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Notes

Introduction: ', Alpha'

1. Joyce owned a copy of Culture and Anarchy (London: Thomas Nelson, n.d.), as well as Arnold's Selected Poems, 2 vols (London: Heinemann, 1905) in Trieste, and made several references to Arnold in his 'Pola Notebook'. Joyce studied with Matthew Arnold's brother Thomas, who was Professor of English at University College Dublin from 1882- 1900. On Joyce and the Sinclair twins see Mary and Padraic Colum, Our Friend James Joyce (London: Gollancz, 1959), p. 56. Joyce first met the Sinclairs to discuss financing a daily paper called The Goblin in 1903; Harry Sinclair visited Joyce in Paris in 1926 UJ 579); also see JI, 148-9, 181 and U, 8:522-3. 2. , (1974; New York: New American Library, 1978), p. 337. Before the Kabbalah, the role of the was as a mnemonic for passing on the Oral Law. At 104.2 of the Wake Anna Livia is called 'Bringer of Plurabilities'. 3. Joyce, 'Pola Notebook', The Workshop of Dedalus, ed. Robert Scholes and Richard M. Kain (Evanston, lll.: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1965), p. 91. Mulligan, citing Arnold again, speaks of Hellenising Ireland, using a phrase Arnold coined (1.158). On the usage of 'Greek' and '' as slang terms c. 1900, see G&S 8. 4. Stanislaus Joyce, My Brother's Keeper, ed. Richard Ellmann (London: Faber and Faber, 1958), 120, 53. For references to in Joyce's work see U, 5.201, 12.1736, 15.248-51, 15.262 and FW, passim. On the two modes of thought, Greek and Jewish, see Ellmann, JJ, 395. 5. On the Fremdenpolizei see JJ 736-7; for Joyce visiting , see Mendel Kohansky, 'Not a Friend to Talk About Bloom', Midstream (March 1981), 36-40. Such fabrications have not prevented Israelis from appreciating Joyce; the first of a two-volume Hebrew of Ulysses appeared in 1985 translated by Yael Renan (Tel Aviv: Machbarot Lesifrut Publishers and Sifriat Poalim, 1985). The 435-page volume contains episodes 1-13, from 'Telemachus' to the end of 'Nausicaa' . 6. George Steiner, 'Our Homeland, The Text', Salmagundi, No. 66 (Winter-Spring 1985), 5. A collateral text making the same argument is found in Jacques Derrida, 'Edmond Jabes and the Question of the Book', Writing and Difference, tr. Allan Bass (1967; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 64-7. Heinrich Heine in Encyclopedia Judaica 8: col. 274. Hereafter identified in text as EJ. 7. 'When Meir came to Rabbi Ishmael and gave his profession as a scribe of the , the latter required of him the utmost care, "for if you leave out a single letter or write a single letter too much, you

243 244 Notes

will be found as one who destroys the whole world".' Eruv 13a. 8. On the Torah as a jumble of letters see Gershom Scholem, On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism, tr. Ralph Manheim (New York: Schocken, 1973), p. 74. The Kabbalistic Rabbi Eliyahu Kohen Ittamari in the early eighteenth century argued that 'the Torah ... originally formed a heap of unarranged letters' and that God 'had before Him numerous letters that were not joined into words as is the case today, because the actual arrangement of the words would depend on the way in which this lower world conducted itself', ibid., p. 74. 9. On the textual practice of and the method of inner-exegesis see Jose Faur, Golden Doves with Silver Dots, Semiotics and Textuality in Rabbinic Tradition (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1986) and Fishbane, Text and Texture, Close Readings of Selected Biblical Texts (New York: Schocken, 1979). 10. Susan A. Handelman, The Slayers of , The Emergence of Rabbinic Interpretation in Modern Literary Theory (Albany: State Univ. of New York, 1982), p. 189. 11. Edmond Jabes, 'The Key', tr. Rosmarie Waldrop, and , ed. Geoffrey Hartman and Sanford Budick (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986), p. 352. 12. Edmond Jabes, The Book of Questions, tr. Rosmarie Waldrop (Middle• town, Conn.: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1976), p. 122; Jabes, 'There is such a thing as Jewish writing ...,' tr. Rosmarie Waldrop in The Sin of the Book: Edmond Jabes, ed. Eric Gould (Lincoln, Nebraska: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1985), p. 27. 13. Elie Wiesel, Harry J. Cargas in Conversation with Elie Wiesel (New York: Paulist Press, 1976), p. 9l. 14. Eugene Jolas, The Revolution of Language and James Joyce', Our Exagmination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress (1929; New York: New Directions, 1972), p. 86. 15. Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites, An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice (New York: Norton, 1986), p. 42.

1. The Joycean Exodus

1. On Joyce's departure for Switzerland see JJ 734-9. Joyce curiously anticipated the confusion of Jewish identity when has Stephen suggest in 'Scylla and Charybdis' that Shakespeare might be of partial Jewish ancestry (9.763-91). Joyce was by no means the first well-known Irishman thought to be Jewish, as Arthur Jacobs makes clear in his biography of Arthur Sullivan, Gilbert's partner. See Arthur Jacobs, 'The Supposed Jewish Connection', Arthur Sullivan, A Victorian Musician (New York: OUP, 1984), pp. 434--5. 2. 'Abodah Zaroh, 18a, tr. A. Mishcon, Babylonian 4:7 (London: Soncino Press, 1935), p. 92; Rafael Cansinos-Assens, Bellezas del Talmud (1954) in Jose Faur, Golden Doves with Silver Dots, Semiotics and Textuality in Rabbinic Tradition (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1986), 6. Here• after identified in the text as Faur. Notes 245

For a personal account of Nazi book burning in Germany, initiated by the National Socialists but carried out by German students, see Stefan Zweig, World of Yesterday, An Autobiography (New York: Viking, 1943), pp. 364-6. 3. On censorship and Joyce, especially in Ireland, see Cheryl Herr, Joyce's Anatomy of Culture (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1986), pp. 33--66. Hereafter cited as H!rr in my text. 4. Maurice Blanchot, 'Etre Juif', L'entretien infini (Paris: Gallimard, 1969), p.187. 5. Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference, tr. Alan Bass (1967; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 68-9. 6. On exile and the literary condition see Harry Levin, 'Literature and Exile', Refractions (New York: Oxford, 1966), 62-81; E. M. Cioran, 'Advantages of Exile', tr. Richard Howard, Tri-Quarterly 8 (1967): 271- 3; Edward Said, 'The Mind of Winter: Reflections of a Life in Exile', Harper's September 1984, 49-55; Michael Seidel, Exile and the Narrative Imagination (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986), pp. 1-16. On Exodus see Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1985). Hereafter cited as Walzer in my text. Richard Ellmann points out that it is difficult to pinpoint when Joyce left Ireland or when his supposed 'exile' began. As a boy Joyce travelled to Edinburgh and London, and before his short December 1902, trip to Paris, during which he became homesick and returned after three weeks, he had made two failed attempts to leave Ireland. His second trip to Paris in January 1903, lasted just short of three months. He did not leave Ireland again for a year and a half, returning on three later occasions. None the less, his departures from the country meant an escape from its sexual and religious hypocrisy. Ellmann, 'James Joyce, Irish European', Tri-Quarterly 8 (1967): 202. 7. Richard Wagner, Letters to August Roeckel, tr. Eleanor C. Sellar (Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, [1897]), p. 110. In Wagner's 'A Communication to My Friends', Joyce would have discovered a faScinating paragraph linking the Wandering Jew with Odysseus and the Flying Dutchman. Joyce would have seen the passage in the introduction to his Reclam edition of The Flying Dutchman where it is quoted on pp. 12-13 and in the Works of Richard Wagner, tr. William Ashton Ellis (London: Kegan Paul, etc. 1892) I; pp. 307-8 which he also owned. 8. Thomas Kettle, 'On Saying Goodbye', The Day's Burden and Miscella• neous Essays (Dublin: Maunsel, 1918), p. 101. 9. G. W. F. Hegel, 'The Spirit of Christianity and Its Fate' in Geoffrey H. Hartman, 'On the Jewish Imagination', Prooftexts 5 (1985):204. to. A. B. Yehoshua, 'Exile as Neurotic Condition', Diaspora, Exile and the Jewish Condition, ed. Etan Levine (New York: Jason Aronson, 1983), 19. On the nature of exile see Paul Tabori, The Anatomy of Exile, A Semantic and Historical Study (London: Harrap, 1972) which surveys the condition and history of exile with appropriate references to Ovid, Dante and Rousseau. On exodus see Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1985). 11. For Joyce's listing of months and Hebrew words, see Danis Rose, 246 Notes

James Joyce's The Index Manuscript, Finnegans Wake Holograph Workbook VI.B.46 (Colchester: A Wake Newslitter, 1978), pp. 61-79. Joyce, Scribbledehobble, The Ur-Workbook for Finnegans Wake, ed. Thomas E. Connolly (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1961), 'Nestor', 87. On Hebrew in the Wake see David Goodwin, 'Hebrew in the Wake', A Wake Newslitter, n.s. IX (1972): 68-72. 12. For an account of Joyce in Zurich see Leon Edel, 'City of Exile', The Stuff of Sleep and Dreams (New York: Avon, 1983), pp. 79-87; JJ, 407, 465. 13. Georges Duhamel, 'Le Desert de Bievres' in Charles C. Lehrmann, The Jewish Element in French Literature, tr. George Klin (1961; Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, 1971), 211. 14. For a summary of these laws see Paul J. Kingston, Anti-Semitism in France During the 1930s (Hull: Univ. of Hull Press, 1983), passim. For background see Leon Poliakov, Histoire de /'antisemitisme, L'Europe Suicidaire, 1870-1933 (Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1977). 15. To his patron Can Grande della Scala, Dante writes of the Psalm that 'if we consider the literal sense alone, the thing signified is the going out of the children of from Egypt in the time of Moses; if the allegorical, our redemption through Christ; if the moral, the conversion of the soul from the grief and misery of sin to a state of grace; if the anagogical, the passage of the sanctified soul from the bondage of the corruption of this world to the liberty of everlasting glory.' Cited in G&S, 476. For a discussion of this passage see Mary T. Reynolds, Joyce and Dante (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 124-3l. 16. See Gershom Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941; New York: Schocken, 1969), p. 245. 17. On Judaic and Christian doublings see Beryl Schlossman, Joyce's Catholic Comedy of Language (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1985), pp.106-lO. 18. Isaac Deutscher, 'The Non-Jewish Jew', The Non-Jewish Jew and Other Essays, ed. Tamara Deutscher (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968), pp. 25--4l. 19. On the connection between Bildung and assimilation, see Steven E. Aschheim, Brothers and Strangers, The East European Jew in German and German Jewish Consciousness, 1800-1923 (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1982), 7-12 and George L. Mosse, German Jews Beyond (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1985). Spinoza, 'Treatise on Religion and Politics', ch. 3 in Deutscher, The Non-Jewish Jew, p. 47. 20. Hannah Arendt, '', The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951; Cleveland: World Publishing, 1968), 56; Arendt, 'The Moral of History', (1946), The Jew as Pariah: Jewish Identity and Politics in the Modern Age, ed. Ron H. Feldman (New York: Grove Press, 1978), p. 110. 21. Ismar Schorsch, 'The Emergence of Historical Consciousness in Modern Judaism', Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook XXVIII (1983): 415. 22. On Steinschneider (1816-1907) see Schorsch, ibid., 418, 436-7 and such works as Steinschneider's Die Arabische Literature der Juden (Frankfurt, 1902) and Die Geschichtsliteratur der Juden (Frankfurt, 1905). Notes 247

His survey of written for the Allgemeine Encyklopadie der Wissenchaften und Kunste was translated into English and published in 1857 as Jewish Literature from the Eighth to the Eighteenth Century.

2 Joyce, Jews and History

1. Giordano Bruno, 'On the Infinite Universe and Worlds' (1584) tr. Dorothea Waley Singer in Dorothea Waley Singer, Giordano Bruno, His Life and Thought (New York: Henry Schuman, 1950), p. 369. The idea also appears in Bruno's Cause, Principle and Unity (1584). Joyce read Bruno while at University College and discussed him with his Italian Professor, Father Ghezzi. In 1903 Joyce published a review of J. Lewis McIntyre's Giordano Bruno in the Dublin Daily Express (30 October 1903; see CW 132-4). On the importance of Bruno for Joyce's work see Elliott B. Gose, Jr., The Transformation Process in Ulysses (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1980), pp. 3-38. 2. An example of Steed's anti-Semitism, interestingly associated with the Talmud, is his description of 'liberty' and 'freedom' in Austria. In most cases, he explains, it only meant liberty 'for the clever, quick• witted, indefatigable Jew to prey upon a public and political world totally unfit for defence ... Fresh from Talmud and , and consequently trained to conjure with the law and skilled in intrigue, the invading Semite arrived from Galicia or and carried everything before him . . . he sought only to gratify his insatiable appetite for wealth and power.' Henry Wickham Steed, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 4th edn (1913; London: Constable, 1919), pp. xviii-xxix. 3. See Patricia Hutchins, James Joyce's World (London: Methuen, 1957), p.13. 4. Giambattista Vico, The New Science, 3rd edn, tr. Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1968) 124; cf. ibid., 104. On Joyce and Vico see A. Walton Litz, 'Vico and Joyce', Giambattista Vico, An International Symposium, ed. Giorgio Tagliacozzo (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1969), pp. 250-5. Also helpful is Clive Hart, Structure and Motif in Finnegans Wake (London: Faber, 1962), pp. 47-52. 5. On Joyce's early reading see Bruce Bradley, S. J., James Joyce's Schooldays (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1982), pp. 112, 139, and Kevin Sullivan, Joyce among the Jesuits (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1958), pp. 43- 4,94-5. 6. On this subject see Joyce, Lett. 11:193 n.7, and Sullivan, Joyce Among the Jesuits, pp. 61-4. 7. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, tr. G. E. M. Anscombe, ed. G. H. von Wright and G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1961), p. 82; Joyce, SH 246, 52. 8. Joyce, 'Notes', Exiles (1918; London: Granada, 1979), p. 157; Ellmann on Hume, Ulysses on the Liffey (1972; London: Faber, 1984), pp. 94--6. 9. On these separations of time see Frank Kermode, The Sense of an Ending (New York: Oxford, 1968), pp. 47-9. 10. On Jewish concepts of time see David G. Roskies, Against the Apoca- 248 Notes

lypse, Responses to Catastrophe in Modern (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984), pp. 27,35,41-2,51. The ritualistic nature of time is noted by the 17th of Tammuz as the day of broken tablets and the 9th of Av, the day of eternal exile. In the three weeks between the two dates, the final stages of defeat and destruction of the First and Second Temples are re-enacted in the synagogue. 11. See Vallancey, 'A Vindication of the Ancient History of Ireland', Collectanea de rebus hibernicis (Dublin, 1786-1804), pp. iv, xi-xii, on the collective memory of migratory people: 'when Colonies went abroad and made anywhere a settlement, they ingrafted upon their antecedent history the subsequent events of the place.' This literary and historical 'borrowing' Joyce elaborated. 12. Karl Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 2nd edn (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960), p. 111. 13. On myth, history and Joyce see Michael H. Begnal, 'James Joyce and The Mythologizing of History', Directions in Literary Criticism, ed. Stanley Weintraub and Philip Young (Univ. Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1973), pp. 211-19. 14. George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia (1938; Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962), p. 236. Orwell is a useful adjunct to Joyce for expressing a problematic view of writing history. For example, he wrote 'if one were obliged to write a history of the world, would it be better to record the true facts, so far as one could discover them, or would it be better simply to make the whole thing up? The answer is not so self-evident as it appears . . . A history constructed imaginatively would never be right about any single event, but it might come nearer to essential truth than a mere compilation of names and dates in which no one statement was demonstrably untrue.' Orwell, review of Winwood Reades' The Martyrdom of Man, in Collected Essays of George Orwell, ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1968), IV: 116-17. Compare this statement from 1984: 'all history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as often as was necessary.' Orwell, 1984 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973), p. 35. 15. G. Von Rad, Old Testament Theology, tr. D. M. G. Stalker (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1962), I, p. 109. 16. Yosef Yerushalmi, Zakhor, and Jewish Memory (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982), p. xv. For a summary of Jewish concepts of history see Ideas of Jewish History, ed. Michael A. Meyer (New York: Behrman House, 1974). 17. See Joyce letter to Bleibtreu at Cornell dated 28 November 1918 (Scholes item 429 in The Cornell Joyce: A Catalogue [Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1961]) and Charles Skinner, 'Two Letters Concerning Ulysses and a Reply', JJQ 15:4 (1978), 376-7. 18. Yerushalmi, Zakhor, p. 15. The Jews also more or less stopped writing their history with Josephus Flavius' Jewish Antiquities (CE 93/94) approximately the last work. took over recording not the events of the Jews but analyses of their sacred texts. Only in the fifteenth century did Joseph ben Joshua Ha-Kohen of Aurgnon actually call himself a historian (ibid., p. 16). Notes 249

19. EdmondJabes, 'The Key', tr. Rosmarie Waldrop, Midrash and Literature, ed. Geoffrey Hartman and Sanford Budick (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986), pp. 352,350; Roskies 134. 20. Hugh Kenner in New Boston Review rpt. in JJQ 15:4 (1978), 273. 21. For more on Vallancey see Chapter 4, as well as Joyce, CW, 156; Ellmann, The Consciousness of Joyce (London: Faber, 1977), p. 34; Michael Seidel, Epic Geography, James Joyce's Ulysses (Princeton: Prince• ton UP, 1976), pp. xii, 17 and more recently Joseph Th. Leerssen, 'On the Edge of Europe: Ireland in Search of Oriental Roots, 1650-1850', Comparative Criticism 8 (1986): 99-103. 22. Maurice Fishberg, The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment (London: Walter Scott Publishing Co., 1911), p. v. All further references are to this edition. Surprisingly little has been written about this volume, although Mark Fogel highlights parallels between Fishberg's concepts of the Jews and Bloom in 'James Joyce, the Jews and Ulysses, JJQ 16 (1979): 498-501; Richard Ellmann incorrectly refers to the work in a single sentence of his revised life ofJoyce as 'a little book' aJ 395). 23. Guglielmo Ferrero, L'Europa giovane (Milan: Fratelli Treves, 1897), p. 366. Translation by Robert Scholes. I am indebted to Professor Scholes for allowing me to read his unpublished essay 'xly Joyce and Modernist Ideology'. 24. William Blissett, 'James Joyce in the Smithy of His Soul', James Joyce Today, ed. Thomas F. Staley (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1966), p. 106. This is a comprehensive discussion of Wagner and Joyce; also helpful on the use of Wagner in Joyce's texts is Stoddard Martin, 'Joyce', Wagner to the Wasteland, A Study of The Relationship of Wagner to English Literature (London: Macmillan, 1982), pp. 135-67, and Timothy P. Martin, 'Joyce, Wagner and The Wandering Jew', forthcoming Com• parative Literature. When he thanked Joyce for being included in the celebratory, 27 June 1929 lunch honouring the publication of Ulysses in French, Dujardin compared his reading of the book to that of hearing The Ring for the first time. A photo from the luncheon shows Dujardin seated between Nora Joyce and Paul Valery, with Joyce next to Valery. (Lett.: m:191-2; photo on verso of m:193). 25. Richard Wagner to Franz Liszt, 18 April 1851 in Correspondence of Wagner and Liszt, tr. Francis Hueffer, rev. W. Ashton Ellis (1897; New York: Greenwood Press, 1969), I, p. 145; Wagner, 'Judaism in Music', Stories and Essays, ed. Charles Osborne (New York: Library Press, 1973), p. 38. All further references are to this version of the essay which Osborne translated. 'Das Judentum in der Musik' originally appeared in Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik in 1850. Cf. Marx who asked 'what is the profane basis of Judaism? Practical need and self-interest. What is the wordly cult of the Jew? Huckstering. What is his wordly god? Money: Marx, 'On the Jewish Question', tr. T. B. Bottomore in The Marx Engels Reader, ed. Robert C. Tucker (New York: Norton, 1972), 46. On Wagner's anti-Semitism see Bryan Magee, 'Jews - Not Least in Music', Aspects of Wagner (London: Alan Ross, 1968), pp. 332- 47. 250 Notes

