Instruction for the ENVS project

1. Write the name of the college 2. Write the topic of the project- Study of Common at neighborhood locality 3. Write “Project of ENVS” 4. Write your name 5. Write your University Registration no. 6. Write your University roll no. (If don’t get the admit card write previous exam roll no.) 7. Write your department 8. Inside project: [1000-2000 words] A. Introduction : [200-300 words] what is ? Their general characteristics (presence of feathers, beaks, wings, warm blooded etc.) B. Description of at least 3 birds : [500-800 words] a) Bird 1 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. b) Bird 2 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. c) Bird 3 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. d) … and so on C. Conclusion : [200-300 words] why birds are important, ecological significances and importance, threats etc. 9. Follow all the instructions carefully and submit accordingly within given time limit, for sure.

আবশ্যিক পশ্িববযশ্ব駍িা’ি প্রকবেি শ্ববিণ লেখাি শ্িব駍েযাবেী।

1. মহবিদ্যালয়ের নাম : 2. প্রকয়ের নাম : বনকটির্তী অঞ্চয়লর ানীে পবি嗂য়লর বিিরণ । 3. “Project of ENVS” বলখুন 4. বনয়ের নাম 5. University Registration no. 6. University roll no. (ির্ততমান প্রয়িশ পত্র না থাকয়ল গর্তিায়রর 綿র সাহায্য বনন.) 7. বনয়ের বিভায়গর নাম বলখুন 8. প্রকয়ের অন্তরিস্তু : [1000-2000 শয়ের ময়যয] A. সূচনা : [200-300 শয়ের ময়যয] পিী কী ? র্তায়দ্র সাযারণ বিবশষ্ট্য (পালক, চঞ্চু , ডানার উপববর্ত, উষ্ণ রয়ের প্রাণী ইর্তযাবদ্) B. কমপয়ি ৩ 綿 পাবখর িণতনা : [500-800 শয়ের ময়যয] a) পাবখ 1 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। b) পাবখ 2 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। c) পাবখ 3 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। d) … এিং এই쇂য়প আয়রা C. বসদ্ধান্ত : [200-300 শয়ের ময়যয] পবি嗂য়লর প্রয়োেনীের্তা, িাস্তুর্তাবিক 巁쇁ত্ব, বিপদ্ ইর্তযাবদ্। 9. সম বনয়দ্তশািলী স膿ক ভায়ি পালন কয়র, এিং অিশযই প্রদ্ত্ত সমেসীমার ময়যয প্রকয়ের বিিরণ েমা শ্রদ্ওোর অনুয়রায করা হয়ে।

References

 Environment – Problems and Solutions. Asthana and Asthana. S. Chand Publication.

 Environmental Pollution – Health and Toxicology. SVS Rana. Narosa Publishing House.

 Environment. Edited Prof RN Basu. Calcutta University

 Abosyik Poribesh Bidya. Bijoy Bandopadhyay. United Book Agency.

 Poribesh bidya. Rupen Chettrejee and Gurudas Mukhopadhyay. Saraswati Prokashoni.

 Poribesh. Dr. Aneesh Chatterjee. TD Publication.

INTRODUCTION

and feathers. The nf Birds are warm bodied creatures with wings body temperature of birds is generally higher than that of humans, so they seem warm to the touch Birds lay eggs which they incubate until hatchingor, in some cases, get some other bird to do the incubating. In some species such as our songbirds, the youno hatch naked and helpless and must be fed and cared for by a parent bird. Others, like the chickens and their relatives, produce down-covered young that are able run about and feed themselves. They are still dependent for protection upon adult birds. Birds range in size from thumb-sized hummingbirds to ostriches larger than a big man. Most birds, of course, fall somewhere between these two extremes. One common bird, the American Robin is about 10 inches in length, approximately the handspan of a large man. The smallest american birds are some species of hummingbird that could nest and raise a family in the cupped palm of a child. The largest are the cranes and herons, which, when standing erect, are almost eye-to eye with a human adult. The nearly extinct California Condor has a wing span of aimost 10 feet, and the Bald Eagle spans 7 feet. Birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig. They live in woodlands open areas, cities, farms, lakes, swampseven the open ocean. They lay their eges and raise their young in holes in the ground, in nests of varying complexity in vegetation or on the ground, in holes in trees, in human-constructed nest boxes, and in or on various parts of buildings. ROCK PIGEON

