Pru Nus Contains Many Species and Cultivars, Pru Nus Including Both Fruits and Woody Ornamentals

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Biscogniauxia Granmoi (Xylariaceae) in Europe

©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Osten. Z.Pilzk 8(1999) 139 Biscogniauxia granmoi (Xylariaceae) in Europe THOMAS L£SS0E CHRISTIAN SCHEUER Botanical Institute, Copenhagen University Institut fiir Botanik der Karl-Franzens-Universitat Oster Farimagsgade 2D Holteigasse 6 DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark A-8010 Graz, Austria e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ALFRED GRANMO Trornso Museum, University of Tromse N-9037 Tromso, Norway e-mail: [email protected] Received 5. 7. 1999 Key words: Xylariaceae, Biscogniauxia. - Taxonomy, distribution. - Fungi of Europe, Asia. Abstract: Biscogniauxia granmoi, growing on Prunus padus (incl. var. pubescens = Padus asiatica) is reported from Europe and Asia, with material from Austria, Latvia, Norway, Poland, and Far Eastern Russia. It is compared with B. nummulana s. str., B. capnodes and B. simphcior. The taxon was included in the recent revision of Biscogniauxia by JU & al. {1998, Mycotaxon 66: 50) under the name "B. pruni GRANMO, L/ESS0E & SCHEUER" nom. prov. Zusammenfassung: Biscogniauxia granmoi, die bisher ausschließlich auf Prunus padus (inkl. var pubescens = Padus asiatica) gefunden wurde, wird aufgrund von Aufsammlungen aus Europa und Asien vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Belege stammen aus Österreich, Litauen, Norwegen, Polen und dem femöstlichen Teil Rußlands. Die Unterschiede zu B. nummulana s. Str., B. capnodes und H simphaor werden diskutiert. Dieses Taxon wurde unter dem Namen "B. pruni Granmo, l.aessoe & Scheuer" nom. prov. schon von JU & al. (1998, Mycotaxon 66: 50) in ihre Revision der Gattung Biscogniauxia aufge- nommen. The genus Biscogniauxia KUNTZE (Xylariaceae) was resurrected and amended by POUZAR (1979, 1986) for a group of Xylariaceae with applanate dark stromata that MILLER (1961) treated in Hypoxylon BULL., and for a group of species with thick, discoid stromata formerly placed in Nummularia TUL.
Conservation Plant Release Brochure for Catskill Dwarf Sand Cherry

A Conservation Plant Released by the Natural Resources Conservation Service Big Flats Plant Materials Center, Big Flats, New York Conservation Uses ‘Catskill’ Catskill is mainly used in shoreline and streambank stabilization practices and riparian buffer plantings, where Dwarf Sand Cherry low vegetation is preferred. Its growth habit makes it adapted to areas with ice floe problems. Prunus pumila var. depressa L. Due to its prostrate growth, it may become shaded out over time by taller vegetation. The fruits produced by Catskill are valuable for wildlife and is a very attractive plant and is used in ornamental landscaping. Area of Adaptation and Use Catskill grows well on gravelly or sandy soils along streams but has performed well on silt loam and calcareous soils. It will tolerate periodic flooding only for a short period. Its massive root system allows it to tolerate drought conditions. It is found from Ontario, Canada to the New York- Pennsylvania border and is adapted to USDA hardiness zones 3b to 6b. ‘Catskill' dwarf sand cherry planted among rip rap, in New York. ‘Catskill’ dwarf sand cherry (Prunus pumila var. depressa Establishment and Management for Conservation (L.)) was released in 1997, by the USDA Natural Plantings Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Big Flats Plant Establishment: Planting 1-0 nursery bare root stock of Materials Center and the Pennsylvania Game Commission Catskill is the preferred method of establishment. for its prostrate growth habit and immense root system. Planting should be in the spring, prior to June 1st, or in the fall after October 10th. The stock should be dormant at Description the time of planting.
Prunus Spinosa

Prunus spinosa Prunus spinosa in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats I. Popescu, G. Caudullo The blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) is a spiny, deciduous shrub which produces small, purple, edible plums. This species occurs mostly from south-central Europe up to southern Scandinavia, and eastwards to Asia Minor, growing in forest margins and open woodlands as part of Mediterranean thermophilous plant communities. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant and for fruit production, used to make jams, wine, vinegar and distillates. The blackthorn has no important threats, but it can be a natural host and potential reservoir of diseases affecting production of economically important fruits, such as apricots, plums, peaches and apples. The blackthorn, or sloe, (Prunus spinosa L.) is a spiny, deciduous shrub, growing 1-5 m tall. It forms a dense canopy with Frequency 1-4 intricate branches and numerous suckers . Secondary twigs < 25% 25% - 50% often transformed into a spine, initially velvety soft, reddish- 50% - 75% brown. The buds are globular oval, reddish-brown, more or less > 75% Chorology hairy. The bark is dark grey to blackish, slightly grooved. The Native leaves are alternate, 2-5 × 1-2 cm long, obovate to oblanceolate, or elliptical, with margins finely toothed, dull green in colour and hairless above, usually hairy on the veins underneath1, 3. The petioles are 0.2-1 cm long, often hairy. The stipules are elongate, Purple globose drupes covered with a frostlike bloom. glandular, toothed, and usually longer than petioles3. The flowers (Copyright Phil Sellens, www.flickr.com: CC-BY) are white, 1-1.7 cm wide, usually solitary, appearing before leaves, numerous, on about 0.5 cm long pedicels1-3.
Report of a Working Group on Prunus: Sixth and Seventh Meetings

