Ammophila Arenaria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Ammophila arenaria COMMON NAME Marram grass FAMILY Poaceae AUTHORITY Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Grasses NVS CODE AMMARE HABITAT Terrestrial. Coastal plant, usually occurs on sand dunes, can occur in Marram. Photographer: John Barkla inland sites with low fertility. FEATURES Stout rhizomatous perennial grass. Rhizomes tough, creeping long distances in loose sand. Compact tufts formed, 1 m+ high. Leaves to 700 x 3-6 mm, greyish-green, tips sharp, reddish-brown sheaths overlapping; blades tightly rolled (appear cylindrical) in exposed conditions, loosely rolled in shade; densely hairy ribs above, striped below, narrow ligule 25 mm long. Seedhead a dense spike, whitish, to 30 cm long. SIMILAR TAXA Leymus racemosus is more robust, foliage less bluish. Austrofestuca littoralis native sand tussock can be confused with small marram plants. Whitiau Scenic Reserve, Wanganui. Jan 2000. Photographer: Colin Ogle FLOWERING November, December, January, February, March FLOWER COLOURS Green, Yellow FRUITING Unknown YEAR NATURALISED 1873 ORIGIN Europe, North Africa ETYMOLOGY arenaria: Sand dweller Reason For Introduction Agricultural Life Cycle Comments Perennial. Reproduction Can spread large distances via seed. Vegetative reproduction occurs rapidly through extensive rhizomatic growth. The plant achieves this by trapping sand and growing through it Seed Low amounts of seed are produced. Seed viability is low, with no contribution to the seed bank. Dispersal Seed is dispersed by wind. Direct spread from extending rhizomes, seed and rhizome fragments spread by wind and water, deliberate planting by people for sand dune Tolerances Highly tolerant to drought and is virtually unpalatable to grazing stock. Intolerant to shade. MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/ammophila-arenaria/.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Transferring of the Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) Character from Leymus Racemosus to Wheat
Transferring of the biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) character from Leymus racemosus to wheat Kishii M1, Ban T2, Subbarao GV3, Ortiz-Monasterio I1 1CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico, 2Kihara biology Institute Yokohama City University Maiokacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244- 0813 Japan, 3Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan ABSTRACT MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a character that may result in a reduction of emissions of nitrous Plant materials oxide (N O), a green house gas that has more than 300 2 Two varieties of bread wheat, Chinese Spring (CS) and times the warming power of CO as well as other forms 2, Nobeokabouzu, were used for the study. One accession of N which are lost to the environment. The BNI of Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev was collected character has not been found in the three major crops; along the Black Sea coast (accession number HT15405) wheat, rice and maize. However, Leymus racemosus, and has maintained as clones. The L. racemosus alien species of wheat, has shown high BNI capacity. chromosome addition or substitution lines were One of L. racemosus chromosome addition lines of produced in Tottori University, Japan (Kishii et al. 2004) wheat, Lr#n chromosome addition line, expressed about or provided from the Wheat Genetic and Genomic 80% of BNI character of L. racemosus, showing that Resources Center (WGGRC), Kansas State University BNI can be transferred into a wheat background. Two (Qi et al. 1998). Chinese Spring monosomic 3B, 5B, other addition lines showed higher levels of BNI than and 7B lines (2n=41) and ph1b line have been the parental wheat line.
[Show full text]
Types of American Grasses
z LIBRARY OF Si AS-HITCHCOCK AND AGNES'CHASE 4: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM oL TiiC. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE United States National Herbarium Volume XII, Part 3 TXE&3 OF AMERICAN GRASSES . / A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS, GRONOVIUS, SLOANE, SWARTZ, AND MICHAUX By A. S. HITCHCOCK z rit erV ^-C?^ 1 " WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued June 18, 1908 ii PREFACE The accompanying paper, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, u entitled Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux," is an important contribution to our knowledge of American grasses. It is regarded as of fundamental importance in the critical sys- tematic investigation of any group of plants that the identity of the species described by earlier authors be determined with certainty. Often this identification can be made only by examining the type specimen, the original description being inconclusive. Under the American code of botanical nomenclature, which has been followed by the author of this paper, "the nomenclatorial t}rpe of a species or subspecies is the specimen to which the describer originally applied the name in publication." The procedure indicated by the American code, namely, to appeal to the type specimen when the original description is insufficient to identify the species, has been much misunderstood by European botanists. It has been taken to mean, in the case of the Linnsean herbarium, for example, that a specimen in that herbarium bearing the same name as a species described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum must be taken as the type of that species regardless of all other considerations.