26. Benjamin Disraeli, Lord George Bentinck, A Political Biography (1852; London: Longmans and Green, 1882), p. 324. 27. Lett. n:8~6. In this play by the Dutch dramatist and novelist, the wandering Jew only appears by allusion in the title; Richard Ellmann fancifully suggests that Joyce may have 'found here a hint for Ulysses, where also an analogy is asserted although the title character never appears' (Lett. n:86). See also Ulysses 12.1667. Early in 1903 in Paris Joyce attended a production of Heijermans' La Bonne Esperance. In his 'A Communication to My Friends', Wagner referred to the figure of the Flying Dutchman as his 'Ahasuerus of the seas' (Prose Works I, p.17). 28. Benjamin Disraeli, Tancred, ed. Bernard N. Langdon Davies (London: R. Brimley Johnson, 1904), bk 2, ch. 14, 176. Sidonia later asks 'what is individual character but the personification of race. . . its perfection and choice exemplar?' but explains that 'the decay of a race is an inevitable necessity, unless it lives in deserts and never mixes its blood' (177-8). Tancred held attraction for Joyce since it dealt with the East and Ireland, specifically Sir Robert Peel's 1845 proposal to increase the grant to the Roman Catholic College of Maynooth in Ireland which is referred to four times in Ulysses. 29. Joyce, The First Version of "A Portrait''', The Workshop of Dedalus, ed. Robert Scholes and Richard M. Kain (Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1965), p. 67; Joyce, SH, 188. 30. A. Bein, 'Modern Anti-Semitism and its Effect on the Jewish Question', Yad Washem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, III (1975), 8-9. On the introduction of the word 'semitic' and the phrase 'anti-Semitic' see Christoph Cobet, Der Wortsclzatz des Antisemitismus in der Bismarckzeit (Munich: Fink, 1973) and Jacob Katz, From Prejudice to Destruction, Anti-Semitism, 1700-1933 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1980), pp. 260-2. 31. See A. Bein, 'Modern Anti-Semitism and its Effect on the Jewish Question', Yad Washem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance III (New York: Ktav, 1975), pp. 7-16. The literature on anti• Semitism is vast but the following are cogent summaries: Jacob Katz, From Prejudice to Destruction, Anti-Semitism, 1700-1933, and Vamberto Morais, A Short History of Anti-Semitism (New York: Norton, 1976). I eon Poliakov's four volume The History of Anti-Semitism (New York: Vanguard Press, 196~85) ranges from" Roman times to 1933, while Raul Hilberg in The Destruction of the European Jews, rev. edn, 3 vols (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985) focuses on the more recent efforts to implement the 'final solution'. Martin Gilbert's , The Jewish Tragedy (London: Collins, 1986) traces the outcome of Nazi anti• Semitism. 32. Fishberg, The Jews, p. 6. The Jewish population of Dublin c. 1905 is more reasonably reported to be 2200 by Leon Huhner in 'The Jews of Ireland', Jewish Historical Society of England Transactions 1902-1905 5:239. Huhner also gives 4770 as the 1905 estimate for Jews in Ireland. 33. Dr Hermann Adler quoted from the Jewish Chronicle (London) 9 Notes 251

December 1892 in Louis Hyman, The Jews of Ireland (Shannon: Irish Univ. Press, 1972), p. 196. 34. Arthur Griffith, The United Irishman 11:256 (23 January 1904), 5; United Irishman 11:266 (2 April 1904), 4. For details on the 1904 Limerick attacks see Marvin Magalaner, 'The Anti-Semitic Limerick Incidents and joyce's "Bloomsday"', PMLA lxviii (1953):1219-23; JI 212-17. 35. 'The Jew in Ireland', Lyceum 6:70 Ouly 1893), 215. All further references are to this version of the work. C. P. Curran, James Joyce Remembered (New York: OUP, 1968), p.52. Also helpful is Bonnie Kime Scott, 'Lyceum: An Early Resource for Joyce', JJQ 22 (1984): 77-81. 36. The history of this extraordinary forgery has been well-documented by Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide, The Myth of the Jewish World• conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967). The August 1985 publication of a new edition of The Protocols in French in Beirut attests to its undying racist popularity. See the Globe and Mail (Toronto), 29 August 1985,7. 37. On the Dreyfus affair and the Jews of France, the following are helpful, detailed analyses: Michael R. Marrus, The Politics of Assimilation, A Study of the French Jewish Community at the Time of the Dreyfus Affair (Oxford: OUP, 1971); Paula Hyman, From Dreyfus to Vichy, The Remaking of French Jewry, 1906-1939 (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1979); Jean-Denis Bredin, The Affair, The Case of Alfred Dreyfus, tr. Jeffrey Mehlman (New York: Braziller, 1986) and Norman L. Kleeblatt, ed. The Dreyfus Affair (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1987). For information on the increasing Jewish population of France, see Hyman, From Dreyfus to Vichy, 29-31, where she also documents the xenophobia of the 1930s which emerged in France in response to economic depression and social tension. 38. Zola to Dreyfus, 6 July 1899 in Stephen Wilson, Ideology and Experience, Anti-Semitism in France at the Time of The Dreyfus Affair (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1982), pp. xiii, 4. 39. Halevy, in Wilson, Ideology and Experience, p. 4; Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, tr. C. K. Scott Moncrieff (New York: Random House, 1934), II, p. 67. 40. 'Foreign Notes. Dreyfus Party Plotting the Disarmament of France', United Irishman 2:22 (29 July 1899), 1. Hereafter identified in the text as UI. 41. The idea of Jewish control of the press appears to have been developed by the French Catholic Henri Gougenot des Mousseaux in 1869 in Le Juif, Ie judaisme et la judaisation des peuples chretiens. Exploitation of this idea ranges from the anti-Semitism of Wilhelm Marr, who promotes this idea in The Victory of Jewry over Germanism (1873), largely because he lost a tag">job on a newspaper through so-called 'Jewish influence', to the fanaticism of Hitler and National Socialism with its watchword, Der Jud ist Schuld! ('It's the Jew's fault!'). 42. Michael Marrus, The Politics of Assimilation (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), pp. 163, 196, 203; on the French Revolution as 'The Second Sinai', see p. 92. 43. Jean-Denis Bredin, The Affair, The Case of Alfred Dreyfus, tr. Jeffrey 252 Notes

Mehlman (New York: Braziller, 1986), pp. 86, 493--4. Theodor Herzl, who attended Dreyfus' first trial and his disgrace at the Ecole Militaire, reported that the crowd 'didn't shriek "Down with Dreyfus!" but "Down with the Jews!'" Herzl in Leon Poliakov, The History of Anti• Semitism, tr. George Klim (New York: Vanguard Press, 1985) IV, p. 52. 44. Edouard Dujardin, The Source of the Christian Tradition, A Critical History of Ancient Judaism, rev. and tr. Joseph McCabe (London: Watts & Co., 1911), p. 51. On the Joyce-Dujardin relationship see Thomas F. Staley, 'James Joyce and One of His Ghosts: Edouard Dujardin', Renascence xxxv (1983):85-95. 45. Otto Weininger, Sex and Character, authorised tr. from 6th German edn (London: Heinemann, 1906), 307. All further references are to this edition. On Weininger and Joyce see Marilyn Reizbaum, The Jewish Connection, Cont'd', The Seventh of Joyce, ed. Bernard Benstock (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1982),229-37 and her dissertation, 'Joyce's Judaic 'Other': Texts and Contexts' (Univ. of Wisconsin, 1985), especially ch. 3. Appendix I of her work is a useful list of 'Jewish Related Books in Joyce's Trieste Library'. 46. Cecil Roth, 'James Joyce in Trieste', Times Literary Supplement, no. 2427 (7 August 1948), 443. 47. On Herzl's reading of Diihring see Herzl, The Complete Diaries of Theodor Herzl, ed. Raphael Patai, tr. Harry Zohn (New York: Herzl Press, 1960), I, p. 4. On his early life see Andrew Handler, Dori, The Life and Times of Theodor Herzl in Budapest (1860-1878) (University, Alabama: Univ. of Alabama Press, 1983) and Desmond Stewart, Theodor Herzl (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1974). For an analysis of Herzl's as a form of European liberalism and response to anti-Semitism see Carl E. Schorske, Fin de Siecle Vienna, Politics and Culture (New York: Vintage Books, 1981), 146-80. Hereafter cited in text as Schorske. 48. Theodor Herzl, 'First Congress Address' (1897), The Zionist Idea, ed. Arthur Hertzberg (New York: Meridian Books, 1960), p. 226. Herzl, 'The Jewish State', ibid., p. 204. All further references will be to this edition of Herzl's book. 49. Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973), p. 195; Jacob Katz, 'The Term "": Its Origin and Historical Impact', Studies in 19th Century Jewish Intellectual History, ed. Alexander Altman (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1964), pp.1-25. 50. On Sacher's role see Martin Green, Exile and Return, The Emergence of Jewish Statehood (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1978) 98. 51. Chaim Weizmann, 'Zionism and the Jewish Problem', Zionism and the Jewish Future, ed. H. Sacher (London: J. Murray 1916), p. 9. All further references are to this edition of the book. Pencil mark in Joyce's copy located in the volume from his Trieste Library, Humanities Research Center, Univ. of Texas, Austin, Texas. 52. See Norman Bentwich, 'The Future of Palestine', Zionism and the Jewish Future, ed. Sacher, p. 208. 53. Dominic Manganiello in Joyce's Politics writes that 'nationalism for Notes 253

Joyce exemplified political delusion in the secular sphere' and empha• sised the inherent danger of betrayal for anyone seeking to solve such questions. Joyce's Politics (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980), 16; see also 170. 54. Straumann cited by Marilyn Reizbaum, 'Joyce's Judaic "Other": Texts and Contexts', diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1985, 17. 55. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972), pp. 199,236; Howard M. Sacher, The Course ofModern Jewish History, updated and expanded edn (New York: Dell Publishing, 1977), p. 380. 56. Buber in Sandor L. Gilman, Jewish Self-Hatred (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1986), p. 273.

3 Joyce and Jewish Typology

1. Northrop Frye, The Great Code, The and Literature (Toronto: Academic Press, 1982),80-1. Frye also adds that typology 'is a figure of speech that moves in time: the type exists in the past and the antitype in the present, or the type exists in the present and the antitype in the future' (80). 2. On the speech of Parnell and parallels with Moses and Bloom, see Fritz Senn, 'Bloom among the Orators', Joyce's Dislocutions: Essays on Reading as Translation, ed. John Paul Riquelme (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1984), pp. 144-59. 3. W. E. Gladstone quoted in The Times, 8 October 1881; Healy in Conor Cruise O'Brien, Parnell and His Party (Oxford: OUP, 1957), p. 290; On Joyce's first literary effort see JJ 33-4. Parnell quoted in Freeman's Journal, 2 December 1890. 4. On the possibility of Joyce knowing the pamphlet see CJ 34-6. In the revised life of Joyce (1982), Ellmann gives 1903 as the probable date of publication aJ 91). For a different view of Taylor, 'an obscure great orator', see W. B. Yeats, Autobiography (New York: Collier Books, 1965), pp. 64-6. 5. Taylor in CJ 36. 6. For an important discussion of the Pisgah typology preceding Joyce, see George P. Landow, Victorian Types, Victorian Shadows, Biblical Typology in Victorian Literature, Art, and Thought (Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980), pp.203-31. Ruskin, Tennyson and Swinburne, writers Joyce knew, figure importantly in the use of the Pisgah trope. 7. Eugene O'Curry, On The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, ed. W. K. Sullivan (London: Williams & Norgate, 1873), p. 20. 8. W. B. Yeats, 'The Tables of the Law', Mythologies (London: Macmillan, 1978), pp. 298-301. 9. Freud, 'The Moses of Michelangelo' (1914), tr. Alix Strachey, Art and Literature, The Pelican Freud Library, vol. 14, ed. Albert Dickson (Har• mondsworth: Penguin, 1985), pp. 251-82; Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference, tr. Alan Bass (1967; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 67; Edmond Jabes, 'Book of the Dead: An Interview with Edmond Jabes' by Paul Auster, The Sin of the Book: Edmond Jabes, ed. Eric Gould 254 Notes

(Lincoln: Univ. of .Nebraska Press, 1985), p. 23. In addition, see Maurice Blanchot, 'Etre Juif', L'Entretien infini (Paris: Gallimard, 1969), p. 187; Gershom Scholem, The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays (New York: Schocken, 1971), p. 71; Richard Stamelman, 'Nomadic Writing: The Poetics of Exile', The Sin of the Book, ed. Gould, pp. 92- 114. 10. On joyce's knowing the text see Hugh Kenner, A Colder Eye, The Modern Irish Writers (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984), 186-7 and C. P. Curran, James Joyce Remembered (London: OUP, 1968), pp. 30-1. 11. W. B. Yeats, 'Magic', Essays and Introductions (London: Macmillan, 1961), p. 43. All further references are to this edition. 12. Yeats, 'Sarnhain, 1901', Collected Works, 4 (London: Macmillan, 1908), p.91. 13. Lady Gregory, 'Notes and Music', Collected Plays, III, ed. Anne Saddlemyer (New York: OUP, 1970), p. 303. 14. George Bernard Shaw, 'John Bull's Other Island', John Bull's Other Island, How He Lied to Her Husband, Major Barbara (London: Constable, 1947), 129. Compare an earlier, unflattering reference to Jews in England identified as 'the modem hybreds that now monopolize England' (1:84). 15. Lady Gregory, 'The Deliverer', The Collected Plays, II, ed. AnnSaddlemyer (New York: OUP, 1970) II, p. 275. 16. Lady Gregory, Collected Plays 11:303. For an analysis of her alienation from the Irish populace, see Mary Lou Kohfeldt, LAdy Gregory (New York: Atheneum, 1985), p. 217. 17. Articles that discuss the BloomIMoses connection and the general role of Moses in Ulysses include Robert Davis, 'The Fourfold Moses in Ulysses', JJQ 7:2 (Winter 1970), 120-31; W. Y. Tindall, 'Mosaic Bloom', Mosaic, 6:1 (1972): 3-9; Sidney Feshbach, 'Moses and The ', JJQ 19 (1982): 350. Also see the earlier work by Herbert Howard, The Irish Writers, 1880-1940 (London: Rockcliff, 1958), 24-5 and Irene Orgel Briskin, 'Some New Light on The Parable of the Plums', JJQ 3 (1966):236-51. For additional details on the Parnell-Moses analogy, see F. S. L. Lyons, 'The Parnell Theme in Literature', Place, Personality and the Irish Writer, ed. Andrew Carpenter (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1977), pp. 69-95. Recounting Joyce's prominence in the post-First World War period in his biography, Herbert Gorman refers to the writer as 'the literary Moses who would lead the post-war procession into the Promised Land'. Gorman, James Joyce (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1939), p. 269. Joyce, who read the MS. carefully, apparently did not object to this designation. 18. Joyce, The Workshop of Dedalus, ed. Robert Scholes and Richard M. Kain (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1965), pp. 264-6. 19. Viktor Link, 'Ulysses and the Eighth and Ninth Book of Moses', JJQ 7:3 (1970), 199-203. See also Henri Gamache, Mystery of the Long Lost 8th, 9th and 10th Books of Moses (Highland Falls, New York: Sheldon Publications, 1967). Another source for this episode may be Yeats' Notes 255

The Tablets of the Law' (1897) with its account of the secret book by Joachim of Flora and its inverted Mosaic codes. 20. Joseph Blenkinsopp, A History of in Israel (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1983), p. 63. All further references will be to this edition. 21. See Martin Buber, Moses, The Revelation and The Covenant (1946; New York: Harper & Row, 1958), pp. 162-71; Y. Kaufmann, The Religion of Israel from Its Beginnings to the Babylonian Exile, tr. Moshe Greenberg (New York: , 1972), pp. 227-8. 22. Daniel Jeremy Silver, Images of Moses (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 280. All further references will be to this edition. 23. Joseph Klausner, The Messianic Idea in Israel (New York: Macmillan, 1955), pp. 17-18; see also the Talmudic and Midrashic references listed by Klausner. Raphael Patai, 'Introduction', The Messianic Texts (Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 1979), p. xxxiv. 24. Gershom Scholem, Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea in Judaism', The Messianic Idea in Judaism (New York: Schocken Books, 1971), p. 13. 25. James Atherton, The Books at the Wake (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1974), p. 173. 26. A helpful essay on Shem, this passage, and the rock is Michael Gillespie's, 'An Inquisition of Chapter Seven of Finnegans Wake', Renascence xxxv (1983):138-51. 27. SC, 104. For an additional reading of Moses in the Wake and his relation to Exodus and the Passover experience see Beryl Schlossman, Joyce's Catholic Comedy of Language (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1985), pp. 10&-13. 28. Clive Hart, Structure and Motif in Finnegans Wake (London: Faber & Faber, 1962), p. 116. 29. See Joseph Prescott, 'Notes on Joyce's Ulysses', Modern Language Quarterly, XIII (1952), 150. 30. The pamphlet has never been documented and may simply be a conflation of various studies of the Talmud. Joyce in PAE, 71. 31. Jacob Neusner, Invitation to the Talmud, rev. edn (New York: Harper & Row, 1984), p. 275. 32. Adin Steinsaltz, The Essential Talmud, tr. Chaya Galai (New York: Basic Books, 1976), pp. 14,41. All further references will be to this edition. 33. Goldin in Baruch M. Bokser, The Origins of the Seder (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1984), p. 77. On the Talmud as a 'legal chapbook' see Daniel Jeremy Silver, Images of Moses, pp. 201-2. 34. Silver, Images of Moses, 98, 97. Among studies of the Talmud, the following discussions are most helpful: Robert Goldenberg, 'Talmud', Back to the Sources, Reading the Classic Jewish Texts, ed. Barry W. Holtz (New York: Summit Books, 1984), pp. 129--75; Samuel C. Heilman, The People of the Book, Drama, Fellowship and Religion (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1983), a fascinating analysis of the study of Talmud and hereafter cited as Heilman in my text; Jacob Neusner, Invitation to the Talmud, rev. edn (New York: Harper & Row, 1984) and Neusner, 256 Notes

