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Abbreviations used AM Acta Mozartiana AMZ Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig) MISM Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum M]b Mozart-]ahrbuch MT Musical Times
1. Documents Anderson, Emily, ed. and trans.: Letters of Mozart and his Family (London, 1938, 3/1985) [LMF] Bauer, Wilhelm A., Deutsch, Otto Erich, and Eibl, Joseph Heinz: Mozart: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen, 7 vols. (Kassel, 1962-75) Deutsch, Otto Erich: Mozart: Die Dokumente seines Lebens (Kassel, 1961, suppl. 1978); Eng. trans., Mozart: a Documentary Biography (London, 1966) [MDB] Eisen, Cliff: New Mozart Documents: a Supplement to Otto Erich Deutsch's 'Mozart: Die Dokumente seines Lebens', (London, 1991) [NMD] Leitzmann, Albert: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Berichte der Zeitgenossen und Briefe (Leipzig, 1926) Schurig, Arthur: Konstanze Mozart: Briefe, Aufzeichnungen, Dokumente 1782-1842 (Dresden, 1922)
2. Works purporting to contain original testimony [Arnold, I. T. F. C.:] Mozarts Geist (Erfurt, 1803) Belmonte, C.: Die Frauen im Leben Mozarts (Augsburg and Berlin, 1905) Genast, A.: [memoir], Acta mozartiana, xxvii/4 (1980), 83 Holmes, Edward: Life of Mozart (London, 1845, 1912 edn.) Jahn, Otto: W.A. Mozart (Leipzig, 1856-9): Eng. trans., Life of Mozart (London, 1891)
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-: Gesammelte Aufsatze uber Musik (Leipzig, 1866) Kayser, J.F.: Mozart-Album (Hamburg, 1856) Marignano, Nerina Marignano di, transcr. and compiled: A Mozart Pilgrimage: Being the Travel Diaries of Vincent and Mary Novello in the year 1829, ed. Rosemary Hughes (London, 1955) [Novello] Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, xii, no.45 (Leipzig, 2 June 1840), 180 Niemtschek, Franz: Leben des K.K. Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart, nach Originalquellen beschrieben (Prague, 1798); Eng. trans. (London, 1956) Nissen, Georg Nikolaus von: Biographie W.A. Mozarts (Leipzig, 1828) Rochlitz, Johann Friedrich: 'Verbiirgte Anekdoten aus Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozarts Leben', Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Leipzig (i, 1798-9), 17, 49, 81, 113, 145, 177, 289, 480, 854; iii (1800-01), 450, 493, 590) [AMZ] -: 'Raphael und Mozart', AMZ, ii (1799-1800), 641-53 -: 'Ein guter Rath Mozarts', Fur Freunde der Tonkunst, ii (Leipzig, 1825), 281-304 Schlichtegroll, Friedrich: M ozarts Leben (Graz, 1794) Schlosser, J. A.: Mozarts Biographie (Prague, 1828)
3. Secondary works: books Abert, Hermann: W. A. Mozart (Leipzig, 1919-21; 10/1985) Angermiiller, Rudolph: 'Auf Ehre und Credit': die Finanzen des W. A. Mozart (Munich, 1983) Autexier, Philippe A.: Mozart et Liszt sub rosa (Poitiers, 1984) Bar, Carl: Mozart: Krankheit - Tod- Begrdbnis (Salzburg, 1967, 2/ 1972) Blom, Eric: Mozart (London, 1935, rev. 1962) Bliimml, Emil Karl: Aus Mozarts Freundes- und Familienkreis, (Vienna, Prague and Leipzig, 1923) Boschot, Adolphe: Mozart (Paris, 1935) Braunbehrens, Volkmar: Mozart in Wien (Munich, 1986); Eng. trans., Mozart in Vienna 1781-1791 (London, 1989) Breakspeare, E. J.: Mozart (London, 1902) Brophy, Brigid: Mozart the Dramatist (London, 1964, 2/1988) Burk, John Naglee: Mozart and his Music (New York, 1959) Carr, Francis, Mozart and Constanze (London, 1983) Chailly, Jacques: La flute enchantee, opera mat;onnique (Paris, 1968); Eng. trans., The Magic Flute (London, 1972) Cotte, Roger: La musique mat;onnique et ses musiciens (Braine-le• Comte, 1975)