The Rock Dove or Rock Pigeon is a member of the bird family Columbidae. In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the "pigeon. The species includes the domestic pigeon, and escaped domestic pigeons have given rise to feral populations around the world. Wild4 Rock Doves are pale grey with two black bars on each are wing, although domestic feraland pigeons very variable in colour and pattern. Scientific Name: Columba livia Kingdom Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae Genus: Columba Species: C. livia

DESCRIPTION: The rock dove has a dark bluish-gray head, neck, and chest with glossy and yellowish, greenish, reddish-purple iridescence along its neck and wing feathers. Females tend to show less iridescence than the males. The bill is dark 2 dark bands across the grayish-pink. wings are seen in most pigeons, and 1 bluish-gray band across the tail. Rock doves and feral pigeons can be divided into large number of different phenotypes, or groups based on outward characteristics. Some of these classifications are the blue-bar, blue checker, dark checker, spread, and red phenotypes. Body Length: 33 cm Geographic Range: Wild Columba livia are native to Europe, North Africa, and all of outhwestern Asia. Feral pigeons are found worldwide, including throughout is not North America. It should be noted that occurrence within this range evenly istributed. their heads forward and PEnaviour: Pigeons generally walk or run while bobbing often seen direct Pigeons are most Packward. They fly with a steady and path. of the and in during the heat day, according ng daylight, seeking cover at night and feeding, but no play has climate. flock while roosting, sunning, ne They intruders both sexes are aggressive, pecking n observed. In the nesting territory, pn the head. Wild rock doves nest in crevices along rocky seaside clifi's, close t. Habitat: Feral live in old farm buildingsi agriculture or open shrub vegetation. pigeons rural areas. In cities, the skyscrapers tend ta take the place of their natural clit surroundings. Food Habbit: Rock doves feed in the early morning and in the mid-afternoon on the open ground. They eat mainly seeds. Studies of pigeons in a semi-rural part of Kansas found that their diet includes the following: 92% corn, 3.2% oats, 3.7% chery. along with small amounts of knotweed, elm, poison ivy, and barley. In cities, feral pigeons also eat popcorn, cake, peanuts, bread, and currants. Female rock doves need to eat a diet somewhat higher in protein and calcium in order to have the nutritional resources to lay eggs. Economic Importance: Eaten by humans and used for laboratory research. for Humans Positive Economic Importance: A large number ofpigeons living in a small area can be a for Humans a nuisance to farmers. Some diseases (e.g.), Negative histoplasmosis) may be spread in pigeon droppings. Conservation Status: Since pigeons are often fed by well-meaning city dwellers, their numbers are high. Wild rock doves also have no special status. ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET

The Rose-ringed Parakeet ( krameri), also known as the Ring-necked Parakeet, is a gregarious tropical Afro-Asian parakeet species that has an extremely large range. Since the trend of the population appears to be increasing, the species was evaluated as Least Concern by parakeets are UCUCN 2012.Rose-ringed popular as ratescommemorates thethe Austri naturalist pets. Its scientific name Austrian Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer. Scientific Name Psittacula krameri Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order Psittaciformes Superfamily: Psittacoidea Family: Subfamily: Psittaculinae Tribe Psittaculini Genus: Psittacula Species: P. Krameri

DESCRIPTION: Rose-ringed Parakeet has yellow-green plumage, long, graduated ail and broad, rounded and hooked pinkish-red bill. Maie shows black bib, narrow black and pink collar, extending from the bib, around the cheeks, to the nape sides where it tapers into a fine point. This half collar is bordered behind by narrow pink line extending across the nape, below an indistinct bluish crescent on the hind crown.

