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Final Report Palau Integrated Marine Protected Area Model

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Final Report Palau Integrated Marine Protected Area Model Palau Integrated Marine Protected Area Model The Final Report of The Project for Exploratory Research on Models of a Micronesian Marine Protected Area FY 2010-2011 The Sasakawa Peace Foundation The Sasakawa Pacific Island Nations Fund CopyrightⒸ 2013 by The Sasakawa Peace Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher, except for the purpose of a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, broadcast or online service. The Sasakawa Pacific Island Nations Fund, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation The Nippon FoundationBldg., 4th Fl. 1-2-2, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Phone: +81-3-6229-5450 Fax: +81-3-6229-5473 URL: http://www.spf.org/spinf/ Edited by Chihiro Sato, Administrative Staff, SPINF Junichi Koyanagi, Program officer, SPINF Supported by Yuriko Hasegawa, Assistant Manager, SPINF Printed at Tobi Co.,Ltd., Tokyo, Japan Contents Foreword The Micronesia Marine Environment Committee Members Glossary Chapter 1 Project Overview ··············································································································································· 1 1.1 Background and Objectives ·························································································································· 1 1.2 Scope and Content of Project Implementation ··························································································· 2 1.2.1 Establishment of the Micronesia Marine Environment Committee 1.2.2 The Micronesia Marine Environment Committee Meetings 1.2.3 Field Studies 1.3 The Report’s Structure ·································································································································· 4 Chapter 2 Targeted Regions of Study ····························································································································· 6 2.1 Micronesia Region Overview ······················································································································· 6 2.1.1 From WWI to the End of WWII 2.1.2 From the End of WWII to the Foundation and Independence of Autonomous Government 2.1.3 The Current Situation in the Micronesia Region 2.2 Marine Conservation Efforts in the Micronesia Region ············································································ 9 2.3 Background to Selection of Republic of Palau as a Specific Area of Study ········································· 10 Chapter 3 General Outline of the Republic of Palau ······························································································ 12 3.1 Basic Information ········································································································································ 12 3.1.1 Geography 3.1.2 Demographical and Social Statistics 3.1.3 Politics 3.1.4 Traditional Authorities 3.1.5 National Government 3.1.6 State Governments 3.1.7 Nature 3.1.8 Conditions Surrounding Land-Use 3.2 Protection of Biodiversity and Needs for Sustainable Use of Resources ·············································· 21 3.2.1 Demands on Establishment of Marine Protected Areas 3.2.2 Food Safety and Possible Changes in Demands in Marine Protected Areas Chapter 4 Environmental Conservation Efforts in the Republic of Palau ····················································· 25 4.1 Relevant Organizations ······························································································································· 25 4.1.1 National Institutions 4.1.2 Micronesia Regional Organizations 4.1.3 Pacific Regional Organizations 4.1.4 International Organizations and NGOs 4.2 Environmental Conservation Efforts in the Republic of Palau after the Establishment of the Autonomous Government ·········· 29 4.2.1 National Government and State Governments 4.2.2 Efforts Undertaken by the Autonomous Government 4.2.3 Achievements as of Year 1995 4.2.4 Achievements Up Until Year 2005 4.2.5 Efforts Undertaken after Year 2006 4.3 Regulations: Palau National Code Annotated (PNCA) ··········································································· 31 4.3.1 TITLE 24 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (24 PNCA) 4.3.2 TITLE 27 FISHING (27 PNCA) 4.3.3 TITLE 35 PUBLIC LANDS (35 PNCA) 4.3.4 TITLE 39 REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY (39 PNCA) 4.4 Efforts Surrounding Sea Life Protection - Dugong Conservation ·························································· 34 4.4.1 Importance of Protecting Dugongs 4.4.2 Dugongs in the Republic of Palau and Types of Threats to Dugong Habitats 4.4.3 Strengthening of Dugong Conservation Efforts 4.4.4 