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Curzon, Henri de: Mozart (Paris, 1920) Dalchow, Johannes, Duda, Gunter, and Kerner, Dieter: Mozarts Tod 1791-1971 (Pahl, 1971) Daumer, G. F.: Aus der Mansarde, iv (Mainz, 1861) Davies, Peter J.: Mozart in Person. His Character and Health (New York and London, 1989) Deutsch, Otto Erich: Mozart und die Wiener Logen (Vienna, 1932) Ehrenwald, J.: Neurosis in the Family and Patterns of Psychosocial Defence: a Study of Psychiatric Epidemiology (New York, 1963) Eibl, Joseph Heinz: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Chronik eines Lebens (Kassel, 1965) Einstein, Alfred: Mozart: his Character, his Work (London, 1946, /1971) Favier, Georges: Vie de W. A. Mozart par Franz Xaver Niemetschek precedee du necrologe de Schlichtegroll (St Etienne, 1976) Forbes, Elliot, ed.: Thayer's Life of Beethoven (Princeton, 1967) Gheon, Henri: Promenades avec Mozart (Paris, 1932), Eng. trans. as In Search of Mozart (London, 1934) Grosser, J. E.: Lebensbeschreibung des k.k. Kapellmeisters W. A. Mozart, (Breslau, 1826) Haldane, Charlotte: Mozart (London, 1960) Haas, Robert: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, (Potsdam, 1933, 2/1950) Hildesheimer, Wolfgang: Mozart, (Frankfurt, 1977), Eng. trans. (Lon- don, 1983) Hoffmann, E. T. A.: 'Don Giovanni' in Six German Romantic Tales, trans. R. Taylor (London, 1985) Hutchings, Arthur: Mozart: the Man: the Musician (London, 1976) Hussey, Dyneley: Wolfgang Amade Mozart, (London, 1928, 2/1933) Keller, Otto: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Sein Lebensgang nach den neuesten Que!len geschildert (Berlin and Leipzig, 1926) Keys, Ivor: Mozart: his Music in his Life, (St Albans, 1980) King, Alec Hyatt: Mozart: a Biography with a Survey of Books, Editions and Recordings (London, 1970) -: Mozart in Retrospect: Studies in Criticism and Bibliography, (London, 1955) Kreitmeier, Josef: W. A. Mozart: eine Charakterzeichnung des grossen Meisters nach den literarischen Quellen (Dusseldorf, 1919) Levey, Michael: Life and Death of Mozart (London, 1971) Ludendorff, Mathilde: Mozarts Leben und Gewaltsamer Tod (Munich, 1936) Massin, Jean and Brigitte: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Paris, 1959)
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Maunder, Richard: Mozart's Requiem: On Preparing a New Edition (Oxford, 1988) Moberley, Robert B.: Three Mozart Operas, (London, 1967) Morike, Eduard: Mozart auf der Reise nach Prag (Stuttgart and Augsburg, 1856); Eng. trans., Mozart's journey to Prague (London, 1957) Neumayr, Anton: Musik und Medizin am Beispiel der Wiener Klassik (Vienna, 1987) Nettl, Paul: Mozart and Masonry (New York, 1957) -: Mozart in Bohmen (Prague, 1938) Nohl, Ludwig: Mozarts Leben (Leipzig, 1877); Eng. trans. The Life of Mozart (London, 1877) Ottaway, Hugh: Mozart (London, 1979) Oulibicheff, Alexander: Nouvelle biographie de Mozart (Moscow, 1843) Paumgartner, Bernhard: Mozart (1927; Zurich, 1945) Pushkin, Alexander: Mozart and Salieri (1830), trans. A. Wood (Lon• don, 1982) Rau, Heribert: Mozart: ein Kunstlerleben (Frankfurt, 1858; Leipzig, 5/1887) Robbins Landon, H. C.: Mozart and the Masons: New Light on the Lodge 'Crowned Hope' (London, 1982) -: Mozart: The Golden Years (London, 1989) -: 1791: Mozart's Last Year (London, 1988) Sadie, Stanley: Mozart (London, 1965) -: The New Grove Mozart (London, 1982) Saint-Foix, Georges de: Les symphonies de Mozart (Paris, 1932), Eng. trans. (London 194 7) Schenk, Erich: W. A. Mozart: eine Biographie (Zurich, Vienna and Leipzig, 1955); Eng. trans., Mozart and his Times (London 1960) Schiedermair, Ludwig: Mozart: sein Leben und seine Werke (Munich, 1922) Schmid, E. F.: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Lubeck, 1934) Schurig, Arthur: Wolfgang Amade Mozart (Leipzig, 1913, 2/1923) Sitwell, Sacheverell: Mozart (London, 1932) Stendhal, [Beyle, M.-H.]: Vie de Mozart (Paris, 1814; 1970) Steptoe, Andrew: The Mozart-Da Ponte Operas (Oxford, 1988) Tenschert, Rudolf: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Salzburg, 1952) Thayer, A. W.: Salieri (Kansas City, 1989) Thomson, Katharine: The Masonic Thread in Mozart (London, 1977) Turner, W. J.: Mozart: the Man and his Works (London, 1938)
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Tyson, Alan: Mozart: Studi ?S of the Autograph Scores (London, 1987) W angermann, Ernst: The Austrian Achievement (London, 1973) Wyzewa, Theodor de and Saint-Foix, Georges de: W. A. Mozart: sa vie musicale et son oeuvre (Paris, 1912-46) Zaslaw, Neal: Mozart's Symphonies: Context, Performance Practice, Reception (Oxford, 1989)
