Woody Plants with Ornamental Fruits
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ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION SERIES 4. VOL. IV OCTOBER 1, 1936 NUMBER 13 WOODY PLANTS WITH ORNAMENTAL FRUITS fruits and autumn color are both of outstanding interest in ORNAMENTALthe fall landscape. In fact we often plant primarily with these in mind. In- teresting, bright-colored fruits are not limited to fall display alone, since the fruits of many plants start to ripen as early as June and are effective during the hot dry summer months when comparatively few of our woody shrubs are in bloom. Then, too, the ornamental fruits of many shrubs will remain on the plants long after the leaves have dropped in the fall, thus giving interest during the dreary winter months. Since there are such a large number of plants with orna- mental fruits available, a general knowledge of the subject should help in mak- ing the home grounds more interesting during the trying months of the year. All plants do not fruit well every year for various reasons. Take for example the flowering crabapples. These, like all apples, have abundant fruits one year and few fruits the following year, and little we can do will change this sequence. Every commercial orchardist is familiar with this "alternate bearing." Then, too, weather conditions have a great influence on fruit bearing as would be expected. Sometimes a plant is in too rich a soil, and all of its energies are spent in making vegetative growths, few towards flowering and fruiting. Here a good root pruningg m~ght aid. Sometimes the application of potash or phosphorous-bearing fertilizer aids m fruit production as it always does with grains and vegetables. Plants like the common bittersweet or the Japanese yew have the sexes on different plants, and the staminate plants will never bear fruit under any conditions. Naturally, disease and insect troubles will reduce the amount of fruit borne by plants. Borers in the trunks are also outstanding in this respect. All these things must be care- fully considered when estimating the amount of fruit that any particular plant may produce annually. Many of the best of our ornamental fruiting shrubs and trees are listed in the following pages, together with important notes about certain species. A care- ful study of these lists and notes will give a better understanding of what to plant for fruiting effect. 71 SUMMER FRUITS Red Acer ginnala Amur maple Ailanthus altissima (A. glandulosa)~ Ailanthus « Ailanthus altissima (A. glandulosa) erythrocarpa~ Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood *Cornus mas Cornelian-cherry *Crataegus arnoldiana$ Arnold Hawthorn *Daphne Mezereum February Daphne *Elaeagnus multiflora (E. longipes) Cherry Elaeagnus *Lonicera bella Belle Honeysuckle *Lonicera Korolkovii Blueleaf Honeysuckle *Lonicera Morrowii Morrow Honeysuckle Lonicera syringantha Lilac Honeysuckle *Lonicera tatarica Tatarian Honeysuckle Lonicera thibetica Tibetan Honeysuckle Nemopanthus mucronata~ Mountain-holly Prinsepia sinensis Cherry Prinsepia Prinsepia uniflora White Prinsepia Prunus avium Mazzard *Prunus tomentosa Nanking Cherry *Rhus glabra+ Smooth Sumac *Rhus ty phina~ Staghorn Sumac Ribes alpinum~ Mountain Currant Rosa Hugonis Father Hugo Rose *Rosa Rugosa Rugosa Rose Rubus odoratus Flowering Raspberry *Sambucus pubens Scarlet Elder *Shepherdia argenteat Silver Buffaloberry Shepherdia canadensis+ Russet Buffaloberry Sorbus americana$ American Mountain-ash *Sorbus Aucuparia$ European Mountain-ash *Sorbus decora$ Showy Mountain-ash *Viburnum Wrightii Wright Viburnum Blue *Cornus alternifolia~ Alternate leaved Dogwood Cornus Amomum Silky Dogwood *Cornus controversa Pagoda Dogwood Lonicera coerulea Sweetberry Honeysuckle *Mahonia Aquifolium~ Oregon Hollygrape *Mahonia repens~ Creeping Holly grape Vaccinum pennsylvanicum Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinum vacillans Dryland Blueberry *Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood 72 Black Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Berberis heteropoda$ Turkestan Barberry Prunus Sargenti (P.serrulata sachalinensis) Sargent Cherry *Prunus serotina Black Cherry *Prunus virginiana~ Common Chokecherry Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Rhodotypos scandens (kerrioides) Jetbead Ribes odoratum Golden Currant *Sambucus canadensis American Elder White *Cornus alba Tatarian Dogwood *Cornus racemosa (C. paniculata) Gray Dogwood *Cornus stolonifera Red Osier Dogwood *Symphoricarpus albus laevigatus Garden Snow berry (S. racemosus laevigatus) Miscellaneous Amelanchier laevis Dark purple Allegheny Serviceberry *Cornus mas flava Yellow *Cotinus coggygria (Rhus cotinus) Greenish Common Smoketree *Cotinus coggygria purpureus Purple Purple SmmkPtree (Rhus cotinus purpureus) *Daphne Mezereum alba Yellow White February Daphne Fraxinus americana iodocarpa Red purple American Ash var. Ginko