Torah, from Scroll to Symbol in Formative Judaism (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985). 35. Robert Goldenberg, 'Talmud', Back to the Sources, pp. 142-3. 36. August Suter, 'Some Reminiscences of James Joyce', JJQ, 7:3 (1970), 194. Cf. Budgen in Givens, James Joyce: Two Decades of Criticism (New York: Vanguard, 1948), p. 24 and corrected in A Wake Newslitter 13 (May 1963), 8. 37. Samuel C. Heilman, People of the Book, pp. 125-7. 38. Noel Riley Fitch, Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation (New York: Norton, 1983), pp. 229, 250; Ellmann, JJ, p. 588. For the response of Weaver and Pound, see Ellmann, p. 584. Attending the 12 December 1926 reading were Sylvia Beach, Adrienne Monnier, Elliot Paul, Maria and Eugene Jolas, and Myron and Helen Nutting. 39. William York Tindall, A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake (London: Thames and Hudson, 1969), 24. Hugh Kenner explained that 'the Wake is ideally a book for perhaps twelve people (more get unruly), not people keeping silence either but shouting out the words. It is part of the Irish perception of the unnaturalness of reading, that written stuff trances people into a solitude of sitting very still and keeping very mum, which is no way to be; and it is that ideal reader, remade into a multitude, who is meant, like the old languages of Ireland, to leap up shouting, 'Did ye think I was dead?' Kenner, 'The Jokes at the Wake', Massachusetts Review 22 (1981): 733. 40. Neusner, Invitation to the Talmud, 1; Illustrating the contemporary importance of the Talmud is Israeli state radio which begins each broadcast day not with a reading from Scripture but with a short class in Talmud (Heilman 297 n.l). 41. Jacob Katz, From Prejudice to Destruction, Anti-Semitism, 1770-1933 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1980), pp. 219-20, 228, 256, 267, 285, 305. 42. Howard M. Sachar, The Course of Modern Jewish History, expanded edn (New York: Dell, 1977), p. 9l. 43. Steinsaltz, p. 83. For additional details see Jeremy Cohen, The Friars and the Jews (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1982), pp. 60-76. 44. Guy Davenport, 'Joyce's Forest of Symbols', The Geography of the Imagination (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1981), p. 292; Clive Hart, Structure and Motif in Finnegans Wake (London: Faber, 1962), pp. 186-8; Sheldon Brivic, Joyce the Creator (Madison: Univ. of Wiscon• sin Press, 1985), pp. 103-13 and his earlier essay, 'The Mind Factory: Kabbalah in Finnegans Wake', JJQ XII (1983): 7-30. The Kabbalistic total of ALP, Hart notes, is 111: A = I, L = 30, P = 80 (Structure 187). On 1132 see Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson, A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake (New York: Viking, 1964), pp. 45-6; GL 84; Atherton, The Books at the Wake, p. 176. 45. Susan A. Handelman, The Slayers of Moses, The Emergence of Rabbinic Interpretation in Modern Literary Theory (Albany: State Univ. Press of New York, 1982), pp. 55, 77. Further references to this stimulating book will appear in the text. Also useful for the following discussion Notes 257

is Jose Faur, Golden Doves With Silver Dots, Semiotics and Textuality in Rabbinic Tradition (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1986). Hereafter cited in my text as Faur. For the current debate on the application of Rabbinical hermeneutics to contemporary literary theory see the following: David Stern, 'Moses• cide: Midrash and Contemporary Literary Criticism', Prooftexts 4 (1984): 193-204; Susan Handelman, 'Fragments of the Rock: Contemporary Literary Theory and The Study of Rabbinic Texts', Prooftexts 5 (1985):75- 95; David Stern, 'Literary Criticism or Literary Homilies? Susan Handelman and the Contemporary Study of Midrash', Prooftexts 5 (1985): 96-103. 46. Roland Barthes, S/Z (New York: Farrar Straus, 1974), p. 4. 47. Martin Buber, 'The Spirit of the Orient and Judaism', On Judaism, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer (New York: Schocken, 1967), p. 60. 48. For an analysis of the Rabbinic and Patristic divisions see Susan Handelman, The Slayers of Moses, pp. 83-120; David Stern, 'Moses• cide', Prooftexts 4 (1984): 19~; Faur, xxvi-xxviii. 49. The poem originally appeared in 1918. Stevens, The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens (New York: Knopf, 1965), pp. 17-18. Stevens to Poggioli, 1 July 1953, Stevens collection at the Huntingdon Library, San Mareno, California. SO. Marthe Robert, From Oedipus to Moses, Freud's Jewish Identity, tr. Ralph Manheim (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976), p. 8. 51. Jacques Derrida, 'Edmond Jabes and the Question of the Book', Writing and Difference, tr. Alan Bass (1967; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 64. 52. Kevin Sullivan, Joyce Among the Jesuits (New York: Columbia UP, 1958), pp. 25, 47-8, 73-4. 53. For an important and detailed survey of the Joyce/Renan relationship, including important religious parallels, see Mary T. Reynolds, 'Torn by Conflicting Doubts: Joyce and Renan', Renascence, xxxv (1983):96- 118. 54. Herder, Esprit de la poesie Hebreux in Ernest Renan, De L'Origine du Langage, 3rd edn (Paris: Michel Levy, 1859), p. 125. All further references are to this edition. 55. Ernest Renan, Histoire Generale et SystemeComparedes Langues Semitiques, Oeuvres Completes de Ernest Renan, vol. 8 (Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1958), p. 260. Hereafter cited in text as Renan. 56. Michael A. Meyer, 'The Refugee Scholar Project of Hebrew Union College', A Bicentennial Festschrift for Jacob Rader Marcus, ed. Bertram Wallace Korn (New York: Ktav, 1976), p. 368. Sonne was one of eleven European Jewish scholars brought to HUe's 'Jewish College in Exile' (ibid., p. 369). Elias Canetti titles a section of his autobiographical volume The Play of the Eyes, tr. Ralph Manheim (New York: Farrar Straus, 1986) 'Dr. Sonne'. In it he describes a friendship with a trenchant biblical scholar he met frequently in a Vienna cafe in the 1930s. Sonne, writes Canetti, could quote any passage from the Bible 'verbatim and translate it without hesitation into a supremely beautiful German that struck me as the language of a poet' (140). There is no 258 Notes

confirmation, however, that Canetti's Dr Sonne is Dr Isaiah Sonne. The Encyclopedia Judaica describes Dr Sonne as a 'scholar of penetrating insights, able to exact underlying historical theories from seemingly trivial details' (EJ 15:154). Canetti describes a similar skill. Ellmann mentions Sonne in a footnote (lJ 408). 57. For Jolas on Joyce's study of Hebrew see Jolas, 'My Friend James Joyce', James Joyce, Two Decades of Criticism, ed. Seon Givens (New York: Vanguard, 1963), p. 14; Joyce on Jacob and Rachel, Lett. m:306. 58. Leon Simon, 'The Hebrew Revival', Zionism and the Jewish Future, ed. H. Sacher (London: John Murray, 1916), p. 111. 59. Aaron Bar-Adon, The Rise and Decline of A Dialect, A Study in the Revival ofModern Hebrew (Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 13-14; Eduard Yechezkel Kutscher, A History of the , ed. Raphael Kutscher (: Magnes Press, 1982), pp. 193-5. 60. On details concerning Hebrew see William Chomsky, Hebrew, the Eternal Language (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1957), and Rabbi Michael L. Munk, The Wisdom in the (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1983), pp. 180-3. 61. Joyce, Ulysses, tr. Yael Renan (Tel Aviv: Machbarot Lesifrut Publishers and Sifrait Poalim, 1985), 13. Ironically, Hebrew proved to be a difficult language in which to translate Ulysses. The central problem, as Yael Renan explained, was 'the relative poverty of Hebrew in both vocabulary and stylistic differentiation of "registers": slang is hardly existent (most of it is in Arabic, , etc.), nor is there a colloquial style which does not deviate too much from the "correct" rules of the "Academia of Hebrew Language" (rules which are commonly ignored in conversational style of even educated Israelis). The most insoluble problem, however, is the lack of a continuous history of , a lack that leaves me without equivalents for the historical styles in "Oxen of the Sun".' Yael Renan in letter to author, 6 February 1987. 62. See Joseph Prescott, 'Notes to Ulysses', MLQ 13 (1952), 149-62 and Marilyn Reizbaum, 'The Jewish Connection, Cont'd.' The Seventh of Joyce, ed. Bernard Benstock (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1982), p.230. 63. Among discussions of Hebrew in Ulysses see Joseph Prescott, 'Notes on Joyce's Ulysses', Modern Language Quarterly, 13 (1952): 149-62; Don Gifford and Robert J. Seidman, Notes for Joyce, An Annotation of James Joyce's Ulysses (New York: Dutton, 1974), passim; on Bloom's confusing the holidays, 'the black fast ' (8.35-6), 'Raschaschana' (15.1624), see Daniel Mark Fogel, 'Symbol and Context in Ulysses: Joyce's "Bowl of Bitter Waters" and Passover', ELH 46 (1979): 710-21. 64. Joyce, 'Buffalo Notebook VI.B.46', James Joyce Archive, ed. Michael Groden, et al. (New York: Garland, 1978), 33:138-41. In the 'Buffalo Notebook', the reference is VI.B.46: 33-6. 65. Adaline Glasheen, 'Semper Oxhousehumper', A Wake Newslitter, n.s. 1 (February 1964), 7-11; Fritz Senn, 'Pat as ah be seated', AWN, n.s. 1 (June 1964), 5-7, with especially useful comments on Hillel; David Goodwin, 'Hebrew in the Wake', AWN, n.s. 9 (August 1972):68-72. Notes 259

Also helpful is Philip B. Sullivan's 'Notes', llQ, 2 (1965): 234, on Hebrew months in the Wake, and Klaus Reichert, '''It's as semper as oxhousehumper!": The Structure of Hebrew and the Language of Finnegans Wake', Myriadminded Man, Jottings on Joyce, ed. Rosa Maria BosinelIi et al. (Bologna: Editrice CLEUB, 1986), pp. 235-49. 66. Klaus Reichert, '''It's as semper as Oxhousehumper!": The Structure of Hebrew and the Language of Finnegans Wake', Myriadminded Man, Jottings on Joyce, ed. Bosinelli et aI., p. 236. All further references are to this version of the essay. 67. Fritz Senn imaginatively discovered that the Hebrew letters at 249.16- 18 spell out Heliotrope in English. Senn, 'Pat as ah be seated', AWN, n.s. 1:3, 5-6. 68. Gershom Scholem records the tradition that Aleph was all that was revealed to the Jews, the first letter of the alphabet, and the letter which begins the first of the . The Kabbalists, says Scholem, regarded the Aleph as the source of all articulate sound, the spiritual root of all other letters encompassing the entire alphabet and, consequently, all other forms of discourse. Scholem, On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism, tr. Ralph Manheim (New York: Schocken, 1965), p. 30.

4 Joyce and the Idea of the Jew

1. Peter Gay, Freud, Jews and Other Germans: Masters and Victims in Modernist Culture (New York: OUP, 1978), p. 21. 2. Theodor Herzl in Frederic Morton, A Nervous Splendour, Vienna 1888/89 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), p. 26. Also see Herzl quoted in Carl E. Schorske, Fin de Siecle Vienna, p. 151. 3. Herzl, The Jewish State', The Zionist Idea, ed. Arthur Hertzberg (New York: Meridian Books, 1960), p. 212. All further references are to this edition. 4. Steven E. Aschheim, Brothers and Strangers, The East European Jew in German and German Jewish Consciousness, 1800-1923 (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1982), p. 221. 5. Jacob Wasserman, My Life as German and Jew, tr. S. N. Brainin (New York: Coward-McCann, 1933), p. 196. 6. Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities, tr. Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser (London: Secker and Warburg, 1960), m:209. All further references are to this edition and cited in the text. Musil's dates parallel Joyce's, 1880-1942, and both were exiled in Switzerland, Musil from 1938 to 1942. Both writers also died in Switzerland: Joyce in 1941 in Zurich, Musil in 1942 in Geneva. Musil married a Jewish woman in 1911 who published the last, posthumous sections of The Man Without Qualities. 7. John Henry Raleigh, The Chronicle of Leopold and Molly Bloom (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1977), 16-17. 8. On the shift from Gaelic to Irish names see Edward MacLysaght, Irish Life in the Seventeenth Century, 2nd edn (Cork: Cork Univ. Press, 260 Notes

1950), pp. 118-19. On the Barnacle name, see Eflis Dillon, 'The Innocent Muse: An Interview with Maria Jolas', JJQ 20 (1982): 34-5. On the subject of name changes from Gaelic to English see Brian Friel's 1980 play (London: Faber, 1981). In Prussia in 1812, an edict forced all Jews to take permanent family names because the constant changes of names prevented authorities from keeping proper records. See Gershom Scholem, From Berlin to Jerusalem, tr. Harry Zohn (New York: Schocken, 1980), p. 2. 9. Ellmann, JJ 39; also see Thornton, Allusions in Ulysses, p. 92; Gifford and Seiden, Notes for Joyce, p. 86; Robert M. Adams, Surface and Symbol (New York: Oxford, 1962), p. 105; Father Boyle, 'A Note on Reuben J. Dodd as a "dirty Jew"', JJQ 3:1 (1965), 64-6. 10. On names and naming in Joyce see Shari and Bernard Benstock, 'Introduction: Name, What's in a ... ?', Who's He When He's Home, A James Joyce Directory (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1980). pp. 1- 44; Fritz Senn, Joyce's Dislocutions, ed. John Paul Riquelme (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1984), passim; David See, 'Naming in Pynchon and Joyce', James Joyce, Centennial Symposium, ed. Morris Beja (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1986), pp. 47-9. Elie Wiesel, commenting on Auschwitz, stated that 'the first thing they [the Germans] tried to destroy was the names'. Wiesel in Harry James Cargas, Harry James Cargas in Conversation with Elie Wiesel (New York: Paulist Press, 1976), p. 51. 11. Brandes in Fishberg, The Jews, pp. 467-8. 12. Samuel Roth, Jews Must Live: An Account of the Persecution of the World by Israel on All the Frontiers of Civilization (New York: Golden Hind Press, 1934), pp.91, 55. Roth asserted Joyce's Jewishness in 'Two Worlds Monthly and Beau Make Their Court Debut', Two Worlds Monthly 3 (1927):2. 13. Sandor L. Gilman, Jewish Self-Hatred, Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1986), p. 317. This is a provocative cultural and linguistic analysis of Jewish self-hatred. See especially ch. 5, 'The Science of Race'. Also see Bruno Bettelheim, 'The Dynamism of Anti-Semitism in and Jew', Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 42 (1947): 152-68. 14. Adolph Hitler, Mein Knmpf, tr. Ralph Manheim (Cambridge, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1943), p. 307. 15. Eugene Jolas, 'The Revolution of Language and James Joyce', Our Exagmination, pp. 80-3. 16. Sigmund Freud to Kurt Hiller, 9 February 1936 in Gay, Freud, Jews and Other Germans, p. 195; Isaac Deutscher, 'The Non-Jewish Jew' (1958), The Non-Jewish Jew and Other Essays, ed. Tamara Deutscher (London: OUP, 1968), pp. 25-41. Theodor Lessing, first to document and name selbtshass in his book, was himself a virulent anti-Semite until he, as a Jew, realised he suffered from a peculiar form of self• hatred; Kurt Lewin, 'Self-Hatred Among Jews' (1941), Resolving Social Conflicts (New York: Harper, 1948), p. 186. 17. Lucie Noel, James Joyce and Paul Leon, The Story of A Friendship (New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1950), 55. Stanislaus Joyce, 'Introduction', Notes 261

Italo Svevo, As A Man Grows Older, tr. Beryl de Zoete (London: Putnam, 1932), p. x. 18. Joyce to Arthur Power in Power, Conversations with James Joyce, ed. Clive Hart (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1974), pp. 43, 47. 19. Sandor L. Gilman in his recent study of self-hatred discusses the link between increasing mental illness and the decline in Jewish identity beginning in the nineteenth century. Jewish Self-Hatred, 295- 9. 20. Treitschke in Paul Mendes-Flohr, 'Fin de Siecle Orientalism, the Ostjuden and the Aesthetics of Jewish Self-Affirmation', Studies in Contemporary Judaism I (1984), 100. Further references indicated in the text as Mendes-Flohr. Also see Martin Buber, 'The Spirit of the Orient and Judaism' (1912), On Judaism, ed. Nahum Glatzer (New York: Schocken, 1967), pp. 56-78. Buber argues that the striving for unity distinguished all Jews and all Orientals from Europeans. Hereafter indicated as Buber in the text. On Marr see Mendes-Flohr, 100, and Morais, A Short History of Anti-Semitism, p. 174. 21. Edward Said, Orientalism (New York: Basic Books, 1978), pp. 1-3; Rana Kabbani, Europe's Myths of Orient (London: Macmillan, 1986), pp. 5-6. The racism, sexism and imperialism that emerged in nineteenth-century Oriental travelogues continued earlier miscon• ceptions of the East while introducing new stereotypes argues Kabbani (10). 22. Joseph Th. Leerssen, 'On the Edge of Europe: Ireland in Search of Oriental Roots, 1650-1850', Comparative Criticism, vol. 8, ed. E. S. Shaffer (1986): 108. This useful article will hereafter be cited as Leerssen. 23. Charles Vallancey, 'An Inquiry into the First Inhabitants of Ireland', Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis 2 (1782): 56. 24. Arthur Symons, The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899; New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958) p. 15. 25. Marcel Proust, The Guermantes Way, tr. C. K. Scott Moncrieff (1925; New York: Vintage, 1970), p. 135. 26. Suzette Henke has several comments on this subject in 'James Joyce, East and Middle East: Literary Resonances of Judaism, Egyptology and Indian Myth', Journal of Modern Literature 13 (1986): 307-19. 27. For a critique of Renan's Orientalism, see Edward Said, Orientalism, pp.139-41. 28. George K. Anderson, The Legend of the Wandering Jew (Providence: Brown Univ. Press, 1965), p. 201. This is a comprehensive and essential study of the Wandering Jew in . The theme of the Wandering Jew in Joyce has been noted but not elaborated by several critics. Its application to Bloom is clear as well as to Joyce who encountered the theme in such texts as Herman Hijerman's Ahasverus (1893), a one-act play about a Russian-Jewish son who converts to Christianity and returns to his father's home only to witness the parents' banishment for their orthodox Jewish beliefs while the son becomes their dubious successor. Joyce read the play in Pola in February 1905 (Lett. 11:85). 262 Notes