[Show full text]
Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and Related Genera Inferred from Giemsa C-Banded Karyotypes
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32, 3, 521-527 (2009) Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Genetic diversity and phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and related genera inferred from Giemsa C-banded karyotypes Hai-Qin Zhang1,2, Rui-Wu Yang3, Li Zhang3, Chun-Bang Ding3, Jian Zeng1 and Yong-Hong Zhou1,2 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 3College of Biology and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of 15 taxa from Hystrix and the related genera Leymus (NsXm), Elymus (StH), Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), Psathyrostachys (Ns), and Thinopyrum (E) were examined by using the Giemsa C-banded karyotype. The Hy. patula C-banding pattern was similar to those of Elymus species, whereas C-banding patterns of the other Hystrix species were similar to those of Leymus species. The results suggest high genetic diversity within Hystrix, and support treating Hy. patula as E. hystrix L., and transferring Hy. coreana, Hy. duthiei ssp. duthiei and Hy. duthiei ssp. longearistata to the genus Leymus. On comparing C-banding patterns of Elymus species with their diploid ancestors (Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum), there are indications that certain chro- mosomal re-arrangements had previously occurred in the St and H genomes. Furthermore, a comparison of the C-banding patterns of the Hystrix and Leymus species with the potential diploid progenitors (Psathyrostachys and Thinopyrum) suggests that Hy. coreana and some Leymus species are closely related to the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys, whereas Hy.
[Show full text]
Heathland 700 the Park & Poor's Allotment Species List
The Park & Poor's Allotment Bioblitz 25th - 26th July 2015 Common Name Scientific Name [if known] Site recorded Fungus Xylaria polymorpha Dead Man's Fingers Both Amanita excelsa var. excelsa Grey Spotted Amanita Poor's Allotment Panaeolus sp. Poor's Allotment Phallus impudicus var. impudicus Stinkhorn The Park Mosses Sphagnum denticulatum Cow-horn Bog-moss Both Sphagnum fimbriatum Fringed Bog-moss The Park Sphagnum papillosum Papillose Bog-moss The Park Sphagnum squarrosum Spiky Bog-moss The Park Sphagnum palustre Blunt-leaved Bog-moss Poor's Allotment Atrichum undulatum Common Smoothcap Both Polytrichum commune Common Haircap The Park Polytrichum formosum Bank Haircap Both Polytrichum juniperinum Juniper Haircap The Park Tetraphis pellucida Pellucid Four-tooth Moss The Park Schistidium crassipilum Thickpoint Grimmia Poor's Allotment Fissidens taxifolius Common Pocket-moss The Park Ceratodon purpureus Redshank The Park Dicranoweisia cirrata Common Pincushion Both Dicranella heteromalla Silky Forklet-moss Both Dicranella varia Variable Forklet-moss The Park Dicranum scoparium Broom Fork-moss Both Campylopus flexuosus Rusty Swan-neck Moss Poor's Allotment Campylopus introflexus Heath Star Moss Both Campylopus pyriformis Dwarf Swan-neck Moss The Park Bryoerythrophyllum Red Beard-moss Poor's Allotment Barbula convoluta Lesser Bird's-claw Beard-moss The Park Didymodon fallax Fallacious Beard-moss The Park Didymodon insulanus Cylindric Beard-moss Poor's Allotment Zygodon conoideus Lesser Yoke-moss The Park Zygodon viridissimus Green Yoke-moss
[Show full text]
Jason Giessow Testimony
Raszka Shelley From: Gallagher Chuck Sent: Friday, March 27, 2015 9:50 AM To: Raszka Shelley Subject: FW: testimony on HB 2183 Attachments: Cal-IPCNews_Winter2015.pdf From: Jason Giessow [ mailto:[email protected] ] Sent: Friday, March 27, 2015 9:49 AM To: Gallagher Chuck Subject: testimony on HB 2183 Hi Chuck- I was the primary author on this Impact Assessment for CA. It is posted at this web site: http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/research/arundo/index.php Basically- no one should be growing Arundo, it is destroying riverine systems in CA and Texas. There are entire conferences about how to control Arundo and tamarisk (the Deadly Duo). In the report is a CBA for coastal watersheds in CA and estimates $380 million dollars in damage . It destroys habitat- but also severely impacts flooding, fire, and water (the impact report has a chapter on each). That is why folks from both sides of the isle work on eradicating this plant. Planting it for commercial use is exceedingly dangerous, should be banned, or bonded at very high levels. CA has spent about $100 million dollars dealing with Arundo and its impacts (mostly state bond funds dealing with water: conservation, conveyance, and improvement). New state funding (Proposition 1) for water conservation and river conveyance will likely increase state funding for Arundo control to over $200 million dollars. Don’t let Oregon follow this trajectory. This recent article (attached- page 10) on the Salinas River Arundo program is one example of the impacts caused by Arundo, the complicated regulatory approval required to work on the issue, the high cost of the program, and most important- the farmers and landowners who pay the price for the impacts caused by Arundo (flooding, less water, fire, etc….).
