DOCSLIB.ORG

The Inbetweeners: the Korean Animation Industry Negotiates the Global and the National

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Inbetweeners: the Korean Animation Industry Negotiates the Global and the National GOLDSMITHS Research Online Thesis (PhD) Yoon, Ae-Ri The Inbetweeners: The Korean Animation Industry Negotiates the Global and the National You may cite this version as: Yoon, Ae-Ri. 2010. The Inbetweeners: The Korean Animation Industry Negotiates the Global and the National. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London. [Thesis]: Goldsmiths Research Online. Available at: http://eprints.gold.ac.uk/2529/ COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished document and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting this thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright and other relevant Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of the above- described thesis rests with the author and/or other IPR holders and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. ACCESS A non-exclusive, non-transferable licence is hereby granted to those using or reproducing, in whole or in part, the material for valid purposes, providing the copyright owners are acknowledged using the normal conventions. Where specific permission to use material is required, this is identified and such permission must be sought from the copyright holder or agency cited. REPRODUCTION All material supplied via Goldsmiths Library and Goldsmiths Research Online (GRO) is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the Data Collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or for educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. http://eprints-gro.goldsmiths.ac.uk Contact Goldsmiths Research Online at: [email protected] GOLDSMITHS COLLEGE UIVERSITY OF LODO THE IBETWEEERS THE KOREA AIMATIO IDUSTRY EGOTIATES THE GLOBAL AD THE ATIOAL AE-RI YOO A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the department of Media and Communications February 2010 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the (South) Korean animation industry in between the global and the national. Since the 1990s, the Korean animation industry has tried to shift from being a subordinated ‘in-betweener’ (i.e. subcontracting for the USA and Japan) to becoming an autonomous agent (i.e. producing its own animations). What exactly initiated this change? Can it be perhaps understood as the response to the globalisation process? Or, can it be, in fact, Korea’s constantly contested nationalism under the guise of capital force of globalisation? How does this change our understanding of globalisation as process? More importantly, how do animators experience globalisation in their daily lives and work conditions? To answer these questions, the thesis focuses on (1) how the local creative industry recognises and realises the dynamics between the global and national; (2) how the local creative producers experience negotiating local and global values in their daily lives and work. As Korea is a globally challenged nation with constantly contested national identity, the Korean animation industry is a potent site for examining ambivalent identity formation through these ‘in-between’ negotiation processes. People’s everyday experiences and ‘emotional’ struggles in-between the two major forces of nationalism and globalisation have been relatively neglected in research so far. This focus leads me to suggest the idea of ‘in-between’ not just as subcontracting but as a concept. In contrast to celebration of hybridity as ambivalence and/or resistance to both globalisation and nationalism, ‘in-betweeness’ captures the subjective experience generated from hybridity and realised through social and emotional tension in lived experiences and work. Being in-between is understood as a negotiation, transition and dis/juncture of different experiences of globalisation, along which Korean animators experience conflicts, dilemmas and confusion and hesitations about which 2 direction to head in. It results in the creation of an ambivalent and often agonized in- between identity. 