Instruction for the ENVS project 1. Write the name of the college 2. Write the topic of the project- Study of Common birds at neighborhood locality 3. Write “Project of ENVS” 4. Write your name 5. Write your University Registration no. 6. Write your University roll no. (If don’t get the admit card write previous exam roll no.) 7. Write your department 8. Inside project: [1000-2000 words] A. Introduction : [200-300 words] what is Bird ? Their general characteristics (presence of feathers, beaks, wings, warm blooded animal etc.) B. Description of at least 3 birds : [500-800 words] a) Bird 1 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. b) Bird 2 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. c) Bird 3 : taxonomic positions, habit and habitat, seasonal preferences etc. d) … and so on C. Conclusion : [200-300 words] why birds are important, ecological significances and importance, threats etc. 9. Follow all the instructions carefully and submit accordingly within given time limit, for sure. আবশ্যিক পশ্িববযশ্ব駍িা’ি প্রকবেি শ্ববিণ লেখাি শ্িব駍েযাবেী। 1. মহবিদ্যালয়ের নাম : 2. প্রকয়ের নাম : বনকটির্তী অঞ্চয়লর ানীে পবি嗂য়লর বিিরণ । 3. “Project of ENVS” বলখুন 4. বনয়ের নাম 5. University Registration no. 6. University roll no. (ির্ততমান প্রয়িশ পত্র না থাকয়ল গর্তিায়রর 綿র সাহায্য বনন.) 7. বনয়ের বিভায়গর নাম বলখুন 8. প্রকয়ের অন্তরিস্তু : [1000-2000 শয়ের ময়যয] A. সূচনা : [200-300 শয়ের ময়যয] পিী কী ? র্তায়দ্র সাযারণ বিবশষ্ট্য (পালক, চঞ্চু , ডানার উপববর্ত, উষ্ণ রয়ের প্রাণী ইর্তযাবদ্) B. কমপয়ি ৩ 綿 পাবখর িণতনা : [500-800 শয়ের ময়যয] a) পাবখ 1 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। b) পাবখ 2 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। c) পাবখ 3 : শ্রেণীবিনযাসগর্ত অিান,স্বভাি ও িাসান, পছন্দসই আিহাওো ইর্তযাবদ্। d) … এিং এই쇂য়প আয়রা C. বসদ্ধান্ত : [200-300 শয়ের ময়যয] পবি嗂য়লর প্রয়োেনীের্তা, িাস্তুর্তাবিক 巁쇁ত্ব, বিপদ্ ইর্তযাবদ্। 9. সম বনয়দ্তশািলী স膿ক ভায়ি পালন কয়র, এিং অিশযই প্রদ্ত্ত সমেসীমার ময়যয প্রকয়ের বিিরণ েমা শ্রদ্ওোর অনুয়রায করা হয়ে। References Environment – Problems and Solutions. Asthana and Asthana. S. Chand Publication. Environmental Pollution – Health and Toxicology. SVS Rana. Narosa Publishing House. Environment. Edited Prof RN Basu. Calcutta University Abosyik Poribesh Bidya. Bijoy Bandopadhyay. United Book Agency. Poribesh bidya. Rupen Chettrejee and Gurudas Mukhopadhyay. Saraswati Prokashoni. Poribesh. Dr. Aneesh Chatterjee. TD Publication. INTRODUCTION and feathers. The nf Birds are warm bodied creatures with wings body temperature of birds is generally higher than that of humans, so they seem warm to the touch Birds lay eggs which they incubate until hatchingor, in some cases, get some other bird to do the incubating. In some species such as our songbirds, the youno hatch naked and helpless and must be fed and cared for by a parent bird. Others, like the chickens and their relatives, produce down-covered young that are able run about and feed themselves. They are still dependent for protection upon adult birds. Birds range in size from thumb-sized hummingbirds to ostriches larger than a big man. Most birds, of course, fall somewhere between these two extremes. One common bird, the American Robin is about 10 inches in length, approximately the handspan of a large man. The smallest american birds are some species of hummingbird that could nest and raise a family in the cupped palm of a child. The largest are the cranes and herons, which, when standing erect, are almost eye-to eye with a human adult. The nearly extinct California Condor has a wing span of aimost 10 feet, and the Bald Eagle spans 7 feet. Birds walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig. They live in woodlands open areas, cities, farms, lakes, swampseven the open ocean. They lay their eges and raise their young in holes in the ground, in nests of varying complexity in vegetation or on the ground, in holes in trees, in human-constructed nest boxes, and in or on various parts of buildings. ROCK PIGEON The Rock Dove or Rock Pigeon is a member of the bird family Columbidae. In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the "pigeon. The species includes the domestic pigeon, and escaped domestic pigeons have given rise to feral populations around the world. Wild4 Rock Doves are pale grey with two black bars on each are wing, although domestic feraland pigeons very variable in colour and pattern. Scientific Name: Columba livia Kingdom Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae Genus: Columba Species: C. livia DESCRIPTION: The rock dove has a dark bluish-gray head, neck, and chest with glossy and yellowish, greenish, reddish-purple iridescence along its neck and wing feathers. Females tend to show