DOCSLIB.ORG

Micronesia in Review: Issues and Events, I July I993 to 30 June I994

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Micronesia in Review: Issues and Events, I July I993 to 30 June I994 W.iii6t1GQ"fNMI!WMmhdMi.M;IIRiiRlMjMMIMl;;;*W@ijfi!f!M!6iiijfHWM\WMA99!!!ti!IP;;;S;;H.M4Ai!il fiAllRWtRlfmllmlM- .ilIM........... Micronesia in Review: Issues and Events, I July I993 to 30 June I994 Reviews of Federated States of Micro­ of the constitutional amendment plebi­ nesia, Guam, Kiribati, and Marshall scite a year earlier. Sixty-eight percent Islands are not included in this issue. of Belau's voters accepted the compact. However, the Koror town voters, as BELAU usual, were the most critical of the The eighth compact plebiscite and agreement with a yes acceptance of related court cases, a national master only 54 percent. For a decade, Koror plan project, and the push for compact voters have been skeptical of the com­ implementation were the key events in pact, and the center of this opposition Belau for 1993-94. has been two ecumenical groups made Besides voting for congressional and up mostly of women: the Catholic chief executive candidates in the Women's Group, Kltal-Reng, a grass­ November 1992 election, the people of roots movement organized in 1979 to Belau agreed, by a margin of 62 per­ lobby in support of the original cent yes to 38 percent no, to amend nuclear-free Belau constitution, and their constitution, setting aside the 75 Otil A Belaud which emerged in 1987 percent requirement for approval of during the hostility of the furlough the Compact of Free Association period. The ideology of both groups Agreement with the United States. consists of three principles: to protect What was striking in the plebiscite the sovereignty and sovereign identity results is that only about half of of Belau; to protect the integrity of the Koror's voters accepted the amend­ Belau Constitution as an expression of IlleI1t:,_wh~re<l§ vot~rsiIlJherlll"al yil­ §~lf:(kt~rIl1iI1a!iQI1;_aI!CLtQ_t<lkea. lages of Babeldaob, Kayangel, Peleliu, stance supporting a clean environment and Angaur islands voted nearly 70 and opposing nuclear and military percent yes on the change. In addition activities. In short, the women fear to internal factional feuding, the 75 rapid cultural change and the United percent constitutional requirement for States military. agreements involving dangerous sub­ In addition to this hard-core ideo­ stances delayed compact approval for logical opposition, a quiet but effective a decade. political opposition emerged, led by In November 1993, the people of Johnson Toribiong, who lost the presi­ Belau voted for the eighth and, most dential race in November 1992, and likely, last time on the compact agree­ his core supporters. The development ment, which provides Belau self­ of such opposition is quite normal government, sovereignty, and approxi­ given the intense political competition mately $480 million in financial assis­ and factionalism that characterize tance in exchange for military and Belau politics. President Nakamura territorial denial rights for the United and his backers maneuvered adeptly in States. The results of the eighth refer­ responding to and controlling tensions endum were more positive than those created by the opposition. The presi- 126 POLITICAL REVIEWS 127 dent lined up support in the national of 1969. The compacts of the Republic congress and from the traditional of the Marshall Islands and the Feder­ chiefs and many of the state governors. ated States of Micronesia include For example, at a pre-referendum specific reference to application of meeting in late October 1993 at the the 1969 Act. On the other hand, the Belau Community Association Bai relaxation of environmental protec­ 'meetinghouse' on Guam, six national tions in the Belau Compact vis-a-vis congressmen and a state governor those of the two independent states from Belau spoke enthusiastically was a negotiating initiative of former about the compact. The Nakamura President Lazarus Salii in exchange administration actively supported the for the numerous compact funding compact and a considerable amount of increases. For example, the investment travel by executive and legislative fund was increased from $60 million branch leaders took place to campaign to $70 million. The fact that the plain­ off island on behalf of the compact. tiffs may not be able to demonstrate Despite Belau's approval of the injury, together with the fact that a compact in November 1993, the issue relaxation of environmental standards is not yet closed. In January 1994, was mutually negotiated, agreed upon, women of Otil A Belaud (meaning "to and ratified by the Belau electorate set the anchor securely") filed three may weaken the women's case con­ suits in Koror and on Saipan. Two siderably. suits were dismissed. However, two of In July 1993 Belau began an ambi­ the women, Isabella Sumang and tious national master development Nancy Wong, Otil A Belaud members, planning effort with nearly $800,000 gained the support of the Right Liveli­ of funding support from the US hood Foundation, London, and-filed Department of Interior and toe United yet another suit with the US District Nations Development Program. The Court in Honolulu. Their complaint planning work is being carried out by was based on a strategy of attacking an Australian company, SAGRIC Inter­ what they perceived as the weak national Proprietary Limited, which is environmental protections in the com­ expected to submit its final report to pact. The London-based foundation the Belau National Congress, the employed attorney George Allen, a Olbill Era Kelulau, in November specialist in environmental law, who 1994. The work is being done in con­ has claimed that "penguins have more junction with a special task force