3 TABLE OF COTETS TABLEOFCOTETS 4 LISTOFILLUSTRATIOS AD TABLES 8 CHAPTER1 10 CHAPTER2 29 2.1 GIDDES AD SCHOLTE’S VIEWS O GLOBALISATIO 32 2.1.1 GIDDES’ GLOBALISATIO 32 2.1.2 SCHOLTE’S VIEWS O GLOBALISATIO 36 2.2 GLOBALISATIO AD IEQUALITY 41 2.2.1 ITERATIOAL DIVISIO OF LABOUR 42 2.2.2 DIFFERIG SOCIO-HISTORICAL COTEXTS 46 2.3 GLOBALISATIO I THE KOREA COTEXT 54 2.3.1 KOREA’S UIQUE EXPERIECES OF GLOBALISATIO 55 2.3.2 KOREA AIMATORS I THE COTEXT OF GLOBALISATIO 64 2.4 COCLUSIO 70 CHAPTER3 RETHIKIG THECOCEPT OFI-BETWEEBEYOD HYBRIDITY 72 3.1 HYBRIDITY PATTERS 73 3.2 VIEWS O HYBRIDITY 76 3.3 HYBRIDITY AD GLOBALISATIO 79 3.4 THEORISIG THE COCEPT OF I-BETWEE BEYOD HYBRIDITY 84 CHAPTER4 CREATIVITY ADCREATIVEIDUSTRY I THEGLOBAL WORLD 88 4.1 COCEPTS OF CREATIVITY 88 4.2 CREATIVITY AS A ITERACTIVE PROCESS 91 4.2.1 CREATIVITY: EWESS, DIFFERECE, FAMILIARITY 91 4.2.2 CREATIVITY WITHI AD AGAIST COVETIO 93 4.3 CREATIVITY AD MARKET: SHIFTIG VALUES 98 4.3.1 CREATIVELY DRIVE: ARTISTIC ISTICT AD COMMERCE 98 4 4.3.2 CREATIVITY AS ECOOMIC AD CULTURAL SOURCE 103 4.3.3 CREATIVE IDUSTRY I KOREA 109 4.4 COCLUSIO 120 CHAPTER5 WRITIGI-BETWEEERS’EXPERIECESOFGLOBALISATIO 122 5.1 BEIG WITH I-BETWEEERS: ETHOGRAPHY AD EVERYDAY LIFE 122 5.2 BEIG A ACTIVE HUTSMA 125 5.2.1 BEIG WITH AIMATORS: GETTIG THE HAG OF AIMATORS’ LIVES AT AIFACTORY 134 5.2.2 TALKIG WITH AIMATORS: TALK AD ITERACTIO 142 5.3 METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AD LIMITATIOS 143 5.3.1 PERSOAL BACKGROUD 144 5.3.2 MYSELF AS A I-BETWEEER 145 5.3.3 OBSERVERS OBSERVED AD ITERACTIO 147 CHAPTER6 IEVITABLE EGOTIATIO:I-BETWEE THEGLOBAL AD THE ATIOAL 152 6.1 ITRODUCTIO 152 6.2 KOREA AIMATIO OEM IDUSTRY: PAST AD PRESET 153 6.2.1 HOW IT IS OW: THE PRESET: OEM AIMATORS’ DAILY LIVES AD WORK 153 6.2.2 HOW IT ALL STARTED: THE PAST 169 6.3 IVITATIO FROM THE JAUS-FACED GLOBAL OTHERS 183 6.3.1 ATURE OF AIMATIO PRODUCTIO: PULL FACTORS 183 6.3.2 THE LOCAL MEETS THE JAUS-FACED GLOBAL 187 6.4 COCLUSIO 196 CHAPTER7 ECOUTERIG THE ATIOAL:DOUBLECOSCIOUSESS ADEXPECTATIO 197 7.1 ITRODUCTIO 197 7.2 AUDIECE CRITICISM 199 7.2.1 DOMESTIC AUDIECES’ DOUBLE COSCIOUSESS 200 7.2.2 DOUBLE COSCIOUSESS EXPOSED 205 7.3 AUDIECE EXPECTATIOS EXPOSED I AIMATIO 220 7.4 COCLUSIO 226 5 CHAPTER8 LOSTI THEPATHBETWEE DIFFERET VALUES 227 8.1 ITRODUCTIO 227 8.2 STATUS OF ART AD ARTIST I KOREA 230 8.2.1 LITERATI, OBILITY AD ARTS I COFUCIA KOREA 231 8.2.2 EDUCATIO, SOCIAL STATUS AD ARTS I COTEMPORARY KOREA SOCIETY 233 8.3 TODAY’S AIMATIO AD AIMATORS I KOREA 236 8.3.1 SOCIALLY ISOLATED AIMATORS AD THEIR I-BETWEE EXPERIECES 239 8.3.2 AIMATIO AS ECOOMIC POTETIAL 252 8.4 COCLUSIO 266 CHAPTER9 I-BETWEEBEIGLABOURERS ADBEIG ARTISTS 268 9.1 ITRODUCTIO 269 9.2 AIMATIO AS A PROFESSIO: ITOXICATIG 3D WORK 272 9.3 AIMATORS’ POSITIO OF I-BETWEE: EGOTIATIOS 291 9.3.1 FIRST EGOTIATIO: CHOOSIG BETWEE POPULARITY AD CREATIVITY 294 9.3.2 SECOD EGOTIATIO: STRUGGLES I-BETWEE REALITY AD DREAM 300 9.4 COCLUSIO 318 CHAPTER10 I-BETWEE AS ADISJUCTUREBETWEEDIFFERET PLAYERSIGLOBALISATIO 320 10.1 ITRODUCTIO 320 10.2 KOREA’S CULTURAL I-BETWEE POSITIO 321 10.3 PUBLICITY AD MARKETIG 328 10.3.1 APPROACHES AD ATTEMPTS 330 10.3.2 PROBLEMS AD COFLICTS 337 10.4 STRUGGLES TO BE “SESED” 346 10.4.1 WHAT MAKES KOREA AIMATIO DIFFERET? 347 10.4.2 FIDIG CREATIVITY FROM KOREAESS 352 10.5 COCLUSIO 361 CHAPTER11 362 COCLUSIO 362 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 369 WEBDATABASE AD WEB EWS ARTICLES 394 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOS AD TABLES Figure1.1ImportsandexportsofKoreananimation20002004 17 Figure1.2 Profitsfromanimationexports 17 Figure4.1EffectofHallyu TourismMarketing112 Table5.1RatioofMaleandFemale Animators at Anifactory 128 Table5.2Interviewees 131 Table5.3Questionnaire:Respondents –Koreans 133 Table5.4About Anifactory 136 Table5.5Detailsofthe ParticipantObservationResearch 138 Figure6.1 A Portraitof An Animator 153 Figure6.2& Figure6.3Portraitsof Animators157 Figure6.4&Figure6.5Korean AnimationIndustry162 Figure6.6ew Village MovementSong 172 Figure6.71972 ewspaperHeadlines182 Figure6.8In-betweenDrawing 184 Table6.4HourlyDirectPayfor Production WorkersinManufacturing(Unit:U.S $) 185 Table6.5Scaleof AnimationIndustry 186 Figure7.1 ationalConflictsintheCyberspace 206 Figure7.2 MazingaZ (Japan)vs. Robot Taekwon V (Korea) 222 Table8.1PercentageofKorean’sInterestin Animation 237 Figure8.1 Animators’EducationLevel –2004 243 Table8.2Animators’EducationLevel–2005 244 Figure8.2 Animation’sOSMU 255 8 Table8.3Animation’s OSMUCategoriesofProduct 256 Figure9.1 Portraitsofan Animator 268 Figure9.2 Portraitsofan Animator 268 Figure9.3 Animator WHM,twentyyearsold,isworkingat herdesk. 