29. Gustave Flaubert, Bouvard et Pecuchet, tr. A. J. Krailsheimer (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986), p. 286; also see Raymond Schwab, La Renaissance Orientale (Paris: Payot, 1950). 30. An additional source may also be Edouard Dujardin. In La Source du Fleuve Chretien, Dujardin writes'!, evolution du peuple juif doit etre etudiee avec la meme froideur que I'evolution de n'importe quel peuple de l'ancienne Asie' (277). Nerval's Voyage en Orient may also be a source; Symons included a limited discussion of Nerval's text in The Symbolist Movement. 31. Benjamin Disraeli, Lord George Bentinck (London: Colburn & Co., 1852), p. 324. 32. Benjamin Disraeli, Lothair, ed. Vernon Bogdanor (London: OUP, 1975), ch. XXI, p. 119. Cf. the description Scott provides of Rebecca in her 'turban of yellow silk [which] suited well with the darkness of her complexion'. The 'profusion of her sable tresses, which, each arranged in its own little spiral of twisted curls, fell down upon as much of a lovely neck and bosom as a simarre of the richest Persian silk', Sir Walter Scott, Ivanhoe (1819; New York: New American Library, 1962), ch. VII, pp. 93-4. 33. Benjamin Disraeli, Coningsby, ed. Sheila M. Smith (Oxford: OUP, 1982), book IV, ch. 10, pp. 183, 183-7. 34. Frank Budgen, James Joyce and the Making of Ulysses (New York: Smith and Haas, 1934), p. 145. 35. The husband of Amalia Popper, Michele Risolo, told Richard Ellmann that the English lessons must have been from 1907-8 because Amalia Popper left Trieste for Vienna and Florence in 1909, although the events in the poem occur between 1911 and the middle of 1914. However, throughout that period Joyce frequented the Popper home to attend their regular Sunday afternoon musical gatherings where Joyce supposedly entertained by singing arias from Verdi and Puccini, according to Risolo. Ellmann, 'Introduction', Giacomo Joyce (London: Faber & Faber 1983), xii-xv; d. Vicki Mahaffey, 'Giacomo Joyce', A Companion to Joyce Studies, ed. Zack Bowen and James Carens (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984), pp. 387-420. 36. Frank Budgen, 'Joyce and Marthe Fleischmann: A Witness's Recollection', Tri-Quarterly 8 (1967): 189-94; JJ 451. 37. For a reproduction of the portrait see Thomas E. Connolly, 'Home is Where the Art Is: The Joyce Family Gallery', JJQ 20 (1982): 11-32, plate 12 and the cover of the issue. 38. Peggy Guggenheim, Out of This Century, Confessions of an Art Addict (New York: The Dial Press, 1946), pp. 25, 30. 39. Boyle citing Lucia in Deirdre Bair, Beckett (New York: Harcourt, 1978), p. 82. Hereafter cited in text as Bair. Ellis Dillon, 'The Innocent Muse: An Interview with Maria Jolas', JJQ 20 (1982):55. 40. Power in Stan Gebler Davis, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist (1975; London: Granada, 1982), p. 339; Jolas in Ellis Dillon, 'The Innocent Muse: An Interview with Maria Jolas', JJQ 20 (1982):48. 41. Lucia Joyce in David Hayman, 'Shadow of His Mind: The Papers of Lucia Joyce', Joyce at Texas, ed. David Oliphant and Thomas Zigal Notes 263

(Austin: Humanities Research Center, 1983), 76. Hereafter cited as Hayman. In Lucia's dream notebooks there is reference to her attachment to Helen Joyce, Giorgio's 'beautiful jewess'. (ibid., p. 71). 42. The 1961 statement appears in Lucia's 'Autobiography'. See Hayman, 'Shadow of His Mind', 67-8; the 'Real Life of James Joyce' was written in 1958. For details of the Fernandez family and Lucia see David Hayman and Ira B. Nadel, 'Joyce and the Family of Emile and Yva Fernandez: Solving a Minor Mystery', JJQ, 25 (1987):49-57.

5 joyce's Jewish Cities

1. Morais, A Short History of Anti-Semitism, 113; for a brief history of the ghetto see Grayzel, A History of the Jews, 2nd. edn (New York: New American Library, 1968), pp. 412-23. 2. Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S. Zuckerman, The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984), pp. 16, 2, 56. 3. Robert Park, 'Human Migration and The Marginal Man' (1928), Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities, ed. Richard Sennett (New York: Meredith, 1969), p. 141. 4. A fascinating study could be made of Joyce and hotel life, and he, of course, had his favourites; in Dublin, undoubtedly Finn's where Nora worked; in London, the Euston Railway Hotel where the of rooms, 732, equalled the number of pages of the first edition of Ulysses, and which was known as the 'Gateway to Ireland' because those planning to take the boat train to Holyhead left from Euston. The names of hotels where the Joyces stayed are also suggestive: the Lord Warden in Dover from which Lucia managed to escape (despite its name) in August 1931 and return alone to Paris; the Hotel Powers in Paris where the Joyces stayed just before their return to England to be married; the Hotel de l'Elysee in Paris where T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis greeted the impoverished novelist with a secondhand suit sent by Pound; the Gasthaus Hoffnung in Zurich, where in 1904, Joyce and Nora spent their first night in Switzerland and consummated their love. The name means hope (JJ 184). 5. 'Demography', Encyclopedia Judaica Gerusalem: Macmillan, 1972) 5, p. 1512. 6. Hugo Bettauer, The City Without Jews, A Novel of Our Time, tr. Salomea Neumark Brainen (New York: Bloch Publishing, 1926), 11- 12, 58. Published in German in 1922, the novel was in its 11th edition. Cf. Bloom's explanation to Stephen on the positive role of Jews in history (16.1119-25). The name of the traditional Jewish district in Vienna was Leopoldstadt. 7. Malcolm Bradbury, 'The Cities of Modernism', Modernism, 1890- 1930, ed. Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976), p. 97. 8. Lionel Trilling, 'On the Teaching of Modem Literature', Beyond Culture (New York: Viking, 1965), 19. See also Peter Gay, Freud, Jews and Other Germans, pp. 19-28. 264 Notes

9. On Joyce in the country see Louis Gillet, 'Farewell to Joyce', PAE, 166. 10. On Joyce's use of cities see Louis O. Mink, A Finnegans Wake Gazetteer (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1978) passim and 515, as well as Jackson 1. Cope, Joyce's Cities (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1981). 11. Bruce Bidwell and Linda Heffer, The Joycean Way (Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1981), pp. 26, 46. 12. These included 'M. Shulomowitz, Joseph Goldwater, Moses Herzog, Harris Rosenberg, M. Moisel, J. Citron, Minnie Watchman, P. Mastiansky, [and] the reverend Leopold Abramovitz, chazen' (15. 3221-4). The euphonic names suggest an unabashed Jewish identity for Bloom who was ironically by then baptised as a Protestant (in 1866) and a Catholic (in October 1888) to marry Molly. See John Henry Raleigh, The Chronicle of Leopold and Molly Bloom, Ulysses as Narrative (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1977). 13. 'The Jew in Ireland', Lyceum, vI:70 Guly 1893), 215. All further references to this version. See also Bonnie Kime Scott, 'Lyceum: An Early Resource for Joyce', JJQ 22:1 (1984), 77-81. 14. JI 217; Marvin Magalaner, 'The Anti-Semitic Limerick Incidents and joyce's "Bloomsday''', PMLA, LXVlll (1953), 1219-23. 15. Einstein in Howard M. Sachar, The Course of Modern Jewish History, 405. One also recalls a similar tone in Freud's addendum to the Nazi statement he had to sign in order to leave Vienna in 1938. It read 'I can heartily recommend the Gestapo to anyone'. Freud in Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, ed. Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), p. 642. 16. For an account of the censorship and examples of expurgated passages, see 'The Emergency', Irish Times Supplement, 8 May 1985, 4,11. 17. A. J. Leventhal, 'What It Means to be A Jew', The Bell, x:3 (1945), 209. All further references to this version. 18. Pegeen says 'and myself, a girl, was tempted often to go sailing the seas till I'd marry a Jew-man, 'with ten kegs of gold', Synge, 'Playboy of the Western World', The Complete Plays of John M. Synge (New York: Vintage, 1960), 66. Joyce adopts the slang term for Ulysses using it three times, most interestingly by the Bawd in 'Circe' when she addresses Bloom and Mrs Breen (15.534). Earlier, Ben Dollard has used the epithet to refer to the tailor who made his new clothes but who has yet to be paid (10.916). The Citizen also angrily uses the term near the end of 'Cyclops' (12.1811). 19. Leventhal, 'What It Means to Be a Jew, What the Censor did in 1944', The Emergency', Irish Times Supplement, 8 May 1985, 11. 20. Leventhal, 'The Drama of the Diaspora', Dublin Magazine xVll:3 (1942), 42. 21. Lawrence K. Emery [A. J. Leventhal], The Ulysses of Mr James Joyce', The Klaxon (1923-4), 15. 22. A. J. Leventhal, 'The Jew Errant', Dublin Magazine, 2:1 (1963), 21. Unfortunately, Leventhal does not identify his teacher. Notes 265

23. A small but useful detail is Leventhal's remark that joyce's mispelling of Oanbrassil Street, the heart of the Dublin Jewish Quarter - it appears as 'Clambrassil Street' in the 1%1 Random House edition (413 RH), although the Gabler edition corrects it - is to provide the authentic Dublin pronounciation which stressed the 'm' sound. The Gabler emendation may actually be incorrect since it distorts the oral dimension of the novel (d. 14.1047). Leventhal, 'The Jew Errant', Dublin Magazine 2:1 (1963):16. 24. Halitvack [E. R. Lipsett], 'Jews in Ireland', Jewish Chronicle, 21 December 1906, 29. All further references are to this form of the essay. 25. Bernard Shillman, 'Dublin Board Shechita', Irish.Jewish Yearbook 14 (1964-5), 18. 26. Muriel McCarthy, All Graduates and Gentlemen, Marsh's Library (Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1980), pp. 81, 166. 27. Arthur Griffith, The United Irishman, 23 January 1904, 5. 28. For a copy of joyce's 'A Portrait of the Artist' essay see The Workshop of Dedalus, ed. Robert Scholes and Richard M. Kain (Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1965), 5fr68. Mary T. Reynolds summarised Joyce's triple rejection at the Milwaukee Joyce Conference in June 1987. 29. On the Jewish population of Ireland c. 1904 see Leon Huhner, The Jews of Ireland: A Historical Sketch', Jewish Historical Society of England Transactions 1902-05, 5: 226-42. Current (1987) figures indicate a decline in the Irish Jewish population from a post-war peak of 5000 to 2000. (Reuters wire story datelined Dublin, 'Irish Jews condemn attempt to stage Perdition in Dublin', Vancouver Sun 5 February 1987, Sect. C, 8.) The figure for Trieste's Jews derives from three sources: Charles C. Russell in !talo Svevo, The Writer from Trieste (Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1978), 19, states that at the beginning of the twentieth century the population of Trieste was 220000. H. Stuart Hughes in Prisoners of Hope, The Silver Age of the , 1924-1974 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1983), 32, declares that the Jewish population at this period was approximately 4 per cent of the total; simple calculation would put the figure at 8800 Jews. Cecil Roth in The History of the Jews of Italy (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1946), 488, however, gives a figure of 6000. Allowing for inflation on the part of Russell, flexibility on the part of Hughes, and adjustment of the bald statement by Roth, 6500 Jews seems a reasonable number. Finally, it should also be noted that there were sizeable Greek as well as German communities in Trieste; the official state language, however, was Italian. 30. Carroll L. V. Meeks, Italian Architecture, 1750-1914 (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1966), 268. For further details on the Trieste synagogue and Je~sh community see Carol Herselle Krinsky, of Europe, Architecture, History, Meaning (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985), pp. 91, 369-73. For a theoretical account of synagogues as sacred places see Harold W. Turner, From Temple to Meeting 266 Notes

House, The Phenomenology and Theology of Places of Worship (The Hague: Mouton, 1979), chs 4--6, 14. 31. Cecil Roth, The History of the Jews of Italy, 488. Hereafter cited in the text as Roth. 32. Arnaldo Momigliano, 'The Jews of Italy', New York Review of Books (24 October 1985), 25. 33. George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ed. Barbara Hardy (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967), pp. 600, 789; Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, ed. Thomas Moser (New York: Norton, 1968), p.124. Robert Byron, Road to Oxiana (1937; London: Picador, 1981), p. 22. 34. Arthur Ruppin, The Jews in the Modern World (London: Macmillan, 1934), pp. 31B.19. 35. Italo Svevo in Thomas F. Staley, 'Composition of Place', Modern British Literature, 5 (1980):4. On Trieste in general see Silvio Benco, Trieste (1910); Nicholas Powell, Travellers to Trieste (London: Faber, 1977); 'Les Mysteres de Trieste', Critique, XXXXIX (1983), special issue; Jan Morris, 'What's Become of Waring, Trieste, 1979', Destinations (New York: Oxford, 1980), pp. 201-16 which states that only 800 Jews remain of the 6000 who resided there before the Second World War (209); Bogdan C. Novak, Trieste 1941-1954, The Ethnic, Political and Ideological Struggle (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1970). 36. Italo Svevo, James Joyce, tr. Stanislaus Joyce (1950; San Francisco: Oty Lights Books, 1969), pp. 60-1. 37. Information on Edoardo Weiss in Jacques Nobecourt, 'La Transmis• sion de La Psychoanalyse Freudienne en Italie via Trieste', La Critu,ue XXXIX (1983): 623-7. Ellmann notes this development in CJ 54 and JJ 340n. However, his choice of 1910 for the introduction of psychoanalysis to Italy appears arbitrary (lJ 340n). 38. On Freud's visits to Trieste see Jacques Nobecourt, 'Freud et Ie "Triskeles'", Critique XXXIX (1983): 435-6, 599-622. 39. P. N. Furbank, Italo Svevo, The Man and The Writer (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1966), p. 9. 40. Svevo in Naomi Lebowitz, Italo Svevo (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1978), 30. Hereafter identified in the text as Lebowitz. On Freud and Svevo see Carlo Fonda, Svevo e Freud, Proposta di interpretazione della Coscienza di Zeno (Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1978). 41. For an elaboration of this situation see Michael David, La psicanalisi nella cultura italiana (Turin, 1966). 42. Robert Musil, Man Without Qualities, tr. Eithne Wilkins and Ernest Kaiser (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1960), 3, p. 211. 43. Freud, 'Address to the Society of B'nai B'rith', Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, tr. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1959), xx, p. 274; Freud, 'The Resistances to Psycho-Analysis', Collected Papers, tr. Joan Riviere (London: Hogarth Press, 1952), v, p.174. 44. Freud to Abraham in A Psycho-Analytic Dialogue: the Letters of Sigmund Freud and Knrl Abraham, 1907-26, ed. Hilda C. Abraham and Ernst L. Freud, tr. Bernard Marsh and Hilda C. Abraham (New York: Basic Notes 267

Books, 1965), p. 34. On Freud attributing psychoanalysis to Jews see the FreudiPfister letters published as Psychoanalysis and Faith, tr. Eric Mosbacher (New York: Basic Books, 1963), p. 63; Marthe Robert, From Oedipus to Moses, Freud's Jewish Identity, tr. Ralph Manheim (1974; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976); Mortimer Ostow, ed., Judaism and Psychoanalysis (New York: Ktav Publishing, 1982); Dennis Klein, The Jewish Origins of the Psychoanalytical Movement (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1985). Freud's circle by 1919 consisted largely of Jews and included Sandor Ferenczi, Karl Abraham, Max Eitingon, Otto Rank, Hans Sach, and Ernest Jones, the only non-Jew. Later Jewish associates of Freud were Helen Deutsch, Theodor Reik, Melanie Klein, and his daughter, Anna. Freud's identity as a Jew became more intense in the 1930s. In May 1933 his works were burned by the Nazis in Berlin, an act Freud summarised in this manner: 'What progress we are making. In the Middle Ages they would have burnt me, nowadays they are content with burning my books.' Freud in Ernest Jones, The Life of Sigmund Freud, ed. Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964), p. 618. In 1934 psychoanalysis was 'liquidated' by the Nazis in Germany. Freud's sister was to die in Treblinka. 45. Freud, Letters, ed. Ernst L. Freud, tr. T. & J. Stern (New York: Basic Books, 1960), p. 421. 46. For information on Nathan see Carla de Petris, 'Exiles or Emigrants', Joyce in Rome, ed. Giorgio Melchiori (Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1984), p.74. 47. The Times of London, 27 November 1907, p. 7, col. 3. 48. Quoted in 'Rome's New Mayor Stirs Vatican Press', New York Times, 15 December 1907, pt 3, 3:7. 49. On Freemasonry see William Korey, 'The Freemason-Zionist Plot', Midstream XXXII (1986): 15-16 and Jacob Katz, Jews and Freemasons in Europe 1723-1939, tr. Leonard Oschry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1970) for a full account. Also see Leonard Albert, 'Ulysses, Cannibals and Freemasons', A.D. II (1951):264-83. 50. On the Ghetto of Rome see Henry K. Geller and Ard Geller, Jewish Rome, tr. Desmond O'Grady (Rome: Art International, 1970), a pictorial record, and Ferdinand Gregoronius, The Ghetto and The Jews of Rome, tr. Moses Hades (1853; NY: Schocken Books, 1948). The traumatising experience of the ghetto, little written about, is summarised by Hitler's 1939 comment: 'Out with them from all the professions and into the ghetto with them; fence them in somewhere where they can perish as they deserve.' 'Ghetto', Encyclopedia Judaica 7:545. On the Tempio Israelitico in Rome see Meeks, Italian Architecture, p. 272, and Krinsky, Synagogues of Europe, pp. 364-9. 51. See Carlo Bigazzi, 'Joyce and the Italian Press', Joyce in Rome, p. 59. 52. Stanislaus Joyce in lJ, 265. 53. Juden in Zurich (Zurich: Israelitesche Cultusgemeinde, 1981), 22; Aaron Kamis, Antisemitismus in der Deutschen Schweiz 1918-1930 268 Notes

(thesis, Univ. of Zurich, 1980), p. 29. Kamis gives 21000 as the approximate number of Jews in Switzerland in 1920 (28). For background on the political equality of Jews in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Switzerland, see J. R. de Salis, 'The Emancipation of Swiss Jewry', Switzerland and Europe, tr. A & E. Henderson, ed. C. Hughes (London: Oswald Wolff, 1971), 108-14. 54. For a full account of these actions see Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide, The Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967), pp. 220-31. 55. Rothmund in Michael R. Marrus, The Unwanted, European Refugees in the Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford UP, 1985), 257. Also see Joseph Tenebaum, 'The Crucial Year 1938', Yad Washem Studies II (1958): 52-6. 56. Alfred A. Hasler, The Lifeboat is Full, Switzerland and the Refugees, 1933-45, tr. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1969), pp. 51-2. 57. Tom Stoppard, Travesties (New York: Grove Press, 1975), p. 26. 58. Elias Canetti, The Tongue Set Free, Remembrance of a European Childhood, tr. Joachim Neugroschel (New York: Seabury Press, 1979), pp. 137, 140-3. 59. Herbert Gorman, James Joyce (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1939), p.240. 60. Alfred Erich Senn, The Russian Revolution in Switzerland, 1914-17 (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1971), pp. xiii-xvi. 61. Brenda Maddox in her recent biography of Nora Joyce makes this claim based on letters from Sykes, whose wife was Nora's best friend, to Herbert Gorman when Gorman was writing his biography of Joyce. Lucia Joyce also sensed an attachment between Weiss and Nora. Brenda Maddox, Nora (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1988). 62. Joyce to Budgen in Frank Budgen, James Joyce and The Making of Ulysses (New York: Smith & Haas, 1934), p. 225. 63. Malcolm Cowley, Exile's Return (1934; New York: Viking, 1964), p.135. 64. Power, Conversation with James Joyce, ed. Clive Hart (1974; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1982), pp. 38-9. Also see Robert McAlmon and Kay Boyle, Being Geniuses Together, 1920-1930, rev. edn (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984) passim as well as Patricia Hutchins, James Joyce's World (London: Methuen, 1957), pp. 122-93 and James Atherton, 'The Paris Background of Finnegans Wake', Joyce and Paris, ed. J. Aubert and M. Jolas (Paris: Editions du C.N.R.S., 1979), pp. 27-30. 65. For these and other details see Noel Riley Fitch, Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation (New York: Norton, 1983), pp. 61-2. 66. Monnier in Gisele Freund, James Joyce in Paris: His Final Years (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1965), p. 63. 67. Maria Jolas, "'I Write" said Joyce', Joyce and Paris, 1902 ... 1920-40 ... 1975, ed. J. Aubert and M. Jolas (Paris: Editions du C.N.R.S., 1979) 7. Also see 'James Joyce a la Coupole', Nouvelles Litteraires (3 March 1934:6). Notes 269