Dugong Conservation Efforts by the Private Sector 4.4.5 Other Areas of Sea Life Protection 4.5 Protected Areas ············································································································································ 37 4.5.1 Current status of establishment of protected areas 4.5.2 Definition and Classification of Marine Protected Areas 4.5.3 Definition and Classification of Terrestrial Protected Areas Chapter 5 Coastal Fisheries Sector ································································································································ 43 5.1 Geographical Composition ························································································································· 43 5.1.1 Composition of the Palauan Islands and Marine Habitats 5.1.2 Overview of Fisheries and Marine Biodiversity in the Republic of Palau 5.1.3 Main Trends and Issues in the Fisheries Sector 5.1.4 Marine Fisheries 5.1.5 Freshwater Fisheries 5.1.6 Recreation 5.1.7 Aquaculture 5.2 Utilization of Marine Resources ················································································································ 47 5.2.1 Fish Utilization 5.2.2 Fish Markets 5.3 Fishery Sector Performance ······················································································································· 47 5.3.1 Economic role of fisheries (both coastal and offshore) in the national economy 5.3.2 Demand 5.3.3 Supply 5.3.4 Trade 5.3.5 Employment 5.3.6 Rural Development 5.4 Development of the Fisheries Sector ········································································································· 49 5.4.1 Constraints in the Fisheries Sector 5.4.2 Opportunities in the Fisheries Sector 5.4.3 Research 5.4.4 Strengthening of the Fisheries Sector and the Development of Coastal Marine Environment 5.5 Fisheries Sector Institutions and Legal Framework ················································································· 51 5.5.1 Fishery Sector Institutions and their Roles 5.5.2 Legal Frameworks Chapter 6 Field Studies in the Republic of Palau ····································································································· 53 6.1 Information Gathering by Relevant Organizations ·················································································· 53 6.1.1 State and Public Organizations in the Republic of Palau 6.1.2 State Governments 6.1.3 NGOs and Regional Organizations 6.1.4 Relevant Persons and Figures 6.2 Information on Protected Areas Designated as Subjects of Study ························································· 60 6.2.1 Ngermedellim Marine Sanctuary (Chapter 4, Table 4.1 No.12) 6.2.2 Ngatpang Conservation Areas (Table 4.1 No.8,9 and 10) 6.2.3 Ileyakl Beluu (Table 4.1 No.3) 6.2.4 Ngermasech Conservation Area (Table 4.1 No.4) 6.2.5 Ngermeduu Bay Conservation Area (Table 4.1 No.11) 6.2.6 Teluleu Conservation Area (Table 4.1 No.27) 6.2.7 Ebiil Conservation Area (Table 4.1 No.2) 6.2.8 Ngiwal Conservation Area and Nature Reserve 6.2.9 Rock Island Southern Lagoon Management Area (Table 4.1 No.30) 6.2.10 Airai State Conservation Areas (Table 4.1 No.19) 6.3 Field Studies in the Republic of Palau: Significant Site ·········································································· 67 6.3.1 Ngiwal 6.3.2 Ngermeduu Bay 6.3.3 Ngerikiil Chapter 7 Protected Areas Network (PAN) ··············································································································· 89 7.1 PAN Act and Revised PAN Act ················································································································ 89 7.2 Roles of Relevant Organizations ··············································································································· 90 7.2.1 National Level 7.2.2 State Level 7.3 Enforcement of Penalties and Merits of PAN Registration ···································································· 93 7.3.1 Penalties Arising from PAN Registration and Strengthening of Law Enforcement Efforts 7.3.2 Merits 7.4 Structure of Public Finance ························································································································ 94 7.4.1 Green Fee 7.4.2 Micronesia Challenge Endowment Fund 7.5 Mechanisms of PAN ··································································································································· 96 7.5.1 Registering with PAN 7.5.2 Mechanisms of PAN 7.6 Current situation of the Protected Areas and Protected Areas Network (as of May, 2012) ·············· 100 7.6.1 Situation of the Establishment of Protected Areas 7.6.2 Current status of registration with PAN 7.6.3 Revision of the Green Fee 7.6.4 The Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project Chapter
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