” Hondas to throaty super-charged are quick tointerrupt their work to old fishing hole on a lazy summer day Corvettes-set upa roar that, when pointthe way and offer unsolicited and lots and lots of blissful peace and combined with the voices of a few thou- comments. quiet is the picture paintedby that single sand racing addicts, can only be des- “He’s over in the corner next to the word. cribed as shattering. Folis Jones is woods,” one mechanic indicates with a usually somewhere in the middle of it spark plug wrench. “Tell him my sus- When Folis Jones retired fromthe all. pension’s going to take the race away Navy asa Senior Chief Machinist’s A woman waves towardan area from him this time.” Mate afew years ago, he, too, had made resembling a shopping center parking “That’s his camper right there,” says a plansfor retirement-but the fishing driver clad in flame retardant suit and hole wasn’t part of those plans. brandishing a quart of root beer. “Tell This ninth grade dropout went back him I said ‘Good luck and thanks forthe to school, earned bachelor’s and mas- gearbox part.’ ” ter’s degrees in clinical psychology, got Two long-haul family campers, one a job counseling youthful offenders of of thembearing FolisJones Racing the Norfolk area juvenile courtsand- Chesapeake, Vu., on the side, bracket a oh yeah-became a champion race car bright yellow car so low it appears to be driver in his spare time. melting into the ground. A half-dozen This man who calls himself “a dirty people with very seriousexpressions old submarinesailor” is aprobation move over and around the car. After officer for kids in trouble, drives a 145- quick introductions the sourceof those mph-plusformula “B” race car to expressions comes out: facing an entire checkered flags and serves as his own weekendof races (that Folis, by the best example of how important he way, is accustomed to winning) the low- believes education to be.He also slung yellow car is justnot running believes that the Navy helped make him Tight. Something’s wrong, and time to that way. fix it is running out. Folis, his wife, son and friends who **** form his pit crew, interrupt talk of gear ratios and fuel lines to cordially greet The twomiles of Summit PointRace- visitors while continuing tofocus on the way irregularly curve and dip around troublesome little car. the foothills of West Virginia’s Appal- The visitors, who’ve notgraduated achianmountains. On various week- Folk and E‘velyrz. Jmes at home in 19 72. beyond changing the oil in the family

12 ALL HANDS Below: Folis swears that he couldn’t winunless his lucky mutt, Two-Spot,accompanied him to every race. Right: Folis is as interested in helping troubled juveniles as he is in winning races. Below: Wife Evelyn wishes Folis luck. 1

I Folis Jones

car, shy away when invited to roll up their sleeves and pitch in. Instead, they decide to talk that eveningafter car “fixin’ and racin’ ” have ended for the day. Backin the pits that evening, the noise dies as the sun sets. People who’ve appeared tied to their sports cars since they pulled into the pits now begin to driftamong campsites. It’s obvious weekend sportscar racingbrings together a lot of friendswho may be separated by hundreds of miles during the week but show up at the samerace tracks on the weekends. The Folis Jones site is no exception. Without asking, one knows the ailing car is fixed and ready for the coming races. A relaxed group of people still sit. around the car, but now they virtually ignore it. Nothing more can be done, the caris fixed, perfect weather is forecast for the weekend and the group is surrounded by friendly people whoshare their enjoyment in sports car racing. Sitting across from Folis Jones you conclude that if ever a,’manwere to be put togetherby committee, he would be the result. The parts fit...but then they don’t. A tense, sinewy body clashes with a wide-open smile topped with laugh- crinkled eyes. His backwoods, molasses accentvoices down-home country humor and sophisticated learning with equal ease. He is at once handshake and clout on the head, dirty laborer and fas- I tidious professional all wrapped into a short package who’s anxious to get on with it. He talks of the longtrip frombeing a trouble-making tough kid who dropped out of ninth grade to the success he is today. And he makes sure the listener understands that theU.S. Navy was the bridge between the two for him. He met Navy people who pushed him and learned Navy jobs that made him think. For example: “After I got kicked out of school, I bummed around a bit, delivered for a drugstore for ayear and then went into the Navy,” he says. “Like most kids I didn’t really know what I wanted to do but I’d seen a lotof John Wayne movies, thought it was a neat idea and volun-

14 Y

Far left: Like squires preparing their knightfor battle,Folis’ pit crew ensures everything is in order for the race. Left: Racing is more than maneuvering apowerful machine to a checkered flag - there are many hours of preparation involved. Below: Taking the checkered flag is Folis’ style of vnrina Folis Jones teered for the submarine force. deriefound among submariners and race. They’ll help you any way they “After about five years in the Navy I how much of that same sense of belong- can-and that’s a mighty big attraction didn’t even have a GED (General Edu- ing brought him into racing. for me.” cation Development-high school equi- It’s a camaraderie foundbetween him Coming back to the pit crew Folis has valency certificate).One night this and hispit crew: “The real beauty is put together, you learnhe’s not severed commander 1 worked for said, ‘Folis, working very hard with a groupof peo- his ties with the Navy but has recruited a you’ve gotsome college don’t you? ple who share your love for cars. Being bunch of skilled Navy mechanics and When I told him I was a ninth grade personally involved with a car and not machinists who love to work on cars. dropout he made me go take the GED just watching the racemakes all the dif- Thesesailors plus his wife Evelyn test and that sort of started things. ference in the world. So when 1 take the (“She’s the gear box expert.”) and 16- “He used to go to the races with me car out on the track,it’s not my car but year-old son Chip (“He’s got the align- and one night we were sitting around our car because youcan’t work on a ment down pat.”) form the nucleus of talking justlike we are now and he says, crew andnot have apersonal invest- the pit crew that wins the races. ‘If you don’t go to college, I think it’s ment in it.” Folis entry into the world of sports going to be a waste. You’ve gotthe It’s alsothe camaraderie found car racing came in 1958 when an “old potential, use it.’ ” among racers: “I come back week after English guy I knew down in Memphis Folis knew he had the potential but week mainly because of thefantastic invited me along to theraces oneweek- he was just toobusy having funas a sub people involved in sportscar racing. end. ‘I knew my way around street sailor to do anything about it. He was These people made the first and most automobiles but sports carracing to me too busy, that is, until shortly beforehe lastingimpression. Competitors will was somethingexotic that only rich retired. lend you any partthey’ve got so you can people did.” “Just before 1 got out I went over to Virginia Wesleyan college in Norfolk and talked to the registrar. I wasn’t too sure about allthis but I thought I’d check it out. “After I told the registrarabout being a dropout and justhaving ahigh school GED, he says to me, ‘Folis, tell you what, if you want to go to college at the age of 37, if you have faith in us, we’ll have faith in you.’ “And you know, it wasjust fantastic! I did my four years in three and was graduated with honors and then went on to graduate school in psychology at Radford College in Virginia.” Folis’ push into educationserved him well. But, so, too, did some of the les- sqns he learned as a submarine sailor. One of thefirst lessons asub sailor learns-attention to the smallest detail can be the difference between life and death-came back to haunthim after he left the Navy. “I crashed my racecar last year,” Folis says matter-of-factly.“I was doing about I00 mph when I hit a barrier. I thought I’d demolished the car and the people watching thought I’d broke my neck. Neither was truebut the right frontsuspension had broken. And it broke because I hadn’t checked it like I should. It was entirely my fault and I remembered that lesson well.’’ Folis went on to talk of the camara-

16 So a skeptical Foliswent to the races sters he works with asa probation “I used to sit on the boat and listento that weekend and worked with the p’it officer of the Chesapeake(Va.) Juvenile fellows say, “We I was in college one crew. “We worked real hard that week- andDomestic Relations Court. He time but I got tired and left.’ end and when it was all over my friend knows “his kids” can lick their prob- “I know alot of them never went back comes to me and says, ‘I like the way lems with home, the school and court to college. So Wesleyan College asked you worked and fit in with everybody. because he’s done the same. me to go and talk to some of these sail- Why don’t you go with us again.’ ” “For a lot of kids, the trouble is not ors and get them to return to college. Folis went again ...and again. He’d with them but with their families. They Maybe I can be some kind of model: the been bitten by the racing bug but didn‘t get kicked out on the streetwhen they’re guy who came in with a ninth grade edu- aspire to be adriver. Hewas happy seven years old and have to fend for cation and graduated with honors. working with the pit crew and seeing themselves. “In turn, maybe some of these sailors “our” car, driven by someone else, go “I’m sensitive tothat because will say, ‘If they can take a greasy sub- out and win races. although I came out of a good home, 1 marinesailor like him and do that “But oneweekend we were up in Ten- had no father around tobe with or work maybe there’s hope for all of us.’ ” he nessee and this guy asked me if I’d like with and that’s what some of these kids said. to take his car out forfive laps. ‘Take it need. Folis leans back in his lawn chair and nice and easy,’ he says. “SO when I’d get in trouble in school, tries to cover ayawn with a broadsmile. “When I came in he says to me, ‘Folis, people would always talk down to me. It’s late and thenext daysare tobe filled you’ve got a natural flair for racing.You They wouldn’t try to get down to the with as much racing activity as this day turned some real respectable laps even kids’ level and work with them. In my has seen. Referring to his work again though you weren’t pushing it.’ ” case it was simply a matter of nobody and thensensing he’s perhaps gotten too His first race car cameby way of a girl ever having sat down with me and ask- serious, Folis points into the darkness friend who’d blown the engine on her ing, ‘Folis, what’s the matter? ’’ toward the race track and says, -Aw, MG. “I jokingly told her we’d make a Because of that, Folissays he did a lot what the heck. I’m having agreat time. I race car out of it,” he says. “The next of growing up in the Navy. And a lot of just want to go out and play like every- day she brought the title over and said, thatgrowing up was done because, one else.” ‘Do it,’ so I did.” finally,someone did want to know That weekend, Folis wenton to In short order he went from MGs to “What’s the matter?“ “play” his way to a checkered flag and “six or seven Formula V cars,” to a Folis also talks of counseling sailors thechampionship. Not bad for “a high-powered FormulaFord he built these days in what little spare timeis left greasy sub sailor.” .L from the ground up. He learned that if to him. he didthe work himself, tappedthe expertise of his Navyand racing friends, and counted his pennies, racing was a sport he could afford. He also credits his family with making racing an affordable hobby. “Both mywife and I work so we get by. In addition, she’sbeen very supportive. For example, she told me the other day we’re going to have to plunk down $180 for a part the car needs. But she wasn’t complaining-she’s into racingas much as I am.” But racing is not his whole life and Folis grows more animated as he talks of “his kids” who are in trouble in Norfolk. “I’m really lucky,” he says. “1 did my Master’s thesis on adolescent detention homes. Thateducation, coupled with my 20 years in the Navy, means I’m able to draw from both worlds in working with the courts in a big Navy town. Folis is an optimistic fellow and that optimism seems justified. It’s also atrait he tries to instill in the troubled young-

