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IP Video Contribution for Broadcasters Bojan Nedelcev Systems Engineer SPVTG – Emerging Markets Belgrade, November 2009 DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 Presentation Outline Video Contribution Landscape Video Compression Technologies JPEG 2000 Compression Format DCM IP Video Gateway D9093/D9094 AVC Contribution Codec DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 Contribution and Distribution Network High-Level Diagram PrimaryPrimary SecondarySecondary DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3 Compression technology Choosing the Right Horse Bitrate Trade-off PQ Latency Technology VeryVery LowLow TraditionalTraditional VeryVery HighHigh UncompressedUncompressed Bit-RateBit-Rate CompressedCompressed QualityQuality HD:HD: <20Mbit/s<20Mbit/s HD:HD: <100Mbit/s<100Mbit/s HD:<500Mbit/sHD:<500Mbit/s HD:HD: 1.51.5 // 3Gbit/s3Gbit/s SD:SD: <8Mbit/s<8Mbit/s SD:SD: <50Mbit/s<50Mbit/s SD:SD: <100Mbit/s<100Mbit/s SD:SD: 270Mbit/s270Mbit/s AVCAVC AVCAVC JPEG2000JPEG2000 MPEG-2MPEG-2 MPEG-2MPEG-2 DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4 IP Contribution landscape – HD example Bit rates Uncompressed • Error Correction: Standardization Terrestrial: • Transport: Standardization RTP/UDP 1.5G/3G Post production Inter-studio contribution Sports contribution JPEG2k <500Mbps Regional News • 4:2:2 10 bit resolution • I mode only • Error Correction: Standardization • Transport: Standardization MXF/ MPEG-2 over RTP/UDP • 4:2:2 8-bit resolution MPEG-2 • I/P/B mode • Error Correction: SMPTE 2022 <100Mbps Satellite: • Transport: MPEG-2 TS over RTP/UDP Special events MPEG-4 Inter-studio contribution • 4:2:2 8-bit or 10-bit resolutions AVC • I/P/B mode Sports contribution • Error Correction: SMPTE 2022 • Transport: MPEG-2 TS over RTP/UDP DSNG, DTNG: MPEG-4 • 4:2:0 8-bit resolution Field news coverage AVC • I/P mode only <20Mbps • Error Correction SMPTE 2022 • Transport: MPEG-2 TS over RTP/UDP Latency Ultra low Very low Low latency latency latency <150msec <300msec <800msec DMN User ConfConf-RS-RS © 20082008 CCiscoisco SySystems,stems, Inc. AlAlll rrightsights reservreserved.ed. Cisco Confidential Cisco Confidential 5 Latency (E2E Delay) using an IP Network End2End Delay Network Delay Endcoding Delay Queuing Serializ. Buffer/Framestore/Decoding Delay Delay Transmission Delay (<1ms/100km) Delay SDI/ASI SDI/ASI Source Adapter/Enc Adapter/dec Uncompressed: < 1ms Dejittering buffer: <<1 msec 10-200ms JPEG2000 encoding*: FEC will of course also add delay to the end-to-end, very JPEG2000 decoding*: 55 msec @ 25Hz dependent on FEC configuration. 20 msec @ 25Hz 50 msec @ 30Hz With Pro-MPEG FEC CoP4 the maximum matrix size can be 18 msec @ 30Hz as large as 1500 RTP packets, which equals 1375 bytes x 1500 packets (max): • 61 ms at SDTV 270Mbit/s Gen-lock delay: • 12 ms at HDTV 1.485Gbps. Up to 40 msec @ 25Hz Realistic FEC delays are in the range of 5 ms – even with (optional) JPEG2K compressed HD. Network Dejittering Compression/ FEC Gen-lock Total delay buffer Packetization Uncompressed Typical < 5ms 20 ms << 1ms 5 ms <33 ms <63 ms Uncompressed Best case < 1ms 10 ms << 1ms None 0 ms 5-10 ms JPEG2K @30Hz Typical < 5ms 20 ms 68ms 5 ms <33 ms <140 ms JPEG2K @30Hz Best case < 1ms 10 ms 68ms None 0 ms 80 ms * These are depending on implementation and not set by the standard (can be higher) DMN User Conf-RSConf-RS © 200 20088 CCiscoisco SySystems,stems, Inc. AlAlll rrightsights reservreserved.ed. CiscoCisco ConfidentialConfidential 6 Cisco Full Range of Contribution Products Typical Latency & Bit-Rate Criteria MPEG-4 AVC JPEG 2000 Uncompressed D9054 AVC Encoder B/W: 4 to 20 Mbps Lat: > 1 sec Latency D9094 AVC Contribution Codec DCM Gateway DCM Gateway B/W: 1.5 to 3 Gbps B/W: 4 to 38 Mbps B/W: 40 to 500 Mbps Lat: 5 to 70 msec Lat: 270 to 500 msec Lat: 80 to 140 msec DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Bitrate 7 Video Compression Technologies DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 Uncompressed Video SDI Video - Related Standards Terminology Standard Bit Rates Video Formats SD-SDI SMPTE 259M 270Mbps 480i29.97, 576i25 720P50/59.95, HD-SDI SMPTE 292M 1.5Gbps 1080i25/29.97 Dual Link 2 x SMPTE 372M 1080P50/60 HD-SDI 1.5Gbps 3G-SDI SMPTE 424M 3Gbps 1080P50/60 DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 SDI Video Uncompressed vs JPEG2K compressed Uncompressed: EAV SAV VANC •All samples from the SDI signal is RTP Field 1 encapsulated. active video •This also means that by default we support HANC VANC SDTI, as the transport and encapsulation Field 2 cannot see the difference between an active video 270Mbit/s SD-SDI signal or an 270Mbit/s SDTI signal. JPEG2K Compressed: EAV SAV VANC •Video samples are JPEG2K compressed Field 1 •Embedded Audio channels are user