where are The ight feathers are darker green above than below they mostly grey. a1l has bluish-green central rectrices, and ochraceous undertail feathers. Body Length: 41 cm from Central Africa to Uganda, phic Range; Rose-ringed Parakeet ranges Southern Asia, India and Sri Lanka. England, the It East, America, has been introducedint in Middle and Far North .Ocen cosmopolitan. Netherlands, and Germany. It is very Belgiur 25-30 yrs. parakeets averages Lifespan: xpected lifespan of rose-ringed and bird. Behaviour: Rose-ringed Parakeet is a foolhardy opportunistic It has ha.oeen introduced as cage-bird, but this species is able to adapt very well. It lives in moremo or less large groups in most of the big cities. In their native areas, they gather:in order to invade grain and fruit crops, and they also may be found in granaries wher.ere they open the grain sacks with their hooked bills. They often quarrel aroundthe food sources. During the breeding season, the groups disperse. Some courtshi displays show the female rolling the eyes while twittering, and drawing semi-circle with the head while she moves the wings. At the same time, the male struts. The touch their beaks, and the male performs courtship feeding to the female while raises one leg. At this moment, both birds utter soft sounds. The Rose-ringed Parakee is monogamous. Habitat: Rose-ringed Parakeet is common in cultivated areas, urban parks and gardens, open countryside with trees, palm-trees thickets, dry and open forest. I also may be found in semi-desert areas and second grow open jungles, mainly in lowlands. It frequents semi-desert savannahs with short grass, open bushy areas wooded valleys and evergreen forests. This species is now common in the large urban parks. Food Habit: The Rose-ringed Parakeet feeds on seeds, berries, flowers and nectar

After the breeding season, in some places, they arrive in groups and feed on grain rice and maize in cutivated areas, but they also devastate orchards and cofe plantations. In California, they consume pecan nuts, buds and varied fruits. Avicultureg Rose-ringed Parakeets are popular as pets and they have a long histon in aviculture. The ancient Greeks kept the Indian subspecies P. krameri manillensis and the ancient Romans kept the African subspecies P. krameri krameri. Colou mutations of the Indian-ringnecked Parakeet subspecies have become widel available in recent years. Mimicry: Both males and females have the ability to mimic human speech. First listens to its surroundings, and then it copies the voice of the human speaker. Som people hand-raise Rose-ringed parakeet chicks for this purpose. Such parrotsthe become quite tame and receptive to learning. They can also show emotions simil to human beings and adjust easily to family life. They take time to mimic. corvation However, in some Status: parts of South Asia-from where the Rose-ringed Parakeets originated-populations of these birds are decreasing due to trapping for the pet trade. Despite some people's attempts to revive their population by freeing these birds from local markets, the Rose-ringed Parakeet's population has dropped drastically in many areas of the Indian subcontinent. BLACK KITE

The Black Kite is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae. although some populations have experienced dramatic declines or fluctuations.

Scientific Name Milvus Migrans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Milvus Species: M. migrans Red Kites by the slightly distinguished from Black Kites can be DESCRIPTION: dark plumage without in flight), and generally SImaller forked tail (visible head and neck size, less is brown but the The upper plumage are alike. feathers y ufous. The sexes darker. The outer flight behind the eye appears dtotend be paler. The patch are black and the feathers have dark cross bars and are mottled at the base. The lower parts of the body are pale brown, becoming lighter towards the chin, Ths e body feathers have dark shafts giving it a streaked appearance. The cere and gape