274 Figure9.4 A Devoted Animator’sBodyFigure 278 Figure9.5 A Portraitofan Animator 287 Figure10.1 Korean TraditionalMaskin Wonderful Days 360 9 Chapter1 Introduction This thesis is about people working in South Korea's animation industry (hereafter, Korea), the world's third largest after the USA and Japan. Starting out initially as subcontractors for the likes of Walt Disney Co., the Korean animation industry now produces its own feature-length films, receiving kudos and government support, and winning numerous global awards. However, the majority of animators continue to work as subcontractors, facing wage and time pressures brought about by globalisation rather than the fame and financial rewards that accompany success in reaching out to global audiences. Through a study of the Korean animation industry, this research seeks to address a number of issues concerning the complexity of globalisation, and the tensions between global and local values.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guided Control of Intelligent Virtual Puppets
    Guided Control of Intelligent Virtual Puppets Daniel Alexander Taranovsky A thesis subniitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Graduate Department of Cornputer Science University of Toronto O Copyright by Daniel Alexander Taranovsky 2001 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 141 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your a7 votm nllefeme Our file Noire réMnmce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/film., de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract Guided Control of Intelligent Virtual Puppets Daniel Alexander Taranovsky Master of Science, 200 1 Graduate Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto Controlling the motion of virtual characters with many degrees of freedom can be difficult and time consuming. For some applications, cornplete control over dljoints at every time step is not necessary and actually hinders the creative process, However, endowing the character with autonomous behaviour and decision-making capabilities completely absolves the user of clearly speciQing his intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significance of Anime As a Novel Animation Form, Referencing Selected Works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii
    The significance of anime as a novel animation form, referencing selected works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii Ywain Tomos submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Aberystwyth University Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, September 2013 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 1 This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. 2 Acknowledgements I would to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my supervisors, Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Dr Dafydd Sills-Jones for all their help and support during this research study. Thanks are also due to my colleagues in the Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, Aberystwyth University for their friendship during my time at Aberystwyth. I would also like to thank Prof Josephine Berndt and Dr Sheuo Gan, Kyoto Seiko University, Kyoto for their valuable insights during my visit in 2011. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to the Coleg Cenedlaethol for the scholarship and the opportunity to develop research skills in the Welsh language. Finally I would like to thank my wife Tomoko for her support, patience and tolerance over the last four years – diolch o’r galon Tomoko, ありがとう 智子.