selected active video and not compressed. HANC VANC •Anciallary data are user selected and not Field 2 compressed or slightly compressed (TXT). active video •All elements from one frame are MXF wrapped and RTP encapsulated. DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11 MXF Material eXchange Format What is MXF? – Wrapper for video, audio, ancillary data and metadata – An interchange file format – Primarily designed for storage and file transfer – Used in Camcorders like Panasonic P2, SONY XDCAM HD, Grass Valley Infinity – Used in various digital workflow systems like Avid, in the Adobe Premiere Pro video editing suite, as well as in Apple Final Cut Studio – Standardized within SMPTE What is MXF over RTP? – Adaptation of MXF for RTP video streaming – Collect all data for one frame (compressed video (eventually JPEG2K), audio, ancillary data, etc.) in one MXF Content Package DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12 RTP Encapsulation MPEG-2 TS & MXF This is currently being standardized! The standardization work is done within VSF (Video Service Forum) and EBU There are two paths under consideration – MPEG-2 TS – MXF Within VSF there is working to finalize the MPEG-2 TS first, and the MXF secondly Within EBU the priority is the opposite. EBU, with the broadcasting community behind them is a strong speaker for MXF, especially because it can carry other existing formats and have metadata embedded in the stream DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 JPEG 2000 Compression Format DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 JPEG2000 Today’s Compression Formats Comparisons MPEG-2 / AVC AVC I-only JPEG-2000 Compression Ratio Highest Medium / High Medium / Low Compression Latency Large Low Low Resolution 8-bit 8-bit 10-bit (10 bit in 4:2:2profile) Compression Basis Block & Entropy (AVC) Block & Entropy smoother Picture Quality Affects multiple frames Single Frame only Single Frame only Dependency Quality Loss Cascading (multiple - Quality Loss Quality Loss encode/decode chains) Possible w/o quality loss Under Error Correction SMPTE-2022 SMPTE-2022 standardization MPEG-2 TS or MPEG-2 TS over MPEG-2 TS over Transport Layer MXF over UDP/RTP UDP/RTP UDP/RTP License Scheme Yes Yes Free Open Technology Yes Yes Yes DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 JPEG2000 versus MPEG-4 AVC (INTRA & IP) Study conducted by Ali Jerbi, Ph.D Purpose of study: – Evaluate performance of these two compression technologies for HD sequences at a range of bitrates of ~50-250Mbps Results: - Recommendations for deployment of JPEG2k versus MPEG-4 AVC compression technologies for specific bitrate ranges DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16 JPEG-2000 vs MPEG-4 I/IP Conclusion AVC Intra – JPEG-2000 and MPEG-4 Intra performs similarly at high bitrates (100Mbps and higher) – MPEG-4 Intra generally outperforms JPEG-2k slightly at lower rates (50Mbps and lower) – When visual frequency weighing is enabled, JPEG-2k produces, in some cases, better visual quality than MPEG-4 Intra. Need to use QP scaling for MPEG-4 AVC for a more fair comparison AVC IP-frames – MPEG-4 AVC IP significantly outperforms JPEG-2k especially at low and medium rates (~80Mbps and lower). – May add one frame of latency. JPEG 2000 – Very LOW latency at high bitrates – Robust, scalable quality, lossless compression – Inexpensive DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17 JPEG2000 Compression Theory Compression process Wavelet filtering Quantization Bitplane encoding Codestream building DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18 JPEG2000 Compression Process Tiling – The image YCbCr can be split into tiles, rectangular regions of the image that are transformed and encoded separately. Typically one single tile is used. (full frame – best quality) Wavelet based image compression standard – A wavelet - is a mathematical function used to divide the picture into different frequency components (sub-bands). Then wavelet coefficients are generated for all frequency sub-bands. – By itself the Wavelet Transform does not compress image data; it restructures the image information so that it is easier to compress Quantization and Entropy encoding – A study of each component with a resolution that matches the compression bitrate. – The quantized sub-bands are split into rectangular regions. Each of these rectangular regions are then further broken down into code blocks and then entropy coded. This is context modelling and arithmetic coding on a code block. DMN User Conf-RS © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19 JPEG2000 Compression Theory Wavelet Filters The filters are one-dimensional and are (9,7) floating point wavelet applied in the horizontal and vertical directions.
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