con­ environmental protections than sisting of individuals from all levels of Palauans" (Pacific Daily News, 4 Mar the Belau government and chaired by 1994,3)· Moses Uludong, former governor of This suit may have more merit than Ngchesar State and publisher of the the previous ones. Allen claims that Tia Belau newspaper. The major out­ sections 162 and 163 of the Belau comes of the planning effort will con­ Compact release the United States sist of detailed action plans and from complying with the standards of recommendations for achieving sus­ the National Environmental Policy Act tainable economic, social, and physical MM·UAilbM:g;;;;; II MiMW"4ij mil 'WBMy MNMM& "A' AWAfiMJ Wi • ns-mnr 128 THE CONTEMPORARY PACIFIC· SPRING 1995 development of Belau to the year Belau respond to shortfalls in reve­ 2020; promoting private sector and nue-both local and from the com­ national wealth creation; defining pact-to cover growing costs of opera­ policies and procedures for manage­ tions, maintenance, and development? ment of resources of land, foreshore, Finally, what should Belau do about its and seas; achieving human resources poor loan pay-back record and the development; improving physical proliferation of small banks in Koror? infrastructure and support services; In 1994 both Congressman Ron de strengthening institutions and build­ Lugo and Secretary of the Interior ing capacity for planning and moni­ Bruce Babbit visited Belau. Although toring. the visits tended to be more symbolic Although the planning effort is than substantive, Babbit's July trip making good progress, the SAGRIC addressed transition issues, indicating master planner, Dr Donald Townsend, that implementation of the compact was suddenly terminated in mid-June is getting serious attention in Wash­ 1994 by his superiors at the company. ington, DC. There had been some tension between Since Belau's separation from the the master planner and the president's other political entities of Micronesia in office early in 1994, when the govern­ 1978, the compact has been a divisive ment recognized it needed to prepare and controversial issue for the people. an Economic Development Plan. Such Roman Tmetuchl, Haruo Remeliik, a plan is required by section 23 I of the Alfonso Oiterong, Lazarus Salii, compact to assure economically effec­ Thomas Remengesau Sr, and Ngiratkel tive expenditure of US funds, which Etpison have all yearned to lead Belau during year one amount to some $228 out of its trust territory wilderness and .... million;·President Nakamura; in his intofreely·associatedstatus~President State of the Republic Address of 12 Nakamura will, finally, realize the April 1994, said that the two plans privilege. On 23 May 1994, he met should complement each other. "The with United States government offi­ EDP covers our current status and eco­ cials, and both sides agreed that the nomic goals related to CIP funding Compact of Free Association shall while the Master Plan [the United enter into force on I October 1994. Nations-Department of Interior-sup­ The following day, both governments ported effort] is to deal with broader announced the agreement in remarks issues through the year 2020." Naka­ before the United Nations Trusteeship mura sees the two plans as providing Council, and a draft resolution termi­ "a blueprint for a viable future." Be nating Belau's trust status was given that as it may, some nagging long-term limited distribution by the council. The planning questions remain: What can draft's pertinent section states that the be done to improve the low productiv­ council requests "the Government of ity of Belau's work force? How will the United States, in consultation with individuals in Belau respond to the the Government of Palau, to agree on a high inflation expected in the freely date on or about I October 1994 for associated state period? How will the full entry into force of the Compact POLITICAL REVIEWS 129 of Free Association, and to inform the COMMONWEALTH OF THE Secretary-General of the United NORTHERN MARIANA Nations of that date." Significantly, ISLANDS the Secretary-General is requested by the resolution to circulate as official During the past year the frenzy over documents all material received from Article XII and the land alienation issue the Administering Authority pursuant peaked, then came the campaign and to the resolution.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2016 Country Review
    Palau 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Palau 4 Pacific Islands 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 9 Political Risk Index 16 Political Stability 31 Freedom Rankings 46 Human Rights 58 Government Functions 60 Government Structure 61 Principal Government Officials 65 Leader Biography 67 Leader Biography 67 Foreign Relations 68 National Security 72 Defense Forces 73 Chapter 3 75 Economic Overview 75 Economic Overview 76 Nominal GDP and Components 77 Population and GDP Per Capita 79 Real GDP and Inflation 80 Government Spending and Taxation 81 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 82 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 83 Data in US Dollars 84 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 85 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 86 World Energy Price Summary 87 CO2 Emissions 88 Agriculture Consumption and Production 89 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 91 Metals Consumption and Production 92 World Metals Pricing Summary 94 Economic Performance Index 95 Chapter 4 107 Investment Overview 107 Foreign Investment Climate 108 Foreign Investment Index 110 Corruption Perceptions Index 123 Competitiveness Ranking 135 Taxation 144 Stock Market 144 Partner Links 144 Chapter 5 146 Social Overview 146 People 147 Human Development Index 148 Life Satisfaction Index 151 Happy Planet Index 163 Status of Women 172 Global Gender Gap Index 174 Culture and Arts 184 Etiquette 185 Travel Information 185 Diseases/Health Data 194 Chapter 6 199 Environmental Overview 199 Environmental Issues 200 Environmental Policy 202 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 203 Global Environmental Snapshot 214 Global Environmental Concepts 225 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 240 Appendices 264 Bibliography 265 Palau Chapter 1 Country Overview Palau Review 2016 Page 1 of 277 pages Palau Country Overview PALAU Palau is an island nation in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines.
