Johann Walter and Martin Lutha: Theology and Music in the Early Lutheran Church
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University of Alberta Johann Walter and Martin Lutha: Theology and Music in the Early Lutheran Church 'JY Katherine Joan Sander O A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfdlment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Music Edmonton, AIberta Spring 1998 National Libraw Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KtA ON4 Canada Canada Yaur hle Votre re/erence Our fi& Noire referencrr The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of ths thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in ths thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author' s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Soli Deo Gloria The subject of this thesis is Johann Walter, known as the fmt K'or of the Lutheran Church. It is an investigation of his life and works, with an emphasis on the theology of the early Lutheran Chmh. Whaî was later to becorne known as the doctrine of justification is the focal point for an examination of the musical writings of both Martin Luther and Walter. The writings of two other refonners, Philip Melanchthon and Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt, are examineci in light of their disparate outcornes with regard to music. A detailed description of the liturgid reforrns begun by Luther is provided as a framework for his theological criteria in rnatters of adiapbm such as music. The writings of contemporary music theurisu Johannes Tinctoris, Nicolaus Listenius, Adrian Petit Coclico, Nicolaus Burtius and Hermann Finck are explored for insight into musical matters, especially the affect of the modes While much has previously been writien about the music of the Refmtion, the relatively small amount of literaîure in English does not provide an adequaîe pichue of the theology involved. This thesis is an attempt to rectiQ thaî situation. Many people were instrumental in the making of this thesis. My father, Dr. Bruce Hanison, whom 1 wilI always ad&, taught me from an early age to wnte with clarity. My ever-patient husband, Mark Sander, was there for support, encouragement, and most importantly to oppose me in mock debates My supewisor, Dr. Brian Harris, taught me to believe that 1 was a scholar. He has ben an unending weii of academic inspiration Al1 three men have taught me the value of scholanhip and the communication of ideas. My CO-workers,.Ms.Carrnen Leconte and Mr. James Whittle, have ken more than accornmodating in my tirnes of greatest need 1 could not have completed the task had it not been for their continued support. Mr. Whittle, Music Librarian at the University of Alberta, was also on hand whai I stayed after work as a student. He answered many reference questions and was most accommodating with the purchase of relevant matmiais. Ms. Car01 Farrar, Librarian at Concordia Lutheran Seminary, has been graciously tolerant of many ovadue books. Concordia Publishg House was hdenough to dow me to reproduce a chart from Luther's works. Many other Family memben and fnends have been cuntinually patient There are some who have anticipated the day of completion even more eagerly than 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS I . GENER4L HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ......................... ... ....... 1 Martin Luther ......................................................................... 3 Politid Events of In terest .......................................................... 4 Johann Walter ...................................................................... 4 Eady Life and Education ....................................................... 4 The Torgau ~~e ..................................... ... ................. 7 nieT~auK~leandLatinSchoo1........................................ 9 The Dresden Hofipelle ...................... .. .............. ...*.......*..*.. 12 Return to Torgau ...................... .. ................................ 13 LutheronMusic ..................................................................... 15 InPraiseofMusic ............................................................... 15 Luther on Secular Music ....................................................... 18 Luther on Walter and Other Composers ...................................... 19 Walter on Music ..................................................................... 20 In Praise of Music ............................................................... 21 Walter on Secular Music ..................... .................................. 25 Walter on Luther .............................. .. ............................... 26 Otha Refmation Writings on Music ........................ .. ................. 28 Philip Melanchthon ............................................................. 28 AnCtteasBodensteinvonKarlstadt .................................., ......... 30 III . THELmGYOFTHEEARLYLmERmCHURCH .................... 33 Luther'sRefomoftheLiturgy .................................................... 33 The Fonnuh rnissae ............................................................ 37 The Deursche Messe ............................. .. ............................. 39 IV . MUSIC THEORY AND AESïHECICS IN WALTER'S TIME ................ 43 Johannes Tinctoris ..................................... ............................ 43 Nicolaus Listenius ................................. ... ...... 45 Adrian Petit Coclico ................................................................. 46 Nicolaus Burtius and Hermann Finck ............................................. 49 V . THE MUSIC OF WALTER ............................ .. ......................... 50 A Survey of Walta's Werk ......................................................... 50 The Geisrliches GesangbGchkin ( 1 524) .......................................... 51 The Individual Songs and Latin Motets ........................................... 52 The Passions ......................... ,.., ..... ....................................... 53 The Unpublished Psairns. Magmficats. and Fugues ............................ 54 Canriones Septum Vocwn .......................................................... 55 Mugmifiat motommm ............................................................ 57 Das Chrisrich Kinderllied D. Manini Luthen Erhalt wrr HEm etc. ( 1566) ... 57 Anonymous and Apparently Spurious Compositions ........................... 58 The Pœms lVithoutMusic ..................... ... ............................. 58 A Selection in Detail: Hddselligr. mein 's Hemm Trm ......................... 58 On the Affect of t5e Modes ........................................................... 61 VI . CONCLUSION ................................... ,.., O.-............................ 64 A . LUTHER'S PREFACE TO THE GEISTLlCHES GESANGBUCHLEIN (2524):TWOTRANSLATIONS .................................................... 65 C . INDMDUAL GERMAN SONGS AND LATIN MOTETS NOT INCLUDED IN THE GESANGB~CHER........................................ 95 D. LOB UND PREIS DER LdBLICHEN KUNST MUSICA DURCH H . JOHANN WALTER WITTENBERG 1538................................. 96 E . HOLDSELIGER. MEIN'S HERZENS TROST ................................... 99 BIBLIOGRAPW .............................................................................. 103 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Chronology of Events ................................................................. 2 2 . Family Tree of Charles V ............................................................. 5 3 . Cornparison of the Missale Romaruun to Luther's Fornida missae and De~scheMesse .......................................... 35 LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES Example Page 1 . HerrChri~t~dereinigGottsSohn................................................... 61 2 . O Gort Varer. du harr Govalr ...................... ... ............................ 62 3 . Sünder. dein Wonerhbr ich nichr ................................................... 62 4 . ChristmerHemaanJordanh ................................................. 63 5 . Gon har das Evangelim gegeben ................................................... 63 CHAPTER ONE GENERAL, HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Although the Reformation was to have a momentous effect on the theology of the Christian Church, it had a very humble beginning. In northem Gerrnany, far hmthe seat of Rome, a lowly monk who was teachîng at the University of Wittenberg had a simple revelation. That revelation, which was lata to develop into the doctrine of justification, becarne a crucial point in the undastanding of Scriptme and authority in the Church. What began as a simple theological question was to have profound hmlogical and musical i mplications. The monk was, of course, Martin Luther. The details of Luther's life and his contemporary politicai and religious environment can be found in rnany tex& on the Reformation. ' For the purposes of this study, a chronologjcai