4. Secondary works - Articles Bar, Carl: 'Er war ... kein guter Wirth: eine Studie iiber Mozarts Verhaltnis zum Geld', AM, xxv (1978), 30-53 Barraud, J.: 'A queUe maladie a succombe Mozart?', La chronique medicate, xxii (15 Nov 1905), 737-44 Biba, Otto: 'Grundziige des Konzertwesens in Wien zu Mozarts Zeit', M]b, 1978-9, 132-43 Boissevain, Willem: 'Neue Erklarung der Todesursache Mozarts: "Hit• ziges Frieselfieber" war bakterielle Herzklappenentziindung', MISM, xxxviii (1990) Curl, J. S.: 'Mozart considered as a Jacobin', Music Review, xxxv (1974), 131-41 Davies, Peter J.: 'Mozart's Illnesses and Death', MT, cxxv, (1984), 437-41, 554-61 -: 'Mozart's Illnesses and Death', Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, lxxvi (1983), 776-85 -: 'Mozart's manic-depressive tendencies', MT, cxxvii (1987), 123-6, 191-6 Deutsch, Otto Erich: 'Die Legende von Mozarts Vergiftung', M]b 1964, 7-18 Dittersdorf on Mozart, AMZ, i (1798-9), 379-82 (March 1799) Eibl, Joseph Heinz: 'SiiBmayr und Constanze', M]b 1976-7, 277-80 Greither, Aloys: 'Mozart und die A.rzte, seine Krankheiten und sein Tod', Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, lxxxi (27 Jan and 3 Feb 1956), 121-4 -: 'Noch einmal: Woran ist Mozart gestorben?', MISM, xix/3-4 (1971 ), 25-7 Gruber, Gernot: 'Mozart und die Nachwelt', AM, xxxii (1985), 53-8 -:'Die Mozart-Forschung im 19.Jahrhundert', M]b 1980-83, 10-17 Heartz, Daniel: 'Constructing Le nozze di Figaro', journal of the Royal Musical Association, cxii (1986-7), 77-98 -: 'Mozart and his Italian contemporaries: La Clemenza di Tito', M]b 1978-9, 275-93 Henneberg, G.: 'Der Einfluss der Philosophie Hegels auf das
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Mozart-Bild in der ersten Halfte des 19. Jahrhunderts', MJb 1978-9), 257-62 Heuss, Alfred: 'Das damonische Element in Mozarts Werken', Zeitschrift der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft, v (1906-7), 175-86 Hormayr, J.: 'Mozart', Osterreichischer Plutarch, viii (1807), 129-40 Kerner, Dieter: 'Mozarts Todeskrankheit', AM, x (1963), 5-10 -: 'Probleme einer Mozart-Pathographie', Der Deutsche Apotheker, xxiii (1971), 589-92 Kraemer, Uwe: 'Wer hat Mozart verhungern lassen?', Musica, xxx (1976), 203-11 Kramer, K.: 'Strittige Fragen in der Mozart-Biographie', AM, xxxiii (1976 ), 75-84 McClymonds, Marita P.: 'Mozart's La clemenza di Tito and opera seria in Florence as a reflection of Leopold II's musical taste', MJb 1984-5, 61-70 Moore, Julia: 'Mozart in the Market-Place', Journal of the Royal Musical Association, cxiv (1989), 18-42 Morrow, MagS.: 'Mozart and Viennese Concert Life', MT, cxxvi (1985), 453-4 Miinster,Robert: 'Nissens "Biographie W. A. Mozarts" ',AM, ix(1962), 2-14 Price, Curtis: 'Italian Opera and Arson in Late Eighteenth-Century London', Journal of the American Musicological Society xlii (1989), Schefer, L.: 'Mozart und seine Freundin', Orpheus (1841), 273-339 Schickling, Dieter: 'Einige ungeklarte Fragen zur Geschichte der Requiem-Vollendung', MJb 1976-7, 265-76 Schuler, Heinz: 'Freimaurer und Illuminaten aus Alt-Bayern und Salzburg und ihre Beziehungen zu den Mozarts', MISM, xxv/1-4 (1987), 11-39 Smyth, F.: 'Brother Mozart of Vienna', Transactions of Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, lxxxvii (1974), 37-73 Staehelin, Martin: 'Zum Verhaltnis von Mozart- und Beethoven-Bild im 19. Jahrhundert', MJb 1980-83, 17-22 Steptoe, Andrew: 'Mozart and Poverty: a Re-examination of the Evidence', MT, cxxv (1984), 196-201 Wagner, Hans: 'DasJosephinische Wien undMozart', MJb 1978-9,1-13
276 Select Bibliography
