Fascism and History
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'The Italians and the IWMA'
Levy, Carl. 2018. ’The Italians and the IWMA’. In: , ed. ”Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth”. The First International in Global Perspective. 29 The Hague: Brill, pp. 207-220. ISBN 978-900-4335-455 [Book Section] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/23423/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] chapter �3 The Italians and the iwma Carl Levy Introduction Italians played a significant and multi-dimensional role in the birth, evolution and death of the First International, and indeed in its multifarious afterlives: the International Working Men's Association (iwma) has also served as a milestone or foundation event for histories of Italian anarchism, syndicalism, socialism and communism.1 The Italian presence was felt simultaneously at the national, international and transnational levels from 1864 onwards. In this chapter I will first present a brief synoptic overview of the history of the iwma (in its varied forms) in Italy and abroad from 1864 to 1881. I will then exam- ine interpretations of aspects of Italian Internationalism: Mazzinian Repub- licanism and the origins of anarchism, the Italians, Bakunin and interactions with Marx and his ideas, the theory and practice of propaganda by the deed and the rise of a third-way socialism neither fully reformist nor revolutionary, neither Marxist nor anarchist. -
Fascist Italy's Illiberal Cultural Networks Culture, Corporatism And
Genealogie e geografie dell’anti-democrazia nella crisi europea degli anni Trenta Fascismi, corporativismi, laburismi a cura di Laura Cerasi Fascist Italy’s Illiberal Cultural Networks Culture, Corporatism and International Relations Benjamin G. Martin Uppsala University, Sweden Abstract Italian fascists presented corporatism, a system of sector-wide unions bring- ing together workers and employers under firm state control, as a new way to resolve tensions between labour and capital, and to reincorporate the working classes in na- tional life. ‘Cultural corporatism’ – the fascist labour model applied to the realm of the arts – was likewise presented as a historic resolution of the problem of the artist’s role in modern society. Focusing on two art conferences in Venice in 1932 and 1934, this article explores how Italian leaders promoted cultural corporatism internationally, creating illiberal international networks designed to help promote fascist ideology and Italian soft power. Keywords Fascism. Corporatism. State control. Labour. Capital. Summary 1 Introduction. – 2 Broadcasting Cultural Corporatism. – 3 Venice 1932: Better Art Through Organisation. – 4 Italy’s International Cultural Outreach: Strategies and Themes. – 5 Venice 1934: Art and the State, Italy and the League. – 6 Conclusion. 1 Introduction The great ideological conflict of the interwar decades was a clash of world- views and visions of society, but it also had a quite practical component: which ideology could best respond to the concrete problems of the age? Problems like economic breakdown, mass unemployment, and labour unrest were not only practical, of course: they seemed linked to a broader breakdown of so- Studi di storia 8 e-ISSN 2610-9107 | ISSN 2610-9883 ISBN [ebook] 978-88-6969-317-5 | ISBN [print] 978-88-6969-318-2 Open access 137 Published 2019-05-31 © 2019 | cb Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License DOI 10.30687/978-88-6969-317-5/007 Martin Fascist Italy’s Illiberal Cultural Networks. -
The Italians and the Iwma
chapter �3 The Italians and the iwma Carl Levy Introduction Italians played a significant and multi-dimensional role in the birth, evolution and death of the First International, and indeed in its multifarious afterlives: the International Working Men's Association (iwma) has also served as a milestone or foundation event for histories of Italian anarchism, syndicalism, socialism and communism.1 The Italian presence was felt simultaneously at the national, international and transnational levels from 1864 onwards. In this chapter I will first present a brief synoptic overview of the history of the iwma (in its varied forms) in Italy and abroad from 1864 to 1881. I will then exam- ine interpretations of aspects of Italian Internationalism: Mazzinian Repub- licanism and the origins of anarchism, the Italians, Bakunin and interactions with Marx and his ideas, the theory and practice of propaganda by the deed and the rise of a third-way socialism neither fully reformist nor revolutionary, neither Marxist nor anarchist. This chapter will also include some brief words on the sociology and geography of Italian Internationalism and a discussion of newer approaches that transcend the rather stale polemics between parti- sans of a Marxist or anarchist reading of Italian Internationalism and incorpo- rates themes that have enlivened the study of the Risorgimento, namely, State responses to the International, the role of transnationalism, romanticism, 1 The best overviews of the iwma in Italy are: Pier Carlo Masini, La Federazione Italiana dell’Associazione Internazionale dei Lavoratori. Atti ufficiali 1871–1880 (atti congressuali; indirizzi, proclaim, manifesti) (Milan, 1966); Pier Carlo Masini, Storia degli Anarchici Ital- iani da Bakunin a Malatesta, (Milan, (1969) 1974); Nunzio Pernicone, Italian Anarchism 1864–1892 (Princeton, 1993); Renato Zangheri, Storia del socialismo italiano. -