are yellow, but the bill is black (unlike in the Yellow-billed Kite). The legs are yellow and the claws are black. They have a distinctive shrill whistle followed by a rapid whinnying call Body Length: 40-60 cm Geographic Range; Black kites (Milvus migrans) occur in tropical portions of Australasia, Eurasia, and Africa. However, they are lacking in the Indonesian Archipelago, specifically in areas between the Wallace line and the mainland of Southeast Asia. Black kites also occur in temperate areas, including Palearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, and Australian regions. However, year-round, they reside mainly in the southern-most areas of tropical Oriental and Ethiopian regions. Their abundance in these areas has been associated with the abundance of resources. There are no known regions in which this species has been introduced. Their Palearctic range, spanning from the west coast of Central Europe to the east coast of Asia, is occupied only during early summer (late March to early May) and is mainly for breeding. The Australian region is used only during winters (December through February). Black kites migrate depending on the availability of roosting sites and resources. Lifespan: In the wild, black kites have been recorded to live up to 24 years. Expected lifespan of black kites averages 22 years. There are no known captive records, but their closest relative, Milvus milvus, has a known lifespan in captivity of up to 26 years. Behaviour: Black kites typically live in social groups. During the breeding season, however, they can be solitary or live in smaller groups. Sibling dominance is determined by hatching order of the birds and the mass of the eggs, because larger eggs usually result in larger birds. This hierarchy also develops because birds that hatch first have an advantage by learning earlier then birds that hatch later. Most populations of black kites migrate seasonally. Where they migrate usually is dependent on the specific geographic range of the kite. In general, populations that regions will breedin northern migrate south to overwinter. that D tropica will ofter Populations breed more regions remain in the in same area if remain abundant. year-round resources

kites a Habitat:itat: BlackBlack inhabit broad range of habitats. Most are found in open where there is close access to as water bodies such as rivers, ponds, or lakes. are found Black kites commonly along river edges, which provide necessary urcessources suchsuch as fresh water and fish. Wetlands are another habitat that attracts Mk kites. Black kites also occur in woodlands, open savannas, and sometimes cities. It has been enin large suggested that they reside in African and Asian ties because there is high prey abundance, such as roadkill or rats.Most black to Africa kites migrate during the winter, settling near the southern Sahara region. Black kites are rarely seen in natural desert habitats or high elevation mountainous areas. In addition, although black kites are attracted to various woodland habitats, they rarely inhabit dense forests.

Food Habit: Black kites have broad, carnivorous diets and feed on many different animal species. They are considered insectivores, piscivores, and scavengers. Black kites will hunt for food, but more often act as scavengers. They will steal eggs from other kites for food and scavenge dead carcasses left behind from other . Black kites also are known to hover over fires to catch insects. Their diet also ncludes a variety of fish, reptiles, amphibians and other small mammals and birds.Black kites will catch and eat their prey by using their sharp talons to dig into and pull apart the prey both in aerial and ground attacks.

efficient within LEOSYstem Roles: Black kites play an essential role as scavengers are found on black kites, as well as ur ecosystems. A variety of external parasites cheelis and some Veral species of endoparasitic trematodes such as Opisthorchis These are typically ingested Parasitic flatworms like Holostephanus metorchis. Ouring the consumption of fish. black kites to no known benefits of Eco mportance : Athough there are consume closest known relative, forans H humans, red kites, their road-kill, which In addition, they scavenge Positivemany crop-destroying pests. of disease. and 10 potentially may help to reduce the spread (Meyer Francl, 1995 Richards, 1998) Economic Importance: There are no known adverse effects of Milvus migramigrans on for Humans humans. Negative Conservation Status: According to the International Union for Conservation at Nature and Natural Resources' (IUCN) Red List, Milvus migrans is given the conservation status of "Least Concern," showing no near possible threats to the species. This is due to the fact that the species covers many different areas and has such a large population within the areas. Though some populations are declining in numbers, the numbers are not significant to decrease the as a whole. population Causes oflocal population declines include water pollution, and agricultural pesticides associated runoff, hunting by humans, and carcass poisoning. COMMON MYNAH

The Common Myna or Indian Myna, sometimes spelled Mynah, is a member of the family Sturnidae native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the Myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments. Scientifie Name: Acridotheres tristis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae Genus: Acridotheres Species: A. tristis