68. Maria Jolas, 'The Little Known Paul Leon', A James Joyce Miscellany, 2nd series, ed. Marvin Magalaner (Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois Univ., 1959), pp. 225--33. Jolas writes that Leon was Joyce's alter ego (226). Also see Noel, n. 69. 69. Lucie Noel, James Joyce and Paul Leon, The Story of a Friendship (New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1950), p. 7. Hereafter identified as Noel in text. 70. Gisele Freund and V. B. Carleton, James Joyce in Paris: His Final Years (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1965), p. 102. 71. Most of this material is now in the Paul and Lucie Leon!James Joyce Collection at the McFarlin Library, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma. See their published catalogue entitled The Paul and Lucie Leon/James Joyce Collection (Tulsa: McFarlin Library, 1985). 72. Bernard Benstock, ['Introduction'] The Paul and Lucie Leon/James Joyce Collection (Tulsa: McFarlin Library, 1985), 8. 73. See II 734 and Erik Stocker, 'The Cover', The Journal of Library History 20 (1985): 88. The article focuses on Joyce's bookplate and library but contains other useful bibliographic information. 74. Paul Leon, 'In Memory of James Joyce', A James Joyce Yearbook, ed. Maria Jolas, pp. 116, 119, 120; Maria Jolas, 'Notes', A James Joyce Yearbook, p. 192. 75. Lucie Noel, 33; Maria Jolas, 'James Joyce en 1939-40', Mercure de France CCCIX (1950): 54. The entire article is a useful description of Joyce's last days in Paris, his stay in Saint Gerand and his escape to Switzerland. 76. Jolas, 'Political Perspectives on Joyce's Work', Joyce and Paris, ed. J. Aubert and M. Jolas (Paris: Editions du CNRS, 1979), 115. See also Jolas, 'Joyce en 1939-40', Mercure de France CCCIX (1950): 57. 77. Patricia Hutchins, James loyce's World (London: Methuen, 1957), pp. 197-9, 179. 78. For details see Michael R. Marrus and Robert o. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews (New York: Basic Books, 1981). 79. Adrienne Monnier, 'On Anti-Semitism', The Very Rich Hours of Adrienne Monnier, tr. Richard McDougall (London: Millington Bks., 1976), p. 375. 80. Frank Budgen, 'James Joyce', Horizon (February 1941), rpt. in James Joyce: Two Decades of Criticism, 2nd edn, ed. Seon Givens (New York: Vanguard, 1963), 23; d. ll709. 81. On Broch's possible 1930 essay for the proposed edition of Joyce see Paul Michael Liitzeler, Hermann Brach, Eine Biographie (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1985), p. 137; on Broch preparing a movie treatment of Ulysses, see Ernestine Schlant, Hermann Brach (1978; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1986), p. 72. 82. Broch in Breon Mitchell, James Joyce and the German Novel, 1922-1933 (Athens, Ohio: Ohio Univ. Press, 1976), p. 154. 83. Anna Herzog writing in 1971 quoted in Liitzeler, Hermann Brach, 228. Additional details about Broch's escape are taken from Liitzeler's account, pp. 228-32. 84. Heinrich Straumann, 'Last Meeting with Joyce', A James Joyce 270 Notes

Yearbook, ed. Maria Jolas (Paris: Transition Press, 1949), p. 109, 112, 114; d. Breon Mitchell, 'Swobbing Broguen ... ,' AWN V, n.s. (1968):70. Dablin appears in the Wake at 490.17. 85. Arthur Power, Conversation with James Joyce, ed. Clive Hart (1974; Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1982), p. 43. 86. An ironic footnote on Joyce's refugee status was that the designer of his 'post mortem' bookplate, placed in the books he left in Paris which Leon secured, was also a refugee. Created in 1949 for the famous October-November exhibition and sale at the Librarie• Galeries La Hune in Paris, and largely bought by the State Univ. of New York at Buffalo in 1950, the bookplate showed the Joyce coat of arms, described in Ulysses as 'an eagle gules volant in a field argent displayed' (15.3948-9) with the motto mors aut honorabilis vita (death or life with honour). The artist was Johnny Friedlaender, a Jewish refugee printmaker and book illustrator born in Silesia. In 1945 he settled in Paris. See Erik Stocker, 'The Cover', Journal of Library History 20 (1985): 87.

Conclusion: 'The Greatest Jew of All'

1. On the night world of the Wake see John Bishop's illuminating Joyce's Book of the Dark, Finnegans Wake (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1986). Bishop also provides a reasoned analysis of Freud's Interpretation of Dreams and the Wake. Hannah Arendt discusses the question of darkness and Jewish history in Men in Dark Times (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1968), especially the 'Preface', pp. vii-x, and 'On Humanity in Dark Times: Thoughts about Lessing', pp. 3-31. For a personal account of the impact of the 'darkness' of National Socialism and Hitler on a Jewish intellectual see Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday, An Autobiography (New York: Viking, 1943), chs 14-16. Frank O'Connor, A Short History of Irish Literature (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1967), p. 198. 2. Robert Alter, 'Jewish Dreams and Nightmares', After the Tradition, Essays on Modern Jewish Writing (1969; New York: E. P. Dutton, 1971), p. 19. 3. Myrna Solotorevsky, 'The Model of Midrash and Borges's Interpreta• tive Tales and Essays', Midrash and Literature, ed. Geoffrey Hartman and Sanford Budick (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986), p. 259. 4. See Jean-Francois Lyotard, 'Jewish Oedipus', Genre 10 (1977): 401-3. Index

A. E. (George Russell) 197, 198 Anti-Semites 109, 150-4, 154-5 Aaron 93,97 Anti-Semitic 36, 197 Abbey Theatre 91, 196 Anti-Semitism 10, 28, 32, 33, 48, 49, Abodah Zarah 15 56, 57-9, 73, 74, 76, 95, 116, 118, Abraham 3, 4, 23, 243 n.4 141-4, 148, 149, 155, 182-4, 190, Abraham, Karl 207, 266 n.44 207,216,210-12,214,216,230,231, Abulafia, Samuel 100 239,246 n.14, 247 n.2, 249 n.25, 250 Academy of the Hebrew Language 131 n.3O, n.31, 251 n.38, n.41, 252 n.47, Achtes und neuntes 94 260 n.13, n.16, 269 n.79 Action Fran9lise 63,67 anti-Semitism, Swiss 217-18 Adam 106 Arabic 111, 127, 131, 133, 156, 258 n.61 Adelaide Road Synagogue 59, 186-7, Arabs 155, 168 189 Aragon, Louis 225 Adler, Dr Hermann 186, 250 n.33 33, 79, 109, 111, 116, 131, 132, Africa 186 133 aggadah 111 Aran Islands 199 Aggadah 98 Arendt, Hannah 32, 33, 184, 246 n.20, ,Agudath Netaim' 100 270 n.1 Ahasuerus 54, 55, 250 n.27 'Antisemitism' 246 n.20 Aherne, Owen 89 Argentina 75 ,Ainsoph' 136 Aristotle 40, 241 Akiba 120 Arnold, Matthew 2,81,243 n.1, n.3 Al tikrei 122 Culture and Anarchy 243 n.1 Alberti, Conrad 144 Selected Poems 243 n.1 Aleph 2 Arnold, Thomas 243 n.1 Alexander II, Czar of Russia 35 Aryan 58, 69, 154, 184 Alexander III, Czar of Russia 35 Ashkenan 51, 136, 142, 194, 199 Alexander the Great 1, 38, 81 Asia 32, 48, SO, 75; 81, 143, 161, 163, Algeria 63,68 168, 181, 186 Algiers 51 Asia Minor 71 :':~._;':.)n 54, 74, 83, 84, 92, 213, 223, Asiatic 123, 155 241 Asino, L' 208, 214 Alpha 2 Assumption of Moses 94, 99 Alphabet 105, 259 n.68 Assyrian 212 alphabet, Hebrew 121, 132-{i; Astronomy 97 'Daleth' 113; 'Gimmel' 113; Atherton, James 101, 255 n.25, 256 'Ke'ev' 114; 'Kuf' 113; 'Peh' n.44, 268 n.64 133,134 Auschwitz 239,26On.10 alphabet, Irish 121 Austria 26, 27, 35, 74, 118, 140, 182, Alter, Robert 241, 270 n.2 199,200,204,217,220,232,239, America 104, 129, 147, 160, 173, 174, 247n.2 176,177,200,215,220,230,232, Vienna 16, 25, 31, 73, 119, 181- 233,234,235 3,184,203,205,206-7,212,233, 'Amis de 1914, Les' 225-{j 234, 235, 252 n.47, 257 n.56, 259 144 n.2, 262 n.35 Anima 2 Austro-Hungary 1, 22, 31, 36, 144, Anschluss 67, 232 193, 206, 215 Antheil, George 226 Avanti! 208, 212, 214

271 272 Index

Averroes 238,241 Berkeley, George 40 'Avot' 110 Berlam, Arduino 199 Berlam, Ruggiero 198-9 B'nai B'rith 206 Berlin 31, 181-3, 196, 205 Babel 6 Berlitz School 203 Babylonia 100, 119, 120, 132, 212 Berne 216, 218 Bach, Johann Sebastian 222 Bernouard, Franc;ois 225 Bacon, Sir Francis 40 Bettauer, Hugo 183, 184, 263 n.6 Baden 216 City Without Jews 183-4, 263 n.6 Bakunin, Mikhail 218 Die Stadt ohne Juden 183 Balfour, Lord David 40 Bible 5, 8, 34, 79, 81, 101, 112, 127, Balfour Declaration 70, 76, 83 194, 257 n.56 Ballybough Jewish Cemetery 188 Acts6&793 Banissonic, Ferrucio 203 Amos 96,127 Banister, Joseph 66 Deuteronomy 23, 45, 96, 101, 105, England Under the Jews 66 106, 134, 136, 166 Our Judaeo-Irish Labour Party 66 Ecclesiastes 127 Bank of Ireland 187, 189, 191 Exodus 19,20,21,29,30,31,32,88, Bar Cochba 196 95,97,98,102,103,105,107,245 Barnes, Djuna 225,226 n.6, 255 n.27 Barney, Natalie 226 Genesis 101 Barruel, Abbe 210 Isaiah 96, 100, 212 Barzilai, Salvatore 200,201 Job 104 Basel 68, 74, 76, 170, 216, 233 John 125, 166 Battle of Clontaf 188 Judges 98 Baudouin, Manuel Achille 68 Matthew 102 Bayreuth 55 Micah 96,98 Beach, Sylvia 6, 115, 226, 231, 232, 256 23,97,105 n.38, 268 n.65 'Song of Songs' 134, 135, 194 Beckett, Samuel 177-8, 226, 241 Bickart, Rogert 178 Bedford Row 93 Biely, Andrey 184 Beethoven, Ludwig von 154 St. Petersburg 184 100 Bi/dung 32,246 n.19 Bell 192 Black and Tan 44 Belloc, Hillaire 193 Blake, William 40, 199 Jews, The 193 Blanchot, Maurice 17,245 n.4, 253 n.9 Belvedere College 37, 38, 127, 188 'Etre Jui£' 253 n.9 Belvedere House 39 Bleibtreu, Carl 45, 248 n.17 Ben Yehuda, Eliezer 131, 132, 134 Bliznakoff, Olga 220 Ben Edar 112 Bliznakoff, Vela 220 Ben-Zakki, Rabbi 24 Bloom, Joseph 146 Benas, Bertram B. 78 Bloom, Pesach 146 'Meaning of a Hebrew University' Bloom, Samuel 146 78 Bloomsday 234 Benco, Silvio 203 Blum, Leon 150 'James Joyce in Trieste' 203 Bochard, Samuel 156 Benjamin, Walter 218, 231 Boehm, Adolf 76 Bennett, A. Percy 219,220 Bollettiere, Rosa Marie Bosinelli 205, Benstock,Bernard ix, 228, 241, 260 206 n.10, 269 n.72 Bolshevik Revolution 83, 227 Beran, Felix 139,220,221 Bomberg, Daniel 110 Berard, Victor 16, 27, 36, 37, 42 Book of 55 Les Pheniciens et L'Odyssee 16, 27, 37 Book of Invasions 156 Berendt, Rachel 226 Books 16 Bergson, Henri 40, 184 books, burning 14-15, 244 n.2 Index 273

Borach, Georges 83,108,119,132,139, Carlsbad 71 221 Carr, Harry 219,220 Bordeaux 63 Catastrophe 41, 46, 47 Bordereau 67 Catholicism 13, 42, 56, 60, 72, 78, 97, Borne, Ludwig 54 102, 123, 141, 146, 148, 180, 187, Bosnia 119 190, 195, 198, 205, 208, 210, 212, Boyle, Kay 173, 225, 268 n.64 213,214,233,241,264 n.12 Bradlaw, Robert 186 Catilina 104 Brahm, Otto 143 Celine 28, 239 Brandes, Georg 147,260 n.11 Ba~atelles pour un Massacre 28 Brauchbar, Edmund 1, 14, 35, 83, 140, L'Ecole des cadavres 28,239 148,177,221,232,240 Cellini, Benvenuto 89 Brazil 143 Celts 42,48 Breton, Andre 225 Censorship 245 n.3 Britain 87, 215, 220, 232 Central Europe 199,202 Brivic, Sheldon 121 Cerl, Bennet 174 Broch, Hermann 184, 232-5, 240, 269 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 58 n.81, n.82 Fundamentals of the Nineteenth 'Joyce and the Present' 233 Century 58 Death of Virgil 233 Charles I 24 Schlafwandler, Die 233 Chateau La Chapelle 230 Br6dy, Daniel 220,232,233-4 Chateaubriand 156 Bruni, FrancUri 203 China 44,51,161 Ricordi personali 203 Chinese 64, 157, 162 Bruno, Giordano 2, 35, 145, 214, 241, 'Chovevei Zion' 69,70 247 n.1 Christ 30, 55, 93, %, 100, 102, 119, Buber, Martin 83, 97, 123, 143, 157, 128, 246 n.15 158, 239, 253 n.56, 255 n.21, 257 Christianity 54, 95, 162, 164, 165, 241, n.47, 261 n.20 261 n.28 'Spirit of the Orient' 157, 257 n.47, Christians SO, 51, 74, 78, 161, 164, 165, 261 n.20 166, 182, 192, 195, 207, 211 Budapest 16, 73, 205, 233 Cincinnati 130 Buddhism 168 Circumcision 101 Budgen, Frank, 11, 167, 171-2, 220, Cities 11, 181-237, 241, 264 n.10 221, 223, 224, 232, 256 n.36, 262 Citrons 108, 167 n.34, n.36, 268 n.62, 269 n.80 Cixous, Helen 18 James Joyce and Making of Ulysses 167 Exile of James Joyce 18 Bulgaria 220, 231 Clanbrassial Street 188, 189, 265 n.23 Busche, Seymour 94, 95, 128 Oaudel, Paul 225 Busoni, Ferrucio 222 Clemenceau, Georges 62 Byrne, J. F. 191 Clongo~es Wood 20,37,127 Byron, George Gordon, Lord 160 Club d'Etrangers 220 DonJuan 160 Collins, Wilkie 189 Giaour, The 160 Woman in White 189 Hebrew Melodies 160 Cologne 182 Byron, Robert 201, 266 n.33 Colum, Mary 243 n.1 Road to Oxiana 201, 266 n.33 Colum, Padraic 178,243 n.1 Compiegne 229 Calder, Alexander 177 Confucius 157 Calvary 54, 165 Conrad, Joseph 266 n.33 Canaan 20,23,88,93,133 Lord Jim 201, 266 n.33 Canada 146 Consciousness, stream of 129, 137, Canetti, Elias 218, 257 n.56, 268 n.58 138,158 Play of the Eyes 257 n.56 Consonants 132 Tongue Set Free 268 n.58 Constant, Benjamin 227 274 Index

Cork Examiner 59 Draney 140,229 Corneille, Pierre 226 Dreams 239,240 Creagh, Father 60, 190, 196 Dresden 35 Cremieux, Benjamin 234 Dreyfus Affair 62-8, 73, 77, 193, 251 Crucifixion 212 n.37, n.4O Culdees 125 Dreyfus, Captn. Alfred 25, 28, 62-8, Curran, C. P. 17,18,60,177,251 n.35, 73, 141, 231, 251 n.37, n.38, n.44 254 n.lO Dreyfus, Pierre 193 James Jcryce Remembered 17 Drumont, Edouard 28, 58, 62, 63, 73, Cuzzi, Paolo 206 118 Czechoslovakia 232 La France Juive 28, 58 Czernovic 220 Du Gard, Roger Martin 63 Jean Barois 63 Dublin Herald 65 Dadists 194,222 Dudley, Lady 92 Daily Express 83 Duhamel, Georges 28,246 n.13 Daily Mail 65 Le Desert Bievres 28, 246 n.13 Daily Missal 93 Diihring, Eugen 58,73,252 n.47 Daily Telegraph 150 Jewish Question 58 Dalton, Jack 134 Judenfrage, Die 73 Dana 57,197 Dujardin, Edouard 11, 52, 69, 80-2, Danes 188 141, 226, 249 n.24, 252 n.44, 262 Dano-Norwegian 128 n.30 Dante 30,101,245 n.10, 246 n.15 Lauriers sont coupes, Les 52 Darwin, Charles 164 Revue Wagnerienne, La 52 Davenport, Guy 121, 256 n.44 Source du Fleuve Chretien, La 69, 73, Davitt, Michael 60, 61, 192 141, 262 n.3O De Gobineau, Comte 58 Source of the Christian Tradition Essai sur l'inegalite 58 SO, 252 n.44 De Gourmont, Remy 226 Dutch 148, 151 De Vries, Juda 144 Defoe, Daniel 199 'Dejeuner Ulysse' 173,176 East 48, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 189 Delphi 105 Eastern Europe 35, 63, 79, 131, 142, Derrida, Jacques 17, 89, 121, 243 n.6, 143, 155, 158, 167, 185, 188, 202, 245 n.5, 253 n.9, 257 n.5 213 Desert 16, 23, 26, 141 Eccles Street 71,72, 160 Deutscher, Isaac 32, 152, 246 n.18, Ecole Militaire 62, 252 n.43 n.19, 260 n.16 Edinburgh 245 n.6 'Non-Jewish Jew' 246 n.18, 260 n.16 Egoist 225 Deutschtum 142, 143 Egypt 3, 19, 20, 23, 29, 45, 81, 87, 88, Devil's Island 62 91, 95, 96, 98, 117, 120, 156, 186, Disraeli, Benjamin 11, 54, 55, 156, 164- 246 n.15 5, 250 n.26, n.28, 262 n.31, n.32, Eichhorn, J. G. 58 n.33 Eidgenossen 216 Coningsby 164, 165, 262 n.33 Eidgennossiche Fremdenpolizei 4, 13, Lothair 164-5, 262 n.32 218-19, 235, 243 n.5 Tancred 156, 164, 250 n.28 Eiffel Tower 175, 178 Dlugacz, Moses 70-2, SO, 82-3, 96, Einheit 158 108, 119, 126, 130, 132, 140, 148, Einstein, Albert 190,232,235,264 n.15 203 'Eire' 113 Doblin, Alfred 184, 225, 233, 236, 270 Elijah 3 n.84 Eliot, George 201,266 n.33 Berlin Alexanderp/atz 184 Daniel Deronda 56, 168, 201, 266 n.33 Dorset Street 71 Eliot, T. S. 263 n.4 Index 275