DECEMBER 1978 Foreign Military Training

, It’s a~.:1. ” two-way.. street Back in 1854, when Commodore Per- countryreceiving U.S. military pay not only for the equipment, but for ry’s coal-burning ships first sailed into technology-the most advanced in the thetraining of theirpeople and all Japanesewaters, the local residents world-is going to reap some obvious administrative costs. thought an entire fleet of ships had rewards. But what manydon’t realize is Countries purchasing military tech- caught fire. that very real benefits accrue to the Uni- nology also help fund such initial costs But 11 years later, thenovelty of ships ted States as well. as those forresearch and development, that moved without sails had worn off. Take one aspect of the International procurement and logistic support. Japan had her first steam warship and Security Assistance Program-Foreign The sale of military equipment to our the United States was sharing her mil- Military Sales(FMS). Thisis a program friends and allies is primarilyadvan- itarytechnology and expertisewith where Uncle Sam replies to requests €or tageous from a broad, military point of friends around the world. sale of sophisticated weapons systems, view. It increases thecapabilities of Today, the 20th century version of technologiesand training from coun- nations friendly to the U.S. and thus America’smilitary developments tries friendly to the U.S. (consistent, of strengthens the overall defense posture continues that tradition of helping the course, withAmerica’s own needs to of the free world. Foreign Military Sales also provides

sister services the previously mentioned armed forces of countries friendly with Perry arrives in Japan aboard coal-burning benefits. But for some Navy men and ships never before seen by the Japanese. the United States. (Note smokestacks between ships”masts.) women,there is an added benefit of Under the umbrella of the Interna- working with and teaching foreignsail- tionalSecurity Assistance Program, ensure the security andwell-being of her ors who come to the United States to the U.S. Navy is doing its part to sup- people). learnthe technology ofsystems their port the president’s call to “utilize arms Public law requires that no costs to countries have boughtfrom the U.S. transfers to promote our security and the U.S. Government are involved as a The result is a challenging and reward- the security of our friends.” result of FMS. Accordingly, the nations ing program that enables visiting mil- Now it’s pretty easy to see that a that buy U.S. military technology must itary studentsto gain greaterknowledge

18 ALL HANDS of the American peopleand their demo- cratic system of government while learningsome of the most advanced technologies in use today. When foreign sailors complete their training in the United States, they take not only newly learned technical skills back to their respective navies, buta personal and candid view of life in the United States as well-all courtesy of the U.S. Navy. Before examiningthe rewards of helping people learn about lifein the U.S., though,one must consider the main reason for bringingthese sailors to the U.S.: training. U.S. Navy sailors spend a lot of time in Navy and company-related schools. It makes sense because they are members of themost technologically advanced Navyin theworld. We all know why we attend these schools, but

Right:Iranian studentsreceive electronics training atNTC, San Diego.Below: An Italian Navy Lieutenant discusses amphibious operations with a Marine Corps major. Foreign Military Training what about that fellow classmate in the complementschool instruction and with the U.S. Navy to provideboot uniform of Canada, or Norway or a gainingadditional knowledgebefore camp training for its recruits. And Iran score of othercountries? Who is he, attending the advanced courses. Since is sendingentire crews to the US.- what’s he doing here and why? the world’s naviesare pursuing a course fromseaman recruit to captain-to We’ve already explained that FMS is of technological catch-up with theUS. learn to operatetheir recently pur- one reason students from other navies Navy, they do not share the luxury of chasedDD-993-class destroyers,their attend U.S. Navy schools. What type of time: time to teach, reinforce that teach- version of the Spruance-class DDs. sailor, though, is this other classmate? ing through experience and then furnish The training they receive is developed A bit of insight comes to those who advanced skills. Along with all the other and administered by the Chief of Naval understand that no matter where this pressures, academic heat is applied to Education and Training, the Chiefof classmate comes from, his homeland those who must learn more, learn it fas- Naval Technical Training, and theFleet directs thattraining in the United ter and learn it in a new language. Commanders in cooperation with the States, wherever possible, be granted However, some foreign sailors who requestingcountry and the Security only to the most capable learner. come to U.S. Navy training activities AssistanceDivision (OP-63) of the This is so (with a few exceptions that are untried and untested. Indeed, they Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. areexplained later) for two reasons. may have never even seen a ship. Saudi While attending U.S. Navy schools, First is thefact that foreign govern- Arabia,for example, has contracted foreign studentsare assisted by both ments, as previously noted, pay for all aspects of their sailor’s training. For many, this expense is much more than would be spent for training the average sailor at home. The secondreason, though, makes this expense more palat- I able. TheUS.-trained sailor is often expected not only to operate and maintain theequipment once he returns home, but also to teachand pass on thosesame intricate technical procedures. Because of this, the U.S. Navy sailor might be surprised to learn that his foreign classmate: 0 Was carefully screened by his parent service and was assigned on the basis of experience, maturity and demonstrated aptitude to learn the information being I

20 I U.S. Navy and homeland liaison people navies-are absorbing intimate insights memories are intangible benefits. These either physically presenton base or of a country andits Navy that they may can’t be measured, weighed or catego- readily available to help fromtheir some day fight alongside of as allies-or rizedby cost-effectiveness. They’re major command locations. These liai- mutually support. grouped right up there with happiness son people help the foreign sailor get Each U.S. Navy command sets up its and all those other things money can’t settled into his temporary home while own information program for foreign buy. answering basic questions that range students depending upon the numberof That’s why it is a benefit of Foreign from “Where’s my next class?”to “Why students and the countries represented. Military Sales that defies measurement do Americans drive on thewrong side of Each program is governed by the desire while perhaps making the strongestcase the road?” to see the foreign sailor receive a warm for the importance of such programs. While integrating the foreignstudent reception in the United States and the Call it putting the cherry on the FMS into existing U.S. Navy trainingpro- hospitality-andhelp-Americans sundae if you will,but don’t expect “life- grams is the most economical and effi- pride themselves in rendering. time friendships andmemories” to show cient method of training,unique These informationprograms may upon the bookkeeper’s ledger. More training or security requirements may include such things as acclimatization likely it willbe found in the“Thank sometimes mean developingseparate courses, field trips, special lectures and yous” voiced in a score of different lan- foreign trainingcourses. These, too, are seminars,cultural and sports events, guages (accented, yes) from U.S.- developed and administered in the same representational functions, or any com- trained foreign sailors around the manner with the foreign government’s bination of events. For many foreign world. .I, review and approval. sailors, though, the real rewards come Foreign students are not subject to from the friendships they developin the the Uniform Code of Military Justice States and the memories they takeback (UCMJ) since each country has its own An Imnian Chief Petty Officer works on equip- to their homelands. ment in a teletype repair classat NTC, San set of professional and ethicalstandards As everyone knows, friendships and Diego, Calif: by which they must abide. Theyare still accountable for their behavior andper- formance while undergoing training in the United States. To this end, mutually agreeable policies are worked out with eachparticipating country so asto ensure thebest interests of both theU.S. and the students. Uniform standards vary. These, too, are udied so as to set foreign student stand.a rds thatneither conflict with, nor reflect unfavorably upon, either country’sideas ofproper unifQrm appearance. Conduct and uniforms notwithstand- ing, foreign countries wouldbe hard- pressed to duplicatethe levelof sophisticated training provided at U.S. Navy schools by U.S. Navy instructors. And it would be impossible to duplicate the people,places and, even beliefs, that make up life in America to which these foreign sailorshave been exposed. Indeed,throughout the United States, the Navy is making sure foreign trainees get a chance at that intangible benefit of FMS: an active appreciation of Americanpeople and their ideals. This is in addition, of course, to their military training. Foreign trainees-actually the future leaders and shapers of their respective

DECEMBER 1978 Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch Salem’s Arithmetic Sailor BY JO1 DAN WHEELER

No 19th century seaman walked the When Bowditch was IO, his mother hours or more daily left Bowditch little dustyroad to port and signed on a died leaving his father Habakkuk with time for normal pleasures of youth, yet square-rigger without bringing three seven mouths to feed and not enough he managed to pursue what he enjoyed essentials: a sharp knife, paira of time nor money to accomplish the task. most. It was said that Bowditch “spent woolen socks forrounding the Horn, Some of the children were farmed out to every spare moment ... in some cornerof and his Bowditch tucked safelyin his relatives,but Nathaniel was the chandlery studying.” seabag. The knife could lose its edge, the apprenticed to “Ropesand Hodges, Libraries were rare, even in homes of socks wouldwear out, but The New Chandlers,”who paid littlebut the wealthy, and reading was not AmericanPractical Navigator-his provided room and board. Working 12 considered a skillnecessary forthe Bowditch-would never fail. It could guide him to thefar-flung reaches of the earth and bring him home again from across trackless oceans. Within itscovers was a lifetime of sea sense written in concise prose. It addressed every subject of interest to the mannerfrom tides to trigonometry. The Bowditch covered square-rigger maneuversand commands for their accomplishment. It contained sections on astronomy, geometry, decimals and fractions.Starting with simple arithmetic, the “seaman’s bible” guided readerspatiently into the calculus of navigation with numerousexcursions intogeography, mensuration and surveying. When sailora read his Bowditch, he was sitting at the feet of the master. The Early Years Nathaniel Bowditch was born March 26, 1773, in Salem, Mass., the son of a poorcooper (barrel maker) and the fourth of seven children. He had little formal education-a few months in the Danver,Mass., “dame school,” three years under the tutelageof Mr. Watson of Salem,and two months of bookkeepinginstruction fromMr. Walsh.

This portrait of Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch by Marcia Oakes Woodbury shows the “arithmetic sailor” in his later years. (Photo courtesy of Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.)