biloba+ Greenish Maidenhair-tree Koelreuteria paniculata Greenish China-tree Kolkwitzia amabilis Brown Beauty bush *Lonicera Morrowi xanthocarpa Yellow *Lonicera tatarica lutea Yellow Yellov;~ Tatarian Hone~~suckle *Malus brevipes Yellow to red Morus alba White,red,black White Mulberry Morus rubra Purple Red Mulberry Pterocarya fraxinifolia Light green Caucasian Win~nut Yterocarva Rehderiana Light green Rehder ~’in~nut Ptelea trifoliata Light green Common Hoptree Rhamnus Frangula Purple Glossy Buckthorn Robinia fertilis Purple Robinia Kelseyi Purple Kelsey Locust *Viburnum alnifolium Changing from red to blue-black Hobblebush *Viburnum Sieboldii 11 46 6 6 4 4 " Siebold Viburnum *Viburnum tomentosum 46 44 61 16 11 Doublefile Viburnum * Of outstanding value. t Mentioned in notes. 73 FALL AND WINTER FRUITS Red Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry *Aronia arbutifolia~ Red Chokeberry Benzoin aestivale Spicebush **Berberis aggregata~ Salmon Barberry **Berberis chinensist Chinese Barberry *Berberis dictyophylla~ Chalkleaf Barberry *Berberis Gilgianal ’ Berberis koreana~ Korean Barberry **Berberis Thunber~;ii~ Japanese Barberry *Berberis Vernaet Verna Barberry **Berberis vul~aris~ European Barberry **Cotoneaster Dielsiana~ Diels Cotoneaster **Cotoneaster Spreading Cotoneaster divaricata$ ’ **Cotoneaster Franchetit Franchet Cotoneaster **Cotoneaster horizontals~ Rock Cotoneaster *Cotoneaster microphyllal Rockspray *Cotoneaster racemiflora soonhorica~ Songarian Cotoneaster *Cotoneaster salicifolia floccosa~ W illowleaf Cotoneaster *Cornus florida$ Flowerm~ Dogwood **Crataegus arnoldiana$ Arnold Hawthorn Crataegus crus-hall~$ Cockspur Thorn *Crataegus mollis~ Downy Hawthorn Crataegus oxyacantha~ English Hawthorn **Crataegus phaenopyrum (C. cordata~~ Washington Hawthorn *Evonymus alata~ Winged Euonymus *Evonymus atropurpurea~ Wahoo *Evonymus europaea atrorubens~ European Burninabush Evonymus obovata~ Running Euonymus Gaultheria procumbens Wintergreen **Ilex opaca$ American Holly **Ilex verticillata$ Common Winterberry Lonicera Maakii podocarpa Late Honeysuckle Magnolia species Magnolias *Malus atrosanguinea~ Carmine Crab *Malus "Hopa Crab"~ Hopa Crab Malus pumila Niedzwetzkyanat Redvein Apple *Mitchella repens Partridgeberry *Photinia villosa~ **Rhus copallina++ Shining Sumac **Rhus ~;labra~ Smooth Sumac **Rhus typhina~ Staghorn Sumac **Ribes fasciculatum.~’,. Winterberry Currant **Rosa multiflora+ Japanese Rose 74 G’oloneaster racemiflora soongorica has coral pink fruits. **Rosa rugosa . Rugosa Rose **Rosa setigera Prairie Rose **Rosa virginiana (R. lucida) Virginia Rose Rosa Wichuraiana Wichura Rose **Sorbus americana American Mountain-ash **Sorbus Aucuparia European Mountain-ash **Sorbus Mountain-ash decora~ , Showy **Symphoricarpus Chenaultii **Symphoricarpus orbiculatus (S. vulgaris) Coralberry **Taxus baccata~ English Yew **Taxus cuspidatak Japanese Yew **Taxus media Hicksii.~~. Hicks Yew **Viburnum dilatatum Linden Viburnum **Viburnum Opulus European Cranberrybush trilobum **Viburnum Cranberrvbush’ Blue Chionanthus vir~inica White Fringetree *Clerodendron trichotomum~ Harlequin Gloryhovrer Juniperus horizontalis Creeping Juniper **Juniperus virginiana Redcedar *Symplocos paniculata Asiatic Sweetleaf Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry *Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Black Berberis heteropoda~ Turkestan Barberry Cornus sanguinea Bl<n~dtwi~,>~ Dogwood Cotoneaster foveolatal Ilex crenata microphylla$ Littleleaf Japanese Holly Ilex glabrat Inkberry Ligustrum amurense~ Amur Privet Ligustrum ovalit«lium California Privet **Ligustrum vulgare European Privet **Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn ’ **Rhodotypos scandens (R. kerrioides) Jetbead Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose Viburnum acerifoliurn Mapleleaf Viburnum *Viburnum cassinoides* ~Vith e-rod Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree **Viburnum Lentago Nanny berry Viburnum pubescenst~ White *Baccharis halimifolia$ Groundselbush *Cornus racemosa (C. paniculata) Gray Dogwood Cornus rugosa (or light-blue) Roundleaf Dogwood *Symphoricarpus albus laevigatus Garden Snowberry (S. racemosus laevigatus) ~ ~) Miscellaneous Callicat-pa dichotomy Lilac violet Chinese Beautyberry Call~carpa japonica Violet Japanese Beautyberry Colutea arborescens Greenish Common Bladder-senna Cornus florida xanthocarpa Yellow **Crataegus pruinosat Dark purple Frosted Hawthorn Evonymus Bun~eana$ Pink Winterberry Euonymus **Htppophae rhamnoides$ Orange Common Sea-buckthorn **Ilex opaca xanthocarpa~ Yellow Maclura pom~fera+ Greenish Osage-orange **Malus arnoldiana$ Yellow Arnold Crab Malus baccata~ Yellow to red Siberian Crab *Malus brevipes~ Yellow to red **Malus floribunda~ Yellow to red Japanese Flowering Crab *Malus micromalus$ Yellow to red Midget Crab Malus prunifolia~ Yellow to red Chinese Apple *Malus torin~oides.j Yellow tu red Cutleaf