Ellis, Havelock 49 Expressionists 222 Ellmann, Richard ix, xi, xii, 26, 28, 40, the Scribe 109 87,146,169,193,203,206,218,222, 226, 228, 241, 243 n.4, 245 n.6, 247 n.8, 249 n.21, n.22, 250 n.27, 253 n.4, 256 n.38, 257 n.56, 260 n.9, Falkiner, Sir Frederick 59, 190 262 n.35, 266 n.37 family 4, 16, 140, 141 Emancipation 18, 74, 141, 183, 202, Fargue, Leon-Paul 225, 226 211, 252 n.49 Fascism 44 Emanuelle, Vittorio 200 Fascists 52, 202, 203, 223 Emigrants 78 Faur, Jose 16, 125,244 n.2, n.9 Emigration 84 Feilbogen, Sigmund 140, 219, 220 Emmanuel 100 Fenollosa, Ernest 157 Encyclopedia ludDica 243 n.6, 257 n.56, 'Chinese Written Character' 157 263 n.5, 267 n.50 Fernandez,Emile 13,131,176-7,178- Engel, Eduard 149 9,263 n.42 Speak German 149 Fernandez, Pauline 13, 179 England 3, 24, 37, 38, 51, 65, 66, 74, Fernandez, Yva 178, 263 n.42 78, 90, 115, 141, 150, 164, 175, 181, Ferrero, Guglielmo 11, 51, 52, 67, 140, 187,197,200,209,220,225,234, 208, 249 n.23 236,254 n.14, 263 n.4 'Anti-Semitism' 51 London 69,78,165,181,183,209, L'Eurupa giovane 51, 141, 208, 249 213, 227, 235, 245 n.6, 263 n.4 n.23; 'Ethical Spirit of the Jew' English 113, 130, 132, 145, 148, 151-2, 208-9 204, 213, 225 Finnegan 101 grammar 124-5, 130, 137-8 Finzi, Aurelio 204 English Players 219-20 First Temple 120 Enlightenment 32, 239 First World War 1, 22, 27, 70, 72, 83, Ennis 169 120, 201, 210, 217, 223 Eretz Yisrael 23 Fishbane, Michael 244 n.19 Esterhazy, Major Marie 62 Fishberg, Maurice 11, 36, 49-51, 54, Ethics 238 56, 59, 141, 154, 162, 167, 181, 249 ethics,Je~h 117,120,121,141 n.22, 250 n.32 'Ethics of the Fathers' 110 I~, The 36,49-51,59,141,154,162, Ethiopia 44 181, 249 n.22, 250 n.32 Etz Haiyim 2 FIaubert, Gustave 156, 262 n.29 Europe 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, Bouvard et Pecuchet 163, 262 n.29 27,28,31,32,50,55,56,58,59,60, Fleischman, David 172, 173 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 73, 75, 76, 113, Fleischman, Helen !

France - continued Galilee, Sea of 71 Paris ix, 1, 5, 14, 17, 18, 21, 25, 63, Galut 23 67, 71, 73, 108, 115, 119, 131, 134, Galway 18 140, 153, 172, 174-6, 181-2, 184, II 120 185, 192, 197, 200, 215, 220, 223- 'Gammel' 113 30, 232, 234-6, 238, 239, 241, 243 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 200 n.1, n.2, 245 n.6, 250 n.27, 263 Gaster, M. 76, 78 n.4, 268 n.64, n.66, n.67, 269 'Judaism - A National Religion' 78 n.75, n.76, 270 n.86 Gay, Peter 147,259 n.1 Vichy 6, 14, 185, 215, 229, 230-1, Gazette des Amis, La 231 235, 251 n.37, 269 n.78; 'Statut 8, 109-11 des Juifs' 231 Gematria 2, 121, 243 n.2 France, Anatole 62 'Genizah' 116 Frankfurt 143, 181-2 Genoa 176 Frankfurter Zeitung 147, ISO Gens de Dublin 178 Frederick the Great 182 2-3 Freedom 20, 30, 7~5, 224, 237, 239, Gentili, Scuola 198 242 Georgia 104 Freeman's Journal 87, 88, 93, 191, 192 German 26, 104, 111, 120, 127, 128, Freemasonry 210-12, 214, 267 n.49 130, 132, 134, 137, 148, 149, 151, Freemasonry, Jewish Sect 211 171, 183, 194, 196, 201, 202, 204, French Masonry 211 206, 220, 257 n.56 Freemasons 211-12 Germania 61 French 22, 127, 132, 137, 148, 149, 151, Germans 65, 215, 228, 230-1 171, 194, 223, 225, 230, 234, 251 Germany 24, 31, 35, 51, 58, 74, 118, n.36 140, 142, 147, 182, 190, 199, 200, French Guiana 62, 67 202, 216, 217, 218, 230, 232, 239 French Revolution 68 Geisha, The 166 Freud, Sigmund 89,152,184,203-7, Gestapo 44, 229 239,253 n.9, 259 n.1, 260 n.16, 264 Ghetto 32, 33, SO, 61, 73-5, 141, 143, n.15, 266 n.38, n.4O, n.43, n.44; 267 181, 190, 192, 198, 200, 212-13, 237, n.45, 270 n.1 263 n.1, 267 n.SO 'Moses of Michelangelo' 89 Gibraltar 71, 161, 167-9 Autobiographical Study 206 Gide, Andre 225, 226 Childhood Memory of Leonardo 205 Giedion, Siegfried 14 Interpretation of Dreams 204, 270 n.1 Giedion-Welcker, Carola 14 Introduction to Psychoanalysis 203 Gilbert, Moune 175 Psychopathology of Everyday Life 205 Gilbert, Stuart 173, 175,226 Freund, Dr Gisele ix, 227, 268 n.66, Gillespie, Michael P. ix, 255 n.26 269 n.70 Gillet, Louis 226,230-1,263 n.9 Freytag, Gustav 150 Gilman, Sander L. 148, 253 n.56, 260 Journalists, The 150 n.13, 261 n.19 Fritsch, Theodore 118, 216 Gissing, George 208 Friuli 200 Demos 208 Funk, Salomon 108,119,120 G/'anni della psicanalisi 205 Entstehung des 108, 119 Gladstone, William Ewart 86, 253 n.3 Monumenta Judaica 119 Glasheen, Adaline 115, 136, 258 n.65 Third Census of FW 115 Glass, Ciro 70, 148 God 5, 6, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 41, 45, 47, Gabler, Hans Walter 194 82, 86, 89, 92, 93, 97, 100, 101-3, Gaelic 24, 48, 49, 50, 78, 87, 95, 112, 105, 106, 116, 118, 121, 124, 127, 131, 134, 135, 137, 145, 148, 151, 137, 138, 189,240,244 n.8 156, 157, 161, 188, 196, 259 n.8 Gog 98,99 Index 277

Gogarty, Oliver St. John 1, 66, 197, Hasidism 239 198 Haskala 32 'Ugly England' 66 'Hatikvah' 71, 192, 194 I Follow St. Patrick 197 Hauptmann, Karl 107 Goldschmidt, Rudolph 83, 171, 220, Hauser, Otto 149 221 Hayman, David ix, 178 Goll, Ivan 140, 220, 226, 233 Healy, Timothy 37, 86, 253 n.3 Gomer 156 Hebrew ix, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 22, Goodwin, David 136 24, 25, 27, 29, 34, 36, 42, 48, 49, 54, Gorman, Herbert 177, 218, 220, 229, 70, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 87, 95, 254 n.17, 268 n.59, n.61 109, 111, 112-14, 116, 125, 127-38, James Joyce 268 n.59 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 169, 188, Gose, Elliot B. Jr. ix, 247 n.1 189, 193, 194, 196, 200, 201, 230, GottheiI, R. 76 238,240,243 n.5, 245 n.11, 258 n.57, Gougenot, Henri 251 n.41 n.58, n.59, n.60, n.61, n.63, 259 Goyert, Georg 233 n.66 Graetz, Heinrich 206 Hebrew, Biblical 132 Grantham Street 188 Hebrew, Modem 131,132 Greece 105, 164 Hebrew Revival 131 Greek 2, 3, 6, 22, 25, 27, 28, 33, 34, Hebrew Language Committee 131 48, 50, 55, 79, 111, 115, 123, 130, Hebrew Literature 81 132, 133-4, 151, 157, 158, 161, 163, Hebrew Union College 130, 257 n.56 164, 197, 227, 243 n.3, n.4, 265 n.29 Hebrew University for Jerusalem 76 Greeks 9, 48, 49, 81, 168 Hegel, G. W. F. 23,40,245 n.9 Greenberg, Leopold 70 Heijermans, Hermann 26, 54, 250 Griffith, Arthur 60,64-6, 100, 129, 191, n.27, 261 n.28 196, 197, 251 n.34, 265 n.27 Ahasuerus 26 Resurrection of Hungary 64, 191 Heine, Heinrich 5, 31, 152, 192, 243 Guggenheim, Kurt 222 n.6 Alles in allem 222 Hellenism 1-2, 3, 16, 41, 42, 81, 82, Guggenheim, Peggy, 172, 262 n.38 123 Gurvitch, George 227 Hemingway, Ernest 225 Henry Lt Col. Hubert 62 Ha Kohen, Joseph 46 Herder, Johann Gottfried von 129,257 Vale of Tears 46 n.54 Ha-Levi, Judah 201 Hermann, Georg 143 'Ha Tikvah' 135 Hermeneutics 6 Haftaroth 41 Hero 117 29, 30, 120, 135 Herodotus 43 Hague, The 192 Herr, Cheryl 18, 245 n.3 109, 111 Herring, Philip ix, xii, 83 Halevy, Daniel 63 Herzen, Aleksandr 218 Halper, Nathan 241 Herzl, Theodor 1, 25, 35, 58, 68, 69, Ham 9 70, 72, 73-4, 75, 76, 142, 150, 157, Handel, George Frederick 107 191-2, 216, 252 n.43, n.44, n.47, Handelman, Susan A. 244 n.lO, 256 n.48, 259 n.2, n.3 n.45, 257 n.48 Der Judenstaat 1, 25, 68--9, 72--6, 142, Hanina ben Teradion 15 191-2, 252 n.48 Hapsburg Empire 202 Herzog, Anna 234, 235, 269 n.83 Haran 23 Herzog, Moses 96 Harrington, James 24 Hietpold, Rudolf 170 Harris, Morris (Moses) 96, 146, 178 Hill of Howth 112 Hart, Clive 104, 121, 247 n.4, 255 n.28, History 4, 12, 20, 26, 37, 39-44, 56, 90, 256 n.44, 270 n.85 103, 191,239,240,248 n.13, n.14, Harvard 176, 232 n.16, n.18 278 Index

History - continued Ireland 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, history, European 32 21,22,23,26,29,35,36,40,44,48, history, Irish 37, 38, 88, 145 55, 56, 59, 60-1, 64-6, 76, 78, 84-5, history, Jewish 10, 30, 33, 34, 35, 90, 95, 110, 113, 117, 125, 128, 134, 36,44-5,46-7,70,80-2,98,103, 141, 146, 152, 153, 156, 161, 163, 270 n.1 166, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 1%, history, Joyce 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 199, 214, 230, 232, 237, 238, 241, 45,46 242,243 n.3, 245 n.3, n.6, 248 n.11, Hitler, Adolf 44, 149, 151,232,251 249 n.21, 250 n.28, n.32, 256 n.39, n.41, 260 n.14, 267 n.SO, 270 n.1 261 n.22, 265 n.29 Mein Kampf 260 n.14 Belfast 69, 70, 168, 169 Hittite 155 Cork 59, 69, 70, 187-8 Holland 233 Dublin x, 1, 2, 4, 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, Holubek, Franz 118 25, 26, 37, 48, 57, 59, 65, 67, 69, Homer 8, 34, 43, 44, 81 70, 86, 92, 93, %, 97, 100, 104, Odyssey 8,27 125-6, 134, 139, 141, 145, 146, Horstman, Prince Otto von 211 152, 153, 157, 159, 161, 163, 168, Hosea %,98 170, 175, 178, 185-7, 188-91, 192, Hotel Beaujolais 235 193, 195, 1%, 197, 198, 215, 220, Hotel Drouot 228 232, 236, 238, 239, 241, 250 n.32, Hotel du Commerce 230, 235 263 n.4, 265 n.23, n.29; Dublin Hotels 183, 263 n.4 Bay 161 Huckleberry Finn 173 Limerick 59, 60, 69, 70, 190, 192, Hume, David 40, 247 n.8 1%,264n.14 Hungary 24, 73, 74, 107, 118, 119, 151, Ireland - Home Rule 24 167, 190, 199, 233, 247 n.5 Ireland - Jewish life 188, 192-3 Hunter, Albert J. 146 Ireland, National Library 229 Huxley, Aldous 234 Irish 3, 14, 15, 24, 34, 36, 49, SO, 54, Hyamson, Albert M. SO 55,56, 77,SO, 87,88,95, 100, 104, 'Anti-Semitism' SO 127, 128, 145, 152, 153, 159, 168, Hyman, Louis 96, 146, 196, 250 n.33 190, 238, 256 n.39, 259 n.8 Jews of Ireland 250 n.33, 265 n.29 Irish Academy of Music 18 Irish Free State 191 Irish Home Rule 85,86 Irish Homestead 145 Ibsen, Henrik 21, 129, 145, 159 Irish Nationalism 21 Doll's House, A 145 Irish Revival 21 Identity 9,11,13, 14, 16,33 Irish Times ix, 65 identity, Irish 32 Islam 33 identity, Jewish 24, 84, 110, 139-54, Israel 24, 27, 30, 41, 44, 45, 51, 76, 78, 147,148,244 n.1 85,96-7,99, 135, 136, 246 n.15 Ideogram 157 Israel in Egypt 107 II Corriere Israelitico 201 Istoczy, Gyozo 73,118 II Piccolo della sera 67,70,85,201 Italian 22, 127, 128, 130, 141, 148, 151, Ii Vessilo Israelitico 201 202, 204, 206, 209, 215, 265 n.29 Imber, Napthali 135 Italians 65 Immigration 217 Italy 22, 27, SO, 119, 130, 199, 200, 201, Importance of Being Earnest 219 202, 203, 204-5, 210, 215, 217, 239, India 51 266n.37 Indo-European 131, 162 Italy, King of 74 Inquisition 143 Jews in 130 Intermarriage 49, SO, 54, 74,202 Trieste ix,S, 11, 19, 26, 27, 28, 36, International Review 219 49, 54, 67, 69, 70, 72, SO, 82, 88, Intertextuality 7, 8, 20, 112, 127 %, 108, 119, 120, 130, 131, 139, lona 84 140, 152, 162, 164, 170, 172, 185, Index 279

Italy - continued Jones, Ernest 205 Trieste - continued Problem of Hamlet 205 197, 198-207, 209, 213, 214-15, Joshua 94, 99 220-1,223,225,226,238,239, Journalism and Jews 150-1, 251 n.41 241,243 n.l; 252 n.46, n.51, 262 Joyce, Giorgio 14, 104, 172-8, 213, 226, n.35, 265 n.29, n.3O, 266 n.36 229, 235 Joyce, James 1-12, 13-34, 35-84, 85- Jabes, Edmond 7, 17, 46, 89, 243 n.6, 138, 139-80, 181-237, 238-42, and 244 n.ll, n.12, 249 n.19, 253 n.9, passim 257 n.51 Anna Livia 229, 233 'Key, The' 244 n.ll, 249 n.19 'Brown, Gordon' 145 Jacob and Rllchel 131, 258 n.57 Buffalo Notebook 134, 136,258 n.64 Jacob 23,88 'Day of the Rabblement' 15, 21 Jaffa 71 Chamber Music 198,208,228 Japanese 157 'Dedalus, Stephen' 145 Japheth 9, 156 Dubliners 8, 15, 18, 38, 70, 159, 160, Jaures, Jean 68 161, 178, 197, 198, 199, 208, Jerusalem 2, 20, 24, 78, 81, 105, 117, 215,233; 'After the Race' 145; 120, 130, 131-2, 164, 166, 181, 189, 'Araby' 159,187; 'Clay' 57; 196 'Counterparts' 11, 159, Jesuits 37, 127 ('Delacour, Miss' 11, 159); Jesus 42, 51, 52, 117, 118, 125, 162, 'Dead, The' 17, 160, 208, 166,171 (Conroy, Gretta 17, 160; Jewess 159, 160, 162, 170, 171, 179,263 Morkans, Misses 160); n.41 'Evaline' 29, 145; 'Ivy Day' 37; Jews 1, 6, 14, 15, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 'Little Cloud' 159, 197, 42, 48, 88, 116, 159, 194, 196 (Chandler, Little 159, 160; Jews and assimilation 11,31,32,33, Gallagher, Ignatius 197); 49, 54, 59, 75, 77, 141-3, 147, 148, 'Painful Case' 159 (Duffy, Mr. 149, 151-2, 154,236,239,246 n.19 James 159; Sinico, Mrs. 159); Jews and cities 181-6 'Sisters, The' 145, 159 (Father Jews and conversion 164 Flynn 159) Jews and covenant 101 'Ecce Puer' 173 Jews and diaspora 24, 46, 131, 132 'Et Tu Healy' 37, 86 Jews and displacement 127 Exiles 40, 197, 215, 221, 225, 247 n.8 Jews and Europe 14 Hand, Robert 197 Jews and law 109, 112, 117 Finnegans Wake x, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jews and marginality 4, 12, 22, 23, 12, 15, 20, 22, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 32, 68, 148, 165, 178, 183, 184, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 223, 237-8, 239 48, 52, 53, 67, 74-6, 81, 83, 85, Jews and modernity 184-5 92, 96, 101, 102-4, 105, 106, 107, Jews and Orientalism 154-70 110-17, 121, 122, 123-7, 132, 133, Jews and persecution 14, 142-4 134, 135-7, 145, 146, 147, 151, Jews and suicide 142, 154 153, 155, 157, 161, 162, 163, 164, Jews, German 32, 142-3, 189 173, 175, 177, 181, 185, 186, 192, Jews, Polish 187 215, 221, 223, 224, 228, 229, 232, Jewish Masonic Peril 211 236, 239, 240, 243 n.2, 255 n.26, Jewish Question 73, 76, 80 n.27, 256 n.39, n.44, 258 n.65, 'Jewman' 192,195,264 n.18 264 n.lO, 268 n.64, 270 n.l; ALP Jolas, Eugene 8, 131, 152, 175, 224, 244 2, 102, 134, 147, 256 n.44; Anna n.14, 256 n.38, 258 n.57, 260 n.15 Livia 67, 243 n.2; 'Ballad of Jolas, Maria ix, 64, 173, 174-6, 224, Persee O'Reilly' 101; Buckley 226, 230, 232, 256 n.38, 259 n.8, 262 102; Dolph 113, 147; Doran, n.39, n.4O, 268 n.64, n.67, 269 n.68, Biddy 116; Earwicker 103-4, n.74, n.76, 270 n.84 161, 185; HCE 31, 43, 48, 86, 96, 280 Index