    [Show full text]
  • Tour Guide Manual)
    KOROR STATE GOVERNMENT Tour Guide Training and Certification Program Contents Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... 4 Palau Today .................................................................................................... 5 Message from the Koror State Governor ...........................................................6 UNESCO World Heritage Site .............................................................................7 Geography of Palau ...........................................................................................9 Modern Palau ..................................................................................................15 Tourism Network and Activities .......................................................................19 The Tour Guide ............................................................................................. 27 Tour Guide Roles & Responsibilities ................................................................28 Diving Briefings ...............................................................................................29 Responsible Diving Etiquette ...........................................................................30 Coral-Friendly Snorkeling Guidelines ...............................................................30 Best Practice Guidelines for Natural Sites ........................................................33 Communication and Public Speaking ..............................................................34
    [Show full text]
  • Issues Associated with Palau's Transition to Self-Government
    .l.-__l__._ _.I- _.--._.- --_ .- ~ .___. _. “._“., .“.l_ __ll_i_LI--,.. ..l.l...ll-l -- July I!)%!1 U.S. TRUST - TERRITORY Issues Associated. With Palau’s Transition to Self-Government National Security and International Maim Division B-230633 July 19, 1989 The Honorable Morris K. Udall Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs House of Representatives The Honorable George Miller Chairman, Subcommittee on Water, Power, and Offshore Energy Resources Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs House of Representatives The Honorable Ron de Lugo Chairman, Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs House of Representatives This report summarizes our response to your request that we review US, agencies’ oversight and assistance to the Republic of Palau and issues related to Palau’s financial management, law enforcement, power plant, and referenda to approve a Compact of Free Association with the United States. The report includes recommendations to the Secretaries of the Interior and State, and the Attorney General to enhance Palau’s financial management and law enforcement systems and provide greater assurance that compact funds will be used as intended. A supplement to this report contains more detailed information on issues you asked us to address, including major contracts and agreements entered into by the government of Palau for infrastructure and services, law enforcement capabilities and U.S. law enforcement assistance, Palau’s 1987 compact-related referenda, and potential problems regarding U.S. military use and operating rights in Palau following compact implementation. l As arranged with your office, unless you publicly announce its contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report until 30 days from its issue date.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Palau 2004
    National Integrity Systems Transparency International Country Study Report Republic of Palau 2004 Lead Consultants Peter Larmour and Manuhuia Barcham Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA Transparency International National Integrity Systems 2004 Publication Details Author: Donald R. Shuster, Professor, Micronesian Areas Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, 96923. Acknowledgements: The author is especially indebted to the individuals listed at the end of this report who made themselves available for interview and were very generous with their time and trust when discussing good governance, corruption, and anti-corruption measures in the Republic of Palau. Biographic details: Donald Shuster had the good fortune of living and working in the Republic of Palau for ten years. He has published nearly one hundred newspaper, magazine, and academic articles about Palau. In 2002 he completed the first research-based biography about a Micronesian leader, entitled Roman Tmetuchl: a Palauan visionary, and is working on a second book about contemporary politics in Palau. First published 2004 by Transparency International Australia P.O. Box 41 Blackburn South Victoria 3130 Australia http://www.transparency.org.au ISBN 0 9752277 3 4 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of Transparency International Australia on behalf of the copyright owners. This research was funded by AusAID. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Commonwealth of Australia (Cth), Transparency International Australia (TIA) or Asia Pacific School of Economics and Governance at The Australian National University (APSEG).