5. General Abrams, M. H.: The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition (New York, 1958) Balazs, E. H., Hammermayer, L., Wagner, H., and Wojtowicz, J.: Beforderer der Aufkliirung in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Freimaurer, Gesellschaften, Clubs (Berlin, 1979) Bernhart, F.: 'Freemasonry in Austria', Transactions ofthe Ars Quatuor Coronatorum (1963 ), 1-7 Burke, P.: Tradition and Innovation in Renaissance Italy (London, 1974) Camus, Albert: L'homme revolte (Paris, 1951) Dean, Winton: Handel (London, 1980) Dickson, P. G. M.: Finance and Government under Maria Theresa 1740-1780 (Oxford, 1987) Fauchier-Magnan, The Small German Courts of the Eighteenth Century (London 1958) Fischer, F. Germany's Aims in the First World War (London, 1967) Langsam, W. C.: 'Francis II and the Austrian Jacobins', American Historical Review (April1945), 471-90 Ligou, D., ed.: Histoire des francs-Mar;nns en France, (Toulouse, 1981) Lindner, D.: Ignaz von Born, Meister der Wahren Eintracht: Wiener Freimaurerei im 18.]ahrhundert (Vienna, 1986) Murray, P., ed.: Genius: The History of an Idea (Oxford, 1989) Roberts,]. M.: The Mythology of the Secret Societies (London, 1972) Sagarra, E.: A Social History of Germany 1648-1914 (London, 1977) Schiller, F.: Ober naive und sentimentalische Dichtung (1795) Taylor, R.: The Romantic Tradition in Germany (London, 1970) T rousson, R.: Le theme de Promethee dans la litterature Europeene (Geneva, 1964) Wagner, H.: 'Die Freimaurer und die Reformen Kaiser Josephs II', Quatuor Coronati ]ahrbuch xiv (1977), 55-73 Wangermann, E.: From Joseph II to the ]acobin Trials (Oxford, 1969)
277 Index
Abert, Hermann, 40, 119, 129, 165, Beaumarchais, Pierre Caron de, 189, 166-7, 168 202 academies and public concerts, Beethoven, Ludwig van, 50, 123 and performances in private houses, n, 155, 187, 208, 222, 223, 246, 16, 185, 232, 237-41, 246, 252 252, 255, 259; belief in poison Accademia Filarmonica, Bologna, 170 story, 33; Mozart contrasted with, acqua toffana, 37, 47, 61 164, 167; Mozart prepares way for, Ahlwardt, Hermann, 35 218, 220; as rebel, 178 Allegri's Miserere, 145, 170 Belmonte, Carola, 119, 135 Andre, Johann Anton, 103 Belza, Igor, 34, 45 antifeminism, 118, 135-6, 140 Berlin, Mozart's visit to, 15, 17, Arco, Count, 184 100-1, 240, 255 Arnold, Ignaz T. F. C., 11, 19, 73, 79, Blom, Eric, 169 163, 225; critic of poison story, bloodletting, 60, 61, 66 22, 32; Mozart burnt out, 212-13; Bliimml, Emil Karl, 136 Mozart's debauchery, 86, 96, 98, Bondini, Caterina, 123 120 Born, Ignaz von, 192, 198 arranged marriage, 181, 191 Boschot, Adolphe, 92, 114 Attwood, Thomas, 109 Braunbehrens, Volkmar, 242, 243, Augsburg, Mozart humiliated in, 112, 251, 253, 266 204 Breitkopf & Hartel, 14, 18, 103, 172 Austrian economy, 185, 232-3, 245, Brophy, Brigid, 173, 191 257 Bullinger, Abbe, 182 Bursy, Dr Carl von, 61, 66 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 15, 177, 215, 217, 219, 223-4 Bach, Johann Christian, 217 Camus, Albert, 228-9 Backhaus, Wilhelm, 88 Cannabich, Christian, 152, 155 Bar, Dr Carl, 43, 50, 52, 57-8, 62-5, Carpani, Giuseppe, 43-4, 46, 58 67, 71, 74, 75, 76, 81, 250, 268; Carr, Francis, 123n Mozart's finances, 253, 255, 256 Chabot, Duchesse de, 182 Baranius, Henriette, 123-4, 129 clarinet concerto, K622, 208 Barber of Seville, The, 202 Clementi, Muzio, 113 Barisani, Sigmund, 69, 70, 72, 209 Clemenza di Tito, La, 4, 107, 135, Baron von P., letter to, 162-3 139, 149, 187, 189, 210, 213, 222, Barraud, J., 68 224-7,236,242,247 Bassi, Luigi, 122, 154 Closset, Thomas Franz, 7, 46, 47, 57, Bastien und Bastienne, 187 58, 60, 62, 63, 76 278 Index
Colloredo, Hieronymus, Prince• Edge, Dexter, 241n, 254 Archbishop of Salzburg, 36, 47, Ehrenwald, J., 173 191; Mozart's quarrels with, 112- Einstein, Alfred, 85, 93, 111, 114, 13, 180, 183-4 168-9 concerts, see academies Elizabeth of Wiirttemberg, Princess, conspiracy theory, 54-5 244 correspondence of Mozart family, England, 5, 188, 244, 246, 247, 251 23-5, 56, 124-5, 239, 265, 269 enlightenment, 177, 188-9, 191-2, Cosifan tutte, 135, 190-1,236,241- 199-200, 202 2, 246, 251, 254 Entfiihrung aus dem Serail, Die, 14, court society, 141, 181, 188, 205, 15, 123, 187, 233, 235; as 267 progressive enlightenment