22 ALL HANDS majority. Salem,however, had bought a developed a seriousinterest in greatest mathematical minds of the day. well-stocked libraryfrom Beverly, navigationand astronomy and was At first, Bowditch tried to understand Mass., privateers who had “liberated” it already a scholar in both. His interests, the book by toying with thevarious from an English vessel sailing the Irish however,weren’t limited to scientific formulas. Failing at this, he began to Sea. Placed at Bowditch’s disposal by andtechnical subjects. He was teachhimself Latin so he could read its custodian, Salem’s Philosophical conversant on Shakespeareand the Newton’s notes. Fouryears later, Library (considered second only to the Bible and had read the four volumes of Bowditchnot only had read Principia one in Philadelphia)became the Chamber’s Encyclopedia from cover to Mathernatica, but also had found and teenager’s schoolroom. Risingbefore cover. Having aremarkably retentive corrected an error in it! d.awn Bowditch went to Judge Roper’s memory (except for names and faces), Realizing, then,that the key to home and studied and copied articles Bowditch often astounded friends with unlocking the world’s secrets lay, at and books which interested him. In the his wide range of knowledge and made least in part, in understandingthe evenings, he returned for a few hours no effort to conceal the extent ofhis world’slanguages, Bowditch began more. scholarship-a trait whichwas to teaching himself othertongues. He By the time he was 14, Bowditch had alienate acquaintances all his life. purchaseda New Testament in the Probablythegreatest stride in language he desired tolearn and a The inside front cover of The New American Bowditch’s educationcame when dictionary of the language or dialect if it Practical Navigator as it appeared in the first edition printed in 1802. It contained only 593 ReverendWilliam Bently lent him a were available (many weren’t). So pages compared to the most recent edition’s Latin-language copy of SirIsaac armed,Bowditch translated the 2,100 pages. (Photo courtesy of The Peabody Newton’s Principia Mathematica, the scriptures, paying close attention to Museum Salem, Mass.) contents whichof challenged the vocabularyand syntax (but none to

DECEMBER 1978 23 Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch

pronunciation; in fact, it wasn’t until work forSamuel C. Ward,another faith in paper and pencil instead of the years later that he realized that each chandler. By then, hehad thoroughly look of the ocean, the feel of the wind languagehas itsown unique versedhimself in navigation and andtheir seaman’seye. To trust pronunciation key). By the time his astronomy through 10 years’ intensive anythingbut practical experience, to translation was completed, he knew the study. Late in the summer of 1794-his their minds, was a surepassage to Davy written language. apprenticeships completed-Bowditch Jones’s locker. It has been said that Bowditch taught signed on as captain’s clerk on a Salem Celestial navigation was nota new himself at least 50 languages and merchantman owned by Elias Hasket concept. What was new was Bowditch’s dialects in this manner. At his death, Derby and commanded by Captain contention that one could fix a position more than 50 foreign and 100 English Henry Prince, a masterof some renown on theopen sea by relying solely on language dictionaries were found in his and an old family friend. formulas,tables and charts. No library-silent testimony to his love of Though Bowditch, a frail youth with chronometer in use atthat timewas languagesand his insistence on using a family history of TB, was hardly reliable enough for use at sea. themost exact words to convey his considered seaman material, Princewas Any mariner with good instruments thoughts. eager to learn thore about the youth’s and a cursoryknowledge of math could As a diversion, Bowditch learned to controversialtheories on navigation. determine his ship’s position north or play theflute and,for a short time, Bowditch-never one to keep his south of the equator. No mariner had performed in a small musical group. He thoughtshimself-outspokenlyto founda foolproof way to determine gave it up, however, as a“frivolous believed marinerscould navigate longitude, his position east or west of waste of time.” Time was extremely precisely by placing their faith in the the primemeridian at Greenwich, importanttothe young scholar; unvarying stars. By so doing, Bowditch England. Being able to fix an exact obviously so, since all Bowditch learned said, masters could guide their shipsto position at sea would shorten voyages about thesciences and math,he learned or from any land bounded by the sea; by months, even years. in his spare time away from the job. moreover,they could fix their exact In the winter of 1795, en route to the position at any time under way. East Indies, Bowditch made a concise, Bowditch Goes To Sea Seasonedmariners scoffed at this but significant, entryin his personal log: heresy. They had seen barnacled wrecks “. . .Thursday,thought of methodof Ropesand Hodges went out of hardaground, placed there by making lunar observations.” business in 1792, and Bowditch went to arithmeticsailors whohad puttheir By means of threeconsecutive observations of the moon and a fixed star(the sun), Bowditchwas able to calculate the angular distance between Sextant used by Dr. Bowditch during his them.From that calculation, he voyages in Astrea and Putnam. (Photo courtesy of The Peabody Museum) determinedthe Greenwich timefrom the NauticalAlmanac, a work publishedannually by the Commissioners of Longitude in London.Then, using computed Greenwich time, he was able to fix the ship’s exact position. For the first time,an accurate method of fixing longitude hadbeen devised. BeforeBowditch turned his vast mathematicalgenius to navigation, there wasno certain wayof knowing what lay beyond the horizon. He had placed the world in the able hands of men who heeded the call of deep water. (Around 1800, anaccurate chronometer was invented, but its price placed it out of the reach of virtually all mariners. Bowitch’s method of fixing longitude is nolonger used since modernchronometers do the job quickerand aretoday aided by all manner of electronicgear. Still, his

24 ALL HANDS discovery was of enormous importance by Nathaniel Bowditch. Blunt agreed. voyage,Bowditch remained onshore to the world’s 19th century navigators). Bowditchbegan his fourth voyage, writing his book.Distraught by John HamiltonMoore, an English again as supercargo,under Captain Moore’s grievous errors and the dam- chartseller, hydrographer and Prince on July 23,1799,. this time en age theyhad done to thescientific image navigationteacher, hadcompiled a route to Manila. Bowditch divided his and determined that his book would be navigationtext whichwas used by time between charting his vessel’s (the error free, Bowditch calculated every mariners during the late 1700s. Though Astrea) course and reworking Moore’s figure in his tables three times. no volume could be error-free, Moore’s tables. During thevoyage, it occurred to The Practical Navigator was considered Bowditch that all of his computations, The Seaman’s Bible generally reliable. charts and tableswould be worthless to During Bowditch’s second voyage- mariners unless each would be able to The first edition of The New Ameri- this time as supercargo, again under the understand and use them. can PracticalNavigator, published in command of Captain Prince-he kept To this end, Bowditch began holding June 1802, contained 593 pages (small meticulousrecords ofcelestial school call under way and refined his compared to the 1977 edition published observationsand fixes andcompared writing technique by refining his teach- by the U.S. Hydrographic Office and them to Moore’s computations. To ing techniques. He chalked diagramson containing 2,100 pages). It was not an Bowditch’s astonishment,Moore’s the holystoned decks of Astrea until overnight success. Though it wasimme- calculations were frequently inaccurate, every sailor from cabin boy to captain diately recognized by scholars as a land- with someerrors so serious that a could use his tables and a sextant pre- markwork andHarvard University marinercould easily find himself as cisely. He refined his instruments to the awarded Bowditch a master’s degree many as miles23 offcourse-a point that the most uneducated seamenand later a doctorate, The New Ameri- dangerousdeviation, especially near could takeaccurate fixes aftera few can Practical Navigator was ignored by jutting coasts. hours’ instruction. the community for which it had been Newsof Bowditch’sdiscovery of Drawing on teaching techniques he written-mariners. They regarded it as Moore’s errors waswidespread and saw to be effective, Bowditch put down yet anotherhodgepodge of scholarly came to the attentionof Edmund Blunt in precise andsimple language the mumbo jumbo writtenby an arithmetic of Newburyport, Mass.Blunt had methods he had devisedfortaking bear- sailor with no sea sense. published an American edition of The ings, calculating distances, speeds and Realizing no immediate profit from Practical Navigator previously and other datavital to mariners. Inshort, he his work and having a family to sup- intended to publish a second edition in began to compilea bible forseamen port, Bowditch eitherbought into or 1798. When he heard of the errors, he whichincluded everything menknew was given a share of the merchant ship asked for a conference with Bowditch. about ships and the sea up to thattime. Putnam. Sailing for the fifth and last Bowditchagreed maketo some Astrea reached Manila in the record time, Captain Bowditch set out in Put- corrections for the second edition and time of six months, 23 days. It was con- nam for a tradingmission to Sumatra’s to write a thoroughly correctedversion ceded that there “was more knowledge Pepper Islands. on an upcoming voyage. of navigation on board that ship than Returning Putnam to New England onChristmas Eve,1803, Bowditch Moore’s 8,000 Mistakes there was on allthe vessels that ever floated in Manila Bay.” found himself in a blinding northeaster, During Bowditch’s third voyage, Captain Prince said that each one of typical of the weather he had encoun- however, he discovered that The Prac- his men could take a lunar sighting and tered for much of his voyage up the tical Navigator contained so many er- work up a position “aswell as Sir Isaac American coast. No observations had rors-more than 8,000-that a revision Newton himself, were he alive.” Astrea been possible for two or three days but, was impractical. Every table had to be was back to Salem 14 months afterget- accordingtoone contemporary recomputed and the book entirely re- tingunder way, havingcompleted a written. Bowditch proposed to Blunt voyagewhich usually took three or This telescope, once owned by Bowditch, was that a new volume be written from made in England around 1770. The mahogany more years using conventional naviga- tube measures 25-314 inches closed and 32-314 scratchand that it be entitled The tional methods. inches fully extended. (Photo courtesyof The New AmericanPractical Navigator, For two years following his fourth Peabody Museum)

DECEMBER 1978 25 Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch account, “the old man drove along asif shy about talking in front of assemblies. oak with masts of Georgiapine flew it were noonday.” A single break in the He consented, however, to teach indi- their flags at half-mast. Cadets at the storm afforded the opportunity to take viduals he deemed promising. United States Naval School in Philadel- a lunar sighting and Bowditch docked In 18 18, Bowditchwas chosena phia worebadges of mourningand his ship without a thump. member of the Royal Society of Lon- mariners everywhere lamented thepass- Putnam’s trading missionhad been don and Edinburgh andwas enrolled on ing of a good and trusted shipmate. successful, butmore than that, Bow- the list of the Royal Irish Academy. He Salem’s ‘irascible littlearithmetic ditch had proved the worth of The New was made an associate of the Astronom- sailor waseulogized by the Boston American Practical Navigator. From ical Society of London, the Academies Marine Society in these words: “As an then on,the “Bowditch method” of of Berlin and Palermo, and, at thetime astronomer,a mathematician, and a navigation-precise and by the stars- of his death, hewas being chosena navigator himself, a friendand benefac- was widely taught and continues to be member of theNational Institute of tor has he been to the navigator and the taught to this day. To a large extent, France. seaman and few can so justly appreciate Bowditch made possible the greatage of In 1824, Bowditchleft Salem and the excellence and utility of his labors, American shipping by teaching seafar- moved to Boston where he headed two as the members of this society. . . His ers how to find their way. large insurance companies, one marine intuitive mind soughtand amassed Inrecognition of his accomplish- andthe other life. In 1838, Bowditch knowledge to impart it to the world in ments, Harvard University, the Univer- became seriously ill and was confinedto more easy forms. . . As iong as ships sity of Virginia and the U.S. Military his home where he spent his remaining shall sail, the needle points to the north, Academy at West Point offered Bow- days. and the stars go through their wonted ditchprofessorships in mathematics. OnMarch 16,1838-the dayDr. courses in the heavens, thename of Each of these he refused because he was Nathaniel Bowditch died-ships of live Doctor Bowditch will be revered.”

This America11 made quadrant (about 1792) was used by Bowditch. He designed and con- structed it at the age of 13. (Photo courtesv of

26 ALL HANDS Ivan Rogov - Extending the Soviet Sphere

Ivan Rogov, newest of theSoviet landingcra ft. Eachone of theseair- The constructionof the ship indicates navy’s amphibiouswarfare ships, cushioned craft can hold about a pla- thecontinuation of thetrend in the recently was seen operating in the Baltic toon of naval infantry and make rapid Soviet navy to growfrom a coastal Sea. Believed to be the first of several landings at speeds in execess of45 miles- defense force to a first class blue water such ships, it is the largest amphibious per-hour. Naval infantry,the Soviet navy. The new ship is expected to ship ever built by the Soviet Union. navy’s version of our Marine Corps,is a remain in the Atlantic area. However, The new ship, comparable to a US. small mechanized force equipped with as additional ships are built, it is likely Navy amphibioustransport dock tracked and wheeled amphibious vehi- that somewill be assigned to thePacific (LPD),has bow doors,a sterngate cles, including tanks and armored per- fleet. affixed to what is believedto be a flood- sonnel carriers. Continuedproduction of the Ivan able well deck, and a helicopter storage The size of Ivan Rogov, with its Rogov class, along with other Soviet and landing area above the well deck. increased assault lift capacity, gives it a naval developments, will significantly Ivan Rogov isbelieved capableof fargreater capability forlong range increase future Sovietamphibious carrying conventional landing craft or amphibiousoperations than other capabilities. .I, about threeair-cushioned personnel Soviet amphibious ships.