    [Show full text]
  • BBC Trust’S Review of BBC Services for Younger Audiences
    Channel 4 submission to the BBC Trust’s review of BBC services for younger audiences 1. Channel 4 welcomes the opportunity to provide its views to the BBC Trust’s review of BBC services for younger audiences. Channel 4 is a publicly-owned, commercially-funded public service broadcaster. Its core public service channel, Channel 4, is a free-to-air service funded predominantly by advertising. Unlike the other commercially-funded public service broadcasters, Channel 4 is not shareholder owned: commercial revenue is only a means to delivering Channel 4’s public purpose end and any surplus revenues are reinvested in the delivery of its public service remit. 2. In recent years, Channel 4 has broadened its portfolio to offer a range of digital services, including the free-to-air, commercially-funded digital television channels Channel 4+1, E4, E4+1, Film4, More4 and 4Music. Channel 4 also offers a video on demand service, 4oD, and it is expanding its range of services at channel4.com. In addition, Channel 4 offers a range of online education projects for 14 to 19 year olds and has launched an innovation pilot fund, 4iP, which seeks to stimulate whole new digital media services across a range of areas, including video games, the arts, democracy and sport. 3. These innovations have allowed Channel 4 to stay in touch with audiences— especially younger viewers—who are rapidly migrating to digital media. Ever since its launch in 1982, Channel 4’s brand has resonated particularly strongly with teenagers and younger adults, and the organisation speaks with an authenticity of voice which is not easily replicated by other public institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Usage of 12 Animation Principles in the Wayang
    USAGE OF 12 ANIMATION PRINCIPLES IN THE WAYANG KULIT PERFORMANCES Ming-Hsin Tsai #1, Andi Tenri Elle Hapsari *2, # Asia University, Taichung – Taiwan http://www.asia.edu.tw 1 [email protected] * Department of Digital Media Design Faculty of Creative Design 2 [email protected] Abstrak— Wayang kulit merupakan salah satu animasi tertua, animation principles will be used in this paper and further namun hingga kini belum ada penulisan lebih lanjut yang discussed in the following section. membahas tentang hubungan animasi dengan wayang kulit itu Wayang Kulit is the Indonesian shadow puppet theatre, sendiri. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk which already been acknowledge in worldwide organization memperlihatkan hubungan antara animasi yang kita kenal saat about The Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of ini dengan pertunjukan wayang kulit, menggunakan 12 prinsip dasar dari animasi sehingga terlihat persamaan penggunaan Humanity. It was a list maintained by UNESCO with pieces teknik yang ada dalam hubungannya dengan proses yang of intangible culture considered relevant by that organization. lainnya. The goal of this paper is to take a closer look at 12 principle of animation used in wayang kulit performances. The animation principles designed by Disney animators Kata kunci— Teknik animasi, 12 prinsip animasi, wayang kulit themselves, will act as guidelines to test the quality of Abstract— Wayang Kulit has been known as one of the oldest animation used in wayang kulit performances techniques, by animation; however, there is no definitive methodology that analyzing the use of the 12 traditional animation principles in supports the development process of these animation performances it.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing the Fractured Puppet Self
    Performing the Fractured Puppet Self Employing auto-ethnopuppetry to portray and challenge cultural and personal constructions of the disabled body by Emma C. Fisher Supervisor: Doctor Michael Finneran A thesis submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Drama and Theatre Studies Mary Immaculate College (Coláiste Mhuire Gan Smál) University of Limerick Ph.D. ABSTRACT This research project examines personal and cultural constructs of the disabled body, with the creation of the puppet play Pupa as its practical culmination. The testimonials of six participants (including my own), all from artists with a disability or deaf artists, are the inspiration for Pupa. The qualitative research methodology used within this research combines ethnographic methods, auto-ethnography, practice-based research and narrative enquiry. I have adapted auto-ethnography by combining it with puppetry