opera, Cramer, Carl Friedrich, 20 188-9, 246 Curzon, Henri de, 251 'Entfiihrung aus dem Auge Gottes, Czerny, Carl, 123n Die', 131 Esterh:izy, Prince Nikolaus, 199 daemonic genius, 157, 163, 165-8 Eybler, Joseph, 61, 64, 78 Dalchow, Johannes, Duda, Gunter & Kerner, Dieter, 38-43, 48-9, 51-3, feminism, 191, 195 DaPonte, Lorenzo, 5, 8, 41, 168, Feuerstein, J. H., 20 189-91, 268 Figaro, Le nozze di, 107-8, 135, 167, Daumer, G. F., 34-5, 36, 47, 48, 54 168, 241, 249-50; radicalism of, Davies, Dr Peter J., 71-5, 174-5 39, 189-90, 191' 201-2, 246 death mask, 8, 132, 135 Francis II, Emperor, 198 Deiner, Joseph, 7, 62, 74, 77, 121, freemasonry, 24, 47-8, 49, 141-2, 134 191-201; class orientation, 198- deposit on the brain, 59, 65 and n 201; English and Scottish rites, Destouches, Franz Seraph von, 10 199; gambling and gluttony Deutsch, Otto Erich, 40, 42, 48, 52- among, 196; hostility to, 195-7; 3, 53-4; see also documentary Joseph II's edict on, 195-8; masons biography as Mozart's murderers, 34-43, 48- Dittersdorf, Carl Ditters von, 234-5 53; in Vienna, 197-201 Documentary Biography (Deutsch French cultural hegemony, 177, 186 & Eisen), 28 French and German interpretations Doles, Johann Friedrich, 113, 161 of Mozart, 167-8 Don Giovanni, 108, 123, 129, 139, French revolution, 37, 48, 141, 196, 163, 166-7, 168, 173, 242, 250, 198, 206 251, 254; overture, 19, 22, 95-7, Freudian interpretations, 173-5 106-7; presentiment of death in, Freystadtler, Franz Jakob, 78, 108 209, 216; social commentary in, Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia, 190 17, 41, 100-103, 114, 185,210 Dresden, 240, 254 Fuchs, Aloys, 26 dropsy, 57, 70 funeral and burial, 7-9, 35, 38, 41-2, dualism, 142-3 49-51, 76-7, 132, 134, 151 Duda, Gunter, see Dalchow, Duda & Fiirsicht, zur, 36, 47 Kerner Duschek family, 13, 103, 123, 138, galant style, 179, 186, 217-18, 223, 226 234 279 Index
Galitzin, Prince, 183 Heuss, Alfred, 165 Genast, Anton, 97, 107 Hildesheimer, Wolfgang, 144-154, genius, 144-176, 177, 179, 264; 161, 164, 166, 169, 221, 265, 269 childlike, 158; produced by sub• Hippocratic theory of humours, 63, rational faculties, 158-9; romantic 65-6, 75 conceptions of, 16, 156-173, hitziges Frieselfieber (fever with 175-6 skin-rash), 57, 58, 59, 64, 67, 71, genre, 187, 189, 190, 202-3 73-4, 76 Gerl, Barbara, 121, 124 Hofdemel, Franz, 201, 255, 257 German nationalism, 142, 177, 186; Hofdemel affair, 122-3 and notes Mozart's, 36, 187-8, 267 Hoffmann, E. T. A., 163, 164 Gesellschaft der Associirten Hoffmeister, Franz Anton, 103 Cavaliers, 241, 246 Holmes, Edward, 26, 86, 94, 163 Gheon, Henri, 92, 206, 269 Hormayr, J., 20 Giesecke, Carl Ludwig, 37 humanist style, 187, 222 Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 116, 179, Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, 89, 98, 189, 215, 217 110 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 121, 208 Jdomeneo, 21, 22, 23, 25, 108, 139, Gottlieb, Anna, 121 and n 234 Greither, Dr Aloys, 43, 52, 68-71, 72 Illuminati, 34, 36, 47, 192-3, 195-6, Gretry, Andre Ernest Modeste, 170 20 Grimm, Baron Friedrich Melchior infective endocarditis, 66-8, 74, 75, von, 109, 251 76,268 Grosser, J. E., 20 Italian intrigues, 14, 31, 246, 249-50, Grotte, Die, 35, 37, 48 252, 267 Guardasoni, Domenico, 224, 241 Jacobi, Baron, 41 Gyrowetz, Adalbert, 96 Jacobinism and Jacobin trials, 196-7 Jacquin family, 153 Haibl, Sophie, 26, 264; on Mozart's Jacquin, Gottfried von, 127, 250 character, 98, 101, 148, 154-6; Jahn, Otto, 26-7, 40, 46, 164, 168, Mozart's deathbed, 6, 9, 59-61, 64, 171, 219, 265, 268; on Constanze, 66, 70, 74, 77-8, 194 102; Hofdemel affair, 122-3 and Haldane, Charlotte, 251 notes; on Mozart's character Handel, Georg Frideric, 171, 215, weaknesses, 97-8, 108; on 217,219,224,241,246,252, Mozart's philandering, 119-20, 254-5 124; on Rochlitz, 15-16 Hatzfeld, Count August, 209 Jews, 35, 36-8, 48, 54, 55 Haydn,Joseph, 19,22, 155,177,186, Joseph II, Emperor, 36, 51, 107, 128, 210,215,222,244, 252,255,259; 188, 190, 233, 236; economic Mozart's friendship with, 14, 111- policies, 231-3; and masons, 195- 12, 147, 206 8; Mozart's loyalty to, 100-101, Haydn, Michael, 106, 223-4 103,174, 184,202; support for heart disease, 64-8, 71, 72-5 Mozart, 245-6 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 158, 165, 213-15 Kapellmeister appointment, 244 Henoch-Schonlein syndrome, 71-5 Kelly, Michael, 87, 89, 99, 115, 128, Herzog, Anton, 49 164, 234, 250, 264, 268 280 Index