DECEMBER 1978 27 .. . methods of handlingcontainerized days when tonsorial techniciansworked Weekend Drills Vary cargo. In the event of a national emer- the boomtowns of the old West. gency, the reservists may have to use Members of Naval Reserve Com- Fromthe East Coast to the mid- similarfacilities throughout the pany,Headquarters 119, fromLong Pacific, the Naval Reserve is maintain- country. Beach, Calif., three dental officers and ing preparedness, making sureit will be *** four enlisted technicians visited Hawaii ready if called. fortwo weeksof active duty.They Naval reservisits in Maryland aredis- Meanwhile, sailors visiting the barber trained at PearlHarbor Naval Base, covering their weekly drills donot shop at Hawaii’s Pacific Fleet Missile Naval Air Station BarbersPoint and always mean classrooms with training Range Facility (PMRF)at Barking PMRF Barking Sands. lectures, charts and graphs, atleast not Sands, Kauai, lookingfor a shave and a *** for the members of the Military Sealift haircut were in for a surprise. Command Headquarters Unit Detach- Underthe familiar red and white Farout in the Pacific, four NRF ment 206. Ledby CaptainDonald striped barberpole, Navy personnel and units, USS Hummer (DD 718), USS Lynne, the reservists recently toured the their dependents were attended by per- Higbee (DD 806), USS Paul Revere Bethlehem Steel Corporation’sship- sonnel who were more interested in (LPA, 248)-all units of Destroyer building facility at SparrowsPoint, teeth than in hair. Squadron 37-and one unit from Des- Md., and the Dundalk Marine Termi- It was the first time naval reservisits troyer Squadron 27, USS Carpenter nal in Baltimore, Md.,for their drill in dental specialties gave examinations, (DD 825), were participatingin an weekend. dental hygiene seminars, fluoride treat- intensive Third Fleet training exercise. The visits exposed themembers to mknts, and the like in a barber shop, a Called Comptuex 2-78, the exercise was modernshipbuilding techniques and practice practically unheard of since the designed to enhance overall unit training and readiness. It involved 13 ships and 4,500 personnel, 600 of whom were naval reservisits. Comptuex 2-78 was the first opportunity in four years for NRF units to participate in mid-Pacific training.

bft: Members of Military Seal$ Command Detachment 206 are briefed on managing military cargoes at Dundalk Marine Terminal.

High Lift

Many people look at a Navy helicopter and that’s all they see-a helicopter and nothingmore. However,when Navy designers and engineers examine a “whirlybird,” they see thousands of intricate component parts, anyof which might be a candidate for improvement. That was theconsensus in thelate 1960swhen Navy designers took a closer look at helicopter rotor blades and decided they could design better

28 ALL HANDS ones. The result of subsequent research rounded edges until it reaches’the lower was the circulation control (CC) rotor, surfaces,thuscreating high lift. ‘Express’ Re-up The new rotor is a simplier, lighter developed during the courseof 10 years’ With a few last minute hand raising and smaller substitutefor rotors now in studyand testing at the DavidW. ceremonies and careful calculations, the Taylor Naval ShipR&D Center inuse. Though easier to maintain and less combatstores ship USS White Plains Carderock, Md. complex,Carderock, Md. it offers increased flight (AFS 4) hoisted her Bravo Zulu flags The CC rotor is mechanically driven performance. Attached to a Navy H-2 proclaiming to the fleet a 75 percent first and has relatively thick, hingeless twin-engine helicopterduring recent term reenlistmentrate for her petty bladeswith rounded,trailing edges. wind tunnel tests, the rotoroperated at officers. Low pressure air is pumpedinto the speedsofup to 150 knots and White Plains, known as the ‘Orient blades and ejected froma thin slot on demonstrated excellent controlcap- Express,’ alsotopped the 83 percent the upper surface of the trailing edges. ability. The first actual flight demon- mark for the reenlistment ratefor Due to an aerodynamic phenome- stration is tentatively scheduled for next second term petty officers and 90 per- ~ non,the air remainsattached to theFebruary to test itsperformance. cent mark for career petty bfficers. ~ The final percentages ‘were tallied ~ after the reenlistment of three Plains- men on the final day of fiscal year 78. White Plains, the Navy’s onlyfor- warddeployed combat storesship, operates from Yokosuka, Japan, under I the command of CaptainRobert S. -1Owens. Have a Yen to Read?

Looking forsomething to read? From pamphlets on how to install and use tirechains to booksonthe AmericanRevolution, the U.S. Government Printing Office probably can satisfy your reading desires. With over 25,000 titles in stock, the Superintendent of Documentshas groupedthe publications into related subject bibliographies. They are listed in two free guides which are yours for the asking. Domestic customers should ask for the“Consumers Guide toFederal Publications.” Customers outsideof the continental United Statesshould ask

DECEMBER 1978 29 18th century garb of the country. It Was in the Cards Next,the group toured a museum Long-Distance Chess which was once the largest playing card USS Tattnall (DDG 19)recently Larry Rydel doesn’t speak a foreign factory in Europc. That tour included a langauge, yethe communicates pulled intothe small seaport of look at one of the largest manually regularly with people from around the Zeebrugge in Belgium and stepped into operatedprinting pressesstillin world. How? Through theinterna- asurprise arranged by their Belgian existence. Thefactory, the first of its tionally understood gameof chess and, Exchange Officer, FirstLieutenant kind, is credited with developing the oh yes, a reliable postman. Sylveer De Beuker. first playing card and was instrumental Rydel, a Chief Hospital Corpsman It began witha bus waiting on the pier in spreading card games throughout the assigned to the Presidio of Monterey’s to whisk the ship’s basketball andsoccer world. Medical Clinic, has been playing chess teams to prearranged matches against After the tour, Tattnall’s basketball withforeign opponents for 16 local teams. Along the way, Tattnall and soccer teams faced their respective years. But, instead of just using the sailors were treated to a stcenic tour of local teams on the playing fields. the Belgian countryside.The bus conventional chessboardof 64 one-inch stopped-apparently for a rest break- The U.S. Navy men, ahem, lost both squares and 32 medieval pieces, Rydel in the small city of Turnhout. matches. But facing a full evening of relies on simple postcards and the But Turnhout, it seems, is alsothe still more festivities,few seemed to world’s postal systems to conduct his hometown of De Beuker. That’s when care. That night, crewmen were treated internationalbattles of will and the fun began. Local residents gave the to the new (a disco dance) and theold (a strategy. sailors a warm welcome and a tour of Belgian folk dance). Today he has 72 matches in progress Turnhout’s attractions. First stop was Thanks to Belgian Exchange Officer with opponentsfrom Japan, France, atthe city’s culturalcenter which De Beuker and the people of Turnhout, theSoviet Union, Canada, West included a library,auditorium, the officers and men of Tattnall Germany,East Germany, Rumania, museum, pub (with free beer) and a experienced amemorable port visit Portugal, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Italy, serenading band dressed in traditional they’ll not likely duplicate in the future. Sweden, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, South Africa, Yugoslavia, Finland and England. In addition, he is engaged in 35 more games with fellow Americans from 25 states. Hisopponents are amateurs and masters. One competitor is a professor of artatthe University of Moscow. Another is a baron inWest Germany.Closer to home, Rydel is playing an astronomerfrom the Smithsonian Institution; he also plays a prisoneratthe Florida State Penitentiary. Playing postal chess is as simple as sending a letter. Participants note their move on a standard post card using the Englishdescriptive notation method. For example, P-K4 represents a pawn moving to a positior! three squares in front of the king. “It’s chess withouttheboard,” explains Rydel, although he adds that

ALL HANDS 30 most postal players do use the standard Bolstering Bolster morale,” said CommanderJames H. chess set to better visualize the game Ansley,Commodore of Service situation. From“day one” in basic training, Squadron Five, ”but alsois indicative of Thetime required for a move in Navypeople aretaught to be team a crew that cares for their shipmates.” postal chess, like thelength of the players. Even so, it’s not often that an CDR Ansley also said that when a contest itself, varies with the intensity entire team is deservingof individual man makes rate, it’s the result of not andexperience of competitors. Ac- praise. Such was the case, however, on only the man’s effort, but also of the cording to Rydel, some moves are board the rescue and salvage ship USS efforts of his shipmates who teachhim immediate while others take hours of Bolster (ARS 38) when all 15 sailors along the way. careful deliberation. His average game whotook the recent Navywide “When aman advances in rate,” lasts between 15 and 18 months, advancement examswere promoted in a CDR Ansley said, “his responsibilities although he’s hada brief six-week joint ceremony. increase to the Navy, and to the encounteras well as three-yeara “The Bolster’s 100 percent success shipmates whofollow him-he hasa marathon. rate shows that the ship not only has a responsilility to help and to teach his In addition to playing long distance, goodtraining program and good juniors so they may also advance.” Rydelplays at theMonterey Chess Center. Last April, he was one of three local chess players to draw with Florin Cheorghiu, visiting grand master from Rumania. The only bad part of playing postal chessis the price of stamps says Rydel.Fortunately, however, his monthlypostage bill-about $254~ offset somewhat by a budding stamp collection. ”SSGT Randall Moore. WAF