Joyce, James - continued 146; 'Agendath Netaim' 71,72, Finnegans Wake - continued 83, 100, 135, 167; Bloom, L. 13, 101, 102--3, 104, 105, 106, 112, 15, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 125, 147, 153, 158, 161; Issy 104, 33, 37, 40, 59, 66, 68, 71--3, 76-7, 112,114,164; Jaun 103; Kev 79,80,82,84,85,92-5,96-101, 147; Kevin 103; Mick 147; 103, 107-9, 113, 121-2, 125, 132, Nick 147; Russian General 134, 135, 139, 140-2, 144, 146, 102; Shem 1, 9, 48, 76, 101, 102, 147, 150-2, 153-4, 158, 160, 161, 104, 106, 112-13, 127, 147, 151, 163-9, 172, 179, 180, 185, 188-91, 155, 255 n.26; Shaun 1, 102, 104, 193-6,211,222,240,241,249 112-15, 147, 161, 179, 192; 'Study n.22, 253 n.2, 254 n.17, 258 n.63, Hours' 112; Willingdone 102; 261 n.28, 263 n.6, 264 n.12, n.18; 'Work in Progress' 115,225, Bloom, Molly 8,11,30,31,72, 226,228,232 165,167-9,179,190,194,264 Giacomo Joyce 160, 161, 169-71, 262 n.12; Bloom, Rudy 135; Boylan, n.35 Hugh 'Blazes' 168,169,189, Haveth Childers Everywhere 104, 125, 197; 'Calypso' 16, 71, 95, 160; 173 'Circe' 2, 24, 43, 52, 54, 59, 71, 'Holy Office' 197 92, 95, 96, 99-101, 122, 125, 134, 'Ireland, Island of Saints and Sages' 146, 151, 166, 168, 190, 211, 213, 48,88,156 246 n.18; Citizen 27,40,41, SO, 'Pola Notebook' 243 n.1, n.3 54,66,211,264 n.18; Citron, J. Pomes Penyeach 202 100; Clifford, Martha 172; 'Portrait of the Artist' 57, 197,265 Conmee, Rev. Father John 38, n.28 39, 188; Crawford, Miles 92; Portrait of the Artist 5,8,15,19,29, Cunningham, Martin J. 145, 37, 38, 40, 85, 90, 93, 153, 165, 195; 'Cyclops' 27, 33, 43, 46, 48, 188, 215, 225, 228, 233; Clery, 55,72,80,83,96,135,146,222, Emma 57; Cranly 19, 125, 196; 264 n.18; Deasey, Mr Garrett Davin 188; Doyle, Rev. Father SO, 59, 60, 66, 197, 232; Dedalus, Charles .39; Goggins 197 Stephen 2, 8, 16, 19, 21, 24, 30, Scribbledehobble 103, 178,245 n.11 33,37,38,40,43,48,49,54,72, 'Shade of Parnell' 10, 85, 164 88, 90, 92-5, 97, 98, 100, 107, 113, Stephen Hero 6, 8, 21, 39, 57, 64, 127, 117, 125, 135, 144, 146, 153, 163, 128, 196, 197, 208, 232; Father 164, 166, 168-9, 188-90, 194, 196, Artifoni 127; Heffernan, Mr 232, 241, 244 n.1, 263 n.6; 40; Hero, Stephen (char.) 128 Dignam, Paddy 160; Dignam, Storiella as She isSyung 114 Patrick 220; Dodd, Reuben J. 'Ulysses' 208, 214 56,145-6,260 n.9; 'Eumaeus' 8, Ulysses ix, x, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 30, 144, 145; Flower, Henry 15, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 144, 146; Flynn, Nosey 211; 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 'Hades' 33, 166; Haines SO, 48, 50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 64, 66, 69, 197; Higmns, Julius 144; Hugh 71, 72, 75, 79, 80--3, 85-6, 88, 92, of Lincoln 95; 'Ithaca' 3, 25, 95--8, 100-4, 107, 110, 113, 116, 30, 33, 48, 54, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101, 121, 122, 123-4, 127, 132-4, 136, 122, 125, 134, 151, 165-6, 190, 137, 139, 145, 148, 150-5, 157, 194, 196, 241; Keyes, Alexander 160, 161, 163-5, 172, 175, 186, 92; Lenehan, T. 87; 189, 191, 193, 194, 197, 203, 206, 'Lestrygonians' 125, 178; 'Lotus 211,215,220-2,224-6,228,229, Eaters' 166, 189; Love, Rev. 232-4, 236, 239, 240, 243 n.5; 249 Hugh C. 189; MacDowell, n.24; 250 n.27, n.28; 255 n.29; 258 Gerty 172; MacHugh, Professor n.61, n.62, n.63; 263 n.4; 264 Hugh 86-8, 99, 128; Magee, Mr n.18; 267 n.49; 269 n.81; 270 n.86; William K. 206; Mastiansky, 'Aeolus' 29,85-7,92,94,95, Mrs J. 169; Mastiansky, Julius Index 281

Joyce, James - continued Kamis, Aaron ix, 217, 267 n.53 Ulysses - continued Antisemitismus in ... Schweitz 217, 100; Mulligan, Buck 2; Mulvey, 267 n.53 Lt Harry 169; Murphy, Mr W. Kastor, Robert 174-6 B. 8, 145; 'Nausicaa' 135, 172, Kaufmann, Y. 97 243 n.5; 'Nestor' 25, 35, 37, 59, Kenner, Hugh 46,249 n.20, 254 n.lO, 92, 241; 'Oxen of the Sun' 166, 256 n.39 258 n.61; Papal Nuncio 92, 100; Kerr, Alfred 150 'Penelope' 8, 30; 'Pisgah Sight Kettle, Thomas 20, 21, 245 n.8 of Palestine' 88; Poldy 168; Kiddush 105 'Proetus' 2, 166, 196, 215; King David 93 'Scylla and Charybdis' 45, 125, Kinnereth 71, 72, 76 171,198,244 n.1; 'Sirens' 52, Kiselev, Count P. D. 119 71, 189; Telemachus' 243 n.5; Klaxon 194 Virag, Lipoti 144, 146, 188, 189; Koestler, Arthur 139, 231 'Wandering Rocks' 93,95,166, Thieves in the Night 139 194 Kohn, Hans 157 'Watching the Needle Boats' 202 'Der Geist der Orient' 157 Joyce,John 146,188,229 Kokoschka, Oscar 107 Joyce, Lucia 14, 115, 173, 175, 177-9, Der brennede Dornbush 107 208, 235, 262 n.39, nA1, 263 n.42, Kol Nidre 167 268 n.61 Kosher 169, 195-6 'Autobiography' 177 Kraus, Karl 150 'Real Life of James Joyce' 178,263 Kristallnacht 12, 35 n.42 Kristensen, Tom 42 Joyce, Nora Barnacle ix, 1, 5, 11, 14, Kropotkin, Peter 218 17, 22, 26, 145, 152, 172, 173, 198, 221,222,224,229,235,236,249 Ladino 148 n.24, 259 n.8, 263 nA, 268 n.61 Lady Gregory 87, 89, 90, 91, 224, 254 Joyce, Stanislaus 3, 17, 22, 27, 57, 64, n.13, n.15, n.16 66,128,152,197,203,206,208,213, Deliverer, The 87,91 243 nA, 260 n.17, 267 n.52 Lamb, Charles 37 My Brother's Keeper 243 nA Adventures of Ulysses 37 Joyce, Stephen James ix, 14, 173, 176 Lambert, Ned 189 Judaism ix, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 16, 23, 24, Landowska, Wanda 222 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 53, 69, 72, 79, Language 3,4,5,7,9,12,16-17,22, 80-2, 94, 100, 105, 106-7, 126-7, 24, 47, 66, 79, 82, 90, 104, 108, 115, 135, 138, 139, 140, 143, 146, 147, 116, 123-5, 126, 131, 148, 149, 150, 148, 155, 157, 158, 165, 167, 181, 151,152,163,230,239,240 187,192,199,206,207,212,214, language, indeterminacy 10, 122, 238, 240, 241, 249 n.25, 261 n.26 124,137-8 Judaism, Rabbinic 108 language, Joycean 21 Judengassen 181 Language of the Outlaw 87, 128 Judenpresse 150, 151 Larbaud, Valery 173, 225, 234 Judeo-Spanish 131 Lassalle, Ferdinand 52 Jung, Carl Gustav 82, 205, 207, 221, Latin 22, 33, 37, 94, 99, 132, 148, 202, 222 227 Justius 147 Laubenstein, Arthur 176 Laufer, Bernard 162 Kabbalah 2, 5, 30, 31, 46, 94, 121, 136, Lausanne 179 157, 196, 211, 239, 241, 243 n.2, 244 Lazare, Bernard 68, 150 n.8, 256 n.44, 259 n.68 League of Nations 232-3 Kaddish 169 Lebanon 201 Kafka, Franz 184 Lehrs, Samuel 55 Kaiser Wilhelm 74 Leipzig 120 282 Index

Lemmelein, Asher 100 Luria, Isaac 6 Lenin, V. I. 27, 44, 87, 218 Luxemburg 218, 230 Leon, Lucie 175, 226, 228 Luzzatto, Samuel David 201 Leon, Paul 6, 29, 108, 115, 131, 140, Lyceum 50, 60-1, 190, 251 n.35, 264 144, 152, 161, 175-6, 179, 226-30, n.13 233,260 n.17, 269 n.68, n.69, n.71, 'Jew in Ireland: SO, 60-1, 251 n.35, n.72, n.74, 270 n.86 264 n.13 Leopold, Emperor 200 Lyon 14, 63, 235 Lessing, E. G. 55 Nathan der Weise 55 Lessing, Theodor 152, 260 n.16 Maariv 25 Der Judische Selbtsthass 152 McAlmon, Robert 225,226,268 n.64 Levant 161, 167 McCormick, Mrs. Harold (Edith Leventhal, A. J. ix, 71, 113, 134, 191, Rockefeller) 57, 205, 222 192-4,241,264 n.17, n.19, n.20, McHugh, Roland 115 n.21, n.22; 265 n.23 Annotations to FW 115 'Drama of the Diaspora' 193,264 Madach, Imre 107 n.20 Mozes 107 'Jew Errant' 194, 264 n.22, 265 n.23 Maddox, Brenda ix, 268 n.61 'Ulysses of Mr. James Joyce' 194, Madrid 66 264 n.l Magnall, Richmal 37 'What It Means to be a Jew' 192,264 Questions 37 n.17, n.19 Magog 98,99 Lever, Charles 21 , Moses 20, 95, 96, 124, Levi, Hermann 55 241 Levi, Simon 220 Guide of the Perplexed 20 Levin, Harry 241, 245 n.6 Mainz 201 Levites 109 Malachi 3, 91 Levitt, Morton ix, 241 Manchester 78 Levy, Joseph Moses 150 Manchester Guardian 87 Lewin, Kurt 260 n.16 Mangan, James Clarence 21, 156 Lewis, Wyndham 44, 263 n.4 Mann, Thomas 232, 235 Liber inducens 89 Marr, Wilhelm 58, 151, 155, 251 n.41 Libre Parole, La 63 Victory of Judaism 58 Liffey 175, 189, 196 Marrus, Michael 67 'Ligue Antisemitique Fran<;aise 63 Marsh's Library 265 n.26 Linati, Carlo 6 Martin, Jules 144 Linguistics 162 Marx, Karl 44, 51, 53, 141, 193, 249 Lipsett, Edward Ralph 146, 195, 265 n.25 n.24 'On the Jewish Question' 53,142, 'Halitvack' 195 249 n.25 Liszt, Franz 53, 249 n.25 Mary's Abbey Synagogue 187,189, Literary World 57 190 Little Review 39, 157 Mathews, Elkin 208 Liona, Victor 152 mauschlen 148, 149 Lodz 130 Mayer, Teodoro 26, 70, 201 Lombard Street 188, 189, 191, 196 Mazzini, Giuseppe 200, 209 Lombroso, Cesare 52 Mazzuzah 188 London Jewish Chronicle 70, 192, 250 Mediterranean 1, 24, 71, 72, 156, 167, n.33 199, 202, 206 Londonderry 69 Mellahs 181 Long, John J. 208 Melli, S. R. Rabbi 204 Loubet, Emile 62 Memory 19, 36, 37, 42, 44, 47, 135, Lucerne 216 239,248 n.11 Lugano 209,233 Mendelssohn, Felix 53, 55 Index 283

Mendelssohn, Moses 79, 95, 96, 141, n.19, 255 n.21, n.22, n.27, n.33, 148,182 n.34, 256 n.45, 257 n.5O Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix 141 Moses, prophet 96-100 Mendes-Flohr, Paul 154, 261 n.20 Moses, Books of 81 Menorah 171,212 Moses, Marcus 95 Mercanton, Jacques 14,139,147,220, Moses, Moses 95 230 Moses, Moses Tertius 95,146 Mercius 147 Moses the Magician 94 Messiah 98-100 Moses of Zurich 216 Messiah ben David 99 Moshe rabbenu 97-8 Messiah ben Joseph 99 Moslem 241 Messianism 51,82,85-107 Mountjoy Square 187 Metaphor 122 Mousseaux, Gougenot des 151 Metempsychosis 27, 30, 31, 97 luif, Le 251 n.41 Metonymy 10, 121-3 Muir, Edwin 234, 235 Mexico 233 Muir, Willa 234,235 Meyerbeer, Giacomo 53 Miiller, Fredrich Max 58 Mezzuzah 135, 136 Mulligan, Buck 2 Mezzuzah 105, 106 Munich 221, 233 Michelangelo 94,95,253 n.9 Munkacsy, Michael 56 Middle East 164, 165, 168, 199-200, 'Ecco Homo' 56 186 Musil, Robert 144, 149, 206, 218, 259 Midrash 5, 45, 89, 98, 108, 109, 122, n.6, 266 n.42 240, 255 n.23, 256 n.45, 270 n.3 Man Without Qualities 144, 149, 206, Midrash 240 259 n.6, 266 n.42; Leinsdorf, Mikvah 169 Count 144, 149-50, 206 Milan 16, 201 Mussolini, Benito 44, 203, 232 Milhaud, Darius 178 myth 4,20,43,45,47,55,56,239,240, Minhah 25 241, 242, 248 n.13 Mink, Louis 115 myth, Irish 88 Finnegans Wake Gazetteer 115 Miriam 97 Nabokov, Vladimir 218 8, 109-11, 113, 117, 120 Names 11,143-7,260 n.lO Mizrach 159, 166 Napoleon 37, 156, 200 Modernism 32, 43 Nast-Kolb 208 Mohammed 110 Nathan, Emesto 209-12, 214-15, 267 Moise), Philip 146 n.46 Molesworth Street 211 Nationalism 81, 191, 252 n.53 Mombert, Alfred 218 Naturalism 241 Monaco 65 Nazis 35, 36, 44, 140, 147, 202, 216, Monnier, Adrienne 176, 225-6, 231, 221, 231-3, 239, 244 n.2, 250 n.31, 256 n.38, 268 n.66, 269 n.79 266 n.44 Montifiore, Moses 71,96 Nebuchadnezzar 24 Monto 188 Nelson's Pillar 175 Montreux 175 Nerva), Gerard de 156, 157 Moore, Thomas 156 Neue Freie Presse 73 56 Neusner, Jacob 108, 118, 255 n.31, Morocco 167-8, 181 n.34, 256 n.4O Morpurgo, Giuseppe Lazaro 201 New Ghetto 73 Moschos 226 New Songs 197, 198 Moses 3, 4, 10, 19, 23, 30, 31, 48, 59, New Testament 100, 103, 118 69, 75, 85-108, 120, 124, 128, 132- New York 66, 176-7, 181,221,232, 235 3,165,190,191,207,238,244 n.lO, Newman, John Henry Cardinal 78 246 n.15, 253 n.2, n.9, 254 n.17, Nicholas I, Czar of Russia 118 284 Index

Nijinsky 176 Paris Exhibition 65 Noah 9, 31, 155 Parnell, Charles Stewart 3, 10, 36, 37, Noel, Lucie (Mrs. Paul Leon) 226, 227, 59, 85--7, 91, 137, 164, 199,238, 253 260 n.17, 269 n.69, n.71, n.75 n.2, n.3, 254 n.17 Nordeau, Max 150 Parody 151, 162 Norseman 48 Passover 19, 23, 29, 30, 101, 102, 110, North American 161 135, 146, 212, 255 n.27, 258 n.63 North Circular Road 187 Passport 27 North Richmond Street 187 Paul, Elliot 256 n.38 Norwegian 22, 137, 151 Paulham, Paul 229 Nutting, Helen 256 n.38 Peguy, Charles 62 Nutting, Myron 256 n.38 PEN 52 Pentateuch 94, 96, 101, 105, 108, 135 Peries, Alfred 232 O'Connell, Daniel 74,145 Persia 159 O'Connor, Frank 240,241,270 n.l Persian 33, 55, 111 O'Molloy, J. J. 87,94, 103, 167 Peter Parley's Tales 37 Occident 123, 155, 159 Pharaoh 90, 91 Odysseus 13,22,48,245 n.7 of the Talmud 108 Ofner, Richard 232, 240 Phoenicians 48, 49, 88, 156 Okhrana 219 Phoenix Park 92, 102-3 Old French 111 Phokas, Paul 28,220 Old Italian 111 Picasso, Pablo 234 Old Testament 3, 19, 85, 91, 93, 94, Picquart, Lt Col. Georges 62 96, 100-1, 103, 106, 118, 127 Piedmont 202 Oral Law 110, 120 Pinguentini, Gianni 203 Oral Torah 10, 109, 116-17, 120 James Joyce in Italy 203 Orient 33, 48, 123, 139, 141, 155--7, 'Pirke Avot' 110, 123 160-2, 163, 165, 166-8, 186-7, 211 Pisgah 3, 19, 23, 88, 23, 253 n.6 Oriental 72, 79, 123, 143, 150, 154, Plautus 156 155--6, 158, 159, 165--7, 169, 170, Poenulus 156 172, 179-80, 186, 199, 212 Poesie 229 Orientalism 11, 15~9, 160, 162, 168, Poggioli, Renato 126 238, 261 n.20, n.21, n.22, n.27 Pogroms 63, 77, 119, 141, 192-3 Orvieto, Angelo 107 Pola 17, 26, 128, 185, 197, 215, 235, 'Mose' 107 236, 261 n.28 Orwell, George 43,248 n.14 Poland 24, 51, 61, 130, 182 Homage to Catolonia 248 n.14 Polgar, Alfred 150, 218 1984 248 n.14 Ponisovsky, Alex 177,227,228 Osservatore Romano 210 Pope Clement II 119 Osquden 140, 142-3, 155 Pope Gregory IX 119 Our Exagmination 115,152,244 n.14 Pope Julius III 119 Ovid 245 n.lO Pope Leo XIII 210 Oxford 209 Pope Nicholas III 100 Pope Paul IV 212 Pope Pius IX 200, 212 Padua 201 Pope Pius X 74 Palestine 4, 19, 35, 51, 69, 70-2, 74, Popper, Amalia 11, 169, 179, 262 n.35 76-8, SO, 81-3, 131, 134, 164, 167, Popper, Karl 42,248 n.12 168, 193,201,238,243 n.5 Popper, Leopoldo 169 Palestine 76 Population 265 n.29 Palestine Land Company 76 Porte Orientale, La 199 Palmieri, Signor Benedetto 18 Porter, J. 1. 164 Pantheon 67 Giant Cities of Bashan 164 Paracelsus 103 Portuguese 151 Index 285