A British Reflection: the Relationship Between Dante's Comedy and The
A British Reflection: the Relationship between Dante’s Comedy and the Italian Fascist Movement and Regime during the 1920s and 1930s with references to the Risorgimento. Keon Esky A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. University of Sydney 2016 KEON ESKY Fig. 1 Raffaello Sanzio, ‘La Disputa’ (detail) 1510-11, Fresco - Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican. KEON ESKY ii I dedicate this thesis to my late father who would have wanted me to embark on such a journey, and to my partner who with patience and love has never stopped believing that I could do it. KEON ESKY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis owes a debt of gratitude to many people in many different countries, and indeed continents. They have all contributed in various measures to the completion of this endeavour. However, this study is deeply indebted first and foremost to my supervisor Dr. Francesco Borghesi. Without his assistance throughout these many years, this thesis would not have been possible. For his support, patience, motivation, and vast knowledge I shall be forever thankful. He truly was my Virgil. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the whole Department of Italian Studies at the University of Sydney, who have patiently worked with me and assisted me when I needed it. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Rubino and the rest of the committees that in the years have formed the panel for the Annual Reviews for their insightful comments and encouragement, but equally for their firm questioning, which helped me widening the scope of my research and accept other perspectives. -
Traversing Borders (Univ of California, Riverside, 12 May 12)
Traversing Borders (Univ of California, Riverside, 12 May 12) Riverside, CA - USA, May 12, 2012 Jeanette Kohl, University of California Riverside University of California, Riverside First Annual Art History Graduate Conference: "Traversing Borders" Saturday, May 12, 2012, 9 am - 5:30 pm at the California Museum of Photography (CMP) 3824 Main Street, Riverside CA. Keynote Speaker: Dr. Steve Hindle, W.M. Keck Foundation Director of Research, Huntington Library, San Marino CA Not very often, if ever, does academic scholarship fit neatly into the confines of a single label. Whether it crosses between disciplines or regional or temporal borders, most academic studies are more complex than they initially seem. The ‘Italian’Renaissance deals with a geographic region made up of independent city-states that were not, at the time, defined as a single region. Anthropologists in Latin America and Asia consider cultures that are inextricable from the multi- tude of others with which they traded for hundreds of years. Many musicians cite painters as influ- ences, and those painters may have been influenced by performance theory. Some crossover jumps outside the humanities even, with architects influenced by nature and artists by medicine and anatomy. It is the duplicity of these labels that we wish to address from different angles with “Traversing Bor- ders.” 9:00 – 9:30 am Registration 9:20 – 9:30 am Welcome address Harmony Wolfe and Erin Machado, Co-chairs of Traversing Borders Jeanette Kohl, Graduate Advisor, UC Riverside, History of Art 9:30 - -
12 the Return of the Ukrainian Far Right the Case of VO Svoboda
12 The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right The Case of VO Svoboda Per Anders Rudling Ukraine, one of the youngest states in Europe, received its current borders between 1939 and 1954. The country remains divided between east and west, a division that is discernible in language, culture, religion and, not the least, historical memory. Whereas Ukrainian nationalism in the 1990s was described in terms of “a minority faith,” over the past half-decade there has been a signifi cant upswing in far-right activity (Wilson, 1997: 117–146). The far-right tradition is particularly strong in western Ukraine. Today a signifi cant ultra-nationalist party, the All-Ukrainian Association ( Vseukrains’ke Ob ’’ iednanne , VO) Svoboda, appears to be on the verge of a political breakthrough at the national level. This article is a survey, not only of its ideology and the political tradition to which it belongs but also of the political climate which facilitated its growth. It contextualizes the current turn to the right in western Ukraine against the backdrop of instrumental- ization of history and the offi cial rehabilitation of the ultra-nationalists of the 1930s and 1940s. MEMORIES OF A VIOLENT 20TH CENTURY Swept to power by the Orange Revolution, the third president of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko (2005–2010), put in substantial efforts into the pro- duction of historical myths. He tasked a set of nationalistically minded historians to produce and disseminate an edifying national history as well as a new set of national heroes. Given Yushchenko’s aim to unify the country around a new set of historical myths, his legitimizing historians ironically sought their heroes in the interwar period, during which the Ukrainian-speaking lands were divided, and had very different historical experiences. -