I DECEMBER, 1978 31 &hens Marathon BY PHI JOHN R. LUCAS There are a number of reasons why the world to make thisannual “popular runners were fromthe USS Albany, American sailorsand Marines might race.” flagship of CommanderSixth Fleet, “hit the beach” in Athens, Greece. But This year, U.S. Navypeople and and the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal. forthe 83 wholanded in Athens Marines whoran in the race represented The Naval Communication Station, October 6, there was only one reason- several shore stations including Naples, Nea Makri, Greece, again provided all “to runin the footstepsof Phidippides.” Italy; Rota, Spain; Sigonella,Sicily and the logistical support for the military Phidippides was the Athenian war- the United Kingdom. Sixth Fleet runners.Special Services Director Ed rior who,in 490 B.C., ran the 26.2 miles White (a former OaklandRaider) acted from the battlefields of Marathon to the as liaison between thevarious com- Acropolis in Athens to tell the people of mands sponsoring runners and therace the great victory over the Persians. committee. Nearly 2,400 years later, the run was Lieutenant Paul M. Nichols, 39, from added to the first modern Olympics of the Naval CommunicationStation in 1896, thus planting the seed for mara- Rota was the first military runner to thons around the world. cross the finish line. His time of 2:43 Athens hosts two marathons yearly. placed him 7th overall. After finishing, The first, held each spring,is open only Nichols said, “The older1 get, the faster to world-class runners with qualifying I get.” times under 2 hours 30 minutes. The Electronics Technician Second Class second,run in the fall, is called “the Kevin J. Setnes, 24, of the Naval Com- popular race” and is open to runners minication Area Master Station Medi- around the world. terranean in Naples was the second Morethan 1,000 male and female military runner to finish. runners of all ages come from all over Captain T.C. Andersen, 53, Supply Officer at the Naval Support Activity Right: MI1 Joe Picou and RM3 Lory Wegmuller Naples said, “It was a long, hard run. pace each other. I’m very pleasedjust tohave finished the Below: (L to,RJ: SN J. J. Copeland, ETRJ’ Kevin race.” Setnes and LT Paul Nichols near the finish line. [Photos by PHAN Scott RieckeJ Radioman Third Class LoryJ. Weg- mueller, 21, of Headquarters Allied Forces Southern Europe in Naples was the onlyenlisted woman to run. She had a time of 4:12:28. She said, “I ran the race non-stop this year and beat a couple of people who have beaten me in the past.” Captain Robert L. Smidt, 47, of Fleet Air Mediterranean in Naples summed up his feelings, “I’m glad I made it all the way. But, most of all, I enjoyed running and meetingwith allthe different nationalities as we went along.” Perhaps the thoughts of ET2 Setnes encompass the feelings of most marathon runners. After running20 miles he said, “I’ve told myself the same thingat the same pointin every marathon ...this will be my last one.” But the pain and agony are soon forgotten after therace. There alwaysseems to be thefaint sound of footstepsand the magic of Athens to lure the runners backfor one more effort.

ALL HANDS Last of the All-Navy Sailing Champions

STORY AND PHOTOS ing line is actually when many a race is As the craft silently skim through the BY JOl(SS) PETE SUNDBERG either won or lost. water,the skippers and crews are Five minutes after the white flag was responsible for more than just steering The 18 sailors came to compete in a raised, anotherwarning signal was their craft and tacking. Thereare many sport steepedin tradition.A sport soundedand a blue flag hoisted. mental exercises taking place. Each that, with strange terms and concepts,Finally, another blast was sounded, a crew member must knowthe rules of the seems mystical and even romantic; it’s red flag appeared-the race began. road as they relate to the course being called yacht racing. Unlike other sports, sailing is a quiet run; they must always be aware of the Six crews, threefrom each coast, one-minus thehawking of vendors time elapsed from the start of the three- pittedtheir skills against each other andthe noise of spectators.There is hour race; and they have to recognize in the last All-Navy Sailing Champion- only the gentle snapping of wind-filled not just the wind but the type of wind ship. Hosted in September by the Coast sails and urgent orders from skippersto blowing andminute changes inwind Guard Academy at New London, crews. Gracefulness inherent in sailing direction. They also mustbe constantly Conn.,the three-man crews tendsbelieto the underlying aware of the set and speed of currents earnedtheir positions earlier in the excitement. along the course.

DECEMBER 1978 33 Sailing:

Six races were conducted during the Third: QM2 Rick M ongule (skipper), threeday championship, and, although USCG cutter Blackhawk at San Fran- the craftwere evenlymatched, thecrews cisco; QM3 TedKellog, USCG,Pt. traded boats after every race to ensure Ledge, San Francisco; QM3 Steve fairness to all. Changes in boats didn’t Hamilton, USCG Recruiting Station, seem to affect the outcome-Captain Alameda, Calif. Chris Withers, a national yacht-racing Fourth:LTMichael Waters contender from Newport, R.I., and his (skipper); OS3 Dan Maddox and ENS crew wonfive of the six races to take the Brent McGee. All are attached to USS championship. The results were: Preble (DDG 46) out of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Winners:CAPT Chris Withers Fifth: TDC Robert Ober (skipper), (skipper), Naval War College, Newport, Naval Station, Annapolis; NES Rudy R.1.; LT StephenParfet, OCS, New- Costanzo, USNA, Annapolis, andDP 1 port, R.I.; LT Tom Fowler, SWOS- Fred Imhoff, NavalSecurity Group COM, Newport, R.1. Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Second:LTJG Tom Atkinson Sixth:PHC Keith Reynolds (skipper); QM3Joseph Smith and (skipper), PH3Robert Hamiltonand MMFA Steve Morie. All crewmen are PHAN Dennis Driscoll. All areatt- attachedto USS Knox (FF 1052), ached to Fleet Audio Visual Command, homeported in Yokosuka, Japan. NAS, Norfolk. J

MARGIE VOSE Cp Long, Had Struggle Back

BY PH2 DAVID LONGSTREATH

In the early morning hoursof April I, Although alert at all times, Margie had therapyhas a wayof strengthening 1978, Margie Vosefell asleep at the lost the ability to control or move most patients mentally as well. wheel of her subcompact automobile;it of her limbs. Basically, she would have “Many gain confidence by seeing veertd off thefour-lane highway, to learn how to move again. other patients in similar therapy. They grazed a tree and ended up atotal The unit’s first contact with Margie judge their progress against others and wreck. Suffering massive head injuries camethrough Hospital Corpsman often realize their problem is not as bad andbroken bones, MargieVose was Third Class Robyn Collum, a physical as it seems.” rushed to Norfolk General Hospital. therapy technician. There were times when Margie could Margie’s parentsremember vividly “When I first met Margie,” HM3 not complete an exercise. Still, she the news brought to them by Norfolk Collumsaid, “she wasstill under never gave up. Generaldoctors: “If yourdaughter intensive care. A tracheotomy(an The purpose of physical therapy is to lives, she probably willbe severely opening in the throatto aid in help apatient becomeself-sufficient handicapped.” breathing) had been performed and she once again.“Most people takefor The 18-year-old daughter of retired was on respirator.a Because she granted the little things, such as being Navy Captain William F. Vose, Margie couldn’t be moved, therapy at first was able to dress oneself. For Margie, just Vosewas latertransferred to the very simple--she would grip my hand. learningagain how to roll over by intensive careunit of the Naval “After reading her medical history, I herself was a great accomplishment. It Regional Medical Center, Portsmouth, had my doubts, but Margie has a strong meant she could ease pressure on Va. It was 10 weeks before the physical will.” different parts of her body without therapists were able to start Margie’s When apatient has experienced a calling a nurse or corpsman,” Collum rehabilitation process. massive trauma, usually the result of a said. Staffed full-time byfive, college serious accident, therecovery usually is Reflecting, Collumsaid, “When trained physical therapists and eight longand often incomplete. Many are Margie first began regular visits to Navy-trainedphysical therapy facedwith thepossibility of a physical therapy, she was incapable of technicians,the Physical Therapy permanent handicap. even the simplist tasks. She had been Branch is designed treatto any AccordingtoNRMC physical told by doctorsshe would probably condition involving rehabilitation of therapistLieutenant (junior grade) never walk again. the body. Michael Tamburello, many patients “Margie didn’t accept thisand set out “We treatpatients suffering burns, suffer severe depression and frustration to prove everyone wrong. Her last day broken bones, strains, sprains, arthritis once they begin therapy. This was true in therapy here she walked a few steps andvarious other medical-surgical in Margie’s case but with a difference. with the aid of a leg brace and the problems,” says Navy Captain J.M. “Shehas anexceptional parallel bars. She was so happyshr Beckwith, head of the branch. “Many of determination to return to anormal cried.” our patients have beeninvolved in life,” Tamburello said. Two months after beginning therapy motorcycle or automobileaccidents “We provide the therapeuticexercises atNRMC Portsmouth, MargieVose similar to Margie’s.’’ to stimulate and strengthenmuscles but was wheeled into the physical therapy In Margie’scase, however, itwas the key element in treating any patientis unit to say goodbye to those who had more than rehabilitating broken bones. motivation. Margie knew it was going worked closely with her. The following According to doctors atNRMC, the to be a long, hard struggle back to a accident had resulted in multiple normal life. She accepted it. Every time injuries andbrain stem damage. she reported fortherapy, she was prepared to work,” Tamburello added. In a quiet moment, Margie and Navy physical therapist LTJG M. T. Tamburellotalk over CAPT Beckwith noted that physical the davs progress.

DECEMBER 1978 37 I

day she was transferred to a northern Virginia clinic for further treatment. Onher way out Margiemade a promise to the PT staff, “I’ll be back, only next time I’ll walk in.” t

Editor’snote-A,fter her discharge .fromthe Naval Regional Medical Centeron Ju1.v 25, MargieVose was transferred to a state operated physical therapy clinic inFishersville, Va. She has regained use of both hands and can use a wheel chair. According to her,father, Margie is making excellent progress andis well on her way to recovery.

Above: Through the long and often painful rehabilitation process, Margie Voses determination shines through.

Left: Margie learns to walk again with helpfrom LTJG M.T. Tamburello and HM3 Robyn Collum.

ALL HANDS “PEARL99

STORY BY J02 B. PEASE PHOTOS BY J02 J. BRYANT

Pearl Harbor hasbeen attacked again--thistime with the help of the U.S. Navy. Warner Brothers’ cameras recorded the action as part of a “made for television” movie entitled ‘‘Pearl.’’ A fictionalized story that centers on what happened to sevenpeople on Dec. 7,

1941, “Pearl” features starsAngie Dick- inson, Robert Wagner, DennisWeaver, LeslieAnn Warren and Greg Henry. Duringthe filmingof theattack scenes, hectic Hollywoodinterrupted dailyroutine aboard the frigate USS Badger (FF 1071) whilecrew members got into the act by workidg as extras. Fame has its price, though. To get that clean-shaven, scrubbed look of the 1941 sailor, beards, must- was ironicthat Vunce, destroyera aboard the destroyer tender USS Doh- aches, and the long locks of the 1970s escort commissioned in 1943, was end- bin (AD 3) in1941. Later,from the fell before the barber’s clippers. ing her Navy career in a re-enactmentof point of view of having been there, he In addition to the40extras(whowere the battle that provided the impetus for enjoyed “Tora! Tora! Tora!” and now in a leave status during thefilming), the her construction. looks forwardto seeing “Pearl” onTV. Navy also provided ferry services to Several years ago the award-winning “Nothing could match the intensity of Ford Island for film crews and fora ship movie “Tora! Tora! Tora!” was filmed the original,” he said, “but I’m not too toattack. The targetship, ex-USS at PearlHarbor. Civilian employee crazy about the idea of a sequel.” 9. Vunce (DER 387), was towed from Chuck Leahey, 14th Naval District Spe- Pearl Harbor’s InactiveShip Facility to cial Services director, has survived all the location site and was given a fresh three “attacks”-the real one, “Tora!” coat of paint on her “camera” side. It and now“Pearl.” Hewas afireman