to coin new methodologies; ‘ethnopuppetry’ and ‘auto-ethnopuppetry’. Inspired by fairytales, Pupa creates a fantastical world where the narratives of the participants find expression through a range of puppet characters. These testimonies examine what it is to identify with a disabled identity, and to ‘come out’ as disabled. It looks at how we perceive ourselves as disabled, and how we feel others perceive us. Creating a piece of theatre based around disabled identity led me to investigate the history of disabled performers, and historical depictions of disabled characters within theatre, fairytales and freak-shows, in order to see how they influence societal beliefs around disability today. Within the practice element of this research, I experimented with unconventionally constructed puppets, as well as puppeteering my own disabled limb with an exo-skeleton, in order to question how I view disability in my own body.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers Guide
    Teachers Guide Exhibit partially funded by: and 2006 Cartoon Network. All rights reserved. TEACHERS GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 3 EXHIBIT OVERVIEW 4 CORRELATION TO EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS 9 EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS CHARTS 11 EXHIBIT EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES 13 BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR TEACHERS 15 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 23 CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES • BUILD YOUR OWN ZOETROPE 26 • PLAN OF ACTION 33 • SEEING SPOTS 36 • FOOLING THE BRAIN 43 ACTIVE LEARNING LOG • WITH ANSWERS 51 • WITHOUT ANSWERS 55 GLOSSARY 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 This guide was developed at OMSI in conjunction with Animation, an OMSI exhibit. 2006 Oregon Museum of Science and Industry Animation was developed by the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry in collaboration with Cartoon Network and partially funded by The Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. and 2006 Cartoon Network. All rights reserved. Animation Teachers Guide 2 © OMSI 2006 HOW TO USE THIS TEACHER’S GUIDE The Teacher’s Guide to Animation has been written for teachers bringing students to see the Animation exhibit. These materials have been developed as a resource for the educator to use in the classroom before and after the museum visit, and to enhance the visit itself. There is background information, several classroom activities, and the Active Learning Log – an open-ended worksheet students can fill out while exploring the exhibit. Animation web site: The exhibit website, www.omsi.edu/visit/featured/animationsite/index.cfm, features the Animation Teacher’s Guide, online activities, and additional resources. Animation Teachers Guide 3 © OMSI 2006 EXHIBIT OVERVIEW Animation is a 6,000 square-foot, highly interactive traveling exhibition that brings together art, math, science and technology by exploring the exciting world of animation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download and Upload Speeds for Any Individual Device That Is Connected to the Network
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Acceleration and Information: Managing South Korean Online Gaming Culture Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2204k0wv Author Rea, Stephen Campbell Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Acceleration and Information: Managing South Korean Online Gaming Culture DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Anthropology by Stephen C. Rea Dissertation Committee: Associate Professor Keith M. Murphy, Chair Professor Tom Boellstorff Professor Bill Maurer 2015 © 2015 Stephen C. Rea TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CURRICULUM VITAE v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vi CHAPTER 1: Playing at the Speed of Life: Korean Online Gaming Culture and the 1 Aesthetic Representations of an Advanced Information Society CHAPTER 2: “Slow to Industrialize, but Let’s Lead in Informatization”: The Korea 31 Information Infrastructure, the IMF, and Online Games CHAPTER 3: Situating Korean Online Gaming Culture Offline 71 CHAPTER 4: Managing the Gap: The Temporal, Spatial, and Social Entailments of 112 Playing Online Games CHAPTER 5: Crafting Stars: e-Sports and the Professionalization of Korean Online 144 Gaming Culture CHAPTER 6: “From Heroes to Monsters”: “Addiction” and Managing Online Gaming 184 Culture CONCLUSION 235 BIBLIOGRAPHY 242 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been