Pound, Ezra 44, 115, 157, 172, 225, Racine, Jean Baptiste 2'l6 226, 256 n.38, 263 n.4 Racism 261 n.21 Cantos 157 Raphael, Madame 172 Cantos LII-LXXI 157 8, 111-13, 115, 120 Cathay 157 Rathenau 143 Confucius, Digest of the Analects 157 Read, Herbert 234 Lustra 157 Reading 7, 124, 256 n.39 Ta Hio 157 Recife 143 Power, Arthur 153, 173, 225, 236, 261 Recorder 59 n.18, 268 n.64, 270 n.SS Red Sea 100, 101, 166 Power, J. W. 191, 193 Refugee 3, 11, 26, 28, 197-8, 215, 217, 'Jews of Ireland in the Middle Ages' 222-3,226,230,231,235,236,238, 191,193 241, 270 n.86 181, 205 Reichert, Klaus ix, 137-8, 258 n.65, 259 Precursory Proofs 89 n.66 Prim 25 Reichstag 61, 149 Princeton 226 Reinhardt, Max 143,222 Promised Land 23, 24, 30, 86, 95, 98, Reizbaum, Marilyn ix, 252 n.45, 253 102,106,254 n.17 n.54, 258 n.62 Prophecy 94 Renmsance 34, 45 Prophets 82, %, 163 Renan, Ernest 127-30,157,162,257 Protestant 13, 39, 97, 183, 190, 192, n.53, n.54, n.SS, 261 n.27 195,264 n.12 Life of Jesus 128, 129 Protocols of the Elders of Zion 62, 211, Histoire generale des langues Semitiques 216, 251 n.36, 268 n.54 162 Proust, Marcel 63, 158, 184, 225, 234, Origine du Langage 129 251 n.39, 261 n.25 Souvenirs d' enJance 128 Guermantes Way 158, 261 n.25 Renan, Yael ix, 243 n.5, 258 n.61 Remembrance of Things Past 63; Rennes 62, 63, 66, 68 Swann, Charles 63 Resurrection 102 Provence 24 Return 16, 18, 22, 23, 26, 33, 47, 77, Prussia 31 120 Psalm 68 106 Reuter, Paul Julius 150 Psalm 113 30,31,93, 102,246 n.15 Revolution 19,242 Psychoanalys~ 82,203-7 Reynolds, Mary T. 246 n.15 Puccini, Giacomo 262 n.35 Rhodes 130 Pyrrhus 92 Richards, Grant 197 27 Rilke, Rainer Maria 27, 102 Robert, Marthe 126, 257 n.50, 266 n.44 Queen's University (Belfast) 21 Roberts, George 15 Quinet, Edgar 112, 162-4 Robertson, T. W. 226 Ahasverus 163 Rochfort, Mary 38, 39 Genie des religions, Le 163 Rockefeller, John D. 57, 222 Introduction ala philosophie 162 Rodenberg, Julius 143 Les tablettes du Juif-errant 163 Rodker, John 226 Rohling, Augustus 118, 120 RabbUUcs 7,9,10,121-7,238,240,248 Der Talmudjude 118 n.18, 256 n.45 Roma del Popolo 209 Rabru 41, 44, 45, 68, 125-6, 158, 186, Romains, Jules 225 248 n.18 Roman Empire 199 '' Speech' 211 Rome 11, 67, 80, 98, 100, 129, 185, 197, RabeIm 194 200,201,203,208-10,212-15,220, Race 3, 10, 28, 36, 43, 47-51, 53, 55, 238, 267 n.46, n.48, n.50 56,58-9,66,69,80,99,103,148, RompolIa, Cardinal 214 162, 250 n.28 Rosenbach, A. S. W. 113 286 Index

Rosenberg, Isaac 107 Schlossman, Beryl 246 n.17 Rosenzweig, Franz 143 Schmid, Max 217 25,102,258 n.63 Shalom! 217 Roskies, David 45,47,247 n.10 Schmitz, Ettore (see also Svevo) 26, 140, Roth, Cecil 198, 202, 252 n.46, 265 144 n.29, 266 n.31 Schoeck, Othmar 222 History of the Jews of Italy 198 Schoenberg, Arnold 107 Roth, Samuel 57,147-8,260 n.12 Der Tod Moses 107 Jews Must Live 148,260 n.12 Scholem, Gershom 218, 243 n.2, 244 Rothmund, Heinrich 216--17, 268 n.55 n.8, 246 n.16, 253 n.9, 255 n.24, Rothschild, Robert 126 259 n.8, n.68 Rothschilds 65, 73, 143, 182, 193 Scholes, Robert 243 n.3, 248 n.17, 249 Rotterdam 235 n.23, 250 n.29, 254 n.18, 265 n.28 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 227,245 n.10 Schorske, Carl E. 75, 252 n.47 Rubaiyat ofOmar Khayyam 161 Schwarz, Oscar 26, 52, 82, 221 Ruggiero, Paul 14,220 Schweizerischen Israelitischen 216 Ruskin, John 253 n.6 Scone 89 Russia 4, 24, 27, 31, 35, 51, 61, 63, 77, Scotland 235 118, 119, 131, 141, 192, 217, 227 Scott, Sir Walter 262 n.32 Rutty, Dr 125 Ivanhoe 262 n.32 Scroll 194 Second Temple 2,23,24,25,117,120, Saba, Umberto 200, 204, 205 1%,247n.18 Sabbath 89,155 Second World War 48, 115, 147, 173 Sacher, Harry 69, 73, 76, 252 n.SO, Seder 19,29 n.51, n.52 Sefarim, Mendele Mokher 132 Sacy, Baron Silvestre de 157 SeJer 6 Safed 134 SeJer Mitzvot Katan 216 Sahara 64 121 Said, Edward 155, 245 n.6, 261 n.21, Seidel, Michael 18, 245 n.6, 249 n.21 n.27 Exile and the Narrative Imagination 18, Orientalism 155, 261 n.21, n.27 245 n.6 Saint Columbia 84 Seine 175 Saint Gerand-le-Puy 14, 176, 185, 197, Selbsthass 148, 152 228, 230-2, 235, 269 n.75 Self-hatred, Jewish 11, 139, 140, 141- Saint Patrick 104-5 3, 147-8, 152, 153, 154, 260 n.13 Saint Paul's 213 Self-identity 23 Saints 104, 105 Semantics 9, 11, 114, 125, 129, 132, Samuel 98 137-8 San Pietro, Church of 94 Semiotics 89, 125 San Sabba 202 Semites 48, 49, SO, 155, 162, 163 Sanhedrin 200 Semitic 2, 58, 101, 156, 157, 161, 162, Sanskrit 156 165,171 Sappho 104 Senn, Fritz ix, 136, 253 n.2, 258 n.65, Sarajevo 119 259 n.67, 260 n.10 Sauermann, Charlotte 221, 232 Sephardic 51, 131, 194, 199 Savio, Letizia Fona 203 Sephiroth 2 Ricordi di James Joyce e Svevo 203 Shabbat 131 Savitsky, Ludmila Bloch 225, 226 Shaharit 25 Daedalus 225 Shakespeare and Company 226, 229 Savoy 89 Shakespeare, William 8,45,101,244 Sax, Victor 83, 221 n.1 Scandinavia 51 23, 110 Schickele, Rene 220 Shaw, G. B. 87,89,90-1,254 n.14 Schiff, Sydney 234, 235 John Bull's Other Island 90-1,254 n.14 Index 287

Shelley, Percy Bysshe 129 St Petersburg 66, 226 Shema' 25, 29, 105, 111, 116, 135, 136 St Stephen 93, 100 Shomneh Esreh 166 St. Stephen's 15 Shulamith 196 Stafford Street Synagogue 187 Shylock 56 Staley, Thomas F. 203 Sigla 116 'Search for Leopold Bloom' 203 Signitz 204 Steed, Henry Wickham 36, 247 Signs 137 n.2 Silence 117, 133, 194 Hapsburg Monarchy 36, 247 n.2 Silesia 227,229,270 n.86 Stein, Gertrude 184, 225 Simchat Torah 8 Steinberg, Rabbi Simon 1% Simhat Torah 126 Steiner, George 5, 243 n.6 Simmel, George 143 Steinschneider, Moritz 33, 246 n.22 Simon, Leon 79, 131 Sterne, Laurence 194 'Hebrew Revival' 79, 131 Stevens, Wallace x, 126,257 n.49 Sinai 16, 19, 21, 31, 54, 68, 86, 89, 90, 'Le Monocle de Mon Oncle' 126 102, 106-7, 124, 165, 199, 251 n.42 Stevenson, Robert Louis 128 Sinclair, Henry (Harry) 1,96, 146, 191, Stoppard, Tom 218, 219, 268 n.57 243 n.1 Travesties 218, 267 n.57 Sinclair, William 1, 96, 146, 178, 191, Straumann, Heinrich 83, 236, 238, 253 243 n.1 n.54, 270 n.84 Sinn Fein 100, 191, 220 Strauss, Richard 222 Sinn Fein 66,197 Stravinsky, Igor 222 Skeffington, Francis 129 Strongbow 44 Slavic 202, 206 Succoth 104 Slavs 48 Succoth 136 Smuchin 122 Sukkot 23,25 Socialism 51, 140, 208, 209, 212, 214, Sullivan, Arthur 244 n.1 218,227 Sullivan, John 52 Society of Jews 1, 75--6 Sultan of Turkey 74, 75 Socrates 108 Suresnes 176 Sokolow, N. 76 Surrealists 222 , Morris 193,194 Suter, August 114, 256 n.36 Sonne Dr Isaiah 27, SO, 108, 119, 126, Svevo, Italo (see also Schmitz) 26, 70, 1~1, 257 n.56 108, 119, 140, 144, 152, 154, 199, Sonnemann, Leopold 150 202~, 221, 222, 228, 234, 260 n.17, Sonnino, Sidney 209 266 n.35, n.39, n.4O Sophocles 101 Confessions of Zeno 204, 207, 228, 234 Souhandeau, Marcel 28 James Joyce 203 Le Peril Juif 28 Senilita 204 Soupault, Phillipe 175 Swinburne, Algernon 253 n.6 South Africa 96 Switzerland 1,4, 13, 14, 22, 27, 115, South Grcular Road 57, 61, 187, 189 140,179,230,233,235--6,239,244 Soviets 44 n.1, 259 n.6, 263 n.4, 267 n.53, 268 Space 25 n.56, n.6O, 269 n.75 Spain 24, 31, 44-6, 63, 71, 88, 118-19, Basel 68, 74, 76, 170, 216, 233 141, 156, 165, 167, 178 Geneva 14,236,259 n.6 Spanish 111, 127, 134, 151, 168, 194, Zurich ix, x, 1, 5, 11, 13, 22, 27, 28, 1% 29, 52, 53, 57, 69, 70, 72, 77, SO, Speech 133 82-3, 108, 120, 130, 131, 139, 140, Spinoza, Baruch 32, 130, 148, 191, 192, 144, 170, 171, 177, 184, 185, 205, 206,246 n.19 215-23,224,226,232,235--6,238, Spire, Andre 226 240,241,246 n.12, 259 n.6, 263 St Aloysius 129 n.4 St Peters 4, 213, 214 Sykes, Claude 221 288 Index

Symons, Arthur 157, 261 n.24, 262 Thomson, Frederick D. 161 n.30 In the Track of the Sun 161 Symbolist Movement 157, 261 n.24, Thoughts from Spinoza 191 262 n.30 Tiber 212 Synagogue 134, 186-7, 198-9, 216, Tiberiaus 71 265 n.30 Time, Jewish 10, 25-6, 33, 35, 36, 42, Synge,John 128,196 247 n.lO, 253 n.1 An Easy Introduction to the Hebrew Times (of London), The 83, 210 Language 128 Tindall, William York 115,254 n.17, Synge, John Millington 127--8, 192, 256 n.39 196,264 n.18 Tisha b' Ab 25 Riders to the Sea 128 Tokowsky, S. 76 Playboy of the Western World 192, 264 Tokyo 186 n.18 Toledo 181 Syntax 129, 137, 138, 148, 151 Torah 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 19,22,23,30,41, Syria 199 45, 69, 94, 97, 98, 105, 107-11, 116, Szombathely 16 117, 124, 126-7, 132, 133, 186, 194, 199,240,243 n.7, 244 n.8, 255 n.34 Tosafot 8, 113, 120 Tablets 89-90, 124 Tractates 109-10 Tales of the Ghetto 213 Trans-Jordan 70 Talmud 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22, 25, 45, Transition 115 70, 89, 97, 98-9, 106, 108-22, 130, Trebitsch, Arthur 143 136, 169, 196,211,238,247 n.2, 255 Geist und Judentum 143 n.23, n.30, n.31, n.32, n.33, n.34, 2 256 n.35, n.4O Treitschke, Heinrich von 155,261 n.20 Babylonian Talmud 15, 33, 108, 110- Trent 119 12, 120 Trinity College, Dublin 127, 192, 194 Babylonian Talmud 244 n.2 Trope 9, 18, 19, 21, 29, 30, 92, 122 Jerusalem Talmud 109-10 Trotsky, Leon 218 Palestinian Talmud 33, 109, 120 Tunisia 51 Tammuz 136, 247 n.lO Turgenev, Ivan 162 Tanaka, Mrs Yasushi 226 'Jew, The' 162 Tanna 110 Tussard, Madame 214 Tannaim 120 Two Worlds Monthly 57 Tannaum 116 Typology 10, 85, 87--8, 89, 91, 93, 96, Tara 89 100,103-4,107--8,116,253 n.1, n.6 Targum98, 108, 116, 196 Tzara, Tristan 27, 218, 225 Taussig, Karl 55 Taylor, John F. 86-8,90,95,99, 128, Uberfremdung 219 253 n.4, n.5 United Irishman 60, 64, 65, 66, 196, 251 Tel Aviv ix n.34, n.4O, 265 n.26 Tempio Israelitico 11, 199, 212, 213, United States 51, 115, 130, 225 267 n.50 University College, Dublin 2, 20, 21, Ten Commandments 23 60, 78, 86, 151, 243 n.1, 247 n.1 Tennyson, Alfred Lord 160, 253 n.6 Upper Dorset Street 71,96 'Locksley Hall' 160 Usque, Samuel 46 Tephilin 105 Consolation of Israel 46 Text 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 21, 29, 34, 45, 82, 110, 116, 138, 140, 141, 237--8, 240, Vail, Laurence 172 242,244 n.9 Valery, Paul 225, 249 n.24 Textuality 3, 5, 6, 10, 82, 108, 238 Vallancey, Charles 42,49,88, 156, 161, textuality, Judaic 89, 123-7 248 n.11, 249 n.21, 261 n.23 Theresienstadt 233 Vanderpyl, Fritz 226 Thom's Directory 37, 72, 96 Varese, Edgard 222 Index 289

Vatican 94, 203, 213 VVeininger, Otto ix, 1, 11, 36, 69, 141, Vaughan, Bernard 129 142, 154, 162, 179, 252 nA5 Venezian, Felice 200,201,209 Sex and Character 36, 69, 141, 142, Veneziani, Bruno 203 154, 162, 252 nA5 Veneziani, Livia 202-3 VVeiss, Edoardo 82, 203, 204-7, 266 Venice 7, 110, 181, 201 n.37 Verdi, Giuseppe 262 n.35 VVeiss, Ottocaro 28, 57, 72, 82-3, 108, Verne, Jules 201 130, 140, 171, 179, 205, 220, 221-2, Extraordinary Voyages 201 268 n.61 Vico, Giambattista 36, 37, 42, 45, 102, VVeiss, Paula 221 106, 126, 162, 206, 238, 247 nA VVeizmann, Chaim 76, 77, 78, 83, 216, Vidacovich, Nicolo 199 252 n.51 Vilna 181, 183 'Zionism and the Jewish Problem' Virgil 88 77 Voghera, GiorgiO 205 VVessely, Naptali 79 Vogt, Alfred 171 VVest 163 Vom Judentum 157 VViesel, Elie 8,239,244 n.13, 260 n.10 von Sacher-Masoch, Leopold 213 Night 239 Polnische Getto-Geschichte 213 VViiderness 17,23 Scene del Ghetto 213 Wissenschaft des Judentums 33, 201 Vowels 132 VVittgenstein, Ludwig 39,247 n.7 VVolff, Bernhard 150 VVagner, FUchard 19,52-6,60,69,245 VVomen, Jewish 11, 139, 153, 154, 159, n.7, 249 n.24, n.25, 250 n.27 162-80, 207, 238 'Judaism in Music' 52, 53, 55, 69, VVorid Zionist Congress 216 249 n.25 VVorid Zionist Organisation 191 'Know Thy Self: 55 VVriting 124 Flying Dutchman 52,55,245 n.7, 2SO VVrought, James 146 n.27 Gotterdammerung 52 SO, 96 Meistersinger 52, 55 Yartzeit 169 Parsifal 55 Yeats, VVilliam Butler 21,87,89,90, Rheingold 52 103,253 nA, n.8, 254 n.11, n.12, Ring, The 249 n.24 n.19 Siegfried 52 'Magic' 90, 254 n.11 Tannhauser 52 'Tables of the Law' 87, 89, 253 n.8, Tristram 52 254 n.19 Wake Newslitter 134 Countess Cathleen 21 VValzer, Michael 19, 20, 30, 245 n.6, Yedo 186 n.lO Yiddish 56, 61, 75, 114, 131, 132, 148- Exodus and Revolution 245 n.6 SO, 183, 193, 258 n.61 VVandering 10, 24, 26, 236 Yom Kippur 167,258 n.63 VVandering Jew 16, 27, 54, 55, 150, 163, 181, 245 n.7, 249 n.24, 2SO 'Zakhor' 248 n.16 n.27, 261 n.28 Zakhor 36 VVar of the Roses 44 Zauberin, Die 196 VVare, Sir James 156 Zend 156 VVarsaw 31, 64, 181 Zimmmvaid 218 VVassermann, Jacob 143, 157, 259 n.5 Zion 83 'Der Jude als Orientale' 157 Zionism and the Jewish Future 69, 73, My Life as German and Jew 143,259 76-80, 131, 252 n.51, n.52; 258 n.58 n.5 Zionism 10, 24, 25, 27, 48, 50, 51, 64, VVeaver, Harriet Shaw 5, 115, 154,225, 68, 69-84, 95, 132, 135, 194, 211, 256 n.38 217, 239, 240, 252 n.47, n.48, n.51, VVeimar Germany 142, 143 253 n.55 290 Index

Zionist Congress 68, 71, 74, 76 Zumsteg, Gustav 13 Zola, Emile 62, 63, 67, 251 n.38 Zweig, Stefan 27, 140, 179, 220, 232, !,Accuse 62 244 n.2, 270 n.l