Kenner and Liebhaber, 173, 206 Mi:ilk, Albert von, 12 Kerner, Dieter, see Dalchow, Dud a & Moore, Julia, 253n, 256-7, 259 Kerner Morike, Eduard, 96, 114, 163, 164, kidney disease, 68-75, 77 204, 241 Kierkegaard, Soren, 163, 164, 166 Moscheles, 43, 46 King, Alec Hyatt, 252 Mozart, Carl Thomas, 10, 13; Koch, Richard, 47 supporter of poison theory, 32, 41, Kraemer, Uwe, 105 49, 59, 70-1 Kreitmeier, Josef, 91 Mozart, Constanze, 4-8, 68, 227; alleged affair with SiiBmayr, 128; Lackenbacher, Heinrich, 258-9 alleged destruction of Mozart's Lange, Joseph, 131, 136, 154-6 letters, 24, 132; assessments of, 13, Leipzig, Mozart's visit to, 15, 16, 95, 139-40; attitude to poison story, 100, 113, 161 31-2; betrothal and marriage, 131, Leopold II, emperor, 35, 196, 197, 136; business acumen of, 102-3, 198, 236; coronation in Frankfurt, 137-8; calves measured, 127, 136; 149, 196, 240, 255; coronation in criticisms of Mozart, 21, 101-3, Prague, 149, 224, 241 140; deflowered by Mozart before Levey, Michael, 169 marriage, 125; despairing letter to, Lobes, Dr Guldener von, 43, 49, 58- 150, 152, 210, 221, 265; did not 9, 65, 75-6 love her husband, 132; estate, 138; London, see England on his finances, 100-3, 246-7, 248- Loschenkohl, Hieronymus, 241 9; flirting, 132; forgives Mozart's Losey, Joseph, 190 philandering, 118-121; and funeral Ludendorff, Erich, 35, 54-5 of Mozart, 38, 42, 132; illnesses, Ludendorff, Mathilde, 35-8, 47-8, 49, 231; incompetence as housewife, 54 132, 137-8; lack of culture, 132, Lyser, Karl, 26, 46, 62, 64, 77, 96, 138-9; on last illness and death, 115, 121, 123, 194, 200 57, 59-60, 66, 70, 73, 74, 77-80; Mozart's assessment of, 133; Mannheim, 112, 180 Mozart's passion (or lack of Maria Luisa, Empress, 224, 236 passion) for, 126-8, 147, 148; on Maria Theresa, Empress, 116 Requiem, 77-80, 197 [see also Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Requiem]; source of biographical 37,48 information, 11, 12, 14, 17-18,41, Martiny Soler, Vicente, 251 45, 46, 57, 59-60, 66, 87, 121, Martini, Padre, 170, 217, 224 139, 264; unsuitable wife, 12, 131- Masonic cantata Laut verkunde 40, 152, 269; untruthfulness, 18, unsre Freude, 6, 37, 40, 41, 51, 22, 77-80, 102-3, 141, 197 193, 197 Mozart, Franz Xaver Wolfgang, 89, masonic music, 187, 191-4,201,222 102, 128, 139, 241 Mass inC minor, K427, 125, 193 Mozart, Leopold, 11, 69-70, 173, Massin, Jean and Brigitte, 178-97, 174-5, 215, 237, 239; character, 206 116-17; contributor to myth, 170, Mazzola, Caterino, 226-7 266; correspondence, 23-4, 56, Mendelssohn, Moses, 221 239; critic of his own son, 94-5, mercury, 39, 40, 41, 47, 53-4 107-8, 109-10, 154-5; deceived by Metastasio, Pietro, 226 Mozart, 24; estate, 103; helps 281 Index
Mozart with early compositions, at death, 87, 242-3, 259; irregular 170; last letter from his son, 147, working, 19, 269; knight of golden 209, 220; and masonry, 36, 47-8; spur, 179; lack of general culture, quarrels with his son, 114-15, 132, 145, 160, 165; last sacraments, 146, 181, 191; social ambitions, 194, 200; late style, 208, 222; left 178-9, 204; visits son in Vienna, ear, 89-90; liking for low 103, 137, 239 company, 21, 114; lusty nature, Mozart, Maria Anna (Mozart's 126,174-5, 191; luxurious mother), 94 possessions, 243, 256, 259; manic• Mozart, Maria Anna ('Nannerl'), 57, depressive tendencies, 174-5; 69, 93, 99, 108, 132, 158; always wearing a mask, 147, 165, postscript to her letter to 265; and masonry, 47-8, 55, 191- Schlichtegroll, 12, 88, 90, 99, 201; methods of composition, 14, 133-4; reads Niemetschek, 