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Surveillance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools a Practical Tool Surveillance of water, sanitation and hygiene in schools A practical tool Abstract Adequate access to water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH) in schools is every child’s right, as recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Protocol on Water and Health and the Ostrava Declaration on Environment and Health. Access to WASH in schools in the pan-European region presents many and diverse challenges. A key step to improve the situation, bringing better educational and health outcomes, is high-quality surveillance to raise awareness and drive progress. This publication provides a practical tool to support countries in strengthening surveillance of WASH in schools. The findings will inform the development of supportive regulations and improvement planning to safeguard children’s health, well-being, dignity and cognitive performance. The tool also enables countries to use the data collected to facilitate policy dialogue and inform international reporting, including on progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets related to WASH in schools. Keywords CHILD HEALTH EUROPE HYGIENE PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SANITATION SCHOOLS WATER SUPPLY ISBN 978 92 890 5439 3 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Surveillance of water, sanitation and hygiene in schools. A practical tool; Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Layout and design: EDB&RDB and Roberto del Balzo. Surveillance of water, sanitation and hygiene in schools A practical tool Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................viii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Purpose of the tool ......................................................................................................... 2 3. Target audience ............................................................................................................... 5 4. Overview of the tool ........................................................................................................ 6 5. How to use the tool ......................................................................................................... 8 6. How to interpret the results .......................................................................................... 11 7. How to use the results .................................................................................................. 14 8. Surveillance instruments ............................................................................................... 18 General information on the school .................................................................................. 19 Questionnaire for school staff ......................................................................................... 25 Checklist for observations .............................................................................................. 51 Questionnaire for pupils .................................................................................................. 69 9. Glossary ........................................................................................................................ 92 References ............................................................................................................................ 97 Annex. Auxiliary tables for the checklist for observations ...................................................... 101 v Foreword Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a human right and a critical precondition for ensuring good health and well-being of schoolchildren. As an integral component of an inclusive and effective learning environment, access to WASH in schools maximizes educational outcomes. Despite the significant progress made in recent years in providing WASH services to all, however, a significant proportion of children in the pan-European region still spend their days in schools that do not provide basic WASH services, compromising their health and dignity. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – in particular, the collective aspirations of Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4 and 6 – highlights the importance of improving safe WASH services for all in all settings, including paying special attention to the needs of girls and those living with a disability. This ambitious Agenda also calls on countries to guarantee safe learning environments for all, which cannot be achieved without ensuring adequate access to WASH in schools. Progress towards universal access to WASH in schools has been a priority for the pan- European region since the adoption of the 2010 Parma Declaration on Environment and Health. Re-emphasizing the need for accelerated action, in the 2017 Ostrava Declaration on Environment and Health Member States committed to ensure “universal, equitable and sustainable access to safe drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene for all and in all settings, while promoting integrated management of water resources and reuse of safely treated wastewater, where appropriate”. The Ostrava Declaration requires countries to develop national portfolios of action on environment and health, for which they may consider undertaking systematic situation assessments, setting targets and developing action plans to improve WASH in schools. This was also identified as a cross-sectoral priority under the Paris Declaration on partnerships for the health and well-being of our young and future generations, in which European countries committed to make every school a health-promoting school that provides adequate WASH services, among others. The Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes is the primary policy instrument for WASH in the pan-European region, aiming to ensure access to drinking-water and sanitation for everyone – including children in schools. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the WHO Regional Office for Europe jointly coordinate its implementation. The Protocol supports countries in translating and implementing global and regional policy aspirations into clear and accountable national or local targets and action plans. As a progressive tool for developing integrated policies on water management, sanitation
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