European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20-21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1-3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers IPGRI and INIBAP operate under the name Bioversity International Supported by the CGIAR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20 –21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1 –3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON PRUNUS: SIXTH AND SEVENTH MEETINGS Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well- being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2006, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine.
FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2

ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1.
Ecological and Growth Characteristics of Trees After Resumption Of

Ecological and growth characteristics of trees after resumption of management in abandoned substitution forest in Japan NAKAJIMA, Hiroaki, KOJIMA, Hiromi, TACHIKAWA, Kotaro, SUZUKI, Kojiro and ROTHERHAM, Ian <http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-5760> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17162/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version NAKAJIMA, Hiroaki, KOJIMA, Hiromi, TACHIKAWA, Kotaro, SUZUKI, Kojiro and ROTHERHAM, Ian (2018). Ecological and growth characteristics of trees after resumption of management in abandoned substitution forest in Japan. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 14 (1), 175-185. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk 1 1 Ecological and growth characteristics of trees after resumption of management in 2 abandoned substitution forest in Japan 3 4 HIROAKI NAKAJIMA1, HIROMI KOJIMA2, KOTARO TACHIKAWA3, KOJIRO 5 SUZUKI1* and IAN D. ROTHERHAM4 6 7 8 1. Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of 9 Agriculture Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo156-8502, JAPAN 10 2. Fuji Zouen Corporation, Nakamachi 6-7, Mitsuzawa, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 11 city, 221-0851, Japan 12 3. Central Nippon Highway Engineering Tokyo Company Limited, 13 Nishi-shinjyuku1-23-7，Shinjyuku-ku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan 14 4. Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, 15 UK 16 17 *Author for Correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 18 19 Keywords: Basal area, Forest floor, Satoyama, Stand density, Succession, Trunk 20 circumferences 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 33 Abstract 34 Since the 1950s, secondary (substitution) forests known as Satoyama woods have been 35 abandoned due to changes in human lifestyle.
Plums on the Prairies by Rick Sawatzky

Plums on the Prairies by Rick Sawatzky Information from Literature Much has been published about pollination, pollinators, pollinizers, fertilization and fruit set in text books and periodicals. The definitions are not difficult. Pollination is the movement of pollen among compatible flowering plants (cross-pollination) or from anthers to stigmas on the same plant or different plants of the same clone (self-pollination). Many plants will self-pollinate but set very few fruit; some authors consider them self- pollinating but they are definitely not self-fruitful. Self-fruitful plants (and clones) set a crop of fruit after self-pollination; some of these plants bear fruit with no seeds (parthenocarpy); others develop seeds with embryos that are genetically identical to the parent plant (apomixis); and others produce haploid seeds that develop from an unfertilized egg cell. (When haploid seeds germinate they are very weak seedlings with only half the chromosomes of normal seedlings.) Regarding temperate zone tree fruits, self-pollination and fruit set does not mean self-fertility and the development of normal seeds. Many temperate zone small fruit species (e.g. strawberries and raspberries) are self-fertile and develop maximum yields of fruit with normal seeds as the result of self-pollination by insects. Pollinators, usually insects, are vectors of pollen movement. Pollinizers are plants which provide the appropriate pollen for other plants. Fertilization is the process in which gametes from the pollen unite with egg cells in the ovary of the flower. Normal seeds are usually the result of this process. Also, the principles are easily understood. Poor fertilization in plums and other Prunus species results in a poor fruit set.
Checklist of Illinois Native Trees

Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
Leaved Cultivars of Woody Landscape Plants to the Japanese Beetle

PEST MANAGEMENT HORTSCIENCE 37(2):362–366. 2002. purple/green leaves, whereas 25 of the 26 most resistant cultivars had completely green leaves (Spicer et al., 1995). The extent to which this Susceptibility of Purple- Versus Green- apparent color preference may apply to other woody plant species is unknown. leaved Cultivars of Woody Landscape The present study tested the hypothesis, across a range of plant genera and species, that Plants to the Japanese Beetle purple cultivars of woody landscape plants generally sustain more feeding damage from W. Jack Rowe, II1, Daniel A. Potter1,3, and Robert E. McNiel2 Japanese beetles than do green-leaved ones. We also sought to identify species and culti- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091 vars of purple-leaved woody plants that could Additional index words. integrated pest management, plant resistance, Prunus, Acer, Popillia be substituted for highly susceptible plant materials in areas where Japanese beetles are japonica abundant. Abstract. Twenty-six purple- or green-leaved cultivars representing 12 species of woody landscape plants were evaluated in the field for defoliation by Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) over three growing seasons. We further evaluated the hypothesis that, Materials and Methods within closely-related plants, purple cultivars generally are preferred over green ones by comparing beetles’ consumption of foliage in laboratory choice tests and their orientation Twenty-six purple- or green-leaved culti- to painted silk tree models baited with Japanese beetle lures. Cultivars of Prunus cerasifera vars (Table 1) representing 12 species of woody Ehrh. and hybrids of that species [e.g., Prunus ×cistena (Hansen) Koehne, Prunus landscape plants were evaluated in the field ×blireiana André] were more heavily damaged than nearly all other plants tested.
Prunus Tomentosa

Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Species: Prunus tomentosa (prue'nus to-men-toh'sah) Manchu Cherry; Nanking Cherry Cultivar Information * See specific cultivar notes on next page. Ornamental Characteristics Size: Shrub > 8 feet Height: 8' - 9' (spread 15') Leaves: Deciduous Shape: rounded Ornamental Other: full sun; tolerates extreme cold and wind Environmental Characteristics Light: Full sun Hardy To Zone: 3a Soil Ph: Can tolerate acid to alkaline soil (pH 5.0 to 8.0) Environmental Other: full sun; tolerates extreme cold and wind Insect Disease No diseases listed Bare Root Transplanting Any Other Edible fruit native to China and Japan; plant in groups for best fruiting 1 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Moisture Tolerance Occasionally saturated Consistently moist, Occasional periods of Prolonged periods of or very wet soil well-drained soil dry soil dry soil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Cultivars for Prunus tomentosa Showing 1-3 of 3 items. Cultivar Name Notes Leucocarpa 'Leucocarpa' - white fruits Orient 'Orient' - large orange-red fruits Pink Candles 'Pink Candles' - upright spreading form; deeply veined green foliage; pink flowers appear before foliage; small edible red cherries are excellent for jellies and preserves, also attracting birds; very hardy; grows to 5 - 10' tall x 10 - 20' wide 3 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Photos Prunus tomentosa - Flowers Prunus tomentosa - Flowers 4 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Prunus tomentosa - Leaves Prunus tomentosa - Habit 5 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Prunus tomentosa - Habit Prunus tomentosa - Habit 6 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Prunus tomentosa - Flowers 7.
Wild Plums Cherry Plums Sand Cherries

wild plums cherry plums sand cherries Wild plums, sand cherries, and cherry plums have ripening. Fruit varies from 1 to 1 ½ inch in diameter, the distinct plum characteristics of sour skins, sweet and fruits with soft, sweet flesh tend to be larger. flesh that sticks tightly to the pit, and pits that are flatter than they are round. Plants vary from shrubs to small trees. Wild plums (Prunus americana) are native to much of the U.S. North America is host to a variety of distinct plum species, but the only species widely planted in Minnesota is P. americana. Wild plums are typically large shrubs or small trees that sucker profusely, often sending out root suckers that sprout 20 or more feet from the mother plant. The fruit flesh is yellow, while the skin color varies from yellow to red, with the most common color being a red blush. Like most wild plants that are propagated from seeds, fruit quality varies tremendously. The best quality fruit has thick, sour skins, with sweet flesh that clings tightly to the pit. Some trees produce fruit with the texture of a golf ball that does not soften during Figure 41. Edible wild plums perennial fruit for northern climates 83 Sand cherries are small, native shrubs which Cherry plum is kind of a catch-all term for a number produce a small fruit that is closer to plums than of small fruited plums that belong to several related cherries. In some literature, all sand cherries are put species. Most produce red or purple fruit.
The Buffer Handbook Plant List

THE BUFFER HANDBOOK PLANT LIST Originally Developed by: Cynthia Kuhns, Lake & Watershed Resource Management Associates With funding provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Maine Department of Environmental Protection,1998. Revised 2001 and 2009. Publication #DEPLW0094-B2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements 1 Introductory Information Selection of Plants for This List 1 Plant List Organization & Information 3 Terms & Abbreviations 4 Plant Hardiness Zone Map 5 General Tree & Shrub Planting Guidelines 5 Tips for Planting Perennials 7 Invasive Plants to Avoid 7 Plant Lists TREES 8 (30 to 100 ft.) SHRUBS 14 Small Trees/Large Shrubs 15 (12 to 30 ft.) Medium Shrubs 19 (6 to 12 ft.) Small Shrubs 24 (Less than 6 ft.) GROUNDLAYERS 29 Perennial Herbs & Flowers 30 Ferns 45 Grasses 45 Vines 45 References 49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Original Publication: This plant list was published with the help of Clean Water Act, Section 319 funds, under a grant awarded to the Androscoggin Valley Soil and Water Conservation District and with help from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Graphics and ‘clip-art’ used in this document came from the University of Wisconsin-Extension and from Microsoft Office 97(Small Business Edition) and ClickArt 97 (Broderbund Software, Inc). This publication was originally developed by Cynthia Kuhns of Lake & Watershed Resource Management Associates. Substantial assistance was received from Phoebe Hardesty of the Androscoggin Valley Soil and Water Conservation District. Valuable review and advice was given by Karen Hahnel and Kathy Hoppe of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection. Elizabeth T. Muir provided free and cheerful editing and botanical advice.