DECEMBER 1978 39 the Survivor Benefit Plan for the uniformed services. Basically, the Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) provides an income to the deceased retiree’sbeneficiaries. This monthly income is equal to 55 percent of the full amount of the member’s retired pay or 55 percent of any selected ” amount of retired pay over $300 per month. In addition,this monthly amount is periodically adjusted for cost-of-living increases. So if a chief petty officer, for example, receives $700 a month in retiremen- Navy tlretainer pay, theSBP monthly payment to hisbeneficiaries after his death would be $385. (Base Amount X 55 percent = annuity). Suppose thatsame chief petty officer, before his retirement with pay, elected a lesser amount thanmaximum coverage, say $300 (the minimum amount which may be designated under SBP). Then the SBP monthly paymentto his beneficiaries after his death would be $165. The benefits inherent in a Navy career are not always evident to those Keepinmind the above figures who look only at base pay. To appreciate thqfull value ofNavy life, aperson represent gross amounts. Thatis, annui- must consider the entire range of many benefits-medical care, aidfor edu- ties paid under SBP are subject to fed- cation, and commissary privileges, to name a few. All must be taken into eral income taxes. account. Military retirees will automatically be To keep Navy members informed,All Hands will discuss theseand other enrolled in the Survivor Benefit Plan at I benefits ln alengthy series of articles beginning withthis firstone on survi- the maximum coverage level at thetime vor benefits. of their retirement or transfer to the The exulanation of the Survivor Benefit Plan isfollowed bya table briefly Fleet Reserve, unless they request cov- outlining the range of survivor benefits established.foractive-duty members erage less than themaximum, ordecline and retirees.Since space limitations restrict more detailed descriptions,it is participation in the program. important that the member directly contact the sources listed for more Under SBP, four types of coverage information. are available at varying costs: spouse Also included is a form which you can use in planning your family’s only coverage; spouse and children cov- .future, estimating total survivor benefits,andfor maintaining an account oferage; children only coverage; and insu- where you and your family stand financially. rable interest coverage. I Spouse Only Coverage As its namesays, this is coverage paid Survivor Benefits Plan to the retiree’s spouse only. It is important to keep in mind that an election to Sometimes, the hardest things to talk the retiree realizes the checks and his life cover spouse only, once effective,is about in life are also the most impor- stop almost simultaneously. What irrevocable, although the cost of cover- tant. Takethe subject of death. Most of about his family? How will the bills get age will not take placein any month us wouldjust as soonjaywalk if it meant paid? What about thechildren’s educa- when there is notan eligible spouse getting out of a discussion onthat tion? An avalanche of questions pour beneficiary. subject. forth with the realization that one’s Also, if coverage for spouse is Butwhen a sailor retires fromthe family may be financially secure now, declined at time of retirement, coverage Navy, he may be snug in the knowledge but what about later? forthat spouse, or any subsequent a monthly check will arrive in the mails For many military retirees, the spouse, cannot be provided at any later like clockwork,for the rest of his life. It answers to these and other money ques- time. sort of takes the edge off though when tions can be found-at least in part-in If there is no eligible spouse at time of

40 ALL HANDS retirement,coverage for spousea dency and IndemnityCompensation- capped children), children between the acquired after retirement may be pro- / Social Security offset. ages of 18 and 23 if attendinga VA vided. Such an election must be submit- approved school, and certain dependent ted within one year of the marriage and DIC/Social Security Offset parents areeligible for Veterans Admin- thespouse must be married tothe istration DIC. retired military member for a minimum Surviving spousesmay be eligible for DIC is a monthlybenefit based on the of one year immediately before the reti- Dependency and Indemnity Compensa- member’s grade or rate. It is exempt ree’s death (orif a surviving child is born tion (DIC) payments from the Veterans from federal income taxation and may of the marriage) in order tobe an eligi- Administration and/or Social Security bereceived simultaneously with full ble recipient of SBP annuities. Benefits afterthe retiree dies. These Social Security benefits. The cost of this spouse only coveragebenefits may offset or reduce the So Senior Chief Jones’ widow applies is 2%percent of the first $300 of the base amount of SBP payments being made for andis granted DIC in the amount of amount plus 10 percent of any amount to the spouse under varying circumstan-$200 (an arbitrary figure). This $200 is over $300. See the accompanyingchart ces. First, we look at how DIC works in deductedfrom the SBP benefits she for more detail. relation to SBP: receives eachmonth so there is no So far, SPBis a prettysimple plan to SupposeSenior Chief Jones was change inher monthly annuity understand. You pay money in return woundedduring the war inVietnam. (although that tax-free $200 will result for a guaranteed income for designated Afterretirement, Senior Chief Jones in less overall taxon her annuity). beneficiaries afteryour death. How- (whohas enrolled in theSurvivor That’s DIC offset. ever, there are a couple of things that Benefit Plan) dies as a result of compli- (For more information about Vete- tend to complicate the picturejust a bit cationsdeveloping from thatwound. ransAdministration Dependency and (butnot lessen thecoverage paid to Since his was a service-connected death, IndemnityCompensation as well as those beneficiaries). The main item to hiswidow, anyunmarried children facts on other VA programs, see the understand is a notion called, Depen- under age 18 (as well as certain handi- pamphlet Federal Benefits for Veterans andDependents availablefrom the Veterans Administration.) Thereare times also when SBP annuities will be reduced by that por- tion of SocialSecurity benefits that cameout of the retiree’s activeduty P earnings. The offset applies only when the widow(er) has one dependent child h or, if there are no dependent children, when the widow(er) is62 years of age or older. In all cases, however, the combined payments from SBP and Social Security are guaranteed to equal or exceed 55 percent of the retiree’s retired pay or the lesser designated base amount. As can be seenfrom ourdiscussion of DIC/Social Security offset, theword “offset” may be a bit misleading in that the total amount of money the spouse receives each month is never reduced, and often increased, as a result of DIC or Social Securitybenefits. It’s just that the money may come from a different federalsource under different circumstances.

Spouse and Children Coverage

With this type of SBP coverage, the monthly annuity is paid to the surviving spouse. If the spouseis not eligible (due to death or remarriage) the annuity is

DECEMBER 1978 41 Navy Rights & 6enef its

paid to eligible dependent children in ~~ equal shares. Survivor Benefit Plan-Spouse Only-Monthly Amounts The cost of this coverage is based upon the cost of “Spouse Only” cover- Base AmountMonthly Payment Monthly Cost Net Balance age plus an actuarial charge based on of Retired Pay For Surviving Spouse To Retiree* To Retiree*** the age of retiree, spouse and youngest $ $ child. $1 00.00”” $ 55.00 2.50 97.50 Underthis coverage,no DIC or 200.00”” 1 10.00 5.OO 195.00 Social Securityoffset will bemade when 300.00 165.00 7.50 292.50 SBP paymentsare made only to 350.00 192.50 12.50 337.50 children. 400.00 220.00 17.50 382.50 Children Only Coverage 450.00 247.50 22.50 427.50 500.00 275.00 27.50 472.50 The costof this typeof coverage is an 550.00 302.50 32.50 51 7.50 actuarial chargebased on theage of the 562.50 retiree and the age ofthe youngest child. 600.00 330.00 37.50 Since actuarial charges fluctuate, they 650.00 357.50 42.50 607.50 will be computed by the Navy Finance 700.00 385.00 47.50 652.50 Center before an SBP coverage is 750.00 41 2.50 52.50 697.50 elected so that the precise cost will be 800.00 440.00 57.50 742.50 known. 850.00 467.50 62.50 787.50 Insurable Interest Coverage 900.00 495.00 67.50 832.50 950.00 522.50 72.50 877.50 The finaltype of SBP coverage, Insu- 1 000.00 550.00 77.50 922.50 rableInterest Coverage, maybe pro- 1 100.00 605.00 87.50 101 2.50 vided to guarantee monthly SBP bene- 1200.00 660.00 97.50 1 102.50 fits to any person who has a reason- ableand lawful financialexpectation 1300.00 71 5.00 107.50 1 192.50 from the continued life of the retiree. 1400.00 770.00 1 17.50 1282.50 This is legal talk for someone,other 1 500.00 825.00 127.50 1372.50 than spouse or children, who is finan- 1600.00 880.00 137.50 1462.50 cially dependent on the retiree. It may 1700.00 935.00 147.50 1552.50 be a brother, sister, parent or nonde- 990.00 157.50 1642.50 pendent child. If the insurable interest 1800.00 person is other than those (such as a *Withheldfrom retired pay. Monthly premiums are discontinued if marriage is termi- business partner) proof of financial nated by death, divorce or annulment. benefit is required by the Navy Finance **Applicable only if full retired pay is less than $300 per month. Center. ***Of Base Amount If there is no spouse or eligible child- Table Copyright @ 1978 by Uniformed Services Almanac Inc. Reprinted with permission. ren at the time of retirement, coverage for a person with an insurable interest may be elected. The cost of this coverage is figured as Computing Insurable Interest Coverage follows: 10percent of full retired pay plus five percent of full retired pay for Suppose you are 50 years old when you retire from the Navy and you wish to provide each five years the designated benefi- Insurable Interest Coverage under the Survivor Benefit Plan to your 30-year-old married daughter. Your monthly gross retired pay is $750. The cost of such coverage is 10 percent ciary is younger thanthe retiree, the of full retired pay plus 5 percent of full retired pay for each full five years the designated total costof such coverage not to exceed beneficiary is younger than the retiree (the total cost will not exceed 40 percent of retired 40 percent of full retired pay. (See the pay). accompanying example.) Thus: Daughter is 20 years younger (20 + 5 = 4 x 5% = 20%) Undernormal circumstances, the 10% + 20% = 30% cost of coverage under increases $750 x .30 = $225 (Cost of coverage) SBP The annuity equals 55 percent of the reduced retired pay (gross pay lesscost of cover- over therange of the four types of coverage). Thus: $750 - $225 = $525. age provided. Thus, “Spouse0nly”cov- The annuity equals $525 x .55 = $288.75. erage is cheapestwhile “Insurable

42 ALL HANDS Interest”coverage maybe the most Navy Guide for Retired Personnel tactthe Commanding Officer, Naval expensive. That’s only one reason why and Their Families, NavPers 15891 ReservePersonnel Center, New the prospective retiree must understand series. Thisbooklet provides detailed Orleans, LA70149, and request that each type of coverage available and its information on retired rights, benefits their name be placed on the mailing list. cost so that he may elect the plan that and privileges. These should be avail- Survivor Benefit Plan .for retired provides best for his family at the lowest able to the member during pre-retire- members of the uniformed services will possible cost to them. ment processing. be provided to each prospective retiree In addition,there are other provi- The Retired Naval Personnel New- during preretirement processing. sions of SBP that apply in special or sletter ispublished quarterly by the unusualcircumstances for which the Bureauof Naval Personnel, provides Retired MilitaryAlmanac is an membermust be advised.Complete updated information on retirement and unofficial (commercial) digest of vital detailsare available from your com- serves as anofficial line of communica- andfactual information on military mand’s career counselor. Other sources tion between the Navy and the retired retirement rights and benefits. Mail all of retirementinformation, including community.Members who do not orders to Uniformed Services Almanac, your SBPcoverage, canbe found in the receive an issue within a reasonabletime Dept. M, P.O. Box 76, Washington, following publications. after retirement (6 months) should con- D.C. 20044. A quick look at supplemental benefits

