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Héloïse CABOT Héloïse CABOT Avocate à la Cour Barreau de Paris Cour nationale du droit d’asile 35, rue Cuvier 93558 MONTREUIL SOUS BOIS cedex Par télécopie: 01.48.18.44.20 Vos Réf : 19009476 & 18054661 Mes Réf: Gisti – Affaires N. & M. Paris, le 8 juin 2020 Madame, Monsieur le Secrétaire Général, Je vous prie de trouver ci-joint des conclusions en intervention volontaire au soutien de Messieurs N. et M. à l'encontre des décisions en date du 12 novembre 2018 et du 10 janvier 2019, rendues par Monsieur le Directeur de l’Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides, leur refusant la reconnaissance de leur statut de réfugié. Vous en souhaitant bonne réception, Croyez, Madame, Monsieur le Secrétaire Général, en ma considération distinguée. Héloïse CABOT Valérie PAULHAC 38, rue René Boulanger – 75010 PARIS Mob : 06.20.41.67.24 Métro : République (Lignes 3, 5, 8, 9, 11) Fax : 01.83.71.11.70 [email protected] Membre d’une association agréée – Le règlement des honoraires par chèque est accepté A Mesdames, Messieurs les Président et Assesseurs Près la Cour nationale du droit d’asile En présence de Madame, Monsieur le Rapporteur CONCLUSIONS D’INTERVENTION VOLONTAIRE DOSSIERS 19009476 & 18054661 POUR L’ASSOCIATION GROUPE D’INFORMATION ET DE SOUTIEN DES IMMIGRÉ·E·S (GISTI) Prise en la personne de son représentant légal, dont le siège est situé 3 Villa Marcès à Paris (75011) ASSISTEE PAR HELOÏSE CABOT Avocate au Barreau de Paris 38, rue René Boulanger – 75010 PARIS VALERIE PAULHAC Avocate au Barreau de Seine-Saint-Denis 51, avenue de la République – 93100 MONTREUIL AU SOUTIEN DE F. N. né le 1994 à Panjshir (Afghanistan ) A. M. Né le 1 1970 à Bamiyan (Afghanistan ) CONTRE Les décisions de rejet d’une demande d’asile prises le 12 novembre 2018 et le 10 janvier 2019 par le Directeur général de l’Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides à l’encontre de Messieurs N. et M. 1 PLAISE A LA COUR I. FAITS ET PROCEDURE Monsieur N. , ressortissant afghan, a sollicité l’asile et a été l’objet d’une décision de rejet de l’Ofpra le 10 janvier 2019. Monsieur M., ressortissant afghan, a également vu sa demand e d’asile être rejetée par décision de l’Ofpra le 12 novembre 2018. Ils ont tous deux introduit un recours en annulation devant la Cour nationale du droit d’asile, qui a décidé de renvoyer les affaires devant la Grande formation, pour lui poser les questions suivantes : I. Quels sont les indicateurs permettant de qualifier la violence geń eŕ eé par un conflit arme ́ interne ou international comme pouvant « s’etendré a ̀ des personnes sans consideratioń de leur situation » aux fins de l’application de l’article L. 712-1 c) du CESEDA ? i. Nombre de victimes civiles ii. Nombre d’incidents de securit́ e ́ iii. Nombre de personnes deplać eeś iv. Autres effets induits du conflit arme ́ II. Dans l’hypothesè ou ̀ la situation dans un pays ou dans une regioń donneé justifie l’application des dispositions de l’article L. 712-1 c), sur quel faisceau d’indices peut-on s’appuyer pour considereŕ que la violence geń eŕ eé est d’un niveau exceptionnel, c’est-a-̀ dire qu’un civil courait, du seul fait de sa presencé dans ce pays ou cette region,́ un risque reeĺ de subir une menace grave et individuelle contre sa vie ou sa personne ? III. Au vu de ce qui preć ede,̀ les informations disponibles conduisent-t-elles a ̀ identifier a ̀ Kaboul une violence d’un niveau si elev́ e ́ qu’il existe des motifs serieux́ et aveŕ eś de croire qu’un civil renvoye ́ dans la capitale afghane ou transitant par celle-ci, y courrait, du seul fait de sa presence,́ un risque reeĺ de subir les menaces viseeś par l’article L. 712-1 c) du CESEDA ? IV. Lors de son appreciatioń du risque en cas de retour dans la zone ou ̀ le demandeur residait́ et avait fixe ́ ses centres d’inteŕ ets,̂ le juge doit egalement́ prendre en compte le niveau de violence aveugle existant, le cas ech́ eant,́ dans les zones que l’inteŕ esse ́ devra necessairement́ traverser pour s’y rendre. Pour apprehendeŕ un tel trajet vers la zone de destination, le juge doit-il prendre en compte toutes les possibiliteś legaleś d’entreé aerienné ou terrestre dans le pays ? En cas de reponsé positive a ̀ la question IV., s'agissant de l'Afghanistan, le trajet vers la regioń de destination doit-il etrê envisage ́ a ̀ partir d'autres points d'entreé que l'aeroport́ de Kaboul ?" Le Gisti entend intervenir volontairement au soutien des requérants. 