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Fearn Wind Energy Project Fearn Wind Energy Project Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Richard Gauld BSc(Hons) IEng MInstMC Dip. DesInn Dip. GeoSci Orkney Sustainable Energy Document OSE/2871 Section 2 1 June 2010 Fearn Wind Energy Project Landscape and Visual Assessment Report OSE/2871 Section 2 June 2010 Project Developer: David S Sutherland Tullich Farm Fearn Ross-shire IV20 1XW Project researcher: Emma Dunsmuir Visual Assessment: Richard Gauld IEng MInstMC BSc(Hons) Dip. GeoSci Dip. DesInn Orkney Sustainable Energy Ltd 6 North End Road Stromness Orkney KW16 3AG Telephone 01856 850054 Facsimile 01856 851239 Email [email protected] Richard Gauld is Honours qualified in Earth Sciences and Design and is registered as a professional engineer with the Engineering Council of Great Britain. 2 Orkney Sustainable Energy Document OSE/2871 Section 2 1 June 2010 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 THE PROJECT 6 3 SCALE OF THE DEVELOPMENT; DETERMINING TURBINE SIZE 7 3.1 TURBINE DIMENSIONS 7 3.2 DESIGN ELEMENTS 7 3.3 TURBINE IDENTIFICATION 9 4 PLANNING LEGISLATION AND HIGHLAND COUNCIL WIND ENERGY POLICY 12 5 LANDSCAPE PLANNING DESIGNATIONS 13 6 IMPACT UPON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND VISUAL RESOURCE 16 6.1 LANDSCAPE CONTEXT 17 6.2 METHODOLOGY 17 6.3 VIEWPOINTS 17 6.4 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL SENSITIVITY 17 6.5 GRADING OF LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL SENSITIVITY 18 6.6 MAGNITUDE OF CHANGE TO LANDSCAPE CHARACTER 19 6.7 MAGNITUDE OF CHANGE TO VISUAL AMENITY 19 6.8 GRADING OF MAGNITUDE OF EFFECT 19 6.9 SIGNIFICANCE MATRIX 20 6.10 LANDSCAPE EFFECTS 20 6.11 VISUAL IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE 22 7 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 26 7.1 ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE LANDSCAPE EFFECTS 26 7.2 ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE VISUAL EFFECTS 27 7.3 CUMULATIVE ZONES OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY 27 7.4 CUMULATIVE WIREFRAME ANALYSIS 28 7.5 SEQUENTIAL EFFECTS 28 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 30 APPENDIX A CUMULATIVE ZTV APPENDIX B NEIGHBOUR WIREFRAMES 3 Orkney Sustainable Energy Document OSE/2871 Section 2 1 June 2010 Summary Conclusions Turbine Selection The Fearn Wind Energy Project has been designed around a 2 MW scale wind turbine, with a 78m tower and a 41m blade. The actual turbine to be used by the project will not be selected until nearer the construction date, however a maximum tip height of 120m will not be exceeded. This report demonstrates that the visual impact of the turbines of this scale is not highly significant and that the project is appropriate for the proposed location. Impact on Designated Landscapes The proposed turbines are to be located on a derelict airfield and have been assessed as having Medium significant effects on the landscape elements around the area, with at most Medium/High significant effects upon the nearest Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Listed Buildings The Dornoch Firth National Scenic Area is a special location with views over mountain, sea and coastal countryside, and although a highly sensitive area there are no direct impacts upon the Dornoch Firth by the project. The turbines are over 10km from the nearest viewpoints in the Firth, and are subservient to the landscape, giving overall landscape impacts of Medium significance. The project does not dominate the surrounding landscapes and does not affect the integrity of the National Scenic Area in any way. Impacts on Visual Resource of the Area Maps produced to predict Zones of Theoretical Visibility indicate that the development would be well screened from the communities in the greater area, with the turbines only fully visible from neighbours and communities in the Tarbat Peninsula. The views from the main roads are largely of a peripheral nature, with direct views of the wind turbines mainly from the surrounding neighbours. The use of a small cluster of wind turbines and the positioning of the turbines a good distance from neighbours results in largely Low to Medium significance of impact upon neighbours to the development. The wind turbines fit well with the flat and low-lying topography and in no view do the turbines appear to dominate or diminish the apparent scale of the landscape, nor do they adversely affect the quality of any view to a significant extent. Cumulative Impacts The existing wind farms in this part of the Highlands tend to be located on moorland and hill landscape character types; Fearn is an exception to this rule, and consequently there are no cumulative landscape effects. Cumulative and sequential effects can be considered only at a distance, as the nearest existing projects are over 20km away from the Fearn site, and the intervening landscapes and large areas of woodland act as significant visual barriers. 