    [Show full text]
  • Elections, Compact, and Assassination in the Republic of Palau
    ELECTIONS, COMPACT, AND ASSASSINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF PALAU Donald R. Shuster University of Guam Introduction When Charlie Gibbons and Joseph Tellei, native policemen during Jap- anese rule of Palau (1914-1944), returned from Guam in 1947 after a U.S. Navy-sponsored workshop on Western-style government, they be- came the local experts in the new institution of elected government.1 Some months earlier, thirty-one Palauans had been elected as members of the Palau Congress, which in 1955 rewrote its charter to form the Olbiil Era Kelulau Era Belau (Palau’s Congress of Whispered Deci- sions). In 1963 this body reorganized itself as the Palau Legislature. At the same time, the leading members of the legislature formed the Lib- eral and Progressive parties, which provided candidates for the seven Congress of Micronesia elections (1965-1976). These parties, based more on personalities than platforms, disintegrated in 1978 during debate on a unified Micronesia. On the issue of Micronesian unity, Roman Tmetuchl and his faction opposed it and urged Palauan separation. On the other hand, Lazarus Salii and his group supported political federation with the other ethnic areas of Micronesia--Truk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Yap, and the Marshall Islands--under a constitution drafted by islanders in 1975. The Palau separatists won in a close vote, 55 percent no to 45 percent yes. This Pacific Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1--November 1988 23 N I~' 8° ()()' North W_-+-..;;.-;;.;;o..;~=--__ E c::;~~':;:;'::: s .' :-.) ; Ngerchelong , 1- 0° .- I" ~-I .: ,..J .'1 ;... .0·",,,,,'." ... ~ ... - • 0" : ~_ •• N~aremleng\li :~ _.-40:_........ : Airai !/ Not shown ar.
    [Show full text]
  • President Haglelgam Attends SPC Forum
    Congress concluded Third Special Session - see Page 4 THE NATIONAL UNION PEACE • UNITY • LIBERTY AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE PEOPLE OF FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Volume 9 Kolonia, Pohnpei, Aug.-Sept. issue, 1988 Number 7 President Haglelgam attends SPC Forum NUKUALOFA, Tonga (FSM INFOR- recommendations for which it has the recent years, the Forum urged Japan MATION SERVICE) - The 19th South capacity, to implement its programs and other donors to ensure that their Pacific Forum concluded its meeting on and strengthen its capacity for eco- procedures for aid delivery take ac- September 21 in Tonga with the signing nomic analysis and advice and to raise count of the capacities, characteristics and issuance of a 36-point Communi- with relevant member governments and the particular needs of its island que. Among major points were the re- those matters which require policy deci- countries. appointment of Forum Secretariat sions on their part. The Forum expressed appreciation (SPEC) Director Henry Naisali of While expressing appreciation that to Australia for a contribution of A$2.5 Tuvalu for another three-year term and Canada and Japan in particular have million to establish a team of civil avia- the acceptance of the invitation by the substantially increased the level of their tion experts to begin implementation of Beretitenti (President) of Kiribati, the economic assistance to the region in (Continued on Page 8) Honorable leremia Tabai, to host the 20th Forum in 1989. The Communique covers six major topics of consideration and six other related issues. Major issues include: Economic; Political and Security; Insti- tutional; Nuclear matters; Telecom- munications, and Fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Palau Integrated Marine Protected Area Model