12; 15, 108, 145, 151, 159, 170, 171- reply to Schlichtegroll, 11-12 2; mocking of others, 15, 110-13; Mozart, Maria Anna Thekla (Mozart's as Papageno, 131, 165; cousin), 92-3, 125 philanderer, 19, 26, 118-129; Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 'popular' and 'authentic' appearance, 86-90, 106, 114; and compositions, 168; aristocracy, 114-15, 202-5, 238, productiveness, 207; professional 241, 246; bohemianism, 142; unreliability, 106-9; publication of burnt out, 207, 210, 212-13, 220- his works, 9-10; and religion, 35, 1, 225, 227, 269; carelessness with 191, 193-4, 200; scatological money, 15, 19, 96, 99-106; humour, 23, 92-4, 145-6, 147, childhood illnesses, 56; 155, 174-5, 191; semi-autism, 146- childishness, 12, 90-5, 142, 163; 7, 148, 152, 173, 269; sharp clothes, 87, 243, 245, 256, 259; tongue, 133, 147, 269; snobbery, craftsmanship, 156, 170, 172-3, 201, 204; social and political 175; creative exhaustion, 210, rebel, 167, 176, 269, see also 212, 222-3, 225, 227; debts, 96, indifference to popularity; social 99-106, 200-1, 230-1, 233, 247, unease and assertiveness, 181-3, 248-9, 257-9; dissipation and self• 204-6, 245; split personality, 85-6, destruction, 95-9, 150, 163, 196, 142, 158, 165-9; syphilis, 53-4; 268; domestic chaos, 12, 174; .tactlessness, 146, 148; as teacher, drunkard, 19, 26, 27, 95-9, 161, 108-9; transfiguration, 208, 212- 174-5; eccentricity, 148-9, 154-6, 13, 218; unpopularity of his music, 161, 166; flirtatiousness, 126; 233-7 fragments and sketches, 171, 172, Munich, 112, 180, 192 223; freelancing, 242-8; gambling, Myslivecek, Joseph, 111 104-5; house moves, 245; impoverishment, 148, 242-3, 247- naive genius, 157-8, 167 50, 259; income and expenditure, Naumann, Johann Gottlieb, 113, 185 105, 116, 185, 230-33, 242-3, neoclassicism, 187, 222, 226 244-8, 252-7, 259; incompetence Neukomm, Sigismund, 44 at human relationships, 109-16; Neumayr, Professor Dr Anton, 63,65 indifference to popularity, 160, Niemetschek, Franz, 11, 13-14, 15- 166, 168; intimations of mortality, 18, 86, 88, 106, 125, 151, 171, 209-10, 269; inventory of effects 230, 231, 233, 234, 241, 248; anti- 282 Index
Viennese, 249; Bohemian Plath, Wolfgang, 28, 170, 268 nationalism, 249, 251; character of poison, 5, 17, 22, 31-55, 57, 123n, Mozart, 90-1, 95-6, 100, 110, 115, 266,268 120-1, 153; composition of La Prague, 4, 27, 200, 201; Mozart's demenza di Tito, 4, 225-6; illness special relationship with, 185, and death of Mozart, 5, 14, 57-8, 193, 250; public less sophisticated, 67, 73; indifference to popularity 168; symphony, K504, 185, 203 and to the great, 160, 205; Italian Promethean genius, 157, 167 plots, 45, 46, 141; poison, 5, 31; psychological stories, 144, 173-5, Prague and Mozart, 4, 13, 16, 250; 191 Requiem, 4-5, 14, 22, 58, 78-9, publishing, income from, 255 212; romantic conception of Puchberg, Michael, 105, 147, 201, genius, 16, 159-60, 170 233,240,246,247,248,257-9 Nietzsche, F. W., 165-6 Pushkin, Alexander, 33, 45 Nissen, Georg Nikolaus, 20-3; 38, 49, 87-9, 107, 132, 134, 138, 139, Rasumovsky, Count Andrei, 252 233, 254; on biographies of Rau, Heribert, 96, 114, 129, 205 Mozart, 10-11, 14; censorship of Renaissance artists, 106, 155 Mozart's letters, 23; on last illness Requiem, 3-8, 14, 22-3 and n, 68, 70, and death, 59-60, 64, 66, 73-4; 77, 149, 172, 208; commissioned method of writing, 20-3, 120, 171, by masons, 37, 41, 48, 51; fee for, 213; on Mozart's character, 98; 4, 8, 80; legend of, 79-80, 197; Mozart's methods of composition, Mozart's own death-mass, 5, 6, 32, 21, 107, 151, 171; plagiarisms, 21- 58, 80, 212-13, 216; rehearsal on 2,32,96,101,171,249 last afternoon, 6, 9, 60, 78, 150; Novello, Vincent and Mary, 25-6, 32, Siillmayr's completion of, 6, 8, 41, 45, 46, 60, 64, 70, 77, 94, 102, 60-2 115, 122, 134; assessment of rheumatic fever, 63-8, 71, 75-6, 77, Constanze Mozart, 139-40 81, 268 number mysticism, 40, 52 Rimsky-Korsakoff, 34 Robbins Landon, H. C., 224n, 242, opera buffa, 186, 189-90, 202-3 251, 