DESCRIPT The Common OFSCRIPTION: Myna is readily identified by the brown body, the bare blackck hooded head, yellow behind patch the eye. The bill and legs are brig yellow. white patch on the outer primaries and the wing lining on the underside The sexes are similar and birds uhite. are usually seen in pairs and obeys Gloger's le that the birds from in northwest India tend to be paler than their darker counterparts in South India. Body length: 23 centimetres The are native Geographic Range: mynas to s.Asia. Their natural breeding range is from Afghanistan through India and S.Lanka to Bangladesh. They've been iptroduced to many tropical areas of the world except for S.America. Common mynas are a resident species in India, although occasional east-west movements have been reported. Taxonoy and subspecies; The Common Myna has two subspecies. L. Acridotheres tristis tristis (Linnaeus, 1758) Widespread, including Sri Lanka. 2. A.L melanosternus Legge, 1879. Endemic to Sri Lanka. The subspecies melanosternus is darker than the nominate subspecies, has half- black and half-white primary coverts and has a larger yellow cheek-patch. The type locality of the nominate subspecies is Puducherry, India. Lifespam: Little is known about the lifespan of common mynas. Reports suggest an average life expectancy for both sexes of 4 years. Lack of food or resources is the biggest limiting factor in the survival of common mynas. Other factors that contribute to mortality rates are poor selection of nest sites and unfavorable weather. small flocks after Penavior: Common mynas are social, with juveniles forming y leave their parents. Adults forage in loose flocks of5 or 6, composed of single Outside of the breeding season they roost in 1. pairs, and family groups. birds, Communal is helnf.nlarg from tens to thousands. roosting groups that can vary helpful for the sea- and also for food distribution. During breedinging defense against predators season, violent while competing with other can be and common mynas aggressive pairy Common are described as tame, gregarious, and hola over nesting sites. mynas Dold, within mated pairs. When foraging, these mynas he and engage in allopreening hop and on branches. Common mynas have al sideways and saunter along the ground lso been observed participating in anting with fire ants. Habitat: Common mynas occupy a wide range of habitats in warm areas with access to water. In their native range, common mynas inhabit open agricultura areas such as farmlands as well as cities. They are often found on the outskirts of towns and also outlying homesteads in desert or forest. They tend to avoid dense vegetation. They are most common in dry woodlands and partly open forests. On the Hawaiian islands, they have been reported from elevations of sea level to 3000 meters. Common mynas prefer to roost in isolated stands of tall trees with dense canopies. Food Habits: Common mynas are omnivorous and feed on almost anything. Their primary diet consists of fruit, grain, grubs, and insects. They prey on eges and young of other birds, such as akepas (Loxops coccineus). They sometimes even wade in shallow waters to catch fish. Common mynas feed mostly on the ground. In

residential areas they eat anything from garbage to kitchen scraps. Common mynas eat small mammals, such as mice, as well as lizards and small snakes. They also ea spiders, earthworms, and crabs. Common mynas eat mostly grains and fruit, dur also feed on flower nectar and petals.

Common are Ecosystem Roles: mynas important pollination or seed-dispersal agen for many plants and trees. On the Hawaiian Islands they disperse the seeds of Lantantana camara. They also help control cutworms (Spodoptera mauritia) on the Hawailan

Islands. Common also act as des, mynas hosts for various parasites such as nematou tapeworms, trematode ave flukes, arthropods, and bird mites. In areas where they no been introduced they negatively impact native bird and seabird species by preyying on eggs and nestlings. EconomicImportance i Common mynas may be helpful populations ineducing insect

in agricultural areas. On Humans the Hawaiian Islands, Positivee theythey help control populations of cutworms Common mynas also erse the seeds of pollinate and economically important trees. Common for their mynas are often sold as pets their intelligence and to ability mimic human speech. In 1883, mOn mynas were introduced into the cane fields of Australia to combat insect pests such as plague locusts and cane beetles. Economic lmportance: Common mynas are able to establish for Humans themselves in almost any as a result, have become

Negative an invasive species in some areas outside of their native range. They are

because eat considereda pest they grain or fruit from agricultural crops, such as fig rees. They are also seen as a nuisance for their noise and droppings in the vicinity of human habitation.

Conservation Status: Common mynas remain common throughout much of their range.

HOUSE CROW he House Crow, also known as the Colombo Crow is a common bird of the Crow family that s of Asian origin but now found in many parts Lne world, where they arrived assisted by the shipping. It is between the Jackdaw and relatively arrion Crow in size 40 cm, but is throat slimme than either. The forehead, crown, and black, whilst upper breast are a richly glossed The tail and legs ara grey-brown in colour. wings, e the neck and breast are a lighter of the bill and the depth variations in the thickness f black. There are regional colour in areas of the plumage.