    Palau Integrated Marine Protected Area Model The Final Report of The Project for Exploratory Research on Models of a Micronesian Marine Protected Area FY 2010-2011 The Sasakawa Peace Foundation The Sasakawa Pacific Island Nations Fund CopyrightⒸ 2013 by The Sasakawa Peace Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher, except for the purpose of a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, broadcast or online service. The Sasakawa Pacific Island Nations Fund, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation The Nippon FoundationBldg., 4th Fl. 1-2-2, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Phone: +81-3-6229-5450 Fax: +81-3-6229-5473 URL: http://www.spf.org/spinf/ Edited by Chihiro Sato, Administrative Staff, SPINF Junichi Koyanagi, Program officer, SPINF Supported by Yuriko Hasegawa, Assistant Manager, SPINF Printed at Tobi Co.,Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Contents Foreword The Micronesia Marine Environment Committee Members Glossary Chapter 1 Project Overview ··············································································································································· 1 1.1 Background and Objectives ·························································································································· 1 1.2 Scope and Content of Project Implementation ··························································································· 2 1.2.1 Establishment of the Micronesia Marine Environment
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Thesis Wouter Veenendaal
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20735 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Veenendaal, Wouter Pieter Title: Politics and democracy in microstates : a comparative analysis of the effects of size on contestation and inclusiveness Issue Date: 2013-04-10 CHAPTER EIGHT Ngelekel Belau The Republic of Palau Figure 8.1: Map and Location of Palau 1 1. Introduction: The Pacific, an Ocean of Democracy On 14 November 1993, in the eighth referendum that was held on the issue, 68.4% of Palauan voters cast a ballot in favor of the proposed Compact of Free Association (COFA) of their country with the United States. As a consequence of this result, on the first of October 1994 the Republic of Palau became an independent state, and the last trusteeship in the world finally ceased to exist (Leibowitz 1996: 199). In the preceding fifteen years, the procedure of approval of the COFA had spawned seven referendums, numerous lawsuits, at least two political murders, and the complete polarization of Palauan society (Wilson 1995: 34). Traditional leaders, women’s councils, and international environmental organizations spearheaded the opposition to the Compact, which was in conflict with the antinuclear provisions of the Palauan Constitution and therefore required the approval of 75% of Palauan voters (Gerston 1990: 180). Only after the United States-government decided to repeal and modify some of the nuclear stipulations in the COFA as a result of which the approval of an 1 Retrieved from the CIA World Factbook (CIA World Factbook 2011). 222 absolute majority of Palauans became sufficient to ratify the agreement, independence could finally be attained.
    [Show full text]
  • Uhm Phd 4463 R.Pdf
    -tf-Y1~V'L.- YIY/Oj­ KP PJ t-U,p f~d." ..tt\a t M J4 C .... lnlyd Epistemological Articulations: (eel/,? /rf the: Blebaol, Klomengelungel ma Tekoi er Belau .J~"J """i,t.,~. h r~ ,r~,L C"clAhJ (I' #i" f Tt q ...1:, .J!~ ff a dissertation submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawai'i at Manoa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in EDUCATION AUGUST 2004 By Isebong Maura Asang Dissertation Committee: Joseph Tobin, Chairperson Anne Bayer Michael Hayes Richard Johnson Terence Wesley-Smith Copyright © by Isebong M. Asang 2004 111 Dedication This is for my parents Francisco and Nglodch Asang, who began this journey, For Victoria Wachi and Magaria Wachi-Tell, who left too soon, Andfor the elders who shared their wisdom, but are not here to see the seeds take root, Dirababelblai Emesiochel and Father Felix Yoach, May you all rest in peace. IV Acknowledgements The completion of this dissertation has been a long journey. Many have in one way or another shared in both the tears and the joy in its accomplishment. There are many of you, and others before you, whose names by right should appear on the byline of this dissertation, not mine. If not for your encouragement and inspiration, I would not have been emboldened to achieve such a monumental task. No words on this earth can convey the gratitude I have for those of you who have so graciously given of your time and efforts in making this journey possible.