less iridescence than the males. The bill is dark 2 dark bands across the grayish-pink. wings are seen in most pigeons, and 1 bluish-gray band across the tail. Rock doves and feral pigeons can be divided into large number of different phenotypes, or groups based on outward characteristics. Some of these classifications are the blue-bar, blue checker, dark checker, spread, and red phenotypes. Body Length: 33 cm Geographic Range: Wild Columba livia are native to Europe, North Africa, and all of outhwestern Asia. Feral pigeons are found worldwide, including throughout is not North America. It should be noted that occurrence within this range evenly istributed. their heads forward and PEnaviour: Pigeons generally walk or run while bobbing often seen direct Pigeons are most Packward. They fly with a steady and path. of the and in during the heat day, according ng daylight, seeking cover at night and feeding, but no play has climate. flock while roosting, sunning, ne They intruders both sexes are aggressive, pecking n observed. In the nesting territory, pn the head. Wild rock doves nest in crevices along rocky seaside clifi's, close t. Habitat: Feral live in old farm buildingsi agriculture or open shrub vegetation. pigeons rural areas. In cities, the skyscrapers tend ta take the place of their natural clit surroundings. Food Habbit: Rock doves feed in the early morning and in the mid-afternoon on the open ground. They eat mainly seeds. Studies of pigeons in a semi-rural part of Kansas found that their diet includes the following: 92% corn, 3.2% oats, 3.7% chery. along with small amounts of knotweed, elm, poison ivy, and barley. In cities, feral pigeons also eat popcorn, cake, peanuts, bread, and currants. Female rock doves need to eat a diet somewhat higher in protein and calcium in order to have the nutritional resources to lay eggs. Economic Importance: Eaten by humans and used for laboratory research. for Humans Positive Economic Importance: A large number ofpigeons living in a small area can be a for Humans a nuisance to farmers. Some diseases (e.g.), Negative histoplasmosis) may be spread in pigeon droppings. Conservation Status: Since pigeons are often fed by well-meaning city dwellers, their numbers are high. Wild rock doves also have no special status. ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET The Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), also known as the Ring-necked Parakeet, is a gregarious tropical Afro-Asian parakeet species that has an extremely large range. Since the trend of the population appears to be increasing, the species was evaluated as Least Concern by parakeets are UCUCN 2012.Rose-ringed popular as ratescommemorates thethe Austri naturalist pets. Its scientific name Austrian Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer. Scientific Name Psittacula krameri Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order Psittaciformes Superfamily: Psittacoidea Family: Psittaculidae Subfamily: Psittaculinae Tribe Psittaculini Genus: Psittacula Species: P. Krameri DESCRIPTION: Rose-ringed Parakeet has yellow-green plumage, long, graduated ail and broad, rounded and hooked pinkish-red bill. Maie shows black bib, narrow black and pink collar, extending from the bib, around the cheeks, to the nape sides where it tapers into a fine point. This half collar is bordered behind by narrow pink line extending across the nape, below an indistinct bluish crescent on the hind crown. where are The ight feathers are darker green above than below they mostly grey. a1l has bluish-green central rectrices, and ochraceous undertail feathers. Body Length: 41 cm from Central Africa to Uganda, phic Range; Rose-ringed Parakeet ranges Southern Asia, India and Sri Lanka. England, the It East, America, has been introducedint in Middle and Far North .Ocen cosmopolitan. Netherlands, and Germany. It is very Belgiur 25-30 yrs. parakeets averages Lifespan: xpected lifespan of rose-ringed and bird. Behaviour: Rose-ringed Parakeet is a foolhardy opportunistic It has ha.oeen introduced as cage-bird, but this species is able to adapt very well. It lives in moremo or less large groups in most of the big cities. In their native areas, they gather:in order to invade grain and fruit crops, and they also may be found in granaries wher.ere they open the grain sacks with their hooked bills. They often quarrel aroundthe food sources. During the breeding season, the groups disperse. Some courtshi displays show the female rolling the eyes while twittering, and drawing semi-circle with the head while she moves the wings. At the same time, the male struts. The touch their beaks, and the male performs courtship feeding to the female while raises one leg.