4 Orkney Sustainable Energy Document OSE/2871 Section 2 1 June 2010 1 Introduction 1.1 This report is an assessment of the landscape and visual impact of a wind energy project to be located on a brownfield development site on the Tarbat Peninsula. Fearn Aerodrome is a flat area of derelict land within open farmed slopes roughly 9km south- east of Tain. The project consists of three turbines that are likely to have a maximum tower height of 78m and a rotor diameter of around 82m. 1.2 The project has been designed and planned using the recommendations and advice contained within Best Practice Guidelines for Wind Energy Developments [1] , S PP 6: Renewable Energy [2], Planning Advice Notes PAN 45: Renewable Energy Technologies [3] PAN 56: Planning and Noise [4] PAN 58: Environmental Impact Assessment [5] and PAN 68: Design Statements [6] and the Guidelines on Wind Energy and Aviation Interests from the Defence and Civil Aviation Interests Working Group [7]. The project has also considered the SNH Guidelines on the Environmental Impact of Windfarm [8], Scottish Planning Policy 15: Planning for Rural Development , PAN 73: Rural Diversification [9], and the Inner Moray Firth Landscape Character Assessment [10] 1.3 The methodology used has been developed in line with the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment [11], and has the following approach: • Collection of relevant background information; • The creation of maps showing the Zones of Theoretical Visibility; • The use of wireframe and photomontage images to help assess the overall significance of the impact of the proposed development; • The establishment of viewpoints around the general area; • A baseline study of the existing landscape and the visual resource; • The assessment of impact significance; • A study into the scale and extent of the development; • The assessment of any potential cumulative impacts. 1.4 The proposed turbine location is an area of flat land that had been a Navy airbase during the Second World War, with the turbines positioned on or next to the old airstrips. The foundations for the turbines will be located below ground level and trenches will be excavated next to the current tracks to accommodate the high voltage and telecommunications cabling. The cabling from the site will all be underground, connecting to the National Grid at a switchgear building next to the A9 trunk road. 5 Orkney Sustainable Energy Document OSE/2871 Section 2 1 June 2010 2 The Project 2.1 The proposed site is south of the Hill of Fearn, a small village east of Tain. The project consists of three 2MW scale turbines, with existing access provision from previous airfield runways. A cable from each of the turbines will be routed underground and connected to the National Grid next to the A9 approximately 5km away from the site. The turbines will stand on concrete foundations, all of which will be below ground level, with only stone hardstanding visible around the base of the turbines themselves. Existing access tracks will be used and will have a compacted stone finish, with only minor road surface improvements required. 2.2 The construction phase of the development will take place over a matter of months, and visual impact of this stage has not been assessed in any depth. The operational phase of the project will last for over 20 years, and this assessment considers the impact and visual effects of the wind turbines upon the landscape over this period. At the end of the project the turbines will be removed and the land will revert to rough moorland. 2.3 The development is known as the Fearn Wind Energy Project, with the visual impact of the turbines demonstrated using photomontages, wireframes and maps showing the theoretical zones of visual influence; Volume 2 of the report. Cumulative and sequential impacts are also assessed, considering the potential intervisibiliy of the project with other major developments in the area. 2.4 Wind farms are becoming common in the Highlands, with the nearest existing windfarms on the hills 25km to the west; Novar and Beinn Tharsuinn. This project has turbines rated at 2000 kW, with 78m towers and a maximum blade length of 41m, and is located on flat land at sea level. In 2008 there was a proposal for a small windfarm at the Hill of Nigg, 3km to the south of Fearn, however this required additional environmental information, and has outstanding objections from Inverness Airport and the MoD; it is felt that this project will not proceed. Cumulative effects are considered in part 7 of this report. 2.5 The hills surrounding the site are very effective barriers, especially the Hill of Nigg which shelters almost all views from the south. The western side of Loch Eye (SSSI) is sheltered due to a slight rise in elevation between it and the site. Views from other sensitive locations such as Skibo Castle, Tarbat House, and the House of the Geanies are also largely blocked due to trees or hills. Views from the west are quite patchy, and impact further decreases when taking into consideration the woodland in the area.
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