In addition to the survivor’s benefits who made thehome loan; the obligation York10996; Director of Admisions listed in thetable on the following to repay the loan falls to thedeceased’s United States Air Force Academy, pages, there are other benefits for sur- estate and spouse(property held as Colorado 80840; or the Office of Candi- viving dependents ofdeceased active tenants by entireties). Only if the spouse date Guidance, U.S. NavalAcademy, duty members and retirees. Among defaults may the government pay the Annapolis, Maryland 21402. these are: lender to the extentof the guarantee- State Benefits. Manystates pro- but the government is then obligated to vide benefits for survivors of veterans recover its loss from the family. In the Civil Service Employment Prefer- such as educational assistance,civil ser- ence. Certain Civil Servicepreference case of FHA mortgage insurance, the vice preference, taxand license fee benefits aregranted to unremarried goverment will continue topay the insu- exemptions,employment assistance widows in connection with examina- rance premium for two years after the and bonuses. Most of the states main- tions,ratings, appointment and rein- death of a member, or until the wid- tain veterans’ agencies (usually titled statements if they wish to apply for a ow(er) remarries or sells the property. State Veterans Commissions) which Civil Service positon. Call or write any Officers and Enlisted Messes. If supervisethe veterans, and survivors’ civil service employment office for facilities permit,commanding officers benefits.The member’s survivors details. are authorized to extend the privileges shouldcontact the veterns’ agency Fraternal Organization Benefits. of Commissioned Officers’messes in thestate in which theyintend to Check with the nearest affiliate of any Open,Senior Chief Petty Officers’ reside or thestate from which the fraternal or professionalorganization messes Open, Chief Petty Officers’ retired member last claimed residence. to which the deceased belonged to learn messes Openand First and Second Anynationally recognized veterans of any insurance, burial, or other bene- Class Petty Officers’ messes Opento organization will also assist in pro- fits which may be payable. unremarried widow(er)s or retired viding informationabout survivor members of appropriate grades or rates. benefits. GI Bill Loans. Unremarried wid- Such authorization may be extended to 0 Tax Relief. Theincome of a ow(er)s of deceased military personnel their dependents. Contact the approp- may be eligible for GI Bill home loans member who dies of wounds, disease or riatenaval activity formore injurysustained in acombat zone is when death is due to service-connected information. causes. Contact the Veterans Adminis- exempt from federal income taxation tration for further details. Service AcademyAppointments. for theyear in whichthe deathoccurred. Each year a limited number of appoint- Any tax liability outstandingagainst Mortgage Insurance. Themort- ments to the major service academies the member at the time of death will be gage insurance provided free as part of are reserved for the sons and daughters canceled or reduced. Refundscan be GI Bill loans and FHA in-service loans of military members who died of war made if tax on such income has already does not pay off the mortgage upon the injuries. Inquires should be sent direc- been paid. The federal estate tax is not death of the homeowner.Those guaran- ted to: The Registrar,United States applicable in the settlementof estates of tees apply solely to the private lender Military Academy,West Point, New such combat veterans.

DECEMBER 1978 43 Table of survivor benefits for

BENEFIT DESCRIPTION

ARREARS OF PAY Unpaid pay and allowances due member at time of death.

DEATH GRATUITY Designedtohelpdefrayimmediateexpanses,thedeathgratuityissixtimestheactivedutymember'smonthlybasicpayto a maximum 83,000 payable to beneficiaries usually within 24 hours of death. BURIAL EXPENSE ALLOWANCE Social Security 8255 lump-sum death payment to widow(er) of Social Security "covered" member. Veterans Administration $300 basic burial allowance plus $150 plot/interment allowance if burial is not in a national cemetery. Service- connected deaths may receive up to $1.100. EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS Navy Scholarships Various scholarships are available from Navy-affiliated organizations. Navy Relief Society Educational Fund Educational assistance loans and grants are available to survivors of Navy members.

Veterans Administration Widow(er)sandchildrenof memberswhodiedofservice-connectedcausesmaybeeligibleforupto45monthsofVAedu- cational assistance. Educational loans are also available for those needing educational financial assistance.

UNIFORMED SERVICES ID & PRIVILEGE Unremarried widow(er)s, dependent children to age 21 (23 if attending full-time institutionof higher learning) & parents/ CARD (DD FORM 1 173) parents-in-law determined to be dependent are entitled to anID card and appropriate privileges if deceased member had retired from military service.

EXCHANGE, COMMISSARY & THEATER Sponsorship passes to unremarred widow(er) of retired military member until such time as widoder) remarries and be- PRIVILEGES comes the dependent of another person. Surviving children are entitled toexchange & theater privileges if dependent on widow(er) for over '/i of their support to age 21 (23if attending full-timeinstitution of higher learning).

HEADSTONES & GRAVE MARKERS When burial isin a national cemetery, a headstone or grave marker is provided without cost or application. Markers for private cemeteries will be shipped free, but applicant is responsible for transportation to the private cemetery & cost of placement at the grave.

HOUSEHOLD GOODS STORAGE/MOVE- Dependents who were eligible to relocate at government expense & for household goods movementbefore the member's MENT & RELOCATION OF DEPENDENTS death are permitted one yearto relocate & move householdgoods to any selected location at governmentexpense & storage in transit UD to six months. LIFE INSURANCE NSLVUSGLI USGLI was issued in 1919 and discontinued in 1951. NSLl took up where USGLI left off but has also been discontinued.

SGLl Automatic coverage (820,000) unless member elects lower amount or no coverage. A member is covered under this active duty SGLl insurance for 120 days following discharge (non-disability death) or for one year in the case of service- connected death.

VG LI Veterans Group Life Insurance is available-within 5 years of discharge-for those desiring to convert their SGLl coverage.

Commercial Insurance Depends upon the amounts and type of life insurance purchased by the member.

MEDICAL CARE Dependents of retirees who are eligible for medical care under the Uniformed Services Health Benefit Program or for the Civilian Health 81Medical Program ofthe Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS)remain eligible for such care after the member's death.

NAW MUTUAL AID ASSOCIATION A membership organization which provides death benefits currently of 818,OOO;assists beneficiaries in filing claims for government benefits & provides follow-up service as needed.

NAW RELIEF SOCIETY ASSISTANCE Provides temporaryfinancial assistance(either a loan, gratuity, or combinationof thetw0)todependents of deceased Navy members plus counseling and referral services and other assistance.

RETIRED SERVICEMAN'S FAMILY PRO- Provides annuities to beneficiaries of deceased military members who participated in the program and retired before TECTION PIAN (RSFPP) September 21, 1972.

SURVIVOR BENEFIT PIAN (SBP) Provides annuities to beneficiaries of deceased military members who participated in the program and retired after Sep tember 21, 1972.

SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS (SSB) SSB payments are separate from & in addition to any RSFPP or monthly VAcompensation (but not SBP payments). SSB provides-depending upon eligibility-(a) monthly benefits to surviving widow(er) 81dependent children, (b) MEDICARE coverage, and, (c) lump sumdeath benefits (see Burial Expense Allowance entry).

VETERANS ADMINISTRATION DEPEN- Payable for service-connecteddeath only. DIC is a monthlybenefitdeterminedonthebasisofmember'sgradeor rateand DENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPEN- authorized for widow(er)s, unmarried children under age 18 (as well as certain helpless children), children 18-23if at- SATION (DIC) tending a VA-approved school and certain dependent parents of members who died in service or who died following discharge from a service-connected disability. VETERANS SURVIVORS PENSION Payable to widow(er) 61children of a member whose death was not service connected providing their income does not exceed certain limitations and their net worth is withinreasonable limits as determined by the VA.

44' ALL HANDS active-duty members and retirees

WHERE TO APPLY HOW TO APPLY

Submit a Claim for Unpaid Compensation of DeceasedMembers of the Uni- formed Services (SF-1174).

Payment of local disbursing office is automatic upon notification of death The local Navy disbursing office will provide assistance and information on and with Navy Finance Center approval. death gratuity payments.

Your local.office of the Social Security Administration. Apply to the local SSA office within two years of member's death. Regional office of the Veterans Administration. (Each state has at least one Application must be made within two years of member's death on VA Form VA regional office.) 21 -530 by mortician, survivor, or person paying burial expenses.

BuPers will supply information on type and number of scholarships available. Headquarters. Navy Relief Society, 801 N. Randolph St., Room 1228, Ar- Apply through the Navy Relief Society. lington, Va. 22203.

Regional office of the Veterans Administration, Submit VA Form22-5490,Applicationfor EducationalAssistance, orVAForm 22-549OW. Application for Program of Education or Training by a Spouse, Widow or Widower, or VA Form 87-25, Application for Educational Loan.

For determination of dependewy of parent or parent-in-law: Navy Family The following documents must accompany application: a copyof retired Allowance Activity, Cleveland, Ohio 44199. For renewal or replacement member's orders, death certificate, marriage or birth certificate (as appro- of ID cards: the nearest Naval Activity authorized to issue ID cards or the priate), interlocutory or final decree of divorce (if appropriate) and letter from Chief of Naval Personnel, (Pers731 2). Navy Dept..Washington, D.C. 20370. Social Security Administration certifying youare not entitled to Social Security Hospital Insurance (Part A) (applicable only to widow(er)s 65 or over).

See above information on Uniformed Services Identification & Privilege See above information on Uniformed Services Identification & Privilege Card (DD 1173). Card (DD 1173).

Director, Headstone Service (42A). Veterans Administration Central Of- Submit VA Form 40-1330 available from any regional Veterans Adminis- fice, 810 Vermont Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20420. tration office.

The installation Transporation Officer (ITO) at your local military activity The IT0 will require copies of orders in addition to other selected forms. will provide HHG assistance. The local military activity will also assist in Check with the IT0 for specific information. the transporation of dependents.

Veterans Administration Center, P.O. Box 8079, Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 In any communication with VA about life insurance, include member's (if residing East of the Mississippi River) orVeteransAdministration Center, policy number, full name, date of birth and service or social security num- Federal Bldg.. Fort Snelling, St. Paul, Minn. 551 11. ber, civil death certificate, VA claim file number and insurance policy number.

Chief of Naval Personnel (Pers 732), Navy Dept.,Washington, D.C. 20370 The beneficiary will be contacted and furnished VA Form 29-8283 by Pers or Office of Serviceman's Group Life Insurance. 21 2 Washington St., 732 upon receipt of official death notice. VA form 29-8283 and a certified Newark, N.J. 07102. copy of the death certificate are forwarded by claimant to the SGLI office for Payment.