[Show full text]
Y-17-008 Coastal Dune Ecology.Pdf
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Reuben Gabriel Biel for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology presented on September 12, 2017. Title: Coastal Dune Ecology, Geomorphology, and Ecosystem Services: How Invasive Beachgrasses, their Interactions, and Sediment Dynamics Shape U.S. Pacific Northwest Dunes Abstract approved: ________________________________________________________________________ Sally D. Hacker Biological invasions and climate change represent two preeminent threats to ecological communities and biodiversity, altering the distribution and abundance of species, disrupting existing species interactions and forming unprecedented ones, and creating novel ecological communities. Many of the most successful invasive species are also ecosystem engineers, species that physically modify the abiotic state of the ecosystem, and consequently have broad impacts on community structure, ecosystem processes, and ecosystem services. As ecosystems face dual hazards from biological invasions and climate change, it is imperative to understand what factors influence invasion success, how invasive species alter physical and biological processes, and how a changing climate alters the course of invasion. In this dissertation, I investigate the interactions of two invasive, dune-forming beachgrasses within the U.S Pacific Northwest coastal dune ecosystem and their influence on dune geomorphology and ecosystem services. Two species of non-native beachgrasses, Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link and A. breviligulata (Fernald), were intentionally introduced to the Pacific Northwest in the early 20th century for the purpose of sand stabilization. Since their introductions, they have displaced numerous endemic plants and animals, and facilitated the formation of tall, stable, and well-vegetated shore- parallel dune ridges throughout the region. However, the two Ammophila species differ in their distributions and their impacts on dunes: biogeographically, A.
[Show full text]
Ammophila Poster
Genetic Structure of Natural and Restored Populations of Ammophila breviligulata By Eileen Sirkin, Susanne Masi, and Jeremie Fant. Ammophila breviligulata at Ammophila breviligulata from Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe IL, 60022 Illinois Beach State Park Michigan side of the lake Dune Restorations: Importance of Beachgrass Chicago Lakefront Collection Area Illinois Beach State Park Distribution of Clones in Illinois Beachgrass samples were collected at: American Beachgrass, Ammophila breviligulata, is one of the first Illinois Beach State Park (natural) A comparison of the distribution of individual clones showed that plants to colonize sandy shores beyond the water’s edge. It functions Kathy Osterman Beach (natural) many of the spontaneous beaches shared clones, suggesting that to create and stabilize the beach and dune system, because of its Montrose Beach (natural/augmented) these had spread throughout the region. The nursery stock was tolerance of unstable beachfront conditions and ability to spread South Shore Beach (restored) comprised of a single clone, which was also identified on two of the utilizing underground rhizomes. The importance of Beachgrass for Questions Rainbow Beach (natural) planted beaches, suggesting that this supplier might have been the creating and stabilizing dunes has been recognized since at least 1958 source of the planted material. This clone was also found in many (Olson, 1958). In our own Lake Michigan shoreline study area, This genetic analysis focused on answering of the spontaneous populations, suggesting it is of local origin Beachgrass has been introduced at several Chicago lakefront sites, as two questions. First, what is the natural (assuming it was not introduced by planting). South Shore, a well as in surrounding areas.