The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: a Profile
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1966 The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile. Aldo U. Marchini University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Marchini, Aldo U., "The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile." (1966). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6438. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6438 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript and are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was scanned as received. it This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE ITALIAN COkkUNIST PARTY 1921 - 196A: A PROPILE by ALDO U. -
Medical Disinterestedness: an Archaeology of Scientificness and Morality in the Canadian Medical Profession
Medical Disinterestedness: An Archaeology of Scientificness and Morality in the Canadian Medical Profession by Helen Hyunji Kang M.Sc. (Public Health Sciences), University of Toronto, 2005 B.A.Sc. (Arts and Science), McMaster University, 2002 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Helen Hyunji Kang 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2013 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Helen Hyunji Kang Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) Title of Thesis: Medical Disinterestedness: An Archaeology of Scientificness and Morality in the Canadian Medical Profession Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Stacy Pigg, Professor of Anthropology Dr. Cindy Patton Senior Supervisor Professor of Sociology Dr. Dany Lacombe Committee Member Professor of Sociology Dr. Zoë Druick Committee Member Associate Professor, School of Communication Dr. Lara Campbell Internal Examiner Associate Professor, Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies Dr. Nancy Tomes External Examiner Professor, Department of History SUNY Stony Brook University Date Defended/Approved: April 17, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence Abstract In this dissertation I consider the emergence of and the shifts in the scientific and moral standards in the Canadian medical profession, or what I call medical disinterestedness. I examine editorial content from medical journals as a discursive space in which professional norms are constituted. -
Capitalism, Socialism Villagism ?
CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM OR VILLAGISM ? By BHAHATAN KUMARAPPA With • forswDid by MAHATMA GANDHI SHAKTI KARYALAYAM ROYAPETTAH MADRAS FIRST EDITION: MAY li)46 ALL BIGHTS RESERVED pn«mD ON nAN»-lU*>" PAM* RUPEES FIVE Printed By Shakti PreBB Ltd., U5-E. Mowbray's Road, Royapettih, Mftdraa. For Sh»kti Karyalayam, PublUherB. Madr«. India FOEEWORD Dr. Bharatan Kumarappa has, in his pages on * * Villagism '', a new word coined by him, furnished the lay reader and the village worker, not conversant with books on economics, a comparative and historical study of the modern movements known as Capitalism and Socialism, not excluding Marxism and Commun^ism, and has earnestly, and I think convincingly shown, amongst other reasons advanced by hira, that the past two wars of our generation have proved the utter bankruptcy of such economic orders. Incidentally, the wars seem to me to have proved the bankruptcy of war, meaning in forcible and naked language violence, which is not less because it is organised by states reputed to be civilized. Whether non• violence will effectively replace violence for keeping the peace of the world remains to be seen. Certain it is that mankind, if it continues along its mad career of exploitation of the weak by the strong, must rush to annihilation foretold in all iieligions. Dr. Bharatan Kumarappa shows that **Villagism'' as it is being attempted in India, based as it is on truth and non-violence, is well calculated to avert the doom. If the reader is interested in the life- saving process, he must turn to the instructive pages written by Dr. -
The Contemporary Relevance of Protest Song Aileen Dillane, Martin