Office of Serviceman's Group Life Insurance, 21 2 Washington St.,New- Submit VA Form 29-8283 (available from regional VA office) and certified ark, N.J. 07102. copy of death certificate to SGLI.

Local office of the insurance company with which the member is insured.

Since changes may occur because of local service capabilities, consult your CHAMPUS guidelines and medical care information are available from the local Navy activity for entitlement information as well as for information Chief of Naval Personnel (Pers 731 1, Navy Dept., Washington, D.C. 20370. on CHAMPUS.

Navy MutualAid Association.Navy Dept., Washington, D.C. 20370. Further information is available from the Navy MutualAid Association.

Headquarters. Navy Relief Society. 801 N. Randolph St..Room 1228. You may apply (a) in person at a Navy Relief Society auxiliary, (b) by call or Arlington, Va. 22203. telegram to their headquarters or, (c) through the local chapterof the American Red Cross in an emergency. Commanding Officer. Navy Finance Center, (Code XM), Anthony J. Submit application Form DD-768 to NavyFinance Center to receive an- Celebrezze Federal Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio 441 99. nuties.

Commanding Officer, Navy Finance Center, (Code 303). Anthony J. Submit NavComptForm 2269(7-78) to Navy Finance Center to receive Celebrezze Federal 8ldg.. Cleveland, Ohio 44199. annuities.

Your local VA regional office. Submit application on VA Form 21 -534 available from any VA regional office.

Your local VA regional office.

DECEMBER 1978 45 Navy Rights & Elenef its

Financia'l planning for yoursurvivors

What financial shape would your The following form may help you draw upon after you're gone. familybe in' ifyou died answerthese questions. Referring How much they will have to draw tomorrow? Suppose you got hit by a tothe explanation of rightsand and when can be figured in the part car onthe way home from the benefits in the accompanying tableof on PersonalObligations. Subtract- ship. After the traumaof your death benefits, you can get a working idea ing this amount from your total worth and funeral were past, would your ofthe amount and types of will not only tell if you will leave a family atleast find comfortin the fact assistance yourfamily would receive financially secure familybehind you'dleft them financially upon your death. This amount, plus when you die, but may also show secure? Or would your death mark your personal assets,will give you an where and what types of additional only the beginningof their troubles? idea of the resources your family mayfinancial security you may want.

IMMEDIATE OR SURVIVOR BENEFITONE-TIMEPAYMENT MONTHLY PAYMENT n/a Arrears of Pay Death Gratuity n/a S ocial Security Burial ExpenseBurialSecurity Social $255 AI Iowa nce $300 basic allowance + $1 50 plot allowance' n/a Veterans Administration Burial Expense Allowance Life Insurance: NSLI/USGLl2 Life Insurance: SGL12 Life Insurance: VGL12 Commercial Life Insurance2 Navy Mutual Aid Association2 Retired Serviceman's Family n/a Protection Plan3 S urv ivor Benefit Survivor Plan4 n/a S oc ial Security Benefits n/a Benefits Security Social Veterans Administration Dependency & Indemnity n/a Compensation5 Veterans Survivors Pension n/a TOTAL BENEFITS

NOTES: 'Service-connected death may receive upto $1,1 C)o. 2Amount and methodof payment (one-time payment or month1y)dependent upon the amount and type of coverage elected by member. 3Applicable only to those members who retired prior to 21 September 1972 and elected this coverage. 4Applicable only to those members who retired or became eligible for retirement after 21 September 1972 and elected this coverage. 'Monthly annuity ,dependent upon member's service-connected disability, grade or rate.

46 ALL HANDS IMMEDIATE OR ONE- TIMEPAYMENT MONTHLY PAYMENT

PERSONAL ASSETS Savings’ Stocks/Bonds/lnvestments‘ Personal Property (tiouse, car, boat & all high-value items)* All other assets/income TOTAL ASSETS

PERSONAL OBLIGATIONS Rent/Mortgage3 Utilities (gas, electricity, water, n/a sewerage, telephone, etc.) Food & Clothing n/a Transportation (car expenses, n/a bus fare, etc.) Credit cards/time payments4 Miscellaneous expenses TOTAL OBLIGATIONS NOTES: ‘You may either figure the total amount available as a one-time payment or compute the interest/dividends you earn each month as a monthly payment. 21mmediate cash would be available from the sale of high-value items. You may also receive monthly rental fees from a home or other appropriate items. 3Certain types of mortgage insurance provide for payment of the remaining amount due on homes upon the deathof the member. This would representa single one-time payment. Other typesof [mortgageinsurance guarantee the amount of themortgage but do not release surviving members of their responsibility for repaying the mortgage upon member’s death. 4Many credit agreements provide a for monthly interest chargewith no penaltyfor early payment. Other credit agreements may includea set financecharge-for which no credit is given for early payment-and/or an early payment penalty fee. IMMEDIATE OR ONE- TIMEPAYMENT MONTHLY PAYMENT TOTAL SURVIVOR BENEFITS: plus TOTAL PERSONAL ASSETS: equals TOTAL WORTH minus TOTAL PERSONAL OBLIGATIONS equals FAMILY SECURITY OR INSECURITY AFTER THE BREADWINNER DIES

DECEMBER 1978 4, Mail Buoy

Flag Etiquette According1.v. a scientific poll was con- article and the1-19, a sub classcarrying only ducted b.v the Navy Personnel Research and two aircraft, were more closely related to the SIR:I disagree with the answer given in Development Centerwhich sampled the fleet subs than the 1-400 monsters. ”YN2 picture No. I of the July 1978 Stern Shots. I opinions of over 8,000 enlisted men at var- Stafford. have been taught thatwhen the flagis on the ious stateside and overseas locations. The dais or platform, it is placed to the speaker’s results showed that more than 80percentof Correct Evans right (answer B). When it is on the floor of the respondees,favoredthe bell-bottomstyle the auditorium,it is placed Ito theaudience’s uniform. In addition. the unofficialpollcon- SIR:Concerning the September1978 arti- right (answer D). ”Del H. Sass ducted by a commercial publication received cle “Atlantic Fleet’s Reserve AVU 193,” ref- over 80,000 opinions and closelv paralleled erence was made to the film ‘‘I Relieve You the.findings of theofficial Navv survey. Sir,” based on the1969 collision of the USS Therefore, in Ju1.v 1977 the Chief of Naval Evans (DE 1023) and the Australian aircraft Operations approved the return of the tradi- carrierHMAS Melbourne (21). I served tional ,jumper stvle uniforms ,for sailors in aboard USS Evans (DE 1023) and it wasnot the ,first ,four paygrades (El-E4). an uncommon occurrence to mistake us for The implementation of the July derision the USS Frank E. Evans (DD 754) which includes both a one-year evaluation qf new was actually involved inthe collision.- material ,for the ,jumperstyle uniforms and PNC G.F. Foozer. the elimination ofthe double breasted coat 0 You were right-until July 7, 1976- when Public Law 93-344, amended the U.S. issuebeginning Oct. I. 1978.Other EI-E4 to Code pertaining to patroitic customs. Now, personnel assigned sea durv werepermit- subsection (k)of Section 175 ofthe amended tad to voluntarilv purchase the,jumperstyle uniform in Ma.v 1978. Personnel assignedto code, reads: shore installations and reservists were auth- “(k) When used on a speaker’s platform, theflag, if displayed flat, should orized to purchase the new uniformin be displayed aboveand behind the August. The recruitissue of .jumper style speaker. When displayed froma staff uniforms in October 1980 is planned. in a church or public auditorium, the flag of the United States of America Reservist Points Reunions should hold the position of superior prominence, in advance of the SIR:Is there anyway a reservist can make USS Yorktown (CV-5)“For all those audience, andin the positionof honor who served aboard USS Yorktown from at the clergyman’s or speaker’s right as up anunsatisfactory year? “J.L. Gutierrez, USNR. Sept. 30, 1937, through June 7,1942,please he faces the audience. Any other flag contactPeter Montalvo, Secretary, USS so displayed should be placed on the Therequirements for obtaininga satisfactory year for retirement pay pur- Yorktown (CV 5) Club, 331 Partridge St., left of the clergyman or speaker or to Albany, N.Y. 12208. the right of the audience.” poses are contained in the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual (BUPERSMA N), Arti- 0 USS Ommaney Bay (CVE 79)- cle 3860520 and Title10 United States Code. Reunion planned for shipmatesof this vessel New Uniforms By an “unsatisfactory” year it is assumed and Composite Squadron75. Contact A.R. you did not earn the required 50 points in Zubik, 10620 Ferncliff,Baton Rouge, La. your “anniversary” year to make that year 70815. SIR: I’m doing research on a piece about qualifvingfor retirement. Retirementpoints 0 USS MissionBay (CVE 59)- Navy uniform traditions. The August 1975 issue of All Handsindicated that bell- earned in one year may not be credited to Reunion July 12-15, 1979 in Denver, Colo. any otheryear. In order to make upan unsa- Contact Herbert H. Freise, P.O. Box 846, bottoms were being phased out. Now 1 am Walla Walla, Wash. 99362. toldthat a surveyindicated the cry was tisfactory year, a reservist must pet$orm an “bring back the bells.” When and by what additional yearfor qualifying service.-ED 0 USS Waller (DD 466)-Reunionof margin. -Helen 0.Warinsky. WW I1 crew membersAug. 30 through Sept. 2, 1979, In Denver, Colo. Contact RobertG. 0 The decision in 1973 to replace the tra- Monster Subs ditional jumper and bell-bottom unyorm Howard, 4695 Ingalls St., Wheatridge, witha coat andtie st-vle uniform was SIR:In reference to your article, “Midget Colo. 80033 or Robert D. Sandefur, P.O. approached with the sailor’s best interest in Sub’s Endless Journey” (AugustAI1 Hands), Box 978, Ruston, LA 71270. mind as assordinga uniform whichwouldbe and the photo caption for the. “Japanese USS Enterprise (CV 6)-Reunion July contemporary with the moderntimes. There fleet-type subs...” (page 16), those are1-400 1979 in Hawaii. Contact Ed Doss, 160628th was much controversy over the decision and class aircraft-carrying submarines, not the St., SE, Auburn, WA 98002. the then Chief of Naval Operations subse- standard fleet subs of the Imperial Japanese 0 USS Porter, Gwin,Walke, Preston. quently initiated a survey to determine the Navy. and Benham-Reunionwith USS South true .feelings of the,fleet withregard to pre- There were four subsin this class,the larg- Dakota July 6-8, 1979. Contact Raymond ferred uniforms aswell as the economic con-est at the time, and theywere about thesize Kanoff, 1210 N. 12th St.,Norfolk, Neb. straints involved. of a DD. The 1-24 that is mentioned in the 6870 I

48 ALL HANDS Stern Shots

Ship recognitionclasses are held during one's first weeks in the Navy, whether at the Naval Academy,Officer Candidate School orboot camp. Many of the drills concern foreign navies- but how well up are you on U.S. Navy ships? Check your current skill level by identifying both the names - and the class - of the following Navy ships. D

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AllNavy Sailing. See page 33