UNDERSTANDING ATROCITIES: REMEMBERING, REPRESENTING, AND TEACHING GENOCIDE Edited by Scott W. Murray ISBN 978-1-55238-886-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. 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Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org UNDERSTANDING ATROCITIES Remembering, Representing, and Teaching Genocide Edited by SCOTT W. MURRAY UNDERSTANDING ATROCITIES Arts in Action Jeffrey Keshen, Series Editor Co-published with Mount Royal University ISSN 2371-6134 (Print) ISSN 2371-6142 (Online) This series focuses on illuminating, promoting, or demonstrating the fundamental significance of the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences to public well-being and contemporary society – culturally, spiritually, socially, politically, and economically – with the aim of raising awareness of the essential skills, perspectives, and critical understandings of societal issues these disciplines cultivate. Jeffrey Keshen, Dean, Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University No. 1 ∙ Understanding Atrocities: Remembering, Representing, and Teaching Genocide Edited by Scott W. Murray UNDERSTANDING ATROCITIES Remembering, Representing, and Teaching Genocide Edited by SCOTT W. MURRAY Arts in Action Series ISSN 2371-6134 (Print) ISSN 2371-6142 (Online) © 2017 Scott W. Murray University of Calgary Press 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 press.ucalgary.ca This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Understanding atrocities : remembering, representing, and teaching genocide / edited by Scott W. Murray. (Arts in action ; no. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. Co-published by: Mount Royal University. ISBN 978-1-55238-885-3 (softcover).—ISBN 978-1-55238-886-0 (open access PDF).—ISBN 978-1-55238-887-7 (PDF).— ISBN 978-1-55238-888-4 (EPUB).—ISBN 978-1-55238-889-1 (Kindle) 1. Genocide—Study and teaching. 2. Genocide—Case studies. 3. Atrocities—Study and teaching. 4. Atrocities—Case studies. I. Murray, Scott W. (Scott William), 1962-, editor II. Series: Arts in action (Series) ; 1 HV6322.7.U53 2017 304.6’63071 C2017-900116-7 C2017-900117-5 The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. This book has been published with the help of a grant from Mount Royal University Library, through the Mount Royal University Library Open Access Fund. Copyediting by Ryan Perks Cover image Colourbox #14352381 Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano For D. A. v Contents List of Figures ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 Scott W. Murray 1. Atrocity and Proto-Genocide in Sri Lanka 19 Christopher Powell and Amarnath Amarasingam 2. Finding Global Justice Locally at Sites of Atrocity: 49 The Case for the Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial Center and Cemetery Laura Beth Cohen 3. Troubling History, Troubling Law: The Question 83 of Indigenous Genocide in Canada Adam Muller 4. The Benefits and Challenges of Genocide Education: 107 A Case Study of the Armenian Genocide Raffi Sarkissian vii 5. “We Charge Genocide”: A Historical Petition All 125 but Forgotten and Unknown Steven Leonard Jacobs 6. “A Tragedy to be Sure”: Heteropatriarchy, Historical 145 Amnesia, and Housing Crises in Northern Ontario Travis Hay, Kristin Burnett, and Lori Chambers 7. Remembering Them All: Including and Excluding 169 Atrocity Crime Victims Andrew R. Basso 8. Helping Children Understand Atrocities: Developing 199 and Implementing an Undergraduate Course Titled War and Genocide in Children’s Literature Sarah Minslow 9. Thinking About Nazi Atrocities Without Thinking 223 About Nazi Atrocities: Limited Thinking as Legacy in Schlink’s The Reader Lorraine Markotic 10. Atrocity, Banality and Jouissance in Performance 253 Donia Mounsef Contributors 273 Index 275 viii List of Figures 2.1 Plaque inside the cemetery portion of the Srebrenica Memorial, Laura Beth Cohen, July 2012. 2.2 Contemporary Srebrenica, Laura Beth Cohen, July 2011. 2.3 Green temporary grave markers, Srebrenica, Laura Beth Cohen, July 2011. ix Acknowledgements The papers in this volume derive from a conference held at Mount Royal University in Calgary in February 2014. The conference was made possible by funding from the Office of the Provost and Vice President Academic, the Faculty of Arts, and the Department of Humanities at Mount Royal University, as well as the Students’ Association of Mount Royal University, the Calgary Jewish Federation, the History Education Network (THEN/ HiER), and Citizenship and Immigration Canada. I would like to thank my co-convener, Tristan Smyth, for bringing me into this important pro- ject, as well as all of the conference participants, session chairs, conference organizers and volunteers who made “Understanding Atrocities” a success. For their particular contributions to the conference and to this volume, I especially thank Joe Anderson, Jennifer Pettit, Liam Haggarty, Jeff Keshen, Renae Watchman, Sabina Trimble, Glen Ryland, Natalie Meisner, Sharon Smulders, Penny Stratton, and Pat Proudfoot. I am also grateful to the Faculty of Arts at MRU and the University of Calgary Press for initiating the MRU Arts in Action Series, of which this is the first volume. xi Abbreviations AANDC Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada ARBiH Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovina) ATAA Assembly of Turkish American Associations Bošniak Bosnian Muslim CMHC Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation CMHR Canadian Museum for Human Rights CRC Civil Rights Congress (United States) CTC Council of Turkish Canadians DRIP Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous People DutchBat Dutch United Nations Peacekeeping Battalion FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina FTCA Federation of Turkish Canadian Associations IAGS International Association of Genocide Scholars ICEP International Crimes Evidence Project ICJ International Court of Justice ICMP International Commission on Missing Persons ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia INOGS International Network of Genocide Scholars IRS Indian Residential School (Canada) ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria JNA Yugoslav People’s Army LLRC Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam xiii NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People OHR Office of the High Representative in BiH RPF Rwandan Patriotic Front RS Republika