    [Show full text]
  • Status of HPV Vaccination Among HPV-Infected Women Aged 20–60 Years with Abnormal Cervical Cytology in South Korea: a Multicenter, Retrospective Study
    J Gynecol Oncol. 2020 Jan;31(1):e4 https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e4 pISSN 2005-0380·eISSN 2005-0399 Original Article Status of HPV vaccination among HPV-infected women aged 20–60 years with abnormal cervical cytology in South Korea: a multicenter, retrospective study Jaehyun Seong ,1 Sangmi Ryou ,1 Myeongsu Yoo ,1 JeongGyu Lee ,1 Kisoon Kim ,1 Youngmee Jee ,2 Chi Heum Cho ,3 Seok Mo Kim ,4 Sung Ran Hong ,5 Dae Hoon Jeong ,6 Won-Chul Lee ,7 Jong Sup Park ,8 Tae Jin Kim ,9 Mee-Kyung Kee 1 1Division of Viral Diseases Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Received: Feb 1, 2019 Health, Cheongju, Korea Revised: Jun 12, 2019 2Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea Accepted: Jun 19, 2019 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea Correspondence to 5Department of Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University Mee-Kyung Kee College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, University College of Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Medicine, Busan, Korea Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 7Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, 8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea Cheongju 28159, Korea. College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 9 E-mail: [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, Seoul, Korea Copyright © 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Smith Alumnae Quarterly
    ALUMNAEALUMNAE Special Issueue QUARTERLYQUARTERLY TriumphantTrT iumphah ntn WomenWomen for the World campaigncac mppaiigngn fortififorortifi eses Smith’sSSmmitith’h s mimmission:sssion: too educateeducac te wwomenommene whowhwho wiwillll cchangehahanngge theththe worldworlrld This issue celebrates a stronstrongerger Smith, where ambitious women like Aubrey MMenarndtenarndt ’’0808 find their pathpathss Primed for Leadership SPRING 2017 VOLUME 103 NUMBER 3 c1_Smith_SP17_r1.indd c1 2/28/17 1:23 PM Women for the WoA New Generationrld of Leaders c2-50_Smith_SP17.indd c2 2/24/17 1:08 PM “WOMEN, WHEN THEY WORK TOGETHER, have incredible power.” Journalist Trudy Rubin ’65 made that statement at the 2012 launch of Smith’s Women for the World campaign. Her words were prophecy. From 2009 through 2016, thousands of Smith women joined hands to raise a stunning $486 million. This issue celebrates their work. Thanks to them, promising women from around the globe will continue to come to Smith to fi nd their voices and their opportunities. They will carry their education out into a world that needs their leadership. SMITH ALUMNAE QUARTERLY Special Issue / Spring 2017 Amber Scott ’07 NICK BURCHELL c2-50_Smith_SP17.indd 1 2/24/17 1:08 PM In This Issue • WOMEN HELPING WOMEN • A STRONGER CAMPUS 4 20 We Set Records, Thanks to You ‘Whole New Areas of Strength’ In President’s Perspective, Smith College President The Museum of Art boasts a new gallery, two new Kathleen McCartney writes that the Women for the curatorships and some transformational acquisitions. World campaign has strengthened Smith’s bottom line: empowering exceptional women. 26 8 Diving Into the Issues How We Did It Smith’s four leadership centers promote student engagement in real-world challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alabama School Girl in Paris 1842-1844
    An Alabama School Girl in Paris 1842-1844 the letters of Mary Fenwick Lewis and her family Nancyt/ M. Rohr_____ _ An Alabama School Girl in Paris, 1842-1844 The Letters of Mary Fenwick Lewis and Her Family Edited by Nancy M. Rohr An Alabama School Girl In Paris N a n c y M. Ro h r Copyright Q 2001 by Nancy M. Rohr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission of the editor. ISPN: 0-9707368-0-0 Silver Threads Publishing 10012 Louis Dr. Huntsville, AL 35803 Second Edition 2006 Printed by Boaz Printing, Boaz, Alabama CONTENTS Preface...................................................................................................................1 EditingTechniques...........................................................................................5 The Families.......................................................................................................7 List of Illustrations........................................................................................10 I The Lewis Family Before the Letters................................................. 11 You Are Related to the Brave and Good II The Calhoun Family Before the Letters......................................... 20 These Sums will Furnish Ample Means Apples O f Gold in Pictures of Silver........................................26 III The Letters - 1842................................................................................. 28 IV The Letters - 1843................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Tribunal International Du Droit De La Mer
    INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA TRIBUNAL INTERNATIONAL DU DROIT DE LA MER MINUTES OF PUBLIC SITTINGS MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC SITTINGS HELD ON 1, 6, 7 AND 18 DECEMBER 2004 The “Juno Trader” Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea-Bissau), Prompt Release PROCES-VERBAL DES AUDIENCES PUBLIQUES PROCÈS-VERBAL DES AUDIENCES PUBLIQUES DES 1ER, 6, 7 ET 18 DECEMBRE 2004 Affaire du « Juno Trader » (Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines c. Guinée-Bissau), prompte mainlevée For ease of use, in addition to the continuous pagination, this volume also contains, between square brackets at the beginning of each statement, a reference to the pagination of the uncorrected verbatim records. ______________ En vue de faciliter l’utilisation de l’ouvrage, le présent volume comporte, outre une pagination continue, l’indication, entre crochets, au début de chaque exposé, de la pagination des procès-verbaux non corrigés. Minutes of the Public Sittings held on 1, 6, 7 and 18 December 2004 Procès-verbal des audiences publiques des 1er, 6, 7 et 18 décembre 2004 OPENING OF THE ORAL PROCEEDINGS – 1 December 2004, p.m. PUBLIC SITTING HELD ON 1 DECEMBER 2004, 4.00 P.M. Tribunal Present: President NELSON; Judges CAMINOS, MAROTTA RANGEL, YANKOV, YAMAMOTO, KOLODKIN, PARK, MENSAH, CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, AKL, ANDERSON, WOLFRUM, TREVES, MARSIT, NDIAYE, JESUS, XU, COT and LUCKY; Registrar GAUTIER. AUDIENCE PUBLIQUE DU 1ER DECEMBRE 2004, 16 H 00 Tribunal Présents : M. NELSON, Président; MM. CAMINOS, MAROTTA RANGEL, YANKOV, YAMAMOTO, KOLODKIN, PARK, MENSAH, CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, AKL, ANDERSON, WOLFRUM, TREVES, MARSIT, NDIAYE, JESUS, XU, COT et LUCKY, juges; M.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for Promoting Affordable Housing in Oslo: a Case of Strong Path Dependence?
    Hildegunn Elstad Christiansen Strategies for promoting affordable housing in Oslo: a case of strong path dependence? A master’s thesis in International Social Welfare and Health Policy Supervisor: Jardar Sørvoll Oslo, November 2020 Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Social Science Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy Summary This paper is an analysis of the new policy paper for the provision of affordable housing in Oslo, ‘Nye veier til egen bolig’ (new paths to a permanent home), launched by the City Government of Oslo in January 2019. The policy paper is examined in the theoretical light provided by Bengtsson and Ruonavaara’s weak (non-deterministic) conception of path dependence. I have identified the main political strategies for the provision of affordable housing in Oslo and mapped out four criteria based on three key moments (critical junctures) of in Norwegian housing history that I have used to discuss and measure the degree of path dependence in the affordable housing strategies: owner-orientation, rental-friendliness, market-orientation and subsidy-friendliness. The Danish housing scheme Almenbolig+ is included as a comparative element in the analysis, as the City Government have suggested to adapt this from Copenhagen. In the discussion I argue that there are varying degrees of path dependence in today’s affordable housing strategies, but the main tendency is that ownership strategies are the most emphasized and that the ambivalence towards rental housing still persists. The research questions of this paper are: 1) What are the main political strategies of the new policy paper (Nye veier til egen bolig) for the provision of affordable housing in Oslo? 2) To what extent do the affordable housing strategies of the City Government and the surrounding political debates reflect a strong path dependency? The purpose of this study is to shed light on the historical preconditions shaping the affordable housing strategies in Oslo.
    [Show full text]