Scientific Name: Corvus splendens Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae Genus: Corvus Species: C. Splendens

Description: House Crow is a slender, blackish medium-sized crow, with long bil Head, nape and breast sides are greyish, contrasting with the black body plumage. Forehead, chin and throat are black. Under parts are paler grey. The black bill is longer than in other crows. Eyes are brown. Long legs and feet are black. Both sexes are similar. Juvenile is slightly darker, with darker grey areas and duller black plumage than in adults

Body Length: 43 cmn Geographical Range: House Crow has certainly been introduced by boats coming from Southern Asia. It is found in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Behaviour: House Crow is well named. It is very sociable and noisy once established. This species lives near humans, cleaning streets and gardens, and perching on roofs, pylons and others poles. It feeds mainly on the ground, but also in trees or buildings. It is often seen near rubbish, slaughter-houses, markets and farmlands, beaches close to fisheries or near touristic complexes. It can travel more than 15 km for feeding. House Crow is sedentary. When giving its typical call « kwaa», it is perched with head held forwards, fluffed throat feathers and dropped tail. During the breeding season, it is seen in pairs, but it usually lives in groups or up to 50 birds. It may become aggressive against raptors. Courtship displays consist preening and bil ofmutua tual nreening bill-rubbing, occasionally followed in by rapid copulation. behaviour occurs trees. This abitat: TheNew Ne World, a small population of House Crows is established in the Petersburg, Florida. It is srearoundar St. associated with human settlements in all of firomfroms small villages to large cities. In itsrange, Singapore there was of 190 s/km2 in 2001 with efforts to suppress the population in planning.a density Due to a human populatiepopulation explosion in the areas it inhabits, this species has also Otionatelyortionately multnultiplied. Being an omnivorous scavenger has enabled it to thrive ch circumstances. The invasive potential for the species is great all over the ies This species is able to make use of resources with great flexibility and trop nears to be associated with humans, and no populations are known to exist independently ofhumans. House Crow is often seen near towns and villages, mainly* with harbour. It needs some trees too. This species is common in mangroves, coconut groves and plantations, particularly banyan trees. Food Habit: House Crow is omnivorous. It feeds on rubbish, left-over's, debris, and in sewage. It also consumes lizards, fish, frogs, insects, crabs, nectar, fruits and cereal seeds, but chicks, eggs and small mammals too. Crows feed largely on refuse around human habitations, small reptiles and other animals such as insects and other small invertebrates, eggs, nestlings, grain and fruits. Crows have also been observed swooping down from the air and snatching baby squirrels. Most food is taken from the ground, but also from trees as opportunity arises. They are highly OPportunistic birds and given their omnivorous diet, they can survive on nearly and anything that is edible. These birds can be seen near marketplaces garbage been observed to eat sand after feeding unps, foraging for scraps. They have also on carcass. viruses, such as PMV1 humans: It is suspected that paramyxo donship to in that Corvus splendens. Outbreaks Causescauses ofof NewcastNewcastle disease may be spread by in crows. They have India often by mortality O Newcastle disease were preceded neoformans which can causecryptococcosis carry Cryptococcus Ound to of blood parasites n showed an absence udns.Crows in Tanzania curiously corvi have been first although some species such as Trypanosoma described.d from this species. Cornservation Status: House Crow populations

are not threatened. In some locations, the vultures' population decline reduces food-competition and is to House Crow's advantage.

CONCLUSION

The only way to become proficient at birding is to practice. Birding many birds with a Duck look or a brief just listen to their sayingg start by learning the easy ones and common like mynas birds like bulbuls and doves. There move on gradually to the more difficult species and soon you will be surprised to realize that you known most of the birds in your area. Get out every month. Thanks to migration there are different birds to see in each season .But also the resident birds area easier to see in same month than a there. Have practice and keep after trying. Birding requires skill and like any other skillful activity learning it takes time. Don't despair even experience birders others have difficulty identifying similar types of waders are galls Any bird Atoner bird correctly is not being honest.