Stand Up, Sing Out: The Contemporary Relevance of Protest Song Aileen Dillane, Martin J. Power, Amanda Haynes and Eoin Devereux Sound is an integral part of protest, and singing is a way for ordinary people, as well as amateur or professional musicians, to sonorously raise their voices in an appeal for justice. The intimate and sensuous activity of singing, in solo form or as part of a collective, has a power and persuasiveness beyond mere rhetoric. Because of music’s ubiquity, its presence in all cultures, and its fundamental ownership by all human beings, it is a medium and a performance act that is essentially recognisable, familiar, and translatable; therefore, it has the potential to reach across social and political divides, or, at the very least, reveal our shared humanity. Music, of course, is not intrinsically good or inherently utopian, even if, in making music – in musiking - people celebrate not only who they are, but also often who they hope to become (Small 1998: xi). Like any medium, music can be used for malign propaganda purposes. It can disinform, it can proselytise, it can incite, and it can exclude; singers, song texts and performance activities may, in fact, be part of the very systems that reproduce oppressive structures and behaviours (Turino 2008). But when singing is mobilized in order to counter injustice, to challenge inequality, to rise above hate and fear, to appeal against the normalisation of bigotry, racism, misogyny, homophobia, and a myriad of other anti-democratic, anti-human practices, then the power of song is revealed as affective, persuasive, ethical and hopeful. -
Radicalism Or Reformism? Socialist Parties Before World War I
Radicalism or Reformism? Socialist Parties before World War I Gary Marks Heather A. D. Mbaye University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill University of West Georgia VU Amsterdam Hyung Min Kim Inha University This article builds on social movement theory to explain ideological variation among socialist, social democratic, and labor parties across 18 countries in the early twentieth century. We propose a causal argument connecting (1) the political emergence of the bourgeoisie and its middle-class allies to (2) the political space for labor unions and working-class parties, which (3) provided a setting for internal pressures and external opportunities that shaped socialist party ideology. Combining quantitative analysis and case studies, we find that the timing of civil liberties and the strength of socialist links with labor unions were decisive for reformism or radicalism. Refining Lipset’s prior analysis, we qualify his claim that male suffrage provides a key to socialist orientation. hanges in class and political relations in all industrial societies. Unlike the “Cwithin industrially developedDelivered societies, by Ingentacenter/periphery to : and religious cleavages arising much like the shifts in left-wing politicsUniversity in the of North Carolina Tue, 18 Aug 2009from 20:55:06 nation-state formation and the United States and Europe, may be analyzed Reformation, the class cleavage characterizes all within the framework of an ‘apolitical’ industrial societies. In this article, we ask why Marxism—that is, by accepting the proposition that conflict varied so decisively prior to World that technological advances and the distribu- War I: Why were some socialist parties radical tion of economic classes determine the politi- and others reformist? cal and cultural superstructures, but without Socialist, social democratic, and labor parties assuming that socialism will succeed capital- formed across Europe, North America, and ism” (Lipset 2001:77). -
Fascinating Fascism in North America
Reviews 115 But such are the limitations of an image-based art history in relation to the social history of art. Lee argues well in trying to interpret these gaps and lacunae in the historical evidence, and certainly does a good job in using the images for his defense. If some of the interpretations seem pressed, that makes the argument subject to further review and discussion by scholars. He is to be commended for attempting the difficult task of making sense of a clearly contradictory and complex history. In essence, Lee's sweeping saga is emblematic of stronger currents in contemporary social art history. The social for Lee is a complex term, combining biography, iconography, institutional history, political history, and labour history, all with an attention to explaining how and what painting precisely meant at a given place and given time to a specific audience. That he takes as his subject the crucial period in U.S. labour history of the pre-World War I1 era is no coincidence. Rather, this period still has resonance with leftist and labour debates to our own day. Lee's text thus contributes to the problems and possibilities with which such leftism has to contend. Part of the remnants of this leftist moment is the continued deification of Rivera as an all-important artist. Few would disagree that Rivera was significant. But Lee gives us new material and a new context in which we can place the production and contribution of Rivera. As such, his text thoroughly debunks the notion of an iconic leftist "master" and instead shows the artist to be part and parcel of a much more complex, much more contradictory, and hence much more realistic moment in the cultural and political production of the left.