[Show full text]
Botolph's Bridge, Hythe Redoubt, Hythe Ranges West And
Folkestone and Hythe Birds Tetrad Guide: TR13 G (Botolph’s Bridge, Hythe Redoubt, Hythe Ranges West, and Nickolls Quarry) The tetrad TR13 G contains a number of major local hotspots, with Nickolls Quarry, the Botolph’s Bridge area and part of Hythe Ranges located within its boundaries. As a consequence the tetrad has the richest diversity of breeding birds in the local area, with 71 species having a status of at least possible in the latest BTO Atlas survey. It also had the highest total of species (125) in the winter Atlas survey. Sadly a major housing development is now in progress at the Nickolls Quarry site and much of the best habitat is now being disturbed or lost. Nickolls Quarry has been watched since the late 1940s, though early coverage was patchy, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. As a working quarry the site has undergone significant changes during this time, expanding from two small pits to a much larger area of open water, some of which has since been backfilled. During 2001 to 2004 a series of shallow pools were created which proved particularly attractive to waders. Nickolls Quarry in 1952 Nickolls Quarry in 1998 Looking roughly northwards across the 'old pit' Looking south-west across the site towards the Hythe Roughs towards Dungeness Although a major housing development is underway on the site it still contains some interesting habitats. The lake is easily the largest area of open water in the local area and so remains one of the best areas for wildfowl, particularly during cold weather, for example in December 2010 when there were peak counts of 170 Wigeon, 107 Coot, 104 Pochard, 100 Teal, 53 Tufted Duck, 34 Gadwall, 18 Mute Swan, 12 Pintail, 10 Bewick’s Swan, 8 Shoveler, singles of Goldeneye and Goosander, and 300 White-fronted Geese flew over.
[Show full text]
Long-Term Effects of Planted Ammophila Breviligulata on North Beach Dune
Long-term Effects of Planted Ammophila breviligulata on North Beach Dune by Jacob T. Swineford, Grant Hoekwater, Issac J. Jacques, Manny L. Schrotenboer, and Matt Wierenga FYRES: Dunes Research Report # 16 May 2015 Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies Calvin College Grand Rapids, Michigan ABSTRACT Ammophila breviligulata is a beach grass commonly planted for dune management because of its burial tolerance and effectiveness in sand stabilization. The long term effect of planted beachgrass is not fully understood. This study investigated the vegetation health, distribution, and density of planted A. breviligulata in relation to the characteristics of a Lake Michigan coastal dune site. The study location is North Beach dune, which in 2004 was moving towards the only access road for many shoreline homes. To stabilize the dune, Ottawa County Park staff and volunteers have been planting A. breviligulata periodically over the past ten years. The investigation included comparing photographs from 2004 to 2014 and using GPS to map vegetated areas. The study area was divided into 9 sections and randomly-selected quadrats were used to measure plant health, maximum height, and density. Photographic comparisons show that the planted beach grass has spread across much of the windward slope of the dune. Grass near sand fences was taller and healthier than grasses in transition areas between bare sand and full vegetation. Areas with steeper slopes had generally taller, healthier plants than areas with gentle slopes. The results suggest that 5-10 years after being planted, A. breviligulata was moderately healthy and offering greater protection to the dune surface. 1 INTRODUCTION Ammophila breviligulata (American beach grass) is a commonly used beachgrass for management and stabilization purposes because of its tolerance for burial (Figure 1).