253, 255 opera seria, 189-90, 202-3, 225, 226 Rochlitz, Friedrich, 14-19,41,46, 77, Oulibicheff, Alexander, 214-16,219 113,224-5,236,241, 264; character of Mozart, 95-6, 100- Paisiello, Giovanni, 202, 227, 251 101, 107, 110, 115, 142, 161-2; Paris, Mozart's trip to, 1777-8, 24, commissioning of the Requiem, 112, 115, 180-2, 185, 265 3-4, 58, 79-80; exhaustion and patronage, changes in, 246-7 transfiguration, 212-13; fee for the Paumgartner, Bernhard, 119, 165, Requiem, 4; !domeneo, 21; illness 269 in 1791, 4, 57-8, 67, 70, 73; Pezzl, Johann, 256-7 indifference to popularity and to piano concertos, 186, 239-40, 252; the great, 161, 205; Mozart's K595, 208, 221 methods of composition, 15, 106, Pichler, Caroline, 94, 148-9, 154-6, 151, 161, 171; romantic account 164 of genius, 161-2 plagiarism, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19,20-2, romanticism, 54, 129, 175 87, 88, 94-6, 120-1, 162, 171, 249 Rosicrucianism, 40, 41, 49 283 Index
St Stephen's cathedral, 200 Stoll, Dr Maximilian, 63, 65n, 66, 75 Salieri, Antonio, 149, 224, 251, 259; Storace, Nancy, 124, 147 poisoner of Mozart, 33-4, 43-5; Streicher, Johann Andreas, 134, 139 rivalry with Mozart, 45-6, 55, 246 string quartets: 'Haydn', 223, 236; Sallaba, Dr Mathias von, 46, 57, 62, 'Prussian', 210, 222-3 63, 66, 71, 76 string quintet K614, 210, 223 Salzburg, 191-2; discontent of the Stiibenmadeleien, 118-9 Mozarts in, 179-80 Sturm und Drang, 186-7, 222 Schachtner, Johann Andreas, 11, 90, Suard, J.-B.-A., 53, 91, 95, 121 158, 205 SiiBmayr, Franz Xaver, 114, 128; Schack, Benedikt, 78 completion of Requiem, 6, 8, 60-2, Schefer, L., 122-3 and notes 77-9 Schiedermair, Ludwig, 129, 250 Swieten, Gottfried, Baron van, 37, Schikaneder, Emanuel, 37, 98, 100- 41-2, 49, 94, 163, 192-3, 196, 218; 101, 174-5, 201, 255; his Mozart's funeral and burial, 7-8, debauches with Mozart, 19, 97-8, 37, Mozart's patron, 240, 241, 246, 114, 150 255 Schlichtegroll, Friedrich, 11-13, 161, symphonies, last three, 238, 240 162, 168, 212; on Mozart's character weaknesses, 86, 88, 90, 94-5, 100, 106, 134, 158-9, 249; tearful partings, 152-3, 210 on Mozart's refusal to defer to the theodicy, 207-227, 228 nobility, 205; on Mozart as Thorwart, Johann von, 131 romantic genius, 158-9 Tieck, Ludwig, 88 Schlosser, J. A., 20 Tippett, Michael, 171 Schobert, Johann, 217 Tonkiinstler-Sozietat, 103, 240, 246, Schubert, Franz, 155 248 Schurig, Arthur, 85, 87, 105, 114, Trattner family, 241 119, 125, 135-6, 165-6, 168, 250; Trattner, Therese von, 124-5 Nietzschean view of Mozart, 129, Tyson, Alan, 28, 172, 200, 203, 221, 166 222, 223, 224n, 268 Schwemmer, Liserl, 137 sentimentalism, 187 servants, 131, 136, 137 Vienna, 243-5, 247; aristocracy of, seduction of, see Stiibenmadeleien and Mozart, 198-9,238, 241, 246; Seyfried, Ignaz von, 61, 70 freemasonry in, 198-9; neglect of Shaffer, Peter, 34, 45 Mozart, 249-51, 252 Singspiel, 187, 202, 220 Vitellia's rondo 'Non piu di fiori', 226 Sitwell, Sacheverell, 129, 169, 202 Vogler, Georg Joseph, 112 skull, Mozart's, 38, 42 Voltaire, 111 Stadler, Anton, 21, 35, 37, 48, 101, 114, 174 Stadler, Maximilian, Abbe, 49, 68, Wagner, Richard, 219, 220 115 Waisenhaus Mass, K139, 162 status of musicians and artists, 177 Waldstatten, Baroness von, 87, 126, Stendhal, [Beyle, M.-H.], 20, 87, 106, 131 122, 154; on genius, 163 Walsegg-Stuppach, Count Franz, 8, Stock, Doris, 94 41,49 284 Index
Weber, Aloysia, 112, 130, 131, 133, Zauberflote, Die, 35, 37, 39, 40, 48- 136, 140, 180-1 9, 51, 53, 55, 98, 121, 149, 167, Weber family, 112, 130-1, 133, 136- 173, 187,208,210,218,219, 222; 7, 152 composed in summerhouse, 107, Weber, Fridolin, 130, 136, 180 121; Mozart follows on deathbed, Weber, Maria Cacilia, 130-1, 136-7, 61, 70; payment for, 100-101, 255; 174-5 radical enlightenment opera, 191- Wendling family, 180-1 7, 201; reflects Mozart's split Winckler, T. F., 20 personality, 85; success of, 6, 221, Wyzewa, Theodor de and Saint-Foix, 247 Georges de, 91, 105, 168, 216-20 Zinzendorf, Count, 190
285