2 II. RECEVABILITE DE L’INTERVENTION VOLONTAIRE DU GISTI Le Groupe d’information et de soutien des immigré.e.s (Gisti) est une association loi 1901 agissant comme un groupe-ressources en droit des étrangers. Il apporte de l’information et du soutien aux immigrés par des actions politiques et juridiques. La notoriété du Gisti est notamment due à ses brochures, ses formations et ses recours ou interventions volontaires devant les juridictions : recours de principe devant le Conseil d’État, la Cour de cassation, saisine de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne ou de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Le Gisti a pour objet, selon l’article 1er de ses statuts (Pièce n°1) : « Le Groupe d’information et de soutien des immigré⋅e⋅s (Gisti), association constituée conformément à la loi du 1er juillet 1901, a pour objet : - de réunir toutes les informations sur la situation juridique, économique et sociale des personnes étrangères ou immigrées ; - d’informer celles-ci des conditions de l’exercice et de la protection de leurs droits ; - de soutenir, par tous moyens, leur action en vue de la reconnaissance et du respect de leurs droits, sur la base du principe d’égalité ; - de combattre toutes les formes de racisme et de discrimination, directe ou indirecte, et assister celles et ceux qui en sont victimes ; - de promouvoir la liberté de circulation. » L’objet statutaire de l’association est donc précisément de défendre, le cas échéant par voie judiciaire, les droits des personnes étrangères. Dès lors, il ne fait aucun doute que le Gisti est recevable à agir pour faire sanctionner la voie de fait qui lèse les intérêts de ceux qu’elle s’est donné pour objet de défendre. C’est à ce titre que l’association est intervenue volontairement au soutien de demandeurs d’asile devant les juridictions administratives sur des questions relatives à leurs droits, telles que celle de l’accès à l’enregistrement de la demande d’asile (TA Paris ord., 20 janvier 2020, n°2000346 ; CE, ord, 30 avril 2020, n°440250, 440253). Elle a également intenté un recours contre la décision du conseil d’administration de l’Ofpra fixant la liste des pays d’origine sûrs (CE, 10 octobre 2014, n°375474, 375920). Aussi, l’intérêt du Gisti sur les questions relatives à la situation des demandeurs d’asile, et sur l’accès à la protection internationale est établi. Par une décision n°350661 du 25 juillet 2013, le Conseil d’Etat a consacré la recevabilité d’une intervention d’une association devant le juge de l’asile. L’intérêt à agir du Gisti est donc établi. 3 III. DISCUSSION Partie 1. Sur le régime juridique de la protection subsidiaire accordée sur le fondement de l’article l.712-1 c) du Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d’asile. I. La loi du 31 juillet 2015 est plus favorable que le droit de l’union européenne en ce qu’elle se contente d’une définition de la violence qui ne prévoit pas de seuil minimum à atteindre A l’occasion d’une réforme législative, le texte adopté définitivement le 15 juillet 2015 prévoit dans son article 4 que l’article L 712-1 c) du CESEDA serait modifié comme suit : « [b) Au c, le mot : « , directe » est supprimé et le mot : « généralisée » est remplacé par les mots : « qui peut s'étendre à des personnes sans considération de leur situation personnelle et » ;] » Depuis l’entrée en vigueur de la loi intervenue le 30 juillet 2015, l’article L 712-1 c) est rédigé comme suit : « c) S'agissant d'un civil, une menace grave et individuelle contre sa vie ou sa personne en raison d'une violence qui peut s'étendre à des personnes sans considération de leur situation personnelle et résultant d'une situation de conflit armé interne ou international. » Cette rédaction appelle un constat : • en ne retenant ni la notion « de violence aveugle » issue de la Directive Qualification, ni celle de « violence aveugle qui atteint un niveau si élevé » posée par la CJUE dans son arrêt EL GAFAJI en date du 17 février 2009 et en leur préférant la notion de « violence qui touche les personnes sans considération de leur situation personnelle » pour appliquer systématiquement la protection, le législateur se montre ainsi plus favorable à la protection fondée sur l’article L 712- 1 c) du CESEDA que le droit de l’Union européenne, • En effet, l’arrêt EL GAFAJI pose comme condition à la protection systématique sur le terrain de l’article L 712-1 c) du CESEDA un seuil minimum de gravité qui serait atteint lorsqu’on serait en présence d’une violence atteignant un niveau si élevé alors que la loi française se contente d’être en présence « d’une violence qui touche les personnes sans considération de leur situation personnelle » et de la sorte ne fixe pas de minima à atteindre.
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