[Show full text]
VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA a Checklist and Atlas
VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA This page intentionally left blank VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA A Checklist and Atlas Gerald B. Ownbey and Thomas Morley UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS • LONDON The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance provided for the publication of this book by the Margaret W. Harmon Fund Minnesota Department of Transportation Minnesota Landscape Arboretum Minnesota State Horticultural Society Olga Lakela Herbarium Fund—University of Minnesota—Duluth Natural Heritage Program of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Copyright © 1991 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. First paperback printing 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2037 University Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ownbey, Gerald B., 1916- Vascular plants of Minnesota : a checklist and atlas / Gerald B. Ownbey and Thomas Morley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8166-1915-8 1. Botany-Minnesota. 2. Phytogeography—Minnesota— Maps. I. Morley, Thomas. 1917- . II. Title. QK168.096 1991 91-2064 582.09776-dc20 CIP The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. Contents Introduction vii Part I. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Minnesota 1 Pteridophytes 3 Gymnosperms 6 Angiosperms 7 Appendix 1. Excluded names 81 Appendix 2. Tables 82 Part II. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Minnesota 83 Index of Generic and Common Names 295 This page intentionally left blank Introduction The importance of understanding the vegetation of al distributional comments.
[Show full text]
Evaluating the Effects of Mechanical and Manual
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND MANUAL REMOVAL OF Ammophila arenaria WITHIN COASTAL DUNES OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY ____________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biological Sciences ____________ by Ayla Joy Mills Spring 2015 EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND MANUAL REMOVAL OF Ammophila arenaria WITHIN COASTAL DUNES OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY A Thesis by Ayla Joy Mills Spring 2015 APPROVED BY THE DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND VICE PROVOST FOR RESEARCH: _________________________________ Eun K. Park, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: ______________________________ _________________________________ Guy Q. King, Ph.D. Kristina Schierenbeck, Ph.D., Chair Graduate Coordinator _________________________________ Colleen Hatfield, Ph.D. ______________________________ _________________________________ Guy Q. King, Ph.D. Adrienne Edwards, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor and committee chair Kristina Schierenbeck. She has given me great advice and assistance throughout the process. I would also like to thank my knowledgeable committee members Colleen Hatfield and Adrienne Edwards. A special thanks to Amber Transou and California State Park’s North Coast Redwood District for providing me with guidance, funding, equipment, and for making this project possible. I’d like to thank my wonderful husband Jason who helped me set up my plots and collect data, even when it was cold and raining. I couldn’t have done it without you. I would like to thank my Mom who helped me financially and emotionally make it through graduate school. I would also like to thank my best friend Krystal Godfrey for always being there to listen to me vent and also for helping collect data.
[Show full text]
Can the Riparian Invader, Arundo Donax, Benefit
DOI: 10.1111/wre.12036 Can the riparian invader, Arundo donax, benefit from clonal integration? L KUI*†, F LI*, G MOORE* & J WEST* *Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA, and †College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA Received 30 April 2013 Revised version accepted 3 June 2013 Subject Editor: Francesco Tei, Perugia, Italy objective was to determine whether clonal integration Summary enhanced growth and survival of A. donax ramets. We Resource sharing through rhizomes of clonal plants compared growth-related responses in paired 1 m2 supplements locally available nutrients to enhance plots with severed and intact rhizomes. In the first recruitment and growth in resource-limited environ- 19 days, rhizome severing nearly doubled ramet ments. We investigated whether Arundo donax,an density, while by 77 days, the intact rhizomes pro- invasive clonal plant, can benefit from clonal integra- duced 67% taller stems with 49% greater diameter tion. Sharing resources between ramets can facilitate and showed higher survival rate after flooding. This resprouting from mowing, fire and herbicide treat- study provides initial evidence that physiological inte- ments, but it is unknown whether clonal integration gration could be an important mechanism in A. donax, contributes to A. donax invasion success. Our first which can enhance its competitive abilities, accelerate objective was to determine whether A. donax rhizomes rates of encroachment and strengthen its capability to transported water between ramets. Hydrogen isotopic– recolonise disturbed areas. Our results highlight an enriched water was applied on three 1 m diameter important consideration of clonal invasive species in areas, and rhizome and soil samples were collected weed management.
[Show full text]