Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature
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Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature Volume 5 of the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale The Collected Works of Florence Nightingale List of Volumes Note: Short title denoted by bold Volume 1 Florence Nightingale: An Introduction to Her Life and Family Volume 2 Florence Nightingale’s Spiritual Journey: Biblical Annota- tions, Sermons and Journal Notes Volume 3 Florence Nightingale’s Theology: Essays, Letters and Jour- nal Notes Volume 4 Florence Nightingale on Mysticism and Eastern Religions, ed. Gérard Vallée Volume 5 Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature Volume 6 Florence Nightingale on Public Health Care Volume 7 Florence Nightingale’s European Travels Volume 8 Florence Nightingale’s Suggestions for Thought Volume 9 Florence Nightingale on Women, Medicine, Midwifery and Prostitution Volumes 10-11 Florence Nightingale and the Foundation of Professional Nursing Volumes 12-13 Florence Nightingale and Public Health Care in India Volume 14 Florence Nightingale: The Crimean War and War Office Refor m Volume 15 Florence Nightingale on War and Militarism Volume 16 Florence Nightingale and Hospital Reform Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature Lynn McDonald, editor Volume 5 of the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale Wilfrid Laurierw University Press We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for our publishing activities. National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. Florence Nightingale on society and politics, philosophy, science, educa- tion and literature / Lynn McDonald, editor. (Collected works of Florence Nightingale ; v. 5) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88920-429-2 1. Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910 — Political and social views. 2. Great Britain — Social policy. 3. Great Britain — Politics and government — 1837-1901. I. McDonald, Lynn, 1940- II. Title. III. Series: Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v. 5. RT37.N5A2 2003 v. 5 361.92 C2002-906079-6 © 2003 Wilfrid Laurier University Press Cover design by Leslie Macredie. Front cover photograph: Portrait of Flo- rence Nightingale, by her sister, Par thenopeNightingale, or cousin, Hilary Bonham Carter, cour tesyClaydon House Trust. Back cover photograph of British Houses of Parliament: © Yetsuh Frank / GreatBuildings.com. Photo- graph of Lynn McDonald from Canadian Press. ∞ Printed in Canada Ever y reasonable effor thas been made to acquire per missionfor copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accu- rately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher’s attention will be cor- rected in future printings. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777. Wilfrid Laurier University Press Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.wlupress.wlu.ca Collected Works of Florence Nightingale Web site: http://www.sociology.uoguelph.ca/fnightingale Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................. ix Dramatis Personae ............................................................................ xi List of Illustrations ............................................................................ xii Florence Nightingale: A Précis of the Collected Works .................... xiii Introduction to Volume 5 ................................................................. 1 Key to Editing .................................................................................... 5 Society: Essays, Letters and Notes on Social Physics and Social Statistics Nightingale’s Quetelet ...................................................................... 11 Mar ginal Annotations to Physique sociale ............................................ 18 Essay ‘‘In Memoriam’’ ..................................................................... 36 Notes and Letters to Jowett on Quetelet and Probability ................... 68 Hospital Statistics ............................................................................ 74 Analysis of the 1841 Census ............................................................. 92 Proposals for the 1861 Census .......................................................... 95 As Householder in the 1871 Census ................................................. 103 Proposal for a Chair in Social Physics ............................................... 105 Social Policy, Pover ty, Poor Law and Charity .................................. 129 ‘‘A Note on Pauperism’’ ................................................................... 129 ‘‘Who Is the Savage?’’ ...................................................................... 159 Relief of Distress .............................................................................. 163 Income Security and Housing for Workers ....................................... 166 Social-Class Issues ............................................................................ 186 Co-operatives versus Trade Unions ................................................... 194 ‘‘Jack O’Darmstadt’’ ........................................................................ 198 Assisted Emigration ......................................................................... 201 Cof feeHouses, Workingmen’s Institutes and Temperance ................ 205 Fred Ver ney’s Clubs for Workingmen ............................................... 210 Crime, Crime-ology, Juvenile Offenders and Prisons ......................... 223 Gender and the Family .................................................................... 231 /v vi / Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics Gordon Boys’ Home ........................................................................ 242 Private Charities and Fundraising .................................................... 256 Politics: Essays, Notes and Letters Gover nment,Public Policy and Elections ....................................... 279 ‘‘Politics and Public Administration’’ ............................................... 279 Social Progress ................................................................................ 290 ‘‘Go Down into Hell Bravely’’ ........................................................... 297 Notes on the Decline of Public Administration ................................. 300 British Imperialism/Foreign Policy .................................................. 316 Elections and Party Politics .............................................................. 329 Elections 1830s-1850s ...................................................................... 330 Elections 1860s ................................................................................ 336 Elections 1870s ................................................................................ 342 1880 Election .................................................................................. 344 Elections 1885 and Later ................................................................. 347 Endorsing Candidates ..................................................................... 360 Political Notables: Letters and Notes ............................................... 369 John Stuart Mill ............................................................................... 369 Queen Victoria and Prince Albert .................................................... 410 William Ewart Gladstone ................................................................. 427 Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord Houghton ..................................... 477 General Charles Gordon .................................................................. 490 Liberal and Progressive Politicians ................................................... 512 Viceroys, Governors General of India ............................................... 522 Conser vative Politicians ................................................................... 528 Other Political Notables .................................................................. 535 Other Royal Persons ........................................................................ 540 Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature Philosophy ......................................................................................... 551 Jowett’s Dialogues of Plato .................................................................. 551 Other Philosophers, Greek to Modern ............................................. 624 Natural Science ................................................................................. 645 Scientific Method and Discovery ...................................................... 648 Evolution and Heredity ................................................................... 652 Education .......................................................................................... 663 Visit to Oxford University ................................................................ 667 Teaching and Lesson Plans .............................................................. 671 Appointment of a Mistress at