    [Show full text]
  • IRUSTEESHIP GEJITER.AJ"J T/PV.L524 Ouncil Library 18 Hay 1082 MAY 2 0 1982 FNGLISP: UN/SA COLLECTJON Forth-Ninth Session
    IN/TED NATIONS Distr. IRUSTEESHIP GEJITER.AJ"J T/PV.l524 OUNCil liBRARY 18 Hay 1082 MAY 2 0 1982 FNGLISP: UN/SA COLLECTJON Forth-ninth Session VF.RBATIM RECORD OF THE FIFTEEN HUNDRFD Al'ID THENTY-FOURTH HEFTING Held at Headquarters, rTew York, on Tuesday 9 18 rray 1982, at 10. 30 a .m. President: Hr. POUDADE (France) Examination of the annual report of the Administering Authority for the year ended 30 September 1981: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (sontinued) Programme of 1vork This record is sub,ject to correction. Corrections should be submitted in one of the workinlj lanp:uages, preferably in the same languae;e as the text to ivhich they refer. They shoulcl. be set forth in a memorandum and also, if possible, incorporated in a copy of the record. 'I'hey should be sent, -vrithin one week of the (l_ate of this docUJllent, to the Chief, Official Records Editing Section) Department of Conference Services, room A-3550, 866 United Nations Plaza. Any corrections to the records of the meetine:s of this session Hill be consolidated in a sing:le corrigendurn, to be issued shortly after the end of the session. 82-60539 MLG/bo T/PV.l524 2 The meeting was called to order at 10.45 a.m. EXJU.UNATION OF' THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ADMINISTERING AUTHORITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 1981: TRUST TERRITORY OF' THE PACI"F'IC ISLANDS (T/1837, T/L.l228 and Add.l-3) (continued) At the invitation of the President, Mrs. McCoy, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Full PDF
    Job Name:2176939 Date:15-03-11 PDF Page:2176939pbc.p1.pdf Color: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black DEMOCRACY IN THE ISLANDS The U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which includes most of Micronesia, is made up of 2,141 islands, 98 of them inhabited. They cover a land area of only 1,850 square kilometers but are scattered over 7.8 million square kilometers in the western Pacific Ocean. DEMOCRACY IN THE ISLANDS THE MICRONESIAN PLEBISCITES OF 1983 AUSTIN RANNEY AND HOWARD R. PENNIMAN American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Washington, D. C. Distributed to the Trade by National Book Network, 15200 NBN Way, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214. To order call toll free 1-800-462-6420 or 1-717-794-3800. For all other inquiries please contact the AEI Press, 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 or call 1-800-862-5801. Austin Ranney is codirector of AEI's Program in Political and Social Processes, a former president of the American Political Science Asso­ ciation, and editor of Referendums: A Study in Practice and Theory and The Referendum Device. Howard R. Penniman is codirector of AEI's Program in Political and Social Processes, general editor of AEI's "At the Polls" studies of elections in democratic countries, and an observer of elections in a number of countries, including Bolivia, South Vietnam, El Salvador, and Zimbabwe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ranney, Austin. Democracy in the Islands. (AEI studies; 420) 1. Referendum-Micronesia (Federated States) 2. Plebiscite-Micronesia (Federated States) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Singeo Hawii 0085A 10817.Pdf
    (RE) ENGAGING INDIGENEITY IN PLANNING: EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONFLICTS AND WOMEN’S HUMAN RIGHTS IN PALAU A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING AUGUST 2020 By Klouldil Ulang Singeo Dissertation Committee: Karen Umemoto, Chairperson Dolores Foley David Hanlon Luciano Minerbi Terence Wesley-Smith, University Representative Keywords: indigenous epistemology, indigenous planning, culture, feminist theory Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the many individuals who have contributed a great deal of support and assistance towards the completion of this dissertation. First, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my committee chair, Dr. Karen Umemoto, whose mentorship and guidance have been crucial in my academic journey. I am thankful for all the support and encouragement she gave me during the longs years spent undertaking field research and writing in Palau. Without her guidance and feedback this PhD would not have been achievable. I would also like to extend my sincere gratitude to my dissertation committee members for their endless patience throughout the dissertation writing process. Each member provided insightful advice and created a supportive environment, making the process enjoyable. Completing this dissertation would not have been possible without the contributions of many passionate individuals in Palau who generously gave of their knowledge. I would like especially to acknowledge Bilung Gloria Salii and the Mechesil Belau for sharing their knowledge and insights crucial to this dissertation, and for allowing me to enter